DOCSLIB.ORG

Mapping the Animation Industry in Europe

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mapping the Animation Industry in Europe A publication of the European Audiovisual Observatory Mapping the Animation Industry in Europe Marta Jiménez Pumares Patrizia Simone Kevin Deirdre Laura Ene Julio Talavera Milla MAPPING THE ANIMATION INDUSTRY IN EUROPE © European Audiovisual Observatory (Council of Europe), Strasbourg, 2015 Director of publication - Susanne Nikoltchev, Executive Director Editorial supervision – Gilles Fontaine, Head of Department for Information on Markets and Financing Editorial team – Marta Jiménez Pumares, Patrizia Simone European Audiovisual Observatory Authors Marta Jiménez Pumares, Animation Analyst Patrizia Simone, Junior Analyst Kevin Deirdre, TV Analyst Laura Ene, Junior Analyst Julio Talavera Milla, Film Analyst European Audiovisual Observatory Disclaimers: Opinions expressed in this publication are personal and do not necessarily represent the views of the Observatory, its members or the Council of Europe . The opinions expressed in this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. Special thanks to: André Lange, Christian Grece, Martin Kanzler and Agnes Schneeberger from the Department for Information on Markets and Financing at the European Audiovisual Observatory; Patrick Eveno and Mickaël Marin from CITIA (and Géraldine Baché, Anne Jegard, Thomas Sicre); Marc Vanderweyer from CARTOON (and Christophe Erbes, Mike Robinson, David Matamoros); Paul Young (Cartoon Saloon); Luca Milano, RAI; Carlos Biern, BRB; Marc du Pontavice (Xilam); Roberto Olla and Iris Cadoux from Eurimages; Gareth Lee, Animation Skillnet; Eileen Bell, Enterprise Ireland; Bob Thompson, Film London; Diboos (C. Biern, M. Cristóbal, Á. Molinero, R. Zarauza); Draško Ivezić, Adriatic Animation; Lindsay Watson, Canuk Productions; Zofia Ścisłowska, SPPA; Tim Wescott from Animation Europe; José Luis Farias, 3D Wire; Lucy Smith, Conference Director MIPCOM & MIPTV, Director MIPJunior, MIPDoc & MIPFormats; Eva Zalve; Ajo Vadillo; Victoria Fernández Andrino. A publication of the European Audiovisual Observatory Mapping the Animation Industry in Europe Marta Jiménez Pumares Patrizia Simone Kevin Deirdre Laura Ene Julio Talavera Milla Table of contents Executive summary ............................................................................................................................ 5 Introduction and methodology .......................................................................................................... 8 1. Animation production and distribution in Europe ......................................................................10 1.1 Film production / Theatrical animation .................................................................................10 1.1.1 World ................................................................................................................................. 12 1.1.2 Europe ............................................................................................................................... 14 1.1.3 France ................................................................................................................................ 24 1.1.4 Germany ............................................................................................................................ 28 1.1.5 Italy .................................................................................................................................... 32 1.1.6 Spain .................................................................................................................................. 36 1.1.7 United Kingdom ................................................................................................................. 40 1.1.8 Other European countries ................................................................................................. 44 1.1.9 Minority co-production countries ..................................................................................... 52 1.1.10 Turkey .............................................................................................................................. 55 1.1.11 Russian Federation .......................................................................................................... 56 1.1 12 North America ................................................................................................................. 58 1.1.13 Asia .................................................................................................................................. 62 1.2 TV and VOD production and distribution ...............................................................................64 1.2.1 European linear (television) and non-linear (on-demand) audiovisual services ............... 64 1.2.2 Mapping European television ............................................................................................ 66 1.2.3 France ................................................................................................................................ 71 1.2.4 Germany ............................................................................................................................ 74 1.2.5 Italy .................................................................................................................................... 