2020(58) Oct.Pdf

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

2020(58) Oct.Pdf CHESTERFIELD WFA Newsletter and Magazine issue 58 Co- Patrons -Sir Hew Strachan & Prof. Peter Simkins Welcome to Issue 58 - the President - Professor Gary Sheffield October 2020 Newsletter and MA PhD FRHistS FRSA Magazine of Chesterfield WFA. Vice-Presidents Andre Colliot In view of the current public health Professor John Bourne BA PhD FRHistS pandemic engulfing the globe, your The Burgomaster of Ypres committee took the prudent The Mayor of Albert decision, before the introduction of Lt-Col Graham Parker OBE Government legislation, to cancel until Christopher Pugsley FRHistS further notice our monthly meetings. Lord Richard Dannat GCB CBE MC DL Roger Lee PhD jssc Meetings and other activities will be Dr Jack Sheldon restarted as and when the authorities Branch contacts deem it safe for us to do so. Tony Bolton (Chairman) In the interim this Newsletter / Magazine will [email protected] continue Mark Macartney (Deputy Chairman) We would urge all our members to adopt all the [email protected] Jane Lovatt (Treasurer) government`s regulations that way we can keep safe and Grant Cullen (Secretary) hopefully this crisis will be controlled, the virus defeated, [email protected] and a degree of normality restored. Facebook http://www.facebook.com/groups/15 Stay safe everybody – we are all – in the meantime - 7662657604082/ `Confined to Barracks` Grant Cullen – Branch Secretary - 1 - Western Front Association Chesterfield Branch – Meetings 2020 Meetings start at 7.30pm and take place at the Labour Club, Unity House, Saltergate, Chesterfield S40 1NF January 7th . AGM and Members Night – presentations by Jane Ainsworth, Ed Fordham, Judith Reece, Edwin Astill and Alan Atkinson February 4th Graham Kemp `The Impact of the economic blockage of Germany AFTER the armistice and how it led to WW2` March 3rd Peter Hart Après la Guerre Post-war blues, demobilisation and a home fit for very few. April 7th Andy Rawson Tea Pots to Tin Lids…how the factory which inspired his research (Dixons) switched from making tea services for hotels and cruise ships to making Brodie helmets in the Great War. CANCELLED May Nick Baker . The British Army has always fought a long battle with 5th the debilitations cause to its soldier’s efficiency through venereal disease, a combination of behavioural change and civilian interference resulted in an ‘epidemic’ of VD which threatened military effectiveness.CANCELLED June 2nd Rob Thompson 'The Gun Machine: A Case Study of the Industrialisation of Battle during the Flanders Campaign, 1917.CANCELLED July 6th Virtual Meeting….On Line. Tony Davies entitled `The Knutsford Lads Who Never Came Home`. Jointly with Lincoln and North Lincs WFA .Fullest details of how to participate elsewhere in this newsletter August 5th Virtual Meeting – On Line . Beth Griffiths ` The Experience of the Disabled Soldiers Returning After WWI`. Details of how to join in this meeting elsewhere in this Newsletter. Starts at 7pm September John Taylor. ‘A Prelude to War’ (An Archduke’s Visit) – a classic and true 1st tale of `what if` ? Cancelled October Virtual Meeting – On Line Peter Harris Tanks in the 100 Days. 6th Peter will present some of his researches for his Wolverhampton MA course. Details of how to join in this `meeting` elsewhere in this newsletter. Starts 7pm. November 3rd Paul Handford Women Ambulance Drivers on the Western Front 1914 – 1918. December John Beech 'Notts Battery RHA - Nottinghamshire Forgotten Gunners' 1st - 2 - Issue 58 – list of contents 2 Meetings and Speakers Calendar 3 Contents Page + Virtual Meeting details + Worksop Tank 4 Secretary`s Scribbles + Virtual Meeting Details 5 - 8 Branded Goods Update 9 – 13 Re-Dedication of War Memorial Pillar, St. Mary`s Barnsley 14 – 16 Military Ambulance Trains – part 7 17 – 26 A Disastrous Decision – The Tsar as Leader 27 – 40 Enemy Aliens in Britain in The Great War – part 3 41 Autumn News – Friends of Spital Cemetery Chesterfield NEXT WFA ZOOM MEETINGS (all Mondays) Follow these links for registering 5 October Tea Pots to Tin Lids by Andrew Rawson http://www.westernfrontassociation.com/events/online-tea-pots-to-tin-lids-by-andrew-rawson/ 12 October The Indian Labour Corps by Pratap Chhetri http://www.westernfrontassociation.com/events/online-the-indian-labour-corps-by-pratap-chhetri/ 19 October Talbot House during the Great War by Simon Louagie http://www.westernfrontassociation.com/events/online-talbot-house-during-the-great-war-by-simon- louagie/ 26 October The 48th (South Midland): A very ordinary division? By Bill Mitchinson http://www.westernfrontassociation.com/events/online-talbot-house-during-the-great-war-by-simon- louagie/ 5 - 3 - Secretary`s Scribbles Welcome to issue 58 of the WFA Chesterfield Branch Newsletter and Magazine. Well another month passes and we are now