The Formation of the Early Church

Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

Herausgeber / Editor Jörg Frey

Mitherausgeber / Associate Editors Friedrich Avemarie • Judith Gundry-Volf Martin Hengel • Otfried Hofius • Hans-Josef Klauck

183

The Formation of the Early Church

Edited by

o Jostein Adna

Mohr Siebeck JOSTEIN ÄDNA, born 1955; study of Theology in Oslo,Tübingen and Jerusalem; 1994 Dr. theol.; Professor of New Testament at the School of Mission and Theology in Stavanger.

ISBN 3-16-148561-0 ISSN 0512-1604 (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament) Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.ddb.de.

© 2005 by Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, Germany. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher's written permission. This applies particularly to reproductions, translations, microfilms and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was printed by Guide-Druck in Tübingen on non-aging paper and bound by Großbuchbinderei Spinner in Ottersweier. Printed in Germany. Preface

During June 14-18, 2003, almost 70 New Testament scholars from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden gathered for the Seventh Nordic New Testament Conference at Solborg Folkeh0gskole in Stavanger, Norway. The topic of the conference was 'the Formation of the Early Church'1, and the essays presented in this volume are adapted papers, either read in plenary sessions or presented in one of the five seminar groups during this conference. The first in the series of these Nordic New Testament conferences took place at the University of Aarhus in Denmark in 1978, and ever since there have been organised conferences every fourth or fifth year, circulating between the five countries2. In 2003 the School of Mission and Theology acted as host, but the two other theological faculties in Norway, i.e., the Norwegian Lutheran School of Theology in Oslo and the Faculty of Theology at the University of Oslo, as well as the Research Council of Norway, supported the conference financially. The generous invitations from the city of Stavanger to a dinner, and from the county council of Rogaland to an excursion, and from the bishop of Stavanger to a lunch reception, contributed to the well-being of the participants and helped bring about the kind of favourable atmosphere which good and profitable scholarly exchange depends on. As chairman of the hosting committee I am grateful for all these contributions that enabled us to organise the conference with its varied scholarly and social programme. After the conference I have had the privilege of planning and preparing the publication of a selection of the conference papers. All fourteen contributors to the present volume have worked diligently in translating3, enlarging and adapting their papers in order to comply with the demands and needs of this publication. For me as editor it is a pleasure and honour to be able to present to the scholarly world these fresh contributions from New Testament and

1 In Norwegian: 'Kirken tar form'. 2 The original initiator and host of the first conference, Sigfred Pedersen, has written the history of the five first conferences, published in the volume of the fifth conference, cf. Sigfred Pedersen, "Scandinavian New Testament Conferences, 1978-1994", in The New Testament in its Hellenistic Context (Studia theologica islandica, 10; ed. Gunnlaugur A. Jönsson et al.; Reykjavik: Guöfrsöistofnun, 1996) 15-36. For the sixth conference cf. The New Testament as Reception (JSNTSup 230; Copenhagen International Seminar 11; eds. Mogens Müller and Henrik Tronier; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 2002). 3 At the conference in Stavanger most of the papers were presented in the Scandina- vian languages Swedish, Norwegian and Danish. VI Preface

Patristic scholars in the Nordic countries. However, my role as editor is limited to accepting and promoting the essays; each individual author carries full responsibility for her or his essay. The School of Mission and Theology has generously supported this last phase of the conference work as well, and thanks to these financial resources it has been possible to employ some additional people to assist in different operations involved in preparing the book. Mrs. Ellen Crocker and Mr. Piers Crocker have done a marvellous job in correcting and polishing the language of the manuscripts, and stud, theol. Ivan Fjeld has done excellent editorial work in proof-reading and in preparing the indices. Finally, I will express my deep gratitude to the publisher, Mr. Georg Siebeck, and to the series editor, Prof. Dr. Jorg Frey, for accepting this volume for publication in the series "Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament, 1. Reihe". Among those in the publishing house Mohr Siebeck who have been involved in preparing this book and who have assisted me in my work as editor, I want to thank in particular Dr. Henning Ziebritzki, Editorial director Theology and Jewish Studies, and Production manager Ms. Use Konig. I hope that this book will stimulate debate and further work among biblical and patristic scholars on different aspects of the topic 'the Formation of the Early Church', and that in this work also insights will be gained which can be helpful and inspiring in responding to contemporary formative challenges which churches all over the world are facing at the beginning of the 21st century.

