Heritage

Spring/Summer 2020 Newsletter

A young girl views the Kandik Map, on loan from The Bancroft Library, at the Kwanlin Dün Cultural Centre. Credit: Douglas Joe

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YHMA NEWS & EVENTS From the Desk of the Executive Director | Lianne Maitland

I write this as the expanding online offerings, focusing on basics like weather warms up, the collections care, working on long-term projects, and hours of sunlight more. Nonetheless, they are not immune to the continue to increase economic difficulties resulting from this pandemic. each day, and we face a unique and challenging National and provincial/territorial sectoral situation as the COVID- associations, including YHMA, are working together 19 pandemic sweeps the to advocate for relief measures. If you have specific world. While essential challenges or concerns you would like to share, I workers treat patients, encourage you to contact me at 867-667-4704 or pass legislation for relief [email protected]. Credit: Emma Cumming measures, ensure In these difficult times, I hope that this newsletter access to food and other necessities, and generally proves to be both entertaining and informative. It work to keep our society functioning, many of us are includes YHMA highlights from the last six months, working from home, or perhaps are not working at as well as some interesting articles and photos from all. community members that delve into a variety of Meanwhile, heritage institutions around the globe topics. Enjoy! have closed their doors to protect both staff and visitors, but in many cases remain busy with

Our Trails Bring Us Together / Haa deiyí wóoshxh haa ła.ât / Ła ̈̀chʼi tän kwaäga dūjal du Conference

October was a busy time for YHMA, as we geared loan from the Bancroft up for and then hosted the Our Trails Bring Us Library, University of Together / Haa deiyí wóoshxh haa ła.ât / Ła ̈̀ chʼi tän California Berkeley. Many kwaäga dūjal du conference, which took place from people worked for many October 24-27, 2019. Nearly two hundred people months to make this loan came together for the weekend to explore the possible, both in the Kohklux and Kandik maps, and many other related north and at the Bancroft topics, to mark the 150th anniversary of the drawing Library. The Bancroft of the Kohklux maps. Library even undertook conservation on all the A highlight of this project was the arrival in Yukon of maps in anticipation of the original small Kohklux map and Kandik map, on the loan, which revealed the chart on which the large Kohklux map was drawn. While the logistics of bringing the large Kohklux map north prevented it from coming up as well, having the two smaller maps in the Tr’ondëk Hwëch’in Elder Gerald north again was very Isaac speaks to a group of students about the Kandik Map. exciting. Credit: Douglas Joe The maps were escorted north by Bancroft Library curator Theresa Salazar. Upon arriving at the Organizing Committee Co-Chair Linda Johnson views a reproduction of airport, Theresa, with the assistance of the chart on the back of the large Kohklux map. Credit: Douglas Joe

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YHMA NEWS & EVENTS Our Trails Bring Us Together / Haa deiyí wóoshxh haa ła.ât / Ła ̈̀chʼi tän kwaäga dūjal du Conference