in (partial) lockdown (again). I think there was an assumption by many that by now the coronavirus would be becoming a bad memory, sadly not. It will be around for the foreseeable future even if/when a vaccine becomes available. Many of a certain age get the standard `flu vaccine (personally, I don`t) but it`s not 100% effective and has to be given annually. Time will tell. With `live` meetings` still way off in the future. Usually by now I am well on the way to organising the speaker programme for the next year, but currently it is a case of `wait and see`. Thanks to Jane Ainsworth in this Newsletter we have an excellent report on the Re-Dedication of the War Memorial Pillar at Barnsley St. Mary`s Church As mentioned below Peter Harris – a regular (with his good lady) at our Branch Meetings, has agreed to make his presentation – he was our scheduled speaker for the October Meeting – via the Demio virtual platform. Thanks Peter, it keeps communication and interest open with branch members and friends. Peter Harris is a consulting Civil and Structural engineer specialising in tunnelling and has been a wargamer for 50 years. His interest in family and military history led to him studying for an MA degree in the History of Britain and the First World War at Wolverhampton University which he completed in January. His dissertation was on the experiences of the BEF Tank Corps in the Hundred Days Campaign of 1918. He and his wife Caroline are members of the Chesterfield branch of the WFA. TITLE OF TALK on 6 OCTOBER 2020. The Tank Corps in the Hundred Days Campaign 1918. Here is the link to get you `into` the meeting on Tuesday https://my.demio.com/ref/sTs3L2VM4VAuF9Z7 Grant Cullen – Branch Secretary 07824628638 [email protected] Any opinions expressed in this Newsletter /Magazine are not necessarily those of the Western Front Association, Chesterfield Branch, in particular, or the Western Front Association in general - 4 - BRANDED GOODS NEWS WFA 2021 Calendars Because of the Covid 19 Situation and Government Regulations we realise that the sale of Calendars is a bit later this year and to this end as most Branches are as yet not holding meetings we will NOT be automatically sending out 10 calendars to Branches, The situation will be monitored regularly, so as it stands at the moment once the calendars are available the only purchase option will be to buy on line or phone Sarah at the Office, Calendars are now available. WFA 40th Anniversary Coaster To celebrate the WFA's 40th anniversary, we have produced a 'special edition' coaster. The coasters are 4" in diameter and made of handcrafted slate. They are individually polished, screen printed by hand and backed by a baize to avoid damage to surfaces. These are selling so well that we had to order a second batch. If you would like a new 'WFA' Anniversary Coaster, please order through Website or ring Sarah at Head Office - 5 - WFA Mousemats We have recently produced a mousemat which is currently selling so well that we've had to order a second batch. If you would like a new 'WFA' mousemat, please order through Website or ring Sarah at Head Office, Info on all Branded goods (Including those mentioned above Regarding the Covid-19 pandemic and notified members of the situation that we are doing our best to supply the service that we can within the Governments quidelines Accepted Orders are: Clothing; These are supplied direct from the Manufacturer (Check Website for Ordering Details) Orders on the following items will be accepted as normal as these can be dispatched via Royal Mail Letter Box Bookmarks Baseball Caps WFA Classic Ties Lapel Badges WFA Coasters (Special Edition) Mousemats DVD's (Individual -not sets) The following items will be dispatched on a weekly basis (Dispatched from a RoyalMail Drop off Box) WFA Mugs Messenger Bags & Shoulder Bags, - 6 - The following items will not be available until further notice: DVD (sets) Binders (Stand To and Bulletin) No Orders will be accepted on these items until the situation is improved, The current thinking is that as such this is likely to endure through to the summer. Apologies for any inconvenience - 7 - The Eshop on the Website has been updated. The link to the Website is here http://www.westernfrontassociation.com/shop/ - 8 - Rededication of the War Memorial Pillar St Mary’s Barnsley 18 September 2020 Restoration of the Memorial Pillar and two wall plaques was enabled by grants from the War Memorials Trust, South Yorkshire Community Foundation (Barnsley – Y&L Fund) & Barnsley Council, various donations and support from Friends of St Mary’s. It is wonderful for us to be able to meet in St Mary the Virgin Parish Church today for the rededication of the War Memorial Pillar, erected to honour people of Barnsley who fell during the Great War 1914 - 18. Listed amongst the names of far too many men is one woman: Dorothy Fox.