Jostein Adna Stavanger, May 2005 Table of Contents

Preface V Abbreviations IX List of Contributors XI

JOSTEIN ÄDNA The Formation of the Early Church - an Introduction 1

I. The Relationship between Christians and Jews, "Parting of the Ways" and Development of New Identities

MIKAEL TELLBE The Temple Tax as a Pre-70 CE Identity Marker 19

ANDERS KLOSTERGAARD PETERSEN At the End of the Road - Reflections on a Popular Scholarly Metaphor 45

HANNA STENSTRÖM New Voices in Biblical Exegesis - New Views on the Formation of the Church 73

II. Developments of and Contacts between Early Communities and Authority and Power Structures within them as Reflected in the New Testament

JON MA. ASGEIRSSON Complex and Community: From the Prophets of Q to the Scribe(s) of St. Matthew or Vice Versa 93

REIDAR HVALVIK All Those Who in Every Place Call on the Name of Our Lord Jesus Christ: The Unity of the Pauline Churches 123

HANS KVALBEIN The Authorization of Peter in Matthew 16:17-19: A Reconsideration of the Power to Bind and Loose 145 vm Table of Contents

LONE FATUM Christ Domesticated: The Household Theology of the Pastorals as Political Strategy 175

III. Issues Relating to the New Testament Canon

OUTI LEPPÁ Debates within the New Testament Canon 211

ANTTI MARJANEN Montanism and the Formation of the New Testament Canon 239

PETRI LUOMANEN On the Fringes of Canon: Eusebius' View of the "Gospel of the Hebrews" 265

IV. Early Christian Developments Beyond the New Testament

REIDAR AASGAARD Brothers and Sisters in the Faith: Christian Siblingship as an Ecclesiological Mirror in the First Two Centuries 285

MIKAEL ISACSON Follow Your Bishop! Rhetorical Strategies in the Letters of Ignatius of Antioch 317

MATTI MYLLYKOSKI Wild Beasts and Rabid Dogs: The Riddle of the Heretics in the Letters of Ignatius 341

ODD MAGNE BAKKE The Episcopal Ministry and the Unity of the Church from the Apostolic Fathers to Cyprian 379

Indices Index of Sources 409 Index of Authors 432 Index of Subjects and Names 442 Abbreviations

Abbreviations, of the names of biblical books and other ancient sources as well as of modern periodicals, reference works and serials, follow the rules recommended by the Society of Biblical Literature, as these are presented in Journal of Biblical Literature 117 (1998) 555-579, and/or in The SBL Handbook of Style For Ancient Near Eastern, Biblical, and Early Christian Studies (eds. Patrick H. Alexander et al.; Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Publishers, 1999).

List of Contributors

AASGAARD, REIDAR, Dr.theol., Senior Research Fellow, New Testament / Early Christianity, Faculty of Theology, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1023 Blindem, N-0315 Oslo, Norway

ASGEIRSSON, JON MA., Professor of New Testament Studies, Faculty of Theology, University of Iceland, Main Building, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland

BAKKE, ODD MAGNE, Dr.theol., Professor of Church History, School of Mission and Theology, Misjonsveien 34, N-4024 Stavanger, Norway

FATUM, LONE, Associate Professor of New Testament, Department of Biblical Exegesis, Faculty of Theology, University of Copenhagen, K0bmagergade 46, DK-1150 Copenhagen K, Denmark

HVALVIK, REIDAR, Dr.theol., Professor of New Testament, The Norwegian Lutheran School of Theology, P.O.Box 5144 Majorstuen, N-0302 Oslo, Norway