Valery Monahan, Hines, a retired teacher, and Ellen Johnson led a Yukon mapping activity. Linda Johnson and Tr’ondëk Conservator, Hwëch’in Elder Gerald Isaac presented the original transported the maps to the students. In total, 84 students maps to Haines participated. Junction and installed them on That evening, the conference and exhibition were display at the Da officially opened at a well-attended public reception, Kų Cultural during which attendees were welcomed and invited Centre, where to view the maps. It was wonderful to see many local school people who were not attending the full conference children and come out to the opening. attendees at The following three days were full of many Champagne and wonderful presentations by over 50 presenters, Aishihik First focusing on everything from the maps themselves, Nation Kohklux to mapping with Indigenous place names, to trade Map Potlatch, connections, to GIS, to archival conservation. October 18-19, Organizing Committee member and CAFN citizen Tom Buzzell studies the original small could view them. On Saturday evening, we hosted a public gala to Kohklux map. Credit: Douglas Joe Also on display celebrate the 150th anniversary of the Kohklux was a special maps and the coming together of communities with travelling exhibition on the Kohklux and Kandik a connection to it and the Kandik map. The gala Maps, prepared by YHMA and it partners to mark featured a feast, as well as performances by four the anniversary and complement the conference. groups from territories represented on the maps: Consisting of pop-up banners and map Daghaalhaan K’e (Kwanlin Dün First Nation), reproductions, the exhibition is now available for Dakwäkäda Dancers (Champagne and Aishihik First loan. Rental inquiries may be sent to YHMA at Nations), Hän Singers (Tr’ondëk Hwëch’in), and [email protected]. Jilkaat Kwaan Heritage Dancers (Chilkat Indian Village, ). Attendees included conference Following their trip to Haines Junction, Theresa and participants, their family and friends, and other the maps then headed back to Whitehorse, where members of the public. It was a fantastic, lively, and the maps and exhibition were installed at the uplifting evening! Kwanlin Dün Cultural Centre (KDCC) and remained on display until the close of the conference. On October 27, two learning events took place in connection with the conference. Ern Bieman of the Canadian Heritage Information Network, one of the conference presenters, taught a digital preservation workshop. 18 attendees, including both independent heritage professionals and employees of a variety of heritage-related institutions, took part, with the Yukon Archives graciously providing the space. On the same day, four local Grade 4 classes participated in educational workshops focusing on the Kohklux and Kandik maps at the KDCC. Conference attendees view a poster presentation. Credit: Douglas Joe Classes rotated through three activities. Rhoda Merkel, who has been running school activities Many, many people helped to make this event a based on the Kohklux maps for many years, led success. Although there is not enough room here to students in a storytelling and art activity. Cathy list them all, we would like to extend our thanks. We

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YHMA NEWS & EVENTS Conference cont’d couldn’t have done it without you! We were lucky to Partners work with such amazing people and organizations.

Jilkaat Kwaan Heritage Center Funder Packer Sponsor

Traveller Sponsors

Daghaalhaan K’e performs at the gala. Credit: Douglas Joe

Culture Days 2019

From September 27-29, communities across again, the scavenger hunt was successful in celebrated Culture Days 2019. Here in the creating an opportunity for the public to engage with Yukon, Whitehorse saw people participating in over Yukon heritage through a fun, interactive activity 24 activities, including two organized by YHMA. that prompted them to get outdoors and find answers all over Whitehorse’s downtown YHMA joined forces with the neighbourhood. It was particularly rewarding to hear Old Log Church Museum to from participants about how they went out together present a talk by John Firth, as a family or group of friends to complete the hunt. entitled “The Caribou Hotel Besides searching for answers to trivia questions, and the Fine Art of History participants were also invited to snap a selfie with a Finding the Writer,” at the favourite piece of art on public display. Selfies museum on Friday afternoon. featured everything from murals and prints to Although the inspiration for sculptures and moccasins. the talk was John’s recently released book on the Caribou With nearly double the participation of our 2018 Hotel (left), he stretched scavenger hunt, it was a good thing that Elisha was much further back to able to secure some great prize donations for this describe how at many times year, allowing us to award three prize packs. over his career as an author, and during the Special thanks go to our sponsors, Angelina’s Toy development of his most recent book, history has Boutique, Baked found him. Archives and interviews of course have Café, Coast their place—a large one—in conducting research, Mountain but sometimes the most interesting tidbits come Sports, from chance encounters and remarks. The audience Murdoch’s Gem was much entertained by John’s humorous but Shop, and informative talk, and enjoyed some refreshments Yukon Built. together afterwards. And finally, Throughout the weekend, members of the public congratulations also had the chance to participate in our second to winners annual Heritage Highlights Scavenger Hunt, Myrna B., Sandy A scavenger hunt participant poses for a selfie compiled by our amazing summer student, Elisha O., and Sheila with a Richard Shorty print at the Kwanlin Dün Cultural Centre. Credit: Alison Trimble Ida, before she returned to school in the fall. Once S. Great job!