76 1.2.6 Spain .................................................................................................................................. 78 1.2.7 United Kingdom ................................................................................................................. 80 1.2.8 On-demand services .......................................................................................................... 86 2. The European animation industry in transition ..........................................................................88 2.1 Overview: A transition phase .................................................................................................89 2.2 The challenges of measuring the European animation industry ...........................................92 2.3 The impact of internet on distribution ...................................................................................95 2.4 Animation as the management of IP ....................................................................................101 2.5 Enlarging the audience .........................................................................................................104 2.6 An on-going restructuring process .......................................................................................104 3. The key role of public funding ...................................................................................................107 3.1 Public funding – direct funding ............................................................................................108 MAPPING THE ANIMATION INDUSTRY IN EUROPE 3.2 Public funding – fiscal incentives ..........................................................................................115 3.3 Public funding – mandatory investments from broadcasters ..............................................123 4. Training ......................................................................................................................................132 4.1 Types of training in animation ..............................................................................................132 4.2 Trends in education ..............................................................................................................133 5. Festivals and awards..................................................................................................................137 5.1 New trends in animation festivals ........................................................................................137 5.2 Animation awards and other success indicators ..................................................................142 Sources ...........................................................................................................................................151 4 MAPPING THE ANIMATION INDUSTRY IN EUROPE Executive summary The following are the key findings: Animation production and distribution in Europe 14.7% of European admissions go to animation films. European animation only gets 20% of the animation market in Europe. A yearly average of 50 animation films produced in Europe. Russia, the UK and France accounting for more than half of the yearly average admissions to animation in Europe between 2010 and 2014. Of the 188 new animation films on release in the European Union in 2014, 107 were produced in the EU. However, the 44 American films on release accounted for most of the box office for animation that year. UK animation – with 53.5 million admissions abroad, tops the list when it comes to admissions abroad. From a total of 301 (plus an additional 40 HD simulcasts), 217 children channels are established in the European Union by US affiliates. In terms of TV production volume, first run UK-originated animation hours amounted for 1.446 hours in 2014, putting the UK far above the other big five European countries. The proportion of European works broadcast by European children channels seems to be linked to the dynamics of each national animation industry. UK or France children channels propose a high share of national animation. The proportion of European animation also strongly varies between European VOD paltforms. US (and sometimes Japan are
Load more

Recommended publications
  • UPA : Redesigning Animation
    This document is downloaded from DR‑NTU (https://dr.ntu.edu.sg) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. UPA : redesigning animation Bottini, Cinzia 2016 Bottini, C. (2016). UPA : redesigning animation. Doctoral thesis, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. https://hdl.handle.net/10356/69065 https://doi.org/10.32657/10356/69065 Downloaded on 05 Oct 2021 20:18:45 SGT UPA: REDESIGNING ANIMATION CINZIA BOTTINI SCHOOL OF ART, DESIGN AND MEDIA 2016 UPA: REDESIGNING ANIMATION CINZIA BOTTINI School of Art, Design and Media A thesis submitted to the Nanyang Technological University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2016 “Art does not reproduce the visible; rather, it makes visible.” Paul Klee, “Creative Credo” Acknowledgments When I started my doctoral studies, I could never have imagined what a formative learning experience it would be, both professionally and personally. I owe many people a debt of gratitude for all their help throughout this long journey. I deeply thank my supervisor, Professor Heitor Capuzzo; my cosupervisor, Giannalberto Bendazzi; and Professor Vibeke Sorensen, chair of the School of Art, Design and Media at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore for showing sincere compassion and offering unwavering moral support during a personally difficult stage of this Ph.D. I am also grateful for all their suggestions, critiques and observations that guided me in this research project, as well as their dedication and patience. My gratitude goes to Tee Bosustow, who graciously