Recommended publications
  • Aleksandr Sergeevich Lukomskii Papers
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt9d5nc6t9 No online items Register of the Aleksandr Sergeevich Lukomskii Papers Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-6010 Phone: (650) 723-3563 Fax: (650) 725-3445 Email: [email protected] © 2003 Hoover Institution Archives. All rights reserved. Register of the Aleksandr 75008 1 Sergeevich Lukomskii Papers Register of the Aleksandr Sergeevich Lukomskii Papers Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University Stanford, California Contact Information Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-6010 Phone: (650) 723-3563 Fax: (650) 725-3445 Email: [email protected] Prepared by: Date Completed: Encoded by: ByteManagers using OAC finding aid conversion service specifications © 2003 Hoover Institution Archives. All rights reserved. Descriptive Summary Title: Aleksandr Sergeevich Lukomskii papers, Date (inclusive): 1914-1939 Collection number: 75008 Creator: Lukomskii, Aleksandr Sergeevich Extent: 4 manuscript boxes, 1 envelope(1.7 linear feet) Repository: Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace Stanford, California 94305-6010 Abstract: Correspondence, memoranda, reports, writings, notes, and printed matter, relating to Russian military operations during World War I, and to the Russian Civil War. Also available on microfilm (5 reels). Physical Location: Hoover Institution Archives Language: Russian. Access Collection is open for research. Publication Rights For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Origins of the First World War
    The Russian Origins of the First World War The Russian Origins of the First World War Sean McMeekin The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts • London, Eng land 2011 Copyright © 2011 by Sean McMeekin All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in- Publication Data McMeekin, Sean, 1974– The Russian origins of the First World War / Sean McMeekin. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-674-06210-8 (alk. paper) 1. World War, 1914–1918—Causes. 2. World War, 1914–1918—Russia. 3. Russia—Foreign relations—1894–1917. 4. Imperialism—History— 20th century. 5. World War, 1914–1918—Campaigns—Eastern Front. 6. World War, 1914–1918—Campaigns—Middle East. I. Title. D514.M35 2011 940.3'11—dc23 2011031427 For Ayla Contents Abbreviations ix Author’s Note xi Introduction: History from the Deep Freeze 1 1. The Strategic Imperative in 1914 6 2. It Takes Two to Tango: The July Crisis 41 3. Russia’s War: The Opening Round 76 4. Turkey’s Turn 98 5. The Russians and Gallipoli 115 6. Russia and the Armenians 141 7. The Russians in Persia 175 8. Partitioning the Ottoman Empire 194 9. 1917: The Tsarist Empire at Its Zenith 214 Conclusion: The October Revolution and Historical Amnesia 234 Notes 245 Bibliography 289 Acknowledgments 303 Index 307 Maps The Russian Empire on the Eve of World War I 8 The Polish Salient 18 The Peacetime Deployment of Russia’s Army Corps 20 The Initial Mobilization Pattern on the Eastern Front 83 Russian Claims on Austrian and German Territory 91 “The Straits,” and Russian Claims on Them 132 Russia and the Armenians 167 Persia and the Caucasian Front 187 The Partition of the Ottoman Empire 206 The Eastern Front 219 Abbreviations ATASE Askeri Tarih ve Stratejik Etüt Başkanlığı Arşivi (Archive of the Turkish Gen- eral Staff).