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YHMA NEWS & EVENTS | COMMUNITY CONTRIBUTIONS Heritage Day Colouring Contest

Heritage Day saw YHMA running a colouring It was a tough decision to select the winners from contest at the Yukon Sourdough Rendezvous amongst the thirty official entries! Ultimately, we Festival, organized with assistance from Boys and decided to divide entries into three age groups so Girls Club of Yukon to be part of KidsFest. The we could give out as many prizes as possible. contest was also made available online for those Congratulations to the following winners, whose who could not participate at Rendezvous. entries are shown below in the same configuration: Kids had the opportunity to colour a fun picture Ages 5 & Under Ages 6-9 Ages 10 & Up commissioned from Chris Caldwell, inspired by the 1st: Grace C. 1st: Madelyne 1st: Mali E. national Heritage Week theme, “Bringing the past 2nd: Sadie J. 2nd: Elsa B. 2nd: Danna M. into the future.” They were also asked to identify an 3rd: Wesley Y. 3rd: Samuel B. 3rd: Carter C. activity they enjoyed that their older relatives or other people they know enjoyed when they were Special thanks to our prize donors, the Old Log their age—answers ranged from eating candy to Church Museum and Parks Canada, and to building a snowman to playing board games. A Rendezvous and the Boys and Girls Club for bonus wordsearch had participants hunting for enabling us to run the contest at Rendezvous—and words related to Rendezvous and the Yukon Quest. to all the participants for joining us in celebrating Heritage Day!

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YHMA NEWS & EVENTS 2019 Yukon Heritage Awards

February 17 saw a busy evening at the Yukon The Caribou Hotel: Archives, with over 50 guests coming out to attend Hauntings, hospitality, the 2019 Annual Yukon Heritage Awards ceremony a hunter, and the and celebrate the award recipients. parrot, published in 2019, profiles the The date also marked the start of national Heritage history of the Week, with the theme of “Bringing the past into the eponymous future.” Following the opening prayer by KDFN designated Yukon Elder Diane Smith and welcoming remarks from historic site. John has Commissioner Angélique Bernard and MLA Paolo also served as a Gallina, member of the Yukon speaking Heritage Resources on behalf Board. of the Minister Helene Dobrowolsky Jeanie and Rob Ingram Dendys, (History Makers guest Award): Both Helene John says a few words after receiving speaker and Rob have been his award. Credit: Michael Gates. Dr. Laura contributing to the field of Yukon heritage since their Millar gave arrival in the territory in the 1970s. Rob became the a rousing Government of Yukon’s first Historic Sites employee and in 1979, while Helene became the first Yukon inspiring Archives researcher in its present location at Yukon address Place. Since 1988, the two have worked together as Guest speaker Dr. Laura Millar. Credit: Michael Gates. on cultural and heritage resource consultants under the archives and records in a digital age, encouraging name Midnight Arts. Their work can be found in the listeners to start managing their own records to help nominations of several Yukon historic sites, ensure future archivists are not inundated with numerous books on Yukon heritage, management unnecessary and extraneous records—for example, and interpretive plans for Yukon historic sites, deleting that photo you took of a recipe (we know interpretative you’ve done it too!). pamphlets and flyers for Congratulations to all the award winners, and heritage special thanks to the Yukon Archives, Historic Sites places Unit, and Yukon Council of Archives for making this across the event possible. territory, John Firth (Annual Heritage Award): A long-time online Yukoner and born storyteller, John combines his exhibitions, passions for writing and Yukon history by capturing and stories of interesting people, places, and events and elsewhere. sharing them in an entertaining style that is easy to As an oral read and enjoy. He is the author of several books history relating to Yukon heritage and has contributed to specialist, others. His first book, released in 1990, was Yukon Helene has Challenge: the story of the Yukon Quest, later trained republished as Yukon Quest: The 1000-mile dog numerous sled race through the Yukon and Alaska; in 1999, people in the he was awarded the Yukon Commissioner’s Award techniques in recognition of his work to preserve Yukon dog and ethics of managing mushing history and heritage. His most recent book, Helene and Rob receive their award from nominator Carol Ann Gingras (centre). Credit: Michael Gates. and carrying