    [Show full text]
  • Aardman in Archive Exploring Digital Archival Research Through a History of Aardman Animations
    Aardman in Archive Exploring Digital Archival Research through a History of Aardman Animations Rebecca Adrian Aardman in Archive | Exploring Digital Archival Research through a History of Aardman Animations Rebecca Adrian Aardman in Archive: Exploring Digital Archival Research through a History of Aardman Animations Copyright © 2018 by Rebecca Adrian All rights reserved. Cover image: BTS19_rgb - TM &2005 DreamWorks Animation SKG and TM Aardman Animations Ltd. A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Media and Performance Studies at Utrecht University. Author Rebecca A. E. E. Adrian Student number 4117379 Thesis supervisor Judith Keilbach Second reader Frank Kessler Date 17 August 2018 Contents Acknowledgements vi Abstract vii Introduction 1 1 // Stop-Motion Animation and Aardman 4 1.1 | Lack of Histories of Stop-Motion Animation and Aardman 4 1.2 | Marketing, Glocalisation and the Success of Aardman 7 1.3 | The Influence of the British Television Landscape 10 2 // Digital Archival Research 12 2.1 | Digital Surrogates in Archival Research 12 2.2 | Authenticity versus Accessibility 13 2.3 | Expanded Excavation and Search Limitations 14 2.4 | Prestige of Substance or Form 14 2.5 | Critical Engagement 15 3 // A History of Aardman in the British Television Landscape 18 3.1 | Aardman’s Origins and Children’s TV in the 1970s 18 3.1.1 | A Changing Attitude towards Television 19 3.2 | Animated Shorts and Channel 4 in the 1980s 20 3.2.1 | Broadcasting Act 1980 20 3.2.2 | Aardman and Channel
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Design Principles in Digital Animation
    Copyright by Laura Beth Albright 2009 ABSTRACT The visual design phase in computer-animated film production includes all decisions that affect the visual look and emotional tone of the film. Within this domain is a set of choices that must be made by the designer which influence the viewer's perception of the film’s space, defined in this paper as “spatial design.” The concept of spatial design is particularly relevant in digital animation (also known as 3D or CG animation), as its production process relies on a virtual 3D environment during the generative phase but renders 2D images as a final product. Reference for spatial design decisions is found in principles of various visual arts disciplines, and this thesis seeks to organize and apply these principles specifically to digital animation production. This paper establishes a context for this study by first analyzing several short animated films that draw attention to spatial design principles by presenting the film space non-traditionally. A literature search of graphic design and cinematography principles yields a proposed toolbox of spatial design principles. Two short animated films are produced in which the story and style objectives of each film are examined, and a custom subset of tools is selected and applied based on those objectives. Finally, the use of these principles is evaluated within the context of the films produced. The two films produced have opposite stylistic objectives, and thus show two different viewpoints of applying the toolbox. Taken ii together, the two films demonstrate application and analysis of the toolbox principles, approached from opposing sides of the same system.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Film Notes by Jerry Beck
    UCLA Preserved Animation Website: HISTORICAL FILM NOTES BY JERRY BECK Theatre De Hula Hula (19--) Here is one in a long list of mystery films from the silent era. Clearly designed to be shown either in a vaudeville house or at a special exhibition requiring several musicians to accompany the action, it looks even to have had a specific score to match movements of the dancers. The film is processed in reverse to provide a negative effect that imparts an appropriate darkened-theater ambience to the proceedings. The bottom third of the picture is an animation “cycle” (a series of drawings repeated over and over) which gives a furious feel to the musicians. Most silent animation is based on wordplay and gag situations, but here the comical dance routines represent a wonderful early use of animation created for purely humorous effect. The animation itself is quite funny and charming, but those responsible for this delightful little gem probably will remain unknown. The Enchanted Drawing (1900) Cartoonist J. Stuart Blackton (1875-1941) was born in England and immigrated to the United States at the age of ten. In 1895, after a brief stint in vaudeville, Blackton became a reporter and cartoonist for the New York Evening World. A year later, Blackton was working for Thomas Edison’s film company, where he appeared on screen (as he does here) doing “Lightning Sketches” -- drawing at a rapid speed to the delight of onlookers. Inspired by Edison’s motion pictures, Blackton co-founded the Vitagraph studio to create films and distribute them to early nickelodeons.
