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Raman Spectroscopy of Efflorescent
ASTROBIOLOGY Volume 13, Number 3, 2013 ª Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/ast.2012.0908 Raman Spectroscopy of Efflorescent Sulfate Salts from Iron Mountain Mine Superfund Site, California Pablo Sobron1 and Charles N. Alpers2 Abstract The Iron Mountain Mine Superfund Site near Redding, California, is a massive sulfide ore deposit that was mined for iron, silver, gold, copper, zinc, and pyrite intermittently for nearly 100 years. As a result, both water and air reached the sulfide deposits deep within the mountain, producing acid mine drainage consisting of sulfuric acid and heavy metals from the ore. Particularly, the drainage water from the Richmond Mine at Iron Mountain is among the most acidic waters naturally found on Earth. The mineralogy at Iron Mountain can serve as a proxy for understanding sulfate formation on Mars. Selected sulfate efflorescent salts from Iron Mountain, formed from extremely acidic waters via drainage from sulfide mining, have been characterized by means of Raman spectroscopy. Gypsum, ferricopiapite, copiapite, melanterite, coquimbite, and voltaite are found within the samples. This work has implications for Mars mineralogical and geochemical investigations as well as for terrestrial environmental investigations related to acid mine drainage contamination. Key Words: Acid mine drainage—Efflorescent sulfate minerals—Mars analogue—Iron Mountain—Laser Raman spectroscopy. Astro- biology 13, 270–278. 1. Introduction efflorescent sulfate minerals. This reconnaissance sampling resulted in characterization of the extremely acidic mine ron Mountain, California, is the host of massive sulfide waters (pH values from - 3.6 to + 0.5) and a variety of iron- Ideposits that were mined for copper, zinc, gold, silver, and sulfate efflorescent salts (Nordstrom and Alpers, 1999; pyrite (for sulfuric acid) between the early 1860s and the early Nordstrom et al., 2000). -
Iron Mountain Mine Superfund Site Long Term O&M Challenges
Iron Mountain Mine Superfund Site Long Term O&M Challenges August 12-14, 2014 James Sickles, U.S. EPA Region 9 National Conference on Mining-Influenced Waters: Approaches for Characterization, Source Control and Treatment Albuquerque,Long Term New O&M MexicoChallenges | 1 Iron Mountain Mine Site • Site Setting • Mining Impacts • Geologic Setting • Mining Chronology • Mining Processes • Site Remedial Components • O&M Challenges • Issues and the Future Long Term O&M Challenges | 2 Site Setting • Located 9 miles northwest of Redding, CA • Consists of more Iron Mountain Shasta Lake than a dozen sulfide mines Sacramento River • Covers approximately 4,400 acres, with over 2,500 feet of relief • Mines produced Spring Creek Reservoir silver, copper, zinc and pyrite Long Term O&M Challenges | 3 Mining Impacts • Fish kills in the Sacramento River • Open-air heap roasting and smelters stripped the land of vegetation for over 100 square miles along lower Spring Creek • Acid mine water seeping into the Sacramento River, created sediment deposits in Keswick Keswick Smelter Reservoir Operations 1895 - 1907 • Drinking water source for the city of Redding is the Sacramento River downstream Long Term O&M Challenges | 4 Mining Impacts • Mining influenced waters (MIW) with pH as low as -3.6 found in Richmond Mine workings • 10,000 pounds of iron, 650 pounds of copper, and 1,800 pounds of zinc were discharged per day prior to remediation • AMD entering Keswick Reservoir precipitated more than 200,000 cubic yards of metal rich sediment into the Spring Creek -
EGU2015-6247, 2015 EGU General Assembly 2015 © Author(S) 2015
Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 17, EGU2015-6247, 2015 EGU General Assembly 2015 © Author(s) 2015. CC Attribution 3.0 License. From Kimberley to Pahrump_Hills: toward a working sedimentary model for Curiosity’s exploration of strata from Aeolis Palus to lower Mount Sharp in Gale crater Sanjeev Gupta (1), David Rubin (2), Katie Stack (3), John Grotzinger (4), Rebecca Williams (5), Lauren Edgar (6), Dawn Sumner (7), Melissa Rice (8), Kevin Lewis (9), Michelle Minitti (5), Juergen Schieber (10), Ken Edgett (11), Ashwin Vasawada (3), Marie McBride (11), Mike Malin (11), and the MSL Science Team (1) Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom ([email protected]), (2) UC, Santa Cruz, CA, USA, (3) Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA, (4) California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA, (5) Planetary Science INstitute, Tucson, AZ, USA, (6) USGS, Flagstaff, AZ, USA, (7) UC, Davis, CA, USA, (8) Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA, (9) Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, (10) Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA, (11) Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, CA, USA In September 2014, NASA’s Curiosity rover crossed the transition from sedimentary rocks of Aeolis Palus to those interpreted to be basal sedimentary rocks of lower Aeolis Mons (Mount Sharp) at the Pahrump Hills outcrop. This transition records a change from strata dominated by coarse clastic deposits comprising sandstones and conglomerate facies to a succession at Pahrump Hills that is dominantly fine-grained mudstones and siltstones with interstratified sandstone beds. Here we explore the sedimentary characteristics of the deposits, develop depositional models in the light of observed physical characteristics and develop a working stratigraphic model to explain stratal relationships. -
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Analyzing Microbial Physiology and Nutrient Transformation in a Model, Acidophilic Microbial Community using Integrated `Omics' Technologies Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/259113st Author Justice, Nicholas Bruce Publication Date 2013 Supplemental Material https://escholarship.org/uc/item/259113st#supplemental Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Analyzing Microbial Physiology and Nutrient Transformation in a Model, Acidophilic Microbial Community using Integrated ‘Omics’ Technologies By Nicholas Bruce Justice A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Microbiology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Jillian Banfield, Chair Professor Mary Firestone Professor Mary Power Professor John Coates Fall 2013 Abstract Analyzing Microbial Physiology and Nutrient Transformation in a Model, Acidophilic Microbial Community using Integrated ‘Omics’ Technologies by Nicholas Bruce Justice Doctor of Philosophy in Microbiology University of California, Berkeley Professor Jillian F. Banfield, Chair Understanding how microorganisms contribute to nutrient transformations within their community is critical to prediction of overall ecosystem function, and thus is a major goal of microbial ecology. Communities of relatively tractable complexity provide a unique opportunity to study the distribution of metabolic characteristics amongst microorganisms and how those characteristics subscribe diverse ecological functions to co-occurring, and often closely related, species. The microbial communities present in the low-pH, metal-rich environment of the acid mine drainage (AMD) system in Richmond Mine at Iron Mountain, CA constitute a model microbial community due to their relatively low diversity and extensive characterization over the preceding fifteen years. -
Assessment of the NASA Planetary Science Division's Mission
ASSESSMENT OF THE NASA PLANETARY SCIENCE DIVISION’S MISSION-ENABLING ACTIVITIES By Planetary Sciences Subcommittee of the NASA Advisory Council Science Committee 29 August 2011 i Planetary Science Subcommittee (PSS) Ronald Greeley, Chair Arizona State University Jim Bell Arizona State University Julie Castillo-Rogez Jet Propulsion Laboratory Thomas Cravens University of Kansas David Des Marais Ames Research Center John Grant Smithsonian NASM William Grundy Lowell Observatory Greg Herzog Rutgers University Jeffrey R. Johnson JHU Applied Physics Laboratory Sanjay Limaye University of Wisconsin William McKinnon Washington University Louise Prockter JHU Applied Physics Laboratory Anna-Louise Reysenbach Portland State University Jessica Sunshine University of Maryland Chip Shearer University of New Mexico James Slavin Goddard Space Flight Center Paul Steffes Georgia Institute of Technology Dawn Sumner University of California, Davis Mark Sykes Planetary Science Institute Meenakshi Wadhwa Arizona State University Michael New (through 2010) NASA Headquarters Executive Secretary Jonathan Rall (beginning 2011) NASA Headquarters Executive Secretary Sarah Noble (beginning 2011) Goddard Space Flight Center, Assistant Executive Secretary NASA Headquarters James Green, ex officio NASA Headquarters PSS Working Group for the assessment Mark Sykes, Co-Chair Sarah Noble Ronald Greeley, Co-Chair Jonathan Rall Jim Bell Dawn Sumner Julie Castillo-Rogez Meenakshi Wadhwa Thomas Cravens John Grant James Green, ex officio Sanjay Limaye ii Table of Contents Executive -