ISACSON, MIKAEL, Teol.dr., Minister in the Church of Sweden. Address: Mänvägen 3, SE-463 32 Lilla Edet, Sweden

KVALBEIN, HANS, Dr.theol., Professor of New Testament, The Norwegian Lutheran School of Theology, P.O.Box 5144 Majorstuen, N-0302 Oslo, Norway

LEPPÄ, OUTI, ThD, Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Biblical Studies, P.O.Box 33, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland

LUOMANEN, PETRI, ThD, Fellow, Docent, Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, P.O.Box 4, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland

MARJANEN, ANTTI, Adjunct Professor, Research Fellow of the Academy of Finland, Department of Biblical Studies, P.O.Box 33, FIN-00014 Univer- sity of Helsinki, Finland xn List of Contributors

MYLLYKOSKI, MATTI, ThD, Docent, Department of Biblical Studies, P.O.Box 33, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland

PETERSEN, ANDERS KLOSTERGAARD, Associate Professor, Department for the Study of Religion, University of Aarhus, Tàsingegade 3, DK-8000 Arhus C, Denmark

STENSTRÖM, HANNA, Teol.dr., Lecturer in New Testament at the Univer- sity of Linköping and at the University of Uppsala, Department of Theology, University of Uppsala, P.O.Box 511, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden

TELLBE, MIKAEL, PhD, Lecturer in New Testament Studies, Örebro Theological Seminary, P.O.Box 1623, SE-701 16 Örebro, Sweden The Formation of the Early Church

An Introduction

JOSTEIN ADNA

Starting from the band of followers of the Galilean teacher and miracle worker Jesus of Nazareth in the late twenties of the 1st century A.D., the early church underwent a remarkable development during the following decades, spreading to vast parts of the Roman Empire by the end of the century1. There were definitely great variations between many of the groups belonging to this movement that had its origin with the adherents of Jesus, due to geographical, ethnic, social and cultural differences among them. The one common denominator that identified their interdependence and, at the same time, delineated them from all others, was their exclusive allegiance to Jesus. Most of them called him Jesus Christ and related to him as Lord (kyrios) and Son of God2. But even those who for some reason might have avoided these dominant Christological titles, considered him in one way or the other as the messenger or mediator of salvation. New Testament and patristic scholars have, of course, addressed various aspects of the developments within the early church for a long time already. This volume presents a number of contributions from scholars in the Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, regarding different historical and theological questions related to the formation of the early Church.

1 This holds true even if the total number of Christians still was low around 100 A.D. RODNEY STARK, The Rise of Christianity: A Sociologist Reconsiders History (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1996) 7 estimates the number Christians at that time as less than 10 000, but computes a considerable growth to more than 40 000 by 150 A.D. and even more than 200 000 at the end of the 2nd century. 2 Cf. now regarding the adoration and worship of Jesus LARRY W. HURTADO, Lord Jesus Christ: Devotion to Jesus in Earliest Christianity (Grand Rapids, Mich.; Cambridge, U.K.: Eerdmans, 2003). 2 Jostein Adna

I. The Relationship between Christians and Jews, "Parting of the Ways" and Development of New Identities

For an entity like the early church, originating solely among Jews within Palestinian Judaism, but very fast transcending the borders of the Jewish people to include Gentile believers in Jesus within its ranks, the question of how to relate to other Jews became urgent. The New Testament contains ample evidence of what difficulties and tensions this delicate issue brought upon the first generation of Christians. There was clearly a wide-ranging agreement among early Jewish Christians that the messianic redemption provided by the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ was to have positive consequences not only for Israel, but for the Gentile peoples, as well. It was a hotly debated issue among them, however, whether or to what degree the inclusion of the Gentiles into the eschatologically renewed people of God implied a changed role or even an abolition of certain Jewish identity markers, like male circumcision and abstention from various kinds of food. These questions of circumcision and dietary laws, as well as further issues like Sabbath observance and the sacrificial cult in the Temple, have been extensively discussed within New Testament scholarship. Much less attention has been paid to the annual, regular tax to the Temple in Jerusalem as a further Jewish identity marker and to early Christian attitudes to this tax. In his essay "The Temple Tax as a Pre-70 CE Identity Marker" (pp. 19-44), MIKAEL TELLBE addresses these questions. He clearly demonstrates the central role of the Temple tax for Jewish identity throughout the whole diaspora and discusses the implications of three New Testament texts, viz. Matt 17:24-27, Rom 13:1-10 and 1 Pet 2:4-17, in regard to how early Christians handled this issue. As a matter of fact, an important aspect of defining a viable self-understanding and identity for early Christians was to come to grips with typical Jewish practices as e.g. the Temple tax. Hence, Tellbe's essay contributes to the clarification of those aspects of the formation of the early church which have to do with its relationship to Judaism.