    [Show full text]
  • Sara Daddy Writer, Children's, Preschool, 6+ Years, Animation, Live Action, Head Writer, Series Developer, Showrunner Agent: Jean Kitson - [email protected]
    Sara Daddy Writer, Children's, Preschool, 6+ years, Animation, Live Action, Head Writer, Series Developer, Showrunner Agent: Jean Kitson - [email protected] Sara is a Head Writer/Screenwriter/Development Producer with over 16 years’ experience in children’s television, working for 8 years in the BBC’s children’s department, covering both CBeebies and CBBC, and for the past 8 years as a freelance scriptwriter and developer working for a range of companies including Nickelodeon, Disney Jnr, Sprout, Netflix, The Jim Henson Company, Sesame Workshop, Penguin, Sixteen South and Cartoon Saloon. Sara has a proven track record in the development of children’s programmes, including Broadcast Award winner and BAFTA-nominated Lily’s Driftwood Bay and RTS and Kidscreen-winner, Puffin Rock. She was nominated for a Manimation Industry Excellence Award: Writing for Animation and Best Writing in a Pre-school Programme award at Dingle Animation Festival for Puffin Rock. Sara was Head Writer on ‘Claude‘ which won the Royal Television Society NI Award for Best Children’s / Animated Series, and was nominated for three awards at the Irish Animation Awards 2019 and for Best Preschool Show at the Broadcast Awards 2019. Work Current Sol Paper Owl / S4C / BBC 22′ animated special, with funding from the first YACF fund award, launched simultaneously on CITV, CITV’s VOD ITV Hub, Channel 4’s VOD service All 4, and Channel 5’s VOD My 5 on 21st December 2020. Watch it in Irish, Welsh or Scots Gaelic with English subtitles on All 4 here. Winner: Children’s Award at the Sandford St Martin Awards for excellence in religious and ethics programmes, 2021 Untitled Maramedia Lead Writer, writing 8 episodes of exciting new live-action / animated property Puffin Rock (Feature) Dog Ears Ltd / Cartoon Saloon Animated feature film in production, based on the Emmy- nominated series.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Website Delegate List 2017
    Delegate List Updated 27th August 2017 First Name Surname Company Lucy Acfield Guinness World Records Sara Acworth Zeamu Music Patrick Adam The Eggleys Lindsey Adams Daily Madness Productions Rick Adams Rick Adams Productions Folake Adigun Nickelodeon Ivan Agenjo Peekaboo Animation Metsamarja Aittokoski Sun In the Eye Productions Lisa Akhurst DNA Creative Ltd waed al ghabra Sheffield Hallam University Madawi Alahmad University of Sheffield Margret Albers Association for the Promotion of German Milly Ali Timeline Television Shazia Ali Mint Research Ltd Foz Allan Bryncoed Productions Ltd Jo Allen CBBC Ollie Alsop Serious Lunch/Eye Present Vanessa Amberleigh CBeebies Val Ames Kindle Entertainment Xiaomei An The University of Sheffiled Steven Andrew Zodiak Kids Nicola Andrews Keshet International UK Ltd Chris Andrews CA Dev Valentina Andries University of Edinburgh Tom Angell Tom Angell Ltd Laura Annis Blue Zoo Productions Laverne Antrobus Tavistock and Portman NHS Trust Rhodri ap Dyfrig S4C Will Appiah Digital Shoguns Thomas Archibald BT Ben Armstrong BBC Finn Arnesen Hasbro Studios Helen Arntsen Blue Zoo Keith Arrowsmith The Children's Media Conference Nihal Arthanayake BBC Abhi Arya Sandbox Corrina Askin Corrina Askin Films Leigh Aspin BBC Sarah Aspinall Virgin Media Martin Athanasiou I'm Hungry Studios Isabella Atkin Volunteer Tessa Atkins Small Fry Animation Lucy Atkinson BBC Jonathan Attenborough Lost My Name Ros Attille BBC Ami Aubrey The Children's Media Conference Jake Aubrey-Bentley Freelance Lauren Auty Finger Industries Tristan
    [Show full text]
  • The Uses of Animation 1
    The Uses of Animation 1 1 The Uses of Animation ANIMATION Animation is the process of making the illusion of motion and change by means of the rapid display of a sequence of static images that minimally differ from each other. The illusion—as in motion pictures in general—is thought to rely on the phi phenomenon. Animators are artists who specialize in the creation of animation. Animation can be recorded with either analogue media, a flip book, motion picture film, video tape,digital media, including formats with animated GIF, Flash animation and digital video. To display animation, a digital camera, computer, or projector are used along with new technologies that are produced. Animation creation methods include the traditional animation creation method and those involving stop motion animation of two and three-dimensional objects, paper cutouts, puppets and clay figures. Images are displayed in a rapid succession, usually 24, 25, 30, or 60 frames per second. THE MOST COMMON USES OF ANIMATION Cartoons The most common use of animation, and perhaps the origin of it, is cartoons. Cartoons appear all the time on television and the cinema and can be used for entertainment, advertising, 2 Aspects of Animation: Steps to Learn Animated Cartoons presentations and many more applications that are only limited by the imagination of the designer. The most important factor about making cartoons on a computer is reusability and flexibility. The system that will actually do the animation needs to be such that all the actions that are going to be performed can be repeated easily, without much fuss from the side of the animator.
