La Finance Peer-To-Peer Fleurit En Marge Des Banques

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La Finance Peer-To-Peer Fleurit En Marge Des Banques SHARING ECONOMY SWISSQUOTE MARS 2016 SHARING ECONOMY SWISSQUOTE MARS 2016 PRÊTS ENTRE LA FINANCE PARTICULIERS 2 Les échanges PEER-TO-PEER d’argent peer-to-peer représentent aujourd’hui 30 milliards de dollars au plan mondial. Les principaux FLEURIT EN MARGE acteurs de ce marché sont Prosper et Lending Club outre-Atlantique, ainsi que Funding Circle et Zopa au DES BANQUES Royaume-Uni. Investir dans une start-up, obtenir un crédit, transférer de « Nous jouons le rôle d’intermédiaire l’argent ou encore gérer sa fortune : ces activités se pratiquent entre le créditeur et le débiteur, explique Michael Borter, directeur de Même les petites et moyennes en- peer par ces concurrents qui pro- désormais (aussi) entre particuliers. Présentation du Cashare.ch, une plateforme suisse treprises ont commencé à recourir à posent des taux d’intérêt plus phénomène, en quatre exemples concrets. également active sur ce marché. ces plateformes. « Les banques sont avantageux, car ils savent que l’Etat Lorsque quelqu’un veut solliciter un de moins en moins prêtes à concéder viendra à leur rescousse en cas PAR JULIE ZAUGG prêt via notre site, nous vérifions des prêts aux entrepreneurs, surtout de faillite. » l’état de ses finances, nous lui at- les petits montants qui leur rap- tribuons une note entre A et C, puis portent peu », explique à ce propos Chez Lending Club, les institution- mettons son emprunt aux enchères. » Sam Ridler, de l’Association britan- nels représentent désormais 90% Le débiteur définit lui-même le nique de la finance peer-to-peer. des créditeurs. Cette plateforme a taux d’intérêt. La moyenne des taux même conclu un accord avec Citi- LEVÉE sur Cashare se situe entre 8 et 12%. Certains dénoncent toutefois un bank pour que la banque propose Le montant moyen des emprunts dévoiement du concept initial au ses prêts. « C’est terriblement inef- DE FONDS s’élève, lui, à 17’000 francs. bénéfice des gros investisseurs. ficace, s’emporte le banquier. On Lorsque le Gene- C’est le cas de cet employé d’UBS rajoute des intermédiaires au lieu 1 vois Taha Bawa, Les prêteurs sont principalement qui a publié, sous le pseudonyme d’en supprimer. » Il pense toutefois jeune entrepreneur de 25 ans, s’est motivés par les taux d’intérêt élevés Jonathan McMillan, le livre The end qu’une régulation plus intelligente mis en tête il y a deux ans de fonder sur ce type de plateformes. « A une of banking, traitant de la finance pourrait permettre de surmonter sa propre entreprise, il s’est heur- époque où certaines banques ont participative. Ce dernier s’inquiète de cet écueil. « La Grande-Bretagne té à un défi classique : la levée de commencé à pratiquer des taux voir les petits épargnants détrônés a adopté une série de lois qui ont fonds. « Pour chaque personne qui différents, nous avons eu accès négatifs, les prêts peer-to-peer repré- par des investisseurs institutionnels, permis de promouvoir la finance investit dans votre projet, trois autres en une fois à des petits investis- sentent un bon moyen de faire fruc- comme les fonds de pension ou les participative auprès des particuliers, y renoncent, se souvient-il… Ces dé- seurs, ceux prêts à mettre 10’000 ou tifier son épargne », fait remarquer hedge funds : « Les particuliers se par exemple en exonérant les prêts marches consomment énormément de 50’000 francs, que nous n’aurions Vincent Pignon, président de la Swiss font évincer de la finance peer-to- peer-to-peer d’impôts ». temps et d’énergie. » Son problème a pas pu atteindre par les canaux crowdfunding association. Le peer- depuis été résolu. Il a fondé Goodwall habituels de la levée de fonds. » to-peer lending permet en outre de – une start-up qui aide les étudiants choisir les personnes à qui l’on prête. UNE PRATIQUE À RISQUE à rejoindre l’université de leurs rêves Fondée en 2010, Investiere fait partie « On peut donner du sens à l’usage Malgré ses atouts, la finance prêts ne sont pas honorés. Cette – en recourant à une plateforme de d’un petit groupe de firmes spécia- de son épargne en soutenant l’éco- participative pose des problèmes proportion de mauvais payeurs finance participative. Dans le cas lisées dans le equity crowdfunding, nomie locale ou un projet qui nous de confiance et de sécurité, est moins élevée en Europe présent en se tournant vers le portail à l’instar d’EquityNet, OneVest et tient à cœur », ajoute-t-il. Certaines notamment dans le domaine des car les plateformes se montrent suisse Investiere.ch, qui permet à des FundersClub aux Etats-Unis, ou de plateformes se sont même spéciali- prêts. « Ces prêts ne sont pas plus précautionneuses quant à couverts par une garantie ban- la situation financière des débi- investisseurs lambda de financer des Seedrs, Crowdcube et SyndicateRoom sées dans les crédits humanitaires, caire, explique