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YHMA NEWS & EVENTS | COMMUNITY CONTRIBUTIONS Heritage Awards cont’d out oral history projects during numerous workshops and as a guest speaker at Yukon College. Helene and Rob’s contributions continue to grow the collective knowledge and understanding of our territory’s history. Lillian Nakamura Maguire (Helen Couch Volunteer of the Year Award): As a founding member of Hidden Histories Society Yukon, Lillian has, to date, dedicated eighteen years to the organization and its mandate to foster and increase the understanding of ethno-cultural history in the Yukon. Through the contributions of Lillian and Vuntut Gwitchin Government representative Megan Williams (Heritage others, Hidden Histories Manager) and Gwaandak Theatre co-founders Leonard Linklater and conducts research, Patti Flather display the script booklets and recording from the Ndoo produces displays, and Tr’eedyaa Gogwaandak project. Credit: Michael Gates. coordinates events that production of a series of radio plays. The plays are enlarge the representation based on long-ago and contemporary Gwich’in of diverse individuals and stories from Old Crow, which speak to the vital communities in the relationship between people and land. A total of documentation and seven radio plays, three in Gwich’in and four in interpretation of Yukon English, were developed with the active involvement history. Lillian has also of community members at all stages. The plays are served as Vice President of available as podcasts and illustrated script booklets the National Association of online at vuntutstories.ca and are free to download. Japanese Canadians, a This unique project represents an innovative, board member of the captivating way of sharing these stories with a wider Canadian Race Relations audience. Using oral traditions with a contemporary Foundation, and a founding twist, the radio plays not only entertain, educate, member of the Japanese- and enrich, but also help to preserve and revitalize Canadian Association of the the Gwich’in language. Yukon. She is a talented playwright, writer, and poet Lillian Nakamura Maguire in her own right, exploring shows off her Viola Davidson themes such as human shirt, perfect for Black History Month. Credit: Michael Gates. rights, intercultural relations, and her own family history. Lillian’s dedication to documenting, exploring, and sharing diverse stories has enriched both Hidden Histories Society Yukon, and the field of Yukon heritage as a whole. Gwaandak Theatre and Vuntut Gwitchin Government (Innovation, Education, and Community Engagement Award): Gwaandak Theatre and Vuntut Gwitchin Government’s multi- year, community-based project, Ndoo Tr’eedyaa Gogwaandak (Forward Together): Vuntut Gwitchin The 2019 Yukon Heritage Award recipients and dignitaries (L-R): Stories, celebrates Gwich’in storytelling tradition Commissioner Angélique Bernard, Patti Flather and Leonard Linklater and Indigenous language revitalization through the (Gwaandak Theatre), Lillian Nakamura Maguire, Helene Dobrowolsky, Rob Ingram, John Firth, MLA Paolo Gallina. Credit: Michael Gates.

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COMMUNITY CONTRIBUTIONS Two pieces of Whitehorse history will soon disappear | Sally Robinson

Two buildings on Ray Street behind the Yukon Inn Whitehorse. Charlie Baxter’s widow, Lucy Baxter, are about to be torn down or moved. The frame leased the seven-acre ranch to the American Army house, the little Quonset-style building next door, with the provision that the property would be and the property they sit on, have a long history in maintained in, or restored to, its original condition. Whitehorse. The lease encompassed seven acres in Lot 7 including a five-room log house with a basement, a In the early 1900s, Charlie Baxter and his wife Lucy barn, and twenty-seven double fox pens. The moved from California to Whitehorse and property was used to create a camp for contractors established a small ranch at the bottom of Two Mile working on war-time projects. Baxter’s Ranch was Hill.1 This was considered to be a long way out of 2 cleared of trees and prefabricated barracks and town at the time. Baxter became one of the best- buildings were erected.10 Quonset Huts were known hunting guides in the Yukon thanks to his 3 described in a building inventory as Butler buildings, superior advertising. He guided hunters in the reflecting the name of the supplier. The Quonset White River area starting around 1910. In 1918 he 4 Hut was modelled on the World War One Nissen took a party into the Kluane region. In the 1920s, Hut, redesigned to be more versatile and lighter to Baxter’s trips would start from Whitehorse and end ship. The last major redesign of the Quonset Hut up in the McCarthy region of Alaska. The trips came about 1943 and the Ray Street Quonset lasted two or three months and were very 5 appears to conform to its twenty-foot wide expensive. In the fall of 1925 Baxter bought ten footprint.11 pairs of foxes and the equipment to start a fur farm.6 When the Canadian government took over the lease in 1944, Mrs. Baxter was concerned with the considerable damage to the buildings and the land. The ranch house had been surrounded by a good garden that raised green feed before the American military covered it with gravel. It appears that the Canadians shelved the problem until December 1946 when some of the buildings located on Lot 7 were turned over to the Baxter Estate in lieu of property restoration.12 It is probable that the old log ranch house was destroyed between 1944 and 1946. Mrs. Baxter described it as ruined in 1944 and the 1946 property inventory does not include a log building. The frame house currently sitting next to the Quonset Hut on Ray Street partially sits on a concrete slab and was used as a laundry and wash house by the military contractors.