    [Show full text]
  • Animation! [Page 8–9] 772535 293004 the TOWER 9> Playing in the Online Dark
    9 euro | SPRING 2020 MODERN TIMES REVIEW THE EUROPEAN DOCUMENTARY MAGAZINE CPH:DOX THESSALONIKI DF ONE WORLD CINÉMA DU RÉEL Copenhagen, Denmark Thessaloniki, Greece Prague, Czech Paris, France Intellectually stimulating and emotionally engaging? [page 10–11] THE PAINTER AND THE THIEF THE PAINTER HUMAN IDFF MAJORDOCS BOOKS PHOTOGRAPHY Oslo, Norway Palma, Mallorca New Big Tech, New Left Cinema The Self Portrait; Dear Mr. Picasso Animation! [page 8–9] 772535 293004 THE TOWER 9> Playing in the online dark In its more halcyon early days, nature of these interactions. ABUSE: In a radical the internet was welcomed Still, the messages and shared psychosocial experiment, into households for its utopi- (albeit blurred for us) images an possibilities. A constantly are highly disturbing, the bra- the scope of online updating trove of searchable zenness and sheer volume of child abuse in the Czech information made bound en- the approaches enough to sha- Republic is uncovered. cyclopaedia sets all but obso- ke anyone’s trust in basic hu- lete; email and social media manity to the core («potential- BY CARMEN GRAY promised to connect citizens ly triggering» is a word applied of the world, no longer seg- to films liberally these days, Caught in the Net mented into tribes by physical but if any film warrants it, it is distance, in greater cultural un- surely this one). Director Vit Klusák, Barbora derstanding. The make-up artist recog- Chalupová In the rush of enthusiasm, nises one of the men and is Czech Republic, Slovakia the old truth was suspended, chilled to witness this behav- that tools are only as enlight- iour from someone she knows, ened as their users.
    [Show full text]
  • The Finance and Production of Independent Film and Television in the UK: a Critical Introduction
    The Finance and Production of Independent Film and Television in the UK: A Critical Introduction Vital Statistics General Population: 64.1m Size: 241.9 km sq GDP: £1.9tr (€2.1tr) Film1 Market share of UK independent films in 2015: 10.5% Number of feature films produced: 201 Average visits to cinema per person per year: 2.7 Production spend per year: £1.4m (€1.6) TV2 Audience share of the main publicly-funded PSB (BBC): 72% Production spend by PSBs: £2.5bn (€3.2bn) Production spend by commercial channels (excluding sport): £350m (€387m) Time spent watching television per day: 193 minutes (3hrs 13 minutes) Introduction This chapter provides an overview of independent film and television production in the UK. Despite the unprecedented levels of convergence that characterise the digital era, the UK film and television industries remain distinct for several reasons. The film industry is small and fragmented, divided across the two opposing sources of support on which it depends: large but uncontrollable levels of ‘inward-investment’ – money invested in the UK from overseas – mainly from the US, and low levels of public subsidy. By comparison, the television industry is large and diverse, its relative stability underpinned by a long-standing infrastructure of 1 Sources: BFI 2016: 10; ‘The Box Office 2015’ [market share of UK indie films] ; BFI 2016: 6; ‘Exhibition’ [cinema visits per per person]; BFI 2016: 6; ‘Exhibition’ [average visits per person]; BFI 2016: 3; ‘Screen Sector Production’ [production spend per year]. 2 Sources: Oliver & Ohlbaum 2016: 68 [PSB audience share]; Ofcom 2015a: 3 [PSB production spend]; Ofcom 2015a: 8.