Vincent Pignon, teurs. Elle atteint tout de même start-up en échange de parts dans en Grande-Bretagne. Depuis ses comme Kiva ou Wokai qui permettent président de Swiss crowdfun- 1% chez Cashare et 0,6% chez ces entreprises. « Nous avons levé débuts, l’entreprise basée à Zoug de financer des micro-entrepreneurs ding association. Il existe donc Zopa. Certains portails offrent 700’000 francs par ce biais, sur un a conclu 34 levées de fonds, qui dans les pays en voie de développe- un vrai risque pour l’investis- des garanties supplémentaires, total de 2,1 millions, explique Taha ont permis de réunir 14 millions ment, ou GreenNote et CommonBond, seur. » Aux Etats-Unis, où de à l’instar de Darwinex, qui pro- nombreux particuliers utilisent pose une assurance couvrant Bawa. Au lieu de devoir présenter de francs, soit 400’000 francs en qui proposent d’acheter la dette le peer-to-peer pour refinancer les investissements jusqu’à notre pitch à 50 business angels moyenne par start-up. d’un étudiant. leurs dettes, entre 3 et 5% des 50’000 livres. 52 53 SHARING ECONOMY SWISSQUOTE MARS 2016 SHARING ECONOMY SWISSQUOTE MARS 2016 GESTION DE FORTUNE « La blockchain est La gestion de la dernière pièce du puzzle » 4 fortune constitue un domaine très prometteur de la finance peer-to-peer. La technologie blockchain, qui fait déjà fonctionner la monnaie Estimize, une start-up new-yorkaise, virtuelle bitcoin, va permettre à la finance collaborative de agrège les avis de ses membres sur franchir un nouveau cap. le cours de diverses actions. Cette prévision collective se révèle bien PAR LISA GANSKY souvent plus juste que celles des banques. Wikifolio, Covestor, Zulu- Trade et eToro sont autant de réseaux sociaux qui permettent aux traders de poster leurs stratégies en ligne, ans le domaine de la diaires dans les transactions signifie pour que d’autres investisseurs s’en finance collaborative, les moins de coûts de fonctionnement, inspirent. Ils reçoivent un pourcen- premières success stories ainsi que des échanges plus rapides tage des profits réalisés. Concrètement, on choisit de mettre son D emblématiques se sont et sécurisés. argent sur les stratégies des traders construites sur des plateformes de Darwinex, une société britannique qui ont la meilleure cote, comme on transfert d’argent (Transferwise), Et si elles ne réagissaient pas, les fondée en 2012, a poussé le concept achèterait une action dont le cours est de paiements (Venmo) ou encore de banques risqueraient de se retrouver plus loin encore. « Nous réunissons favorable, et Darwinex effectue la tran- prêts entre particuliers (Auxmoney). avec une « carcasse » d’activités 10’000 traders en provenance de saction. Les traders touchent 20 % des Ces plateformes peer-to-peer extrê- bancaires générant une faible marge, 35 pays sur notre plateforme, détaille profits réalisés grâce à leur matière mement réactives sont capables de pendant que des start-up futées son CEO Juan Colon. Ils sont tous en grise. A terme, le Darwinex ambitionne répondre instantanément à une explo- comme Zopa (prêts d’argent peer- TRANSFERTS compétition les uns avec les autres de regrouper les meilleures stratégies sion de la demande, là où le modèle to-peer) leur dérobent leurs meil- pour attirer l’argent des investisseurs, dans un fonds qui pourrait être vendu de marché du XXe siècle s’enlise dans Entrepreneur, consultante, leurs clients et ruinent leur modèle D’ARGENT conférencière internationale, ce qui favorise la survie des meilleurs. » comme un ETF. la lourdeur. l’Américaine Lisa Gansky est d’affaires. l’auteure du livre « The mesh : 3 La finance parti- Néanmoins, la structure et le système why the futur of business is Ainsi, début 2016, plus de 150 cipative a aussi investi le domaine de financement de ces start-up est sharing ». Elle est également banques et courtiers testaient et des paiements. Venmo, une app encore loin d’être optimal. Et c’est ici fondatrice de la plateforme intégraient déjà des partenariats CHEZ SWISSQUOTE AUSSI, L’UNION FAIT LA FORCE Instigating+Co, qui développe appartenant à PayPal, permet aux qu’entre en scène la blockchain, tech- des solutions dans le domaine reposant sur la technologie particuliers de s’envoyer de l’argent nologie dont découle le bitcoin, et qui blockchain. Notre banque en ligne favorise Aujourd’hui, nous voulons aller de l’économie collaborative. gratuitement à l’aide d’un simple offre comme avantage de supprimer l’échange de conseils entre un cran plus loin. Dès cette an- e-mail. Transferwise leur permet de ses clients. Explications de née, nous allons permettre à nos les intermédiaires dans les interac- Le plus grand risque que courent les convertir de l’argent dans une devise Paolo Buzzi, co-fondateur clients de la plateforme e-Private tions sociales et économiques. économie reposant véritablement sur entreprises opérant dans la finance étrangère en les mettant en relation et CTO.
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