    [Show full text]
  • Glantz Vol III Book 1 LATEST.Indd
    © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press. Contents List of Maps, Tables, and Illustrations ix Preface xv Selected Abbreviations xxi Part I. Soviet Strategic Planning 1. Framework for Disaster 3 Frustration 3 The Wehrmacht in November 1942 8 German Field Commanders 11 The Red Army in November 1942 12 Soviet Field Commanders 15 2. Soviet Strategic Planning: The Genesis of Plan Uranus 20 Who Formulated Plan Uranus? The Historical Debate 20 Competing Offensive Concepts 23 Triumph of the “Different Solution,” 1–13 October 31 Plan Uranus Takes Shape, 14–31 October 38 Final Preparations, 1–18 November 41 Reflections 50 3. Gathering the Troops: Soviet Order of Battle and the Uranus Plan 55 Regrouping Forces for the Counteroffensive 55 Soviet Order of Battle 58 The Uranus Plan 79 Front and Army Plans 93 4. The Balance of Opposing Forces on 18 November 127 Soviet Forces 127 Axis Forces and Defenses 131 The Correlation of Opposing Forces 165 Part II. The Uranus Counteroffensive 5. The Penetration Battle, 19–20 November 185 Preliminaries 185 © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press. viii Contents The Southwestern and Don Fronts’ Offensive, 19–20 November 192 The Stalingrad Front’s Offensive, 20 November 248 6. The Encirclement Closes, 21–23 November 268 German Dilemmas on 21 November 268 The Southwestern and Don Fronts’ Offensive, 21 November 271 The Stalingrad Front’s Offensive, 21 November 288 The Southwestern and Don Fronts’ Offensive, 22 November 299 The Stalingrad Front’s Offensive, 22 November 323 The Southwestern and Don Fronts’ Offensive, 23 November 337 The Stalingrad Front’s Offensive, 23 November 358 The Situation Late on 23 November 369 German Dilemmas on 23 November 371 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Soviet Blitzkrieg: the Battle for White Russia, 1944
    EXCERPTED FROM Soviet Blitzkrieg: The Battle for White Russia, 1944 Walter S. Dunn, Jr. Copyright © 2000 ISBNs: 978-1-55587-880-1 hc 978-1-62637-976-3 pb 1800 30th Street, Suite 314 Boulder, CO 80301 USA telephone 303.444.6684 fax 303.444.0824 This excerpt was downloaded from the Lynne Rienner Publishers website www.rienner.com D-FM 11/29/06 5:06 PM Page vii CONTENTS List of Illustrations ix Preface xi Introduction 1 1 The Strategic Position 17 2 Comparison of German and Soviet Units 35 3 Rebuilding the Red Army and the German Army 53 4 The Production Battle 71 5 The Northern Shoulder 83 6 Vitebsk 95 7 Bogushevsk 117 8 Orsha 139 9 Mogilev 163 10 Bobruysk 181 11 The Southern Shoulder 207 12 Conclusion 221 Appendix: Red Army Reserves 233 Bibliography 237 Index 241 About the Book 249 vii D-Intro 11/29/06 5:08 PM Page 1 INTRODUCTION he Battle for White Russia erupted south of Vitebsk on the T morning of 22 June 1944, when Russian artillery began a thun- dering barrage of over a thousand guns, mortars, and rockets that blasted away for 2 hours and 20 minutes in an 18-kilometer-long sec- tor. At the same time a Soviet fighter corps, two bomber divisions, and a ground attack division pummeled the bunkers of General Pfeiffer’s VI Corps with bombs and strafed any foolhardy German troops in the trenches with machine gun fire. The sheer weight of explosives that rained down on the German dugouts and bunkers paralyzed the defenders, especially the new replacements who had arrived during the previous few months.