The parting of the ways has been a popular metaphor in recent scholarship for designating the break between Judaism and Christianity as mutually separate religious entities. ANDERS KLOSTERGAARD PETERSEN offers a meticulous methodological discussion of the appropriateness of this metaphor in his essay "At the End of the Road - Reflections on a Popular Scholarly Metaphor" (pp. 45-72). Petersen is well aware and appreciates how the model of conceiving the gradual differentiation and separation between Judaism and Christianity in terms of the road metaphor has Introduction 3 stimulated and been beneficial to much scholarship. However, it contains a danger and an inherent tendency of overemphasising certain historical data and drawing too generalised conclusions from them, at the cost of other empirical evidence pointing in another direction. Besides addressing certain theoretical problems related to the use of the parting of the ways metaphor, Petersen draws our attention to a vast amount of data from the first five centuries of the Christian era that testifies to a vivid and ongoing interaction between Jews and Christians, the latter both Jewish and Gentile with regard to ethnic identity. Actually, outspoken and even rancorous criticisms and rejections of Judaism and Jewish practices, e.g. in some of the letters of Ignatius of Antioch at the beginning of the 2nd century, in conciliar canons throughout the 4th century as well as in John Chrysostom's homilies from 386/7, are not testimonies of an already completed break between the two. On the contrary, data of this kind is ample evidence that elitist Gentile Christian groups saw a reason to react strongly against interaction and relationship between Christians and Jews that was still going on. Hence, in spite of its noted fruitfulness for much scholarship, Petersen advocates a careful and reserved use of the parting of the ways metaphor because it turns out to be inadequate in reflecting the diverse and multiple varying realities of relationships, co-existence and encounters as well as numerous partings of ways between different Jews and Christians long after 150 A.D.

Notwithstanding the centrality of the relationship between Jewish and Gentile backgrounds, there are, of course, a number of other elements as well that were significant with regard to developing new identities for early Christians. In her essay "New Voices in Biblical Exegesis - New Views on the Formation of the Church" (pp. 73-90), HANNA STENSTROM draws attention particularly to the question of gender construction, exemplified by the portrait of "the 144 000" in Rev 14:1-5 as male virgins. Besides the essay by Anders Klostergaard Petersen this is the most explicit methodological contribution in the volume. Stenstrom puts her emphasis on theoretical and methodological aspects of recent feminist biblical scholarship, discussing both its critical and constructive tasks. She regards feminist criticism as an important part of a wider movement of critique of traditional historical-critical scholarship, unmasking as invalid its claim for value-neutral objectivity. Actually, both the biblical texts themselves and traditional biblical scholarship provide androcentric constructions of Christian identity. Hence, traditional biblical scholarship has under the pretension of objectivity predominantly served the power interests of certain groups. Stenstrom offers an overview presentation of how feminist 4 Jostein Àdna research, alongside other approaches within the new, alternative paradigm, such as post-colonial criticism, challenges and criticises the established institutions of biblical scholarship.

II. Developments of and Contacts between Early Communities and Authority and Power Structures within them as Reflected in the New Testament

Within the broad topic of the formation of the early church, studies of the developments of Christian communities in their early phases and of authority and power structures within them throughout this formative period, naturally take up a central position. A number of essays in this volume address questions of this kind.

