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Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia: Polyclinidae) from Korea

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Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. Vol. 32, No. 1: 60-62, January 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.5635/ASED.2016.32.1.060 Short communication First Record of Synoicum clavatum (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia: Polyclinidae) from Korea Su-Yuan Seo*, Boon-Jo Rho Natural History Museum, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea ABSTRACT A colonial ascidian, Synoicum clavatum has previously been reported from Japan. Here, we provide detailed descriptions and illustrations of S. clavatum as the first record in Korea.Synoicum clavatum is characterized by club­ shaped colonies with oval head and elongate stalk, circular cloacal systems, a branchial sac with 14-16 stigmata rows of 10-17 stigmata per row and a stomach with smooth surface. The specimens of S. clavatum were collected in the subtidal zone (15-25 m depth) at Beomseom and Mumseom in Jeju­do while SCUBA diving from 2000 to 2014. Keywords: taxonomy, Ascidian, Polyclinidae, Synoicum clavatum, Korean waters INTRODUCTION The size of zooids was then measured using an image analyzer (Toupview 3.7; Touptek Photonics). The genus Synoicum is a colonial subgroup of the Poly­ The systematic scheme of ascidians was adopted from clinidae and is dissimilar to other genera in that its zooid Kott (1992), Monniot (2001), and Sanamyan (2015). The lack constriction between abdomen and posterior abdomen, specimens were deposited in Natural History Museum, branchial sac has 14-16 rows of stigmata with up to 20 Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea (EWNHMAS 13­ stigmata per row, stomach wall is not longitudinally folded, 17). and ovaries are not in the thorax (Kott, 1992). Presently, about 81 species of the genus Synoicum are known world­ wide (Monniot, 2001), while only single species, S. pulmo­ SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNTS naria has been reported in Korean waters (Rho and Huh, 1984; Rho and Lee, 1989). Order Aplousobranchia Lahille, 1886 Specimens of Synoicum clavatum examined in this study Family Polyclinidae Milne Edwards, 1841 were collected in the subtidal zone (15-25 m depth) at Genus Synoicum Phipps, 1774 Beomseom and Mumseom in Jeju­do while SCUBA diving from 2000 to 2014. 1*Synoicum clavatum (Oka, 1927) (Fig. 1) For identification, each specimen was examined for Polyclinum clavatum Oka, 1927: 501, fig. 965; Tokioka, morphological characteristics such as colony, system, 1953: 184-185. stigmata, stomach, gut, gonad and coloration under stere­ Synoicum clavatum: Tokioka, 1954: 69-70, Pl. 4, figs. E, F; omicroscope (SMZ 745T; Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). The color of Nishikawa, 1980: 99, tab. 1; 1990: 97-99, fig. 3. each part was recorded in accordance to a color chart (Pantone color formula guide 747XR). Images of the collected living Material examined. Korea: Jeju­do: 4 colonies, Munseom, Synoicum colonies, prior to fixation, were taken using a 7 Nov 2000, 15-25 m deep by SCUBA diving (EWNHMAS digital camera (WG2; Pentax, Tokyo, Japan). The images 13); 1 colony, Beomseom, 6 Jun 2001, 25 m deep by SCUBA of zooids were taken with a stereomicroscope with camera diving (EWNHMAS 14); 3 colonies, Munseom, 27 Nov (UHCCD05000KPA; Touptek Photonics, Zhejiang, China). 2011, Song JI, Whang SJ, 20-25 m deep by SCUBA diving Korean name: 1*곤봉만두멍게 (신칭) This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative *To whom correspondence should be addressed Commons Attribution Non­Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ Tel: 82-2-3277-3426, Fax: 82-2-3277-2566 licenses/by­nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non­commercial use, distribution, E-mail: [email protected] and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. pISSN 2234-6953 eISSN 2234-8190 Copyright The Korean Society of Systematic Zoology New Record of Synoicum Ascidian from Korea A F ba aa B es st C E th s ab D g pa o tf Fig. 1. Synoicum clavatum. A, Colony in living; B, Colony in preservative; C, D, Cormidia; E, F, Zooid. th, thorax; ab, abdomen; pa, post-abdomen; ba, branchial aperture; aa, atrial aperture; es, endostyle; st, stigmata; s, stomach; g, gut; o, ovaries; tf, testicular folicles. Scale bars: A=5 mm, B, C=2 mm, D=5 mm, E=0.5 mm, F=0.2 mm. Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. 32(1), 60-62 61 Su-Yuan Seo, Boon-Jo Rho (EWNHMAS 15); 2 colonies, Munseom, 28 Nov 2011, Song tion (15-16). This species resembles Synoicum suarenum JI, Whang SJ, 20 m deep by SCUBA diving (EWNHMAS from Australia and Indonesia. But it differs in having not 16); 1 colony, Beomseom, 28 Oct 2014, Whang SJ, Lee flat topped lobes but round topped lobes with narrow stalks. WK, 13-14 m deep by SCUBA diving (EWNHMAS 17). Description. Colonies attached to substrate, consist of sev­ eral club­shaped cormidia united one another at basal end. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Each of cormidia comprises oval head (9.40-22.00 mm in diameter, 6.36-20.00 mm in length) and elongate stalk (up to This research was supported by the Natural History Museum 20 mm). Surface of colony smooth, sometimes bryozoa and of Ewha Womans University and a grant from Marine Bio­ hydra lived on stalk. Test soft, gelatinous, semi­transparent, technology Program funded by Ministry of Oceans and Fish­ light orange (Pantone 1375 C) in living and opaque milky eries of Korean Government in part. white color in preservative (Fig. 1A, B). Five to eleven zooids form a system encircling a small common cloacal aperture. Eight to thirty systems in oval REFERENCES head of each cormidium (Fig. 1C). Many zooids arranged parallel to axis of cormidium (Fig. 1D). Kott P, 1992. The Australian Ascidiacea, part 3, Aplousobran­ Zooids deep orange color (Pantone 1585 C) in living (Fig. chia (2). Memories of the Queensland Museum, 32:375­ 1A). Zooids slender and 9.44-16.40 mm in total length in 620. preserved materials. Thorax (2.93-4.12 mm) longer than Monniot C, 2001. Ascidiacea and Sorberacea. In: European reg­ abdomen (1.63-2.67 mm). Post­abdomen 4.02-10.43 mm ister of marine species: a check­list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification in length. Zooids lack constriction between abdomen and (Eds., Costello MJ, Emblow C, White RJ). Collection Patri­ post­abdomen. Thin vascular canal is issued from posterior moines Naturels, 50:352­355. end of post­abdomen and reach deep into stalk. About 10 Nishikawa T, 1980. Ascidians from the Coast of Kii Peninsula, thin thoracic longitudinal muscles on each side of thorax. Middle Japan, with descriptions of two new species. Mem­ Branchial aperture has six lobes and atrial aperture has a oirs of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, 13:97­111. slender languet. Branchial tentacles 16-30. Branchial sac Nishikawa T, 1990. The Ascidians of Japan Sea. I. Publications has 14-16 stigmata rows of 10-17 stigmata (or rarely 20 of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 34:73­148. stigmata) per row. Dorsal languet fine pointed tongue shape. Oka A, 1927. Ascidiacea. In: Figuraro de Japanaj Bestoj. Ho­ Stomach yellow, elliptical, have smooth surface without kuryu­kan, Tokio, pp. 484­501 (cited from Tokioka, 1954, longitudinally folded wall and situated nearly in middle of pp. 69­74). abdomen. Mid­intestine distinct and has no coecum. Anus Rho BJ, Huh MK, 1984. A systematic study on the Ascidians opens at level as high as posterior fifth stigmata row and bi- in Korea. Journal of Korean Research Institute for Better lobed (Fig. 1E, F). Living, Ewha Womans University, 33:99­136. Rho BJ, Lee JE, 1989. A systematic study on the Ascidians Several ovaries situated just behind intestinal loop and from Cheju Island, Korea. Korean Journal of Systematic small testicular follicles arranged densely in post­abdomen Zoology, 5:59­76. of Munseom’s sample collected on 7 Nov 2000. Synoicum clavatum Sanamyan K, 2015. (Oka, 1927). In: Shen­ Distribution. Pacific Ocean: Korea (Beomseom and Mun­ kar N, Gittenberger A, Lambert G, Rius M, Moreira Da seom, Jeju­do), Japan (Pacific coast of Honsyu; Shirane­ Rocha R, Swalla BJ, Turon X (2015), Ascidiacea World zaki, Isl. Dogo; Sagami Bay; off Wakayama Pref). Database [Internet]. World Register of Marine Species, Ac­ Remarks. This is the first record ofSynoicum clavatum from cessed 31 Aug 2015, <http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia. Korean waters. Synoicum clavatum has been reported from php?p=taxdetails&id=251453>. Japan (Oka, 1927; Tokioka, 1953, 1954; Nishikawa, 1990). Tokioka T, 1953. Ascidians of Sagami Bay. Iwanami Shoten, Our findings expand the distribution range to Korea. Tokyo, pp. 1­315. The present specimens resemble Tokioka’s (1954) rede­ Tokioka T, 1954. Contribution to Japanese ascidian fauna. 9. scription of S. clavatum in colony shape, system, zooid shape, Re­description of Oka's species found in ‘Figuraro de Ja­ intestinal loop, stigmata rows, and stomach. However the panoj Bestoj’. Publication of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 4:69­74. present specimens have 14-16 stigmata rows while Oka (1927) described 10-12 stigmata rows. The number of stig­ Received November 26, 2015 mata rows of the present specimens is similar to Tokioka’s Revised January 8, 2016 (1954) description (15-17) and Nishikawa’s (1990) descrip­ Accepted January 11, 2016 62 Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. 32(1), 60-62.