    [Show full text]
  • Not a Step Back by Leanne Crain
    University of Hawai‘i at Hilo HOHONU 2016 Vol. 14 The beginning of the war in Russia came as a Not a Step Back surprise to the Soviet government, even though they Leanne Crain had been repeatedly warned by other countries that History 435 Nazi Germany was planning an attack on Russia, and nearly the entire first year of the German advance into Russia was met with disorganization and reactionary planning. Hitler, and indeed, most of the top military minds in Germany, had every right to feel confident in their troops. The Germans had swept across Europe, not meeting a single failure aside from the stubborn refusal of the British to cease any hostilities, and they had seen how the Soviets had failed spectacularly in their rushed invasion of Finland in the winter of 1939. The Germans had the utmost faith in their army and the success of their blitzkrieg strategy against their enemies further bolstered that faith as the Germans moved inexorably through the Ukraine and into Russian territory nearly uncontested. The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact had kept Germany safe from any attack from Russia, “Such talk [of retreat] is lying and harmful, it weakens but Hitler had already planned for the eventuality of us and strengthens the enemy, because if there is no end invading Russia with Operation Barbarossa. Hitler was to the retreat, we will be left with no bread, no fuel, no convinced that the communist regime was on the verge metals, no raw materials, no enterprises, no factories, of collapse, and that the oppressed people under Stalin and no railways.
    [Show full text]
  • Alekseyev, Mikhail Vasilʹevich | International Encyclopedia of The
    Version 1.0 | Last updated 20 July 2021 Alekseyev, Mikhail Vasilʹevich By Sofya Anisimova Alekseyev, Mikhail Vassilievich (General Alekseyev, Mikhail Alekseyev) Russian general Born 15 November 1857 in Vyazma, Russia Died 08 October 1918 in Ekaterinodar, Russia Mikhail Alekseyev was a Russian general who was the chief of staff of the general headquarters (Stavka) of the Russian army from August 1915 until May 1917. Yet, the military contribution of this capable strategist remains largely under- researched, overshadowed by his participation in the February Revolution and early stages of the Civil War in Russia. Table of Contents 1 Early Career 2 First World War Career 3 February Revolution and After 4 Role and Significance Notes Selected Bibliography Citation Early Career Mikhail Vassilievich Alekseyev (1857-1918) was born into the family of an infantry officer of humble origins.[1] He started his military career as a volunteer in 1873. He later went on to become a junior officer in 1876 in the 64th Kazansky infantry regiment, with which he took part in Russo-Turkish War in 1877-1878. In 1890 he graduated from the academy of general staff, first in his class. He received an appointment at the general staff and remained in St. Petersburg. Along with his staff service, he also taught Russian military history at the academy in 1890-1904. His former students noticed that he was not a great lecturer, but good at giving practical lessons in the field. Despite later developing as a strategist and theoretician, little is known about Alekseyev’s time in the academy as he did not publish much of his work.
    [Show full text]
  • The Russian Army and the Conduct of Operations in 1914
    British Journal for Military History, Volume 2, Issue 2, February 2016 The Russian Army and the Conduct of Operations in 1914 STEPHEN WALSH Royal Military Academy Sandhurst Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT The scale of the fighting on the Eastern Front in 1914 is reasonably familiar but the Russian campaign of 1914, apart from Tannenberg, is poorly understood. The Russian Army’s military strategy, the choices it made, what it was trying to achieve, why and how, are not well known. This article will analyse Russian strategy and operations in a thematic rather than narrative manner, placing the Russian conduct of operations in the context of Russian military thinking at the time. It will argue that the relative importance of the East Prussian and Galician Operations has been misunderstood, especially the Russian operations in northern Galicia. In late August 1914, the Russian Army faced strategic catastrophe on the entire Eastern Front, not because of events in East Prussia, but in northern Galicia where the chronic lack of correlation between ends and means in Russian military strategy became acute. The Russian high command’s desire to launch a third operation into eastern Germany, in August 1914, distorted Russian strategy to the point where the Russian Army flirted with catastrophe in northern Galicia, a brush with disaster that rescued Russian strategy from its own illusions, enabling them to defeat the Austrians and force the German Army into a sustained two- front war. ‘The history of the campaign of 1914 is nothing else but the story of the consequences of the strategical errors of the War Plan’1 On 31 July 1914, Tsar Nicholas II authorised the mobilisation of the Russian Army, a defining moment2 in the sequence of events that began the First World War, a war 1 N.N.