JON MA. ASGEIRSSON discusses the character of the hypothetical document Q and of the Gospel of Matthew as well as the character of the communities to which these two writings are related in his essay "Complex and Community: From the Prophets of Q to the Scribe(s) of St. Matthew or Vice Versa" (pp. 93-122). Providing extensive information about the recent scholarly debate on Q and the alleged group behind it, Asgeirsson makes a strong case for Q as a written document with a recognisable complex composition produced by skilled scribes. This document traces and reflects the development of a new religious movement in Galilee at a fairly early stage after the career of the figure to whom it adheres, i.e., Jesus of Nazareth. When it comes to St. Matthew, who has used both Q and the Gospel of Mark as sources for his gospel, his text seems to reflect a further stage in the process of community formation compared to Q. The Matthean group is likely to be compared with contemporary voluntary associations like collegia or philosophiai, because this gospel contains an "agenda" and such regulations as an established community of this kind is in need of.

In his essay "All Those Who in Every Place Call on the Name of Our Lord Jesus Christ: The Unity of the Pauline Churches" (pp. 123-143), REIDAR HVALVIK investigates what contacts and connections actually existed between the communities founded by Paul and his co-workers. Paul's letters clearly bear witness to his eagerness to establish an awareness of unity among his churches. Evidence for this commitment on his part are references within the letters to other churches and to an ecumenical tradition shared by all of them, as well as conveyance of greetings from other churches to the addressees. Introduction 5

Without rejecting the occasional character of the Pauline letters, Hvalvik also draws attention to the fact that they demonstrate an ecumenical character that goes beyond the mere relationship between the author and the receiver of each individual letter. E.g. the prescript of 1 Corinthians, a part of which is cited as the title of the essay (i.e., 1 Cor 1:2b), expresses this intention. Paul's letters were not private; actually, based on his strong conviction of writing as the apostle of Jesus Christ, he wanted his letters to be read not only once, but to be reread in the communities to which they were addressed, as well as to be exchanged and read also in other Pauline churches. Further, Paul stimulated contacts between the communities when he travelled between them and wrote his letters from various locations. In this way the host church at any time was witnessing his care for other churches, and some times representatives of the host church functioned as the courier delivering a letter to the addressee in another place. Whenever delegates from another church came to see Paul, they definitely also met their fellow believers there. Generally, as the numerous admonitions concerning hospitality reflect, Christians on a journey would often look up the church in the localities they were passing through and be warmly received there. Finally, Paul's collection for Jerusalem3 contributed in a specific way to the unity between his churches by involving all of them in this project of bringing their common gift to the mother church in Jerusalem, delivered by a delegation of representatives from the different communities that travelled with Paul. Hence, Hvalvik points out a number of factors within the Pauline churches, operative already during the time of Paul's work in the midst of the 1st century and in the following years, that reflect a regular contact and an ambition for and a consciousness of ecumenical unity among communities spread out over a vast geographical area.

A New Testament text which has had a tremendously strong formative impact on the church throughout its whole history, is the authorization of Peter in Matt 16:17-19. I am pleased to be able to present a contribution on this text of such a high significance for the formation of the early church, viz., HANS KVALBEIN'S essay "The Authorization of Peter in Matthew 16:17-19: A Reconsideration of the Power to Bind and Loose" (pp. 145-174). Kvalbein focuses primarily on a synchronic reading of these verses, but, at the same time, he emphasises that he considers this