    [Show full text]
  • Recommend Me a Movie on Netflix
    Recommend Me A Movie On Netflix Sinkable and unblushing Carlin syphilized her proteolysis oba stylise and induing glamorously. Virge often brabble churlishly when glottic Teddy ironizes dependably and prefigures her shroffs. Disrespectful Gay symbolled some Montague after time-honoured Matthew separate piercingly. TV to find something clean that leaves you feeling inspired and entertained. What really resonates are forgettable comedies and try making them off attacks from me up like this glittering satire about a writer and then recommend me on a netflix movie! Make a married to. Aldous Snow, she had already become a recognizable face in American cinema. Sonic and using his immense powers for world domination. Clips are turning it on surfing, on a movie in its audience to. Or by his son embark on a movie on netflix recommend me of the actor, and outer boroughs, leslie odom jr. Where was the common cut off point for users? Urville Martin, and showing how wealth, gives the film its intended temperature and gravity so that Boseman and the rest of her band members can zip around like fireflies ambling in the summer heat. Do you want to play a game? Designing transparency into a recommendation interface can be advantageous in a few key ways. The Huffington Post, shitposts, the villain is Hannibal Lector! Matt Damon also stars as a detestable Texas ranger who tags along for the ride. She plays a woman battling depression who after being robbed finds purpose in her life. Netflix, created with unused footage from the previous film. Selena Gomez, where they were the two cool kids in their pretty square school, and what issues it could solve.
    [Show full text]
  • Studio Movie Grill Further Expands Its Movies + Meals Program with Dreamworks Animation’S How to Train Your Dragon: the Hidden World
    FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Studio Movie Grill Further Expands its Movies + Meals Program with DreamWorks Animation’s How To Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World SMG AccessTM the first and only loyalty program of its kind in movie exhibition launched in June 2018 committed to impacting one million lives through the power of film and sharing a meal. Dallas, TX – February 14, 2019: Studio Movie Grill announced that Universal Pictures has generously offered multiple screenings of DreamWorks Animation’s highly anticipated How To Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World (in theatres 2/22/19) to SMG’s non-profit partners serving children with special needs, including: • Bakersfied, CA - Exceptional Family Center/Centro de Familias Excepcionales • Duluth, GA - Spectrum • Seminole, FL - PARCs Discovery Learning Center • NW Hwy, TX - Bryan's House • Spring Valley, TX - H.E.R.O.E.S. DFW • Tyler, TX - Tyler Run for Autism • Marietta, GA – Variety, the Children’s Charity of Georgia • Chatham, IL – Variety, the Children’s Charity of Illinois • College Park, IN - Riley Children's Foundation • Pearland, TX - BACH Rehabilitation Center These screenings are offered in support of SMG AccessTM and the Movies + Meals outreach program. In keeping with its mission to open hearts and minds, one story at a time, SMG AccessTM launched nationwide in July 2018 and is the only theater-loyalty program focused on positively impacting underserved local community members. Through their purchases, alongside rewards, loyal SMG guests are able to assist SMG outreach in offering movies and meals to local non-profits and underresourced community members with the hope of harnessing the power of movies to inspire and change lives.
    [Show full text]
  • Board Membership
    Board Membership Film London wishes to appoint two new members to the Board of Film London chaired by Daniel Battsek. As the terms of two of our Trustees are coming to a close in September 2021, Film London is keen to attract three to four candidates to replace the skills and expertise these board members are bringing to our Board. We are therefore looking for outstanding candidates who have a substantial knowledge and experience at a very senior level in one or more of the following areas: Cinema Exhibition Film and TV Content Distribution / Streaming In addition, candidates should bring a strong commercial background in the creative industries across film, TV, animation and games. We strongly encourage applications from under-represented groups, including black, Asian and minority ethnic groups, and those with disabilities. About Film London Film London is the capital’s screen industries agency. We connect ideas, talent and finance to develop a pioneering creative culture in the city that delivers success in film, television, animation, games and beyond. We work to sustain, promote and develop London as a global content production hub, support the development of the city’s new and emerging filmmaking talent and invest in a diverse and rich film culture. Film London is funded by the Mayor of London, the National Lottery through the BFI, and receives significant support from Arts Council England and DIT. Film London also has a national division, the British Film Commission and co-owns Games London with Ukie. Film London is a registered charity, No. 1163968. Based at Film London, the British Film Commission is the government backed national body responsible for globally promoting the UK as the best place to produce feature films.
    [Show full text]