    [Show full text]
  • Reform, Foreign Technology, and Leadership in the Russian Imperial and Soviet Navies, 1881–1941
    REFORM, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, AND LEADERSHIP IN THE RUSSIAN IMPERIAL AND SOVIET NAVIES, 1881–1941 by TONY EUGENE DEMCHAK B.A., University of Dayton, 2005 M.A., University of Illinois, 2007 AN ABSTRACT OF A DISSERTATION submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of History College of Arts and Sciences KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2016 Abstract This dissertation examines the shifting patterns of naval reform and the implementation of foreign technology in the Russian Empire and Soviet Union from Alexander III’s ascension to the Imperial throne in 1881 up to the outset of Operation Barbarossa in 1941. During this period, neither the Russian Imperial Fleet nor the Red Navy had a coherent, overall strategic plan. Instead, the expansion and modernization of the fleet was left largely to the whims of the ruler or his chosen representative. The Russian Imperial period, prior to the Russo-Japanese War, was characterized by the overbearing influence of General Admiral Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich, who haphazardly directed acquisition efforts and systematically opposed efforts to deal with the potential threat that Japan posed. The Russo-Japanese War and subsequent downfall of the Grand Duke forced Emperor Nicholas II to assert his own opinions, which vacillated between a coastal defense navy and a powerful battleship-centered navy superior to the one at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean. In the Soviet era, the dominant trend was benign neglect, as the Red Navy enjoyed relative autonomy for most of the 1920s, even as the Kronstadt Rebellion of 1921 ended the Red Navy’s independence from the Red Army.
    [Show full text]
  • Leadership at the Operational Level: Canadian Doctrine and a Soviet
    LEADERSHIP AT THE OPERATIONAL LEVEL:CANADIAN MILITARY HISTORY DOCTRINE ANDASOVIET CASESTUDY Associated Press 9504220378 Muscovites are dwarfed by this giant image of Marshal Zhukov hanging from the Lenin Library, 22 April 1995. by Hugues Canuel Introduction upon the post-Cold-War experience, but they equally reflect the long tradition of Canadian military service in the ore than 15 years have passed since the fall of the framework of the major conflicts of the 20th Century.3 MBerlin Wall. The Canadian Forces (CF) is continuing Furthermore, and given the fundamental nature of the to adapt to the complexities of the post-Cold-War era. underlying principles, the authors of the new leadership As much in Canada as in the rest of the Western world, doctrine have accepted the challenge of elaborating the ‘peace dividends’ were achieved at the same time as the upon a theory applicable to all levels of command – strategic, ‘New World Order’ sank into instability. The 1990s were operational, and tactical – for all ongoing operations difficult years for Canadian military personnel. While conducted by units deployed overseas, as well as for those suffering stringent reductions to their budgets, as well tasked with the smooth running of activities at home, in as to their actual numbers, there was a concurrent and both line and staff positions.4 unexpected increase in overseas military operations. The difficulties that were encountered during some of these deployments, as well as several disciplinary incidents that took place in Canada, attained such notoriety that Commander Hugues Canuel is the Executive Assistant to the Chief Canadian authorities saw fit to effect a robust turnaround.1 of the Maritime Staff at National Defence Headquarters, Ottawa.
    [Show full text]
  • How Did the Red Army of the Soviet Union So Fiercely and Victoriously
    The Story behind the Battle: How did the Red Army of the Soviet Union so fiercely and victoriously defend Stalingrad in 1942-43 despite the lack of trained officers, equipment, preparation, and morale in 1941? Carol Ann Taylor Student No. 30620882 Thesis for Honours Degree of Bachelor of Arts in History School of Social Sciences and Humanities Murdoch University 2012 This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Bachelor of Arts in History with Honours at Murdoch University, 2 November 2012 I declare that this thesis is a true account of my own work, unless indicated Signed: Carol Ann Taylor Date: 2 November 2012 Copyright Acknowledgement Form I acknowledge that a copy of this thesis will be held at Murdoch University Library. I understand that, under the provisions s51.2 of the Copyright Act 1968, all or part of this thesis may be copied without infringement of copyright where such a reproduction is for the purpose of study, and research. This statement does not signal any transfer of copyright away from the author. Signed: ................................................................................................ Full Name of Degree: Bachelor of Arts with Honours in History Thesis Title: The Story behind the Battle: How did the Red Army of the Soviet Union so fiercely and victoriously defend Stalingrad in 1942-43 despite the lack of trained officers, equipment, preparation, and morale in 1941? Author: Carol Ann Taylor Year: 2002 Abstract The victory over Axis forces by the Red Army during the Battle of Stalingrad in 1942-1943 is considered one of the major turning points of World War Two.