3 In addition to the literature on the collection referred to by Hvalvik, let me point to the (unpublished) M.Phil, thesis of my Cameroonian student JEAN-MARC BABA TONGA, Paul's Collection to the Poor in Jerusalem: An Attempt to Unify the Early Church (School of Mission and Theology, Stavanger, and the University of Bergen, 2003). 6 Jostein Adna text, like the whole Gospel, to reflect and preserve towards the end of the 1st century A.D. Jewish-Christian traditions with a basis in history. According to Kvalbein's analysis the pericope 16:13-20 introduces a section within the Gospel that concentrates on the church and discipleship as its main themes, ending in 20:34. It follows from how the three verses 17-19, that address Peter in the 2nd person singular, are posited and interrelated into their immediate surrounding context, that Peter is not important as an individual, but as a spokesman for the disciples. Hence, the blessing of Peter in verse 17 is grounded in the confession of Jesus as the Messiah which Peter on behalf of all the disciples had expressed in his reply to Jesus' question (cf. vv. 15-16), and in verse 18 the new name Petros and the function as the foundation, upon which Jesus will build his church, are granted to him because he has become the father of all believers through his confession to Christ. As hinted at by the title of his essay, Kvalbein's major concern is the understanding of verse 19. He opposes the dominant interpretation of the authorization to "bind" and to "loose" as the granting to Peter of the authority to make binding halakhic decisions on what is prohibited and permitted, as in rabbinic tradition, and interprets instead the "binding" and "loosing" to be the authority to forgive and retain sins, as in Matt 18:18 and as validated by the Gospel of Matthew as a whole, where the remission of sins takes up a prominent role as a most central part of the mission of Jesus and the church. Thus, the primacy of Peter as the rock, as expressed in Matt 16:17-19, is exclusively a matter of him being the first to confess Jesus as the Messiah, and it does not in any way imply that the power to retain and forgive sins is given only to a limited group of ministers in the church.

Whereas the Gospel of Matthew, according to Hans Kvalbein, presents an image of the church as the fellowship of brothers and sisters without any decisive human or ecclesial authority inside or above it, things look quite diffent in the Pastoral letters. This is the definite conclusion in LONE FATUM'S study "Christ Domesticated: The Household Theology of the Pastorals as Political Strategy" (pp. 175-207). With church order and internal consolidation as a primary concern, the author of the Pastorals some time in the early 2nd century A.D. lets a revised and idealised Paul appear as a champion of social and political conformity. The immediate goal is to establish an outwardly recognisable household order for the whole church in accordance with the paterfamilias institution of the Graeco-Roman social order and culture in order to achieve recognition for the church as an institution characterised by order and a well-organised leadership. Introduction 1

In the Pastorals Paul is portrayed in his authoritative role as preacher, apostle, and, with particular emphasis, as teacher. Through the vicarious personifications of both Timothy and Titus the author ascribes to himself the role of trusted agent of Paul's legacy and, consequently, he claims for himself the exclusive status of rightful teacher of Pauline "sound teaching". In this capacity the author teaches believers to reject ungodli- ness and wordly passions and instructs them to live a life of reason, justice and piety in this world, trusting in the hope of the parousia. Whereas the "sound teaching" is expressed in the believers' unobtrusive life and obedience, the devious teaching that is vigorously fought by the Pastorals, leads to disobedience and moral disorder. Even though it is hardly possible to gain any precise impression of what the adversaries of the author of the Pastorals actually taught, Fatum draws our attention to certain identifiable aspects of special interest and relevance in the context of her investigation, viz., the participation of women, the teaching of an ascetic spirituality in demonstrative anticipation of the heavenly existence, and the chosen strategy of the author of the Pastorals to fight these adversaries through social discrimination, even accusing them of being in league with the Devil. It is likely that the adversaries also appealed to Paul, and that this competing reception and development of the Pauline tradition is preserved in some apocryphal writings, among which the Book of Thecla is the most obvious and prominent example. Consistent with the author's rejection of his charismatic adversaries and their agenda is his own concern for transforming his church from an apocalyptic eschatological sect, vertically defined, to a socially respectable institution which is horizontally reintegrated and which conforms to and is a fully accepted part of society. Corresponding to this shift is the author's substitution of the authentic Pauline concept of the community of Christ- believers as the body of Christ with the static model of house and household in the Pastorals. He urges his addressees to accept and conform to the present-day conditions of their social and political world. For the sake of public recognition Christian identity is reconstructed in accordance with the values of the Graeco-Roman household, with an emphasis on the obligations of marriage and procreation and on the qualifications of the good patron and his exemplary household management as a consequence. These shifts of focus have major implications for Christology and soteriology: Paul's emphasis on the suffering and death of Christ is replaced by the moral example of suffering Paul, and Christ crucified is substituted by Christ domesticated. In order to obtain his goal of a patriarchal household organisation, the author of the Pastorals engages the authority of the legendary Paul in contradiction to the apostolic Paul of the authentic letters. Whereas Paul 8 Jostein Àdna had a preference for spiritual asceticism and ascribed a remarkable degree of social freedom and personal authority to unmarried Christian women, the author of the Pastorals, due to his changed focus, opts exclusively in favour of married life and defines the status and social activities of women solely on the basis of household conventions. Through their institutionalis- ing project the Pastorals propagate a contextual construction which has had a very strong formative effect on the church throughout the centuries. Fatum's critical assessment is that many, not least women, have paid a high price for the official Christian standards of 'normal' family life and the 'natural' gender roles and sexuality as defined by the Pastorals.