MAP SHOWING LOCATIONS of MINES and PROSPECTS in the DILLON Lox 2° QUADRANGLE, IDAHO and MONTANA
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MAP SHOWING LOCATIONS OF MINES AND PROSPECTS IN THE DILLON lox 2° QUADRANGLE, IDAHO AND MONTANA By JeffreyS. Loen and Robert C. Pearson Pamphlet to accompany Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1803-C Table !.--Recorded and estimated production of base and precious metals in mining districts and areas in the Dillon 1°x2° guadrangle, Idaho and Montana [Production of other commodities are listed in footnotes. All monetary values are given in dollars at time of production. Dashes indicate no information available. Numbers in parentheses are estimates by the authors or by those cited as sources of data in list that follows table 2. <,less than; s.t., short tons] District/area Years Ore Gold Silver Copper Lead Zinc Value Sources name (s. t.) (oz) (oz) (lb) (lb) (lb) (dollars) of data Idaho Carmen Creek 18 70's-190 1 (50,000) 141, 226 district 1902-1980 (unknown) Total (50,000) Eldorado 1870's-1911 17,500 (350 ,000) 123, 226 district 1912-1954 (13,000) (8,000) (300,000) Total (650,000) Eureka district 1880's-1956 (13 ,500) 12,366 (2,680,000) 57,994 (4,000) ( 4,000 ,000) 173 Total (4,000,000) Gibbonsville 1877-1893 (unknown) district 1894-1907 (83,500) (1,670,000) 123, 226 1908-1980 ( <10 ,000) 123 Total (2,000,000) Kirtley Creek 1870's-1890 2,000 40,500 173 district 1890's-1909 (<10,000) 1910-1918 24,300 (500 ,000) 123 1919-1931 (unknown) 1932-1947 2,146 (75 ,000) 173 Total (620,000) McDevitt district 1800's.-1980 (80,000) Total (80,000) North Fork area 1800's-1980 (unknown) Total ( <10 ,000) Pratt Creek 1870's-1900 (50 ,000) district Total (50,000) Sandy Creek 1800 's-1900 (unknown) district 1901-1954 19,613 4,055 4,433 71,359 166,179 (310,000) 17 3, 200 Total (310 ,000) Montana Anaconda Range 1880's-1980 (<100,000) area Total (<100,000) Argenta district 1864-1901 (1 ,500 ,000) 1902-1965 311,796 72,241 562,159 604,135 18,189,939 2,009,366 5,522,962 88 Total (7,000,000) Baldy Mtn. -
The Stratigraphy and Evolution of Lower Mount Sharp from Spectral
PUBLICATIONS Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets RESEARCH ARTICLE The stratigraphy and evolution of lower Mount Sharp 10.1002/2016JE005095 from spectral, morphological, and thermophysical Key Points: orbital data sets • We have developed a stratigraphy for lower Mount Sharp using analyses of A. A. Fraeman1, B. L. Ehlmann1,2, R. E. Arvidson3, C. S. Edwards4,5, J. P. Grotzinger2, R. E. Milliken6, new spectral, thermophysical, and 2 7 morphologic orbital data products D. P. Quinn , and M. S. Rice • Siccar Point group records a period of 1 2 deposition and exhumation that Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA, Division of Geological and followed the deposition and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA, 3Department of Earth and Planetary exhumation of the Mount Sharp Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, 4United States Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona, group USA, 5Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA, 6Department of Earth, • Late state silica enrichment and redox 7 interfaces within lower Mount Sharp Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA, Geology Department, Physics were pervasive and widespread in and Astronomy Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA space and/or in time Abstract We have developed a refined geologic map and stratigraphy for lower Mount Sharp using coordinated analyses of new spectral, thermophysical, and morphologic orbital data products. The Mount Correspondence to: A. A. Fraeman, Sharp group consists of seven relatively planar units delineated by differences in texture, mineralogy, and [email protected] thermophysical properties. -