    [Show full text]
  • The Battle of Stalingrad
    The Battle of Stalingrad: The Turning Point on the Eastern Front in WWII F. Courtney Lockwood Senior Thesis 1 Contents List of Maps 3 Introduction: Setting The Stage 5 The Battle Part 1: September-November 1942 13 The Battle Part 2: November 1942-late January 1943 21 Surrender and the March into Captivity 42 National Myth: Propaganda, Vergeltung, Total War 50 The Shockwave of Stalingrad: Psychological Shift, German Morale, Shortcomings of German High Command 60 Conclusion: Russian Agency and the Legacy of Stalingrad 74 2 List of Maps German Invasion of Soviet Union 1941-1942 4 Operation Blau 9 German Advance on Stalingrad, Autumn 1942 14 Operation Uranus 21 Manstein’s Breakout Attempt/Operation Winter Storm 31 Operation Ring 38 3 ‘German Invasion of Soviet Union 1941-1942’ Source: after map in Showalter, D. (2009) Hitler’s Panzers, p. 2 4 Introduction: Setting the Stage The rise and fall of the Third Reich continues to fascinate and confuse historians today. In particular the war against Russia not only was a monumental undertaking for the Nazi State in terms of economic and military resources, but also the invasion included an inherent all or nothing attitude for the future of National Socialism. Russia tempted Germany with land, natural resources, and possibly an end to Bolshevism and Judaism. Southern Russia looked particularly ripe for Hitler as he focused on gaining control of the lucrative grain and oilfields in the Caucuses. A total victory in Russia also spelled out the demise of the Jews and Communists, as Hitler believed Judaism and Bolshevism were intertwined and the extermination of both would allow the Aryan race and ethnic Germans to assert their supremacy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Great Patriotic War of the Soviet People 1941 - 1945
    The Great Patriotic War of the Soviet People 1941 - 1945 Stanford Overseas Studies, Fall 2007 http://milresource.ru Igor Popov October 2007 Marshal Zhukov http://milresource.ru Igor Popov October 2007 Invincible Marshal Georgy Zhukov (1896 – 1974) • Joined the Imperial Russian Army during WW I • Commander of the Red Army Cossack cavalry unit during the Civil war • Soviet-Japanese military clash in Mongolia, 1939 • 1941: Chief of General Staff of the Red Army • 1941: organized the defense of Leningrad • 1941: directed the defense and counter offensive at Moscow http://milresource.ru • 1942: organized Igor Popov defense and counter October 2007 offense at Stalingrad Invincible Marshal Georgy Zhukov (1896 – 1974) - Continue • 1943: in charge of Soviet troops at Kursk. Became Marshal of the Soviet Union. • 1944: organized liberation of Ukraine and Byelorussia. • 1945: Commander, 1st Belorussian Front, during the battle for Berlin • May 8, 1945: represented the USSR during the ceremony of German formal surrender and signed the Act of Unconditional Surrender of Germany. • The Soviet member of the Allied Control Council for Germany. • Commander of the Soviet occupation force in Germany after the war. • June 24, 1945: commanded the Victory parade in Moscow. http://milresource.ru Igor Popov October 2007 Marshal Zhukov: the Fall • Soon after the war – March 1946 - Zhukov was removed by Stalin from the center of the military scene. • After Stalin’s death (1953), Zhukov arrested Beria (the head of NKVD, later known as KGB) and saved Russia from a new wave of terror and Gulags. • 1955-1957 Minister of Defense. • But a new Soviet leader Khrushchev was no less suspicious of Zhukov.
    [Show full text]