III. Issues Relating to the New Testament Canon

Questions about the status of writings that were produced within different Christian groups during the first and second centuries A.D. have a bearing on the formation of the early church. Those writings which were widely accepted and gained a canonical status became, of course, influential in shaping both theological convictions and practice in the congregations. This volume does not offer any fully-fledged account of the history of the canonisation of the New Testament. However, a number of essays address issues related to the canon.

As Lone Fatum in her essay, presented above, claims that there is a profound contradiction between the authentic letters of Paul on the one hand, and the Pastorals on the other hand, also Oun LEPPA addresses the issue of theological contradictions within the canon of the New Testament in her essay "Debates within the New Testament Canon" (pp. 211-237). In opposition to the common approach of locating and identifying the adversaries referred to and condemned e.g. in Colossians, the Pastorals, Jude and Revelation 2-3 as someone outside the frame of the New Testament, Leppa sets out to demonstrate that the opponents of the above- mentioned letters might just as well be found within the New Testament canon itself. Colossians, 1 Timothy and Titus, all of them deutero-Pauline letters to be dated towards the end of the 1st century A.D. and located in Asia Minor, reject any restrictions on food and drink more categorically than Paul himself had done (cf. Col 2:16; 1 Tim 4:3; Titus 1:15). This line of Christian freedom from Jewish dietary laws is also represented by the Gospel of Mark (cf. 7:15, 18-19). Next, Leppa draws our attention to the presence of a competing position on food regulations in other New Testament writings, viz., in Revelation 2-3 (cf. 2:14, 20). Thus, Revelation Introduction 9 seems to represent apocalyptic strains of Christianity that observed Jewish food laws and strongly condemned those who tolerated the eating of idol meat. A similar stand is expressed by Jude (cf. v. 12), and probably also by the Gospel of Matthew. In addition to the controversy about food regulations, these two types of Christians also seem to have had different attitudes toward angels and marriage. Hence, according to Leppa, at the end of the 1st century there existed Christian groups, likely to be located in Asia Minor, with mutually contradictory views on certain theological matters. These groups vehemently condemned each other, and writings representing both positions have found their way into the New Testament. It follows that the New Testament canon contains theological positions which oppose each other. An attempt to mediate between the two strains is, however, also to be found within the canon, represented by the Letter to the Ephesians.

Whereas Outi Leppa and Lone Fatum discuss theological tensions and contradictions among writings which all belong to the established New Testament canon, the next two essays address other aspects in the history of the New Testament canon. ANTTI MARJANEN asks in his essay "Montanism and the Formation of the New Testament Canon" (pp. 239- 263) whether, and in what ways, the Montanists' favourable reception of certain early Christian writings affected their possibility of gaining canonical status. The Montanist movement originated in Asia Minor just after the middle of the 2nd century as a new prophetic current. Although it was condemned as a heresy at the end of the 2nd century, it continued to flourish throughout the whole 3rd century and was only successfully fought and reduced from the time when Catholic Christianity was supported by Roman imperial