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    about this guide | about sea squirts | colour index | species index | species pages | icons | glossary inspirational invertebratesawesome ascidians a guide to the sea squirts of New Zealand Version 2, 2016 Mike Page Michelle Kelly with Blayne Herr 1 about this guide | about sea squirts | colour index | species index | species pages | icons | glossary about this guide Sea squirts are amongst the more common marine invertebrates that inhabit our coasts, our harbours, and the depths of our oceans. AWESOME ASCIDIANS is a fully illustrated e-guide to the sea squirts of New Zealand. It is designed for New Zealanders like you who live near the sea, dive and snorkel, explore our coasts, make a living from it, and for those who educate and are charged with kaitiakitanga, conservation and management of our marine realm. It is one in a series of electronic guides on New Zealand marine invertebrates that NIWA’s Coasts and Oceans centre is presently developing. The e-guide starts with a simple introduction to living sea squirts, followed by a colour index, species index, detailed individual species pages, and finally, icon explanations and a glossary of terms. As new species are discovered and described, new species pages will be added and an updated version of this e-guide will be made available online. Each sea squirt species page illustrates and describes features that enable you to differentiate the species from each other. Species are illustrated with high quality images of the animals in life. As far as possible, we have used characters that can be seen by eye or magnifying glass, and language that is non technical.
  • Phylum: Chordata

    Phylum: Chordata

    PHYLUM: CHORDATA Authors Shirley Parker-Nance1 and Lara Atkinson2 Citation Parker-Nance S. and Atkinson LJ. 2018. Phylum Chordata In: Atkinson LJ and Sink KJ (eds) Field Guide to the Ofshore Marine Invertebrates of South Africa, Malachite Marketing and Media, Pretoria, pp. 477-490. 1 South African Environmental Observation Network, Elwandle Node, Port Elizabeth 2 South African Environmental Observation Network, Egagasini Node, Cape Town 477 Phylum: CHORDATA Subphylum: Tunicata Sea squirts and salps Urochordates, commonly known as tunicates Class Thaliacea (Salps) or sea squirts, are a subphylum of the Chordata, In contrast with ascidians, salps are free-swimming which includes all animals with dorsal, hollow in the water column. These organisms also ilter nerve cords and notochords (including humans). microscopic particles using a pharyngeal mucous At some stage in their life, all chordates have slits net. They move using jet propulsion and often at the beginning of the digestive tract (pharyngeal form long chains by budding of new individuals or slits), a dorsal nerve cord, a notochord and a post- blastozooids (asexual reproduction). These colonies, anal tail. The adult form of Urochordates does not or an aggregation of zooids, will remain together have a notochord, nerve cord or tail and are sessile, while continuing feeding, swimming, reproducing ilter-feeding marine animals. They occur as either and growing. Salps can range in size from 15-190 mm solitary or colonial organisms that ilter plankton. in length and are often colourless. These organisms Seawater is drawn into the body through a branchial can be found in both warm and cold oceans, with a siphon, into a branchial sac where food particles total of 52 known species that include South Africa are removed and collected by a thin layer of mucus within their broad distribution.