The Baxter property in 1948. Yukon Archives, James Y.C. Quong In 1947 Ed Barker and Irwin Ray pooled their fonds, 2006/140 #2-3-24 resources and purchased the Baxter Ranch. They He was still growing hay and irrigated his fields with and some other partners established Tourist a pipe from what is now called Spook Creek.7 Les Services, a grocery store, motel and cocktail lounge. McLaughlin remembered he and his friends renting Bruce Sung, who was leasing the Tourist Services horses at the ranch and riding down to the Yukon restaurant, bought out the partners in 1954. He River on a sunny summer day.8 Baxter Gulch and made a deal with Poole Construction in 1957 to Baxter Street are named for Charlie Baxter and the build a modern supermarket on the property. Poole was building the Whitehorse Rapids Dam at the Baxter ranch. Charlie Baxter was living on Wood 13 Street by 1923-24.9 time. The construction company received food and lodging in return for work on the Tourist Services’ During the Second World War, thousands of military complex. Sung also catered for United Keno Hill personnel and civilian workers flooded into Mines, in the current Municipal Services Building,

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COMMUNITY CONTRIBUTIONS Two pieces… cont’d Captured in Photos: 1960 Yukon and rented out some small cabins where the Yukon 14 Carol van Besouw of Calgary sent us these Inn is now. wonderful photos of the Yukon in 1960. She and her About 1970, Jerry Thick ran a bicycle repair shop in family lived on the Whitehorse air force base from the Quonset Hut and the house next door was used 1960-63. Photos courtesy of the Carruthers family. as a bunkhouse. The Hull family bought the repair business in 1971 and purchased the buildings and property eight or nine years later. By that time the house was used for storage of coke bottles and dispensing machines. Red Hull and his son Rick jacked up the larger building and replaced the rotten sills. Mr. Hull says that bicycles would be lined up for repair after a weekend and he was working fifteen hours a day, seven days a week when he finally sold the business.15 In the 1990s, Gerry and Lynda Peters bought the property and renovated the buildings in 1994 to use as a day care. Gerry found the date 1947 stamped on a timber frame in the Quonset.16 Sears catalogue sales, Whitehorse. Thanks to everyone who helped me with the history of the property and thanks to Yukon Historic Sites for sharing the archival material. Endnotes 1. Robert McCandless, Yukon Wildlife, A Social History, University of Alberta Press, 1985: 52. 2. “From Ranch to Modern Motor Hotel.” Highlights of History from The Whitehorse Star on ExploreNorth, 2020 website: http://www.explorenorth.com/yukon/hotels/tourist_services- 19691014.html. 3. Robert McCandless, Yukon Wildlife, A Social History, University of Alberta Press, 1985: 52. 4. Allen A. Wright, "Kluane" draft manuscript. Yukon Archives, MSS #83/21, pages 166, 173-4. 5. Yukon Archives, John D. Scott manuscript, “A Life in the Yukon.” 1992: 25. 6. Helene Dobrowolsky and Linda Johnson, Whitehorse: An Illustrated History. Vancouver: Figure 1 Publishing, 2013: 129. Watson Lake Signpost Forest, 1960. 7. Pat Ellis, "Where have all the army buildings gone?” Whitehorse Star, 19 October 2007. 8. Les McLaughlin, CKRW Yukon Nuggets. “Street name origins in downtown Whitehorse, Yukon. ExploreNorth 2020 website: http://www.explorenorth.com/yukon/whitehorse- street_names-downtown.html#baxter. 9. Yukon Archives, John Scott fonds 89/31 #2.) 10. Yukon Archives, Gov 1614, f 466h. 11. http://www.quonsethuts.org/huts/ 12. Yukon Archives, Gov 1614, f 466h. 13. Linda Johnson ed., At the Heart of Gold: The Yukon Commissioner’s Office 1898-2010. Legislative Assembly of the Yukon, 2012: 96-103. 14. Carole Bookless, “Benchmarks and Landmarks: A Study of the Architecture of the Capitol City 1900 – 2000.” Yukon Historic Sites, December 2001: 89. 15. Conversations with the Hulls, father and son. 16. Conversation with Gerry Peters. SS Keno at dry dock, Whitehorse, not long before its move to Dawson.

