2 INTRODUCTION TO NETWORK PROTOCOLS
PROJECTS
Project 2.1 Understanding Binary Numbering, Conversion to Decimal Numbering, and Logical Operations
Project 2.2 Subnetting
Project 2.3 Examining Routing
Project 2.4 Installing and Configuring the TCP/IP Protocol
Project 2.5 Configuring Bindings
Project 2.6 Using TCP/IP Troubleshooting Tools
Project 2.7 Monitoring Network Traffic
35 36 Windows Network Administration Project Manual
Project 2.1 Understanding Binary Numbering, Conversion to Decimal Numbering, and Logical Operations Overview Understanding IP addressing is an important skill that network administrators must possess. To do so, you must first understand how binary numbering works, and how to convert from binary to decimal. This is key to being able to convert binary IP addresses into their decimal equivalents. You also need to be able to understand the basic logical operations AND, OR, and XOR. It is also nearly impossible to understand subnetting (a method of splitting an IP network address into smaller groups of IP addresses that can be used on different networks) without fully understanding these concepts. Binary is a counting system that uses only two numerals: 0 and 1. The positions in a binary number (called bits rather than digits) represent powers of 2 rather than powers of 10: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and so on. To figure the decimal value of a binary number, you multiply each bit by its corresponding power of 2 and then add the results. The decimal value of binary 11111, for example, which is 31, is calculated as follows:
1 * 20 = 1* 1 = 1 + 1 * 21 = 1* 2 = 2 + 1 * 22 = 1* 4 = 4 + 1 * 23 = 0 * 8 = 8 + 1 * 24 = 1 * 16 = 16
The table below summarizes how AND, OR, and XOR work. The first two columns of the table indicate the two values used in the process. The result of the process (AND, OR, or XOR) is indicated under their column headings. Logical Operations for Binary Values First Value Second Value AND 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
The following example shows how you would calculate 10010101 AND 11011101:
10010101 AND 11011101 Result: 10010101
Introduction to Network Protocols 37
Project 2.1 Understanding Binary Numbering, Conversion to Decimal Numbering, and Logical Operations Outcomes After completing this project, you will know how to: convert binary numbers into their decimal equivalents use basic logical operations such as AND convert binary IP addresses into their decimal equivalents What you’ll need To complete this project, you will need: the worksheet below Completion time 30 minutes Precautions None