Grain Size Variations in the Murray Formation
Grain Size Variations in the Murray Formation: Stratigraphic Evidence for Changing Depositional Environments in Gale Crater, Mars Frances Rivera-hernández, Dawn Sumner, Nicolas Mangold, Steven Banham, Kenneth Edgett, Christopher Fedo, Sanjeev Gupta, Samantha Gwizd, Ezat Heydari, Sylvestre Maurice, et al. To cite this version: Frances Rivera-hernández, Dawn Sumner, Nicolas Mangold, Steven Banham, Kenneth Edgett, et al.. Grain Size Variations in the Murray Formation: Stratigraphic Evidence for Changing Depositional Environments in Gale Crater, Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research. Planets, Wiley-Blackwell, 2020, 125 (2), pp.e2019JE006230. 10.1029/2019JE006230. hal-02933725 HAL Id: hal-02933725 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02933725 Submitted on 14 Sep 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Rivera-Hernández Frances (Orcid ID: 0000-0003-1401-2259) Sumner Dawn, Y (Orcid ID: 0000-0002-7343-2061) Mangold Nicolas (Orcid ID: 0000-0002-0022-0631) Banham Steven (Orcid ID: 0000-0003-1206-1639) Edgett Kenneth, S. (Orcid ID: 0000-0001-7197-5751) Nachon Marion (Orcid ID: 0000-0003-0417-7076) Newsom Horton E., E (Orcid ID: 0000-0002-4358-8161) Stein Nathan (Orcid ID: 0000-0003-3385-9957) Wiens Roger, C. -
Iron Mountain Mines, Inc. P.O
Iron Mountain Mines, Inc. P.O. Box 992867, Redding, CA 96099 Tel (530) 275-4550 Fax (530) 275-4559 SHASTA COUNTY RECORDERS OFFICE NOTICE OF ADVERSE CLAIMS APPLICATION FOR RELOCATION OF PATENTS DECLARATION AND AFFIDAVIT AGAINST JOINT AND SEVERAL TRESPASSERS I, T.W. (Ted) Arman, am the purchaser of Iron Mountain Mines, I am the sole shareholder of Iron Mountain Mines, Inc., and successor in interests as grantee and assignee of all rights, privileges, and immunities of patent title from Colonel William Magee, Mr. Charles Camden, Iron Mountain Corporation, Iron Mountain Investment Co., Mountain Copper Co., and Stauffer Chemical Co. concerning the locations, pursuant to the mining law of 1866, of the Noble and Scott consolidated, Home Stake, Home Stake extension, Home Stake fraction, Copper Mountain, Mountain Copper, Monarch Copper, Boston Copper, Tehama Copper, Geology Copper, Leap Year Copper, Redding Copper, Sugar Loaf Copper, Trinity Copper, Shasta Copper, Halite, Limonite, Depending, Cuprite, Purity, and Letier lode mining claims, which mining property was originally patented May 1, 1862, that is the apex of the Flat Creek mining district for which I am the successor in interest as grantee. I purchased these patented mineral estates along with other patented properties in December, 1976. This purchase included an option for the purchase of the remaining patented mineral estates, which purchase was upset and interfered with by agents and agencies of the state and federal governments who conspired by false claims, malice, fraud, oppression, -
Acid Mine Drainage Prediction
EPA 530-R-94-036 NTIS PB94-201829 TECHNICAL DOCUMENT ACID MINE DRAINAGE PREDICTION December 1994 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Solid Waste Special Waste Branch 401 M Street, SW Washington, DC 20460 Acid Mine Drainage Prediction DISCLAIMER AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This document was prepared by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The mention of company or product names in this document is not to be considered an endorsement by the U.S. Government or by the EPA. This technical document consists of a brief review of acid forming processes at mine sites, followed by a summary of the current methods used to predict acid formation, selected state regulatory requirements, and case histories. This report was distributed for review to the U.S. Department of the Interior's Bureau of Mines and Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Forest Service, the Interstate Mining Compact Commission, the American Mining Congress, the Mineral Policy Center, representatives of state agencies, and public interest groups. EPA is grateful to all individuals who took the time to review this technical document. The use of the terms "extraction," "beneficiation," and "mineral processing" in this document is not intended to classify any waste stream for the purposes of regulatory interpretation or application. Rather, these terms are used in the context of common industry terminology. Acid Mine Drainage Prediction TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................ 1 1.1 Oxidation of Metal Sulfides ..................................................... 4 1.2 Source of Acid and Contributing Factors ........................................... 5 2. ACID GENERATION PREDICTION ................................................. 9 2.1 Sampling .................................................................... 11 2.2 Static Tests ................................................................. -
Iron Mountain Mine Case Study Success Through Planning, Partnerships, and Perseverance
arly in its history, Iron Mountain Mine was famous for being the most productive copper mine in California and one of the largest Ein the world. In recent years, the legacy of mining at Iron Mountain turned its fame to infamy, as the site became known as the largest source of surface water pollution in the United States and the source of the world’s most corrosive water. Even so, 40 years after the cessation of mining activities, scientists seeking to understand how to control the risks posed by the site made a valuable discovery of a different kind at Iron Mountain: a new species of microbe that thrives in the extreme conditions deep within the mountain. While pollution from the site has not posed any great risk to the approximately 100,000 people living in the nearby City of Redding, the same can not be said for the salmon, trout, and other aquatic organisms that have struggled for survival downstream of Iron Mountain. More than 20 years of work by EPA, other Federal and California State agencies, and potentially responsible parties (PRPs)—much of it underwritten by Superfund—is finally paying off in a big way. Remediation and pollution control activities now neutralize almost all the acid mine drainage and control 95 percent of the copper, cadmium, and zinc that used to flow out of Iron Mountain into nearby streams and then into the Sacramento River. Furthermore, EPA and the State of California secured funding from one of the site’s previous owners in one of the largest settlements with a single private party in Superfund history. -
Acid Mine Drainage and Effects on Fish Health and Ecology: a Review
Acid Mine Drainage and Effects on Fish Health and Ecology: A Review For: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage Fish and Wildlife Field Office, Anchorage, Alaska, 99501 Prepared by: Reclamation Research Group, LLC, Bozeman, Montana June 2008 Suggested Citation: Jennings, S.R., Neuman, D.R. and Blicker, P.S. (2008). “Acid Mine Drainage and Effects on Fish Health and Ecology: A Review”. Reclamation Research Group Publication, Bozeman, MT. ii Table of Contents Purpose ................................................................................................................................ 1 Acid Mine Drainage Overview ........................................................................................... 1 Chemistry of Acid Rock Drainage .................................................................................. 1 Acid Mine Drainage ........................................................................................................ 3 Effect of Acid Mine Drainage on Aquatic Resources ........................................................ 5 Major Environmental Incidents Caused by Acid Mine Drainage ....................................... 7 Prediction of Acid Mine Drainage ...................................................................................... 7 Assessment of Acid Rock Drainage and Metals Release ................................................. 11 Water Quality and Acid Mine Drainage: Pre-mine Predictions and Post-mine Comparisons ....................................................................................................................