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COMMUNITY CONTRIBUTIONS Yukon Field Force Photograph | Tim Popp

I am a researcher of military and Mounted Police history, and as a collector of Canadian militaria I focus on anything related to the Yukon Territory. Sometime ago I acquired a rare Eric A. Hegg photograph of six Yukon Field Force officers at . Unfortunately, the photo is not dated but I assume that it was taken during the summer of 1898. Hegg, as well as Henry J. Woodside, Per Edvard Larss and Joseph E. N. Duclos, took many photos during the . I can say that this YFF photo has never been seen before in the many books or websites on the subject. From my research of the YFF, I have positively identified all six officers and have discovered some interesting details on each man. With more genealogical websites coming available on-line Back Row (L-R): Capt. Edward Worrel Graham Gardiner, Maj. Gilbert more and more information can be found. Lafayette Foster, Lieut. Lionel Gordon Bennet. Front Row (L-R): Maj. David Douglas Young, Capt. Charles. St Aubyn Pearse, Capt. Percival I will give a brief sketch of each officer. A more Edward Thacker. Photo author’s collection. detailed biography will be produced for a later Pearse served with the 2nd Contingent of the RCD in publication. the Anglo Boer War and was awarded the Queen’s South Africa medal. Charles died of enteric fever on Major David Douglas Young was born in 1856 in the 17th October 1900 and is buried at Pretoria, Kennoway, Scotland. Young was appointed as Transvaal. A photo of his grave headstones can be second in command of the YFF. Among his other found on the Veteran Affairs web site. Charles had duties he reviewed and censored dispatches from two older brothers who also served with the British the attached correspondent Faith Fenton of the forces. Globe newspaper. After his time with the YFF he held various staff positions within the Royal Captain Percival Edward Thacker was born on Canadian Regiment. He did not serve overseas 28th October 1873 at Bangor Wales and when his during the Anglo Boer War but did temporarily family immigrated to Canada, had formal education command the RCR as a Brevet Lieutenant Colonel in Toronto, Ontario. He graduated from Royal from February to July 1904. Young retired from the Military College in Kingston, Ont. and later was military in 1911 having reached the rank of Lieut. posted to the RCR. He served with the YFF to the Col. He was living in Kingston, Ont. on December very end when the unit left the Klondyke in June 1933 and in January 1938 it was noted in the 1900. Percival was seconded to the Anglo Boer War Regimental magazine, Pro Patria, that he was the in South Africa with the 2nd Canadian Mounted oldest living ex-officer of the Regiment. His son, Rifles earning the Queen’s South Africa medal. After David Douglas Young Jr. served during the Anglo that war he held various staff positions and later Boer War in South Africa and as well during the served with the Lord Strathcona’s Horse (Royal First World War with the Canadian Siberian Canadians) as Commanding Officer. He eventually Expeditionary Force in 1919 in Russia. rose to the rank of Major General during the First World War and was Adjutant General of the Captain Charles St. Aubyn Pearse was born on rd th Canadian Expeditionary Force. Thacker died on 23 16 March 1864 at Llangoed, Anglesey, North July 1945 and is buried at Royal Oak Cemetery, Wales. Pearse was the youngest son of Maj. Victoria, B.C. Edward Octavius Pearse, JP, DL and Jane Elizabeth Pearse. At that time they were residing at Major Edward Worrell Graham Gardiner was born Bryn Celyn Beaumaris, North Wales. Pearse served on 7th October 1854 at Cape Town, South Africa. In with the YFF to the very end when the remaining 1867, Gardiner attended Sandhurst Military College Yukon Garrison left Dawson in June 1900. Charles in England at the age of thirteen and upon

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COMMUNITY CONTRIBUTIONS Yukon Field Force Photograph cont’d graduation served with the British Royal Middlesex charge of medical services for the entire Canadian Regiment. He served in West Africa during the Army being stationed in Ottawa, Ontario. During his Ashanti War 1874 and later was made District career he was awarded many honours from Commissioner along the Gold Coast of Africa in England, France and Canada. He eventually retired 1877. In 1880, he resigned his commission, from the army in 1921. He went home to Kentville, returned to England and married. He rejoined the N.S. to his general practice that he was so British forces with the 10th Hussars and was sent to accustomed to. When his health began to fail, he India from 1880 to 1884. Upon his return, he was settled in Wolfville and died on 17th May 1940. He almost immediately sent back to Africa during the was buried in his town of birth at Kentville. Soudan War and fought during the Battles of El-Teb and Tamai. Gardiner was then seconded to Canada Foster had two children from his first marriage. His son, Harry Foster, became a Maj. Gen. during the to serve with the Canadian Forces being stationed nd th at Fort Osborne in Winnipeg, Manitoba. During the 2 WW and later commanded the 4 Canadian Division in France. Maj. Gen. Harry Foster presided North West Rebellion, he served with the Canadian nd militia forces at Yorkton, North West Territories over the very first war crimes trial for the 2 WW (Saskatchewan). With the end of the rebellion, dealing with German SS General Kurt Meyer, who Gardiner returned to Fort Osborne and became was responsible for the murder of 145 Canadian good friends with Major Thomas Dixon Evans. Later soldiers during the Battle of Normandy. while serving with the Yukon Field Force he was Lieutenant Lionel Gordon Bennet was born 10th made Adjutant for the unit. He was back at Fort October 1875 at Collingwood, Ontario. Bennet Osborne by early 1900 and might have made an having been privately tutored entered Royal Military effort to serve during the Anglo Boer War. But with College in 1893 and graduated four years later. He his family now five daughters and a son, it was likely was appointed to the YFF and by some accounts time to settle down. He continued to serve in staffing was very strict with the enlisted men. When the YFF capacity at military district headquarters until his th was reduced by over half, Bennet resigned his death. On 20 April 1904, Gardiner passed away at commission in November 1899 and began Fort Osborne Barracks, he was 49 years old. employment with the Gold and Survey Departments Gardiner was interned in the St. John’s Cathedral of the Department of the Interior in . cemetery. His headstone is in a state of disrepair Bennet was employed with this department from having succumbed to the weather, harsh elements 1900 to 1911. Bennet then practiced law and was and neglect. admitted to the legal bar for the Yukon Territory in Major Gilbert Lafayette Foster was born on 29th July 1912. Although he did not enlist immediately at May 1874 at Kingston, Nova Scotia. CEF, Maj. the outbreak of the war in 1914, Bennet enlisted in the CEF as a private in the Yukon Infantry Company Gen., CB, Kt. St. J., CM, F.R.C.S., LL.D., Director nd General Medical Services O.M.F.C. Foster was on 22 September 1916. Because he was former educated at Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia RMC graduate and trained as an artillery officer he and graduated with his medical degree from the was almost immediately released. He re-enlisted on 15th November 1916 and commissioned with the New York Medical College obtaining his medical th degree and master of surgery at the University of 68 Battalion, Canadian Field Artillery. Bennet did New York in 1896. By August 1897 Foster had serve in France by September 1918 enough to see joined the militia and in 1898 was named as medical some of the heaviest fighting of the war. After officer for the YFF. After leaving the Klondike in demobilizing from the army in April 1920, Bennet settled in Brooklyn, N.S. and took up farming. He 1899, he returned to Canning, Nova Scotia to th general practice and likely served with a local militia was admitted to the bar in Nova Scotia on the 12 st January 1922 and practiced law. He died there on unit. When the 1 WW was declared, Foster th enlisted with the CEF and was made the assistant 12 February 1947 of congestive heart failure. director of medical services. With several Bennet was buried at the Maplewood Cemetery, in promotions by 1917, Foster was the Director of Windsor, N.S. Medical Services for the entire CEF with the rank of If any readers wish to discuss or add any comments Major General. Upon his return to Canada after the about this article, Tim would be happy to hear from cessation of hostilities in 1918, Foster was put in them. He can be reached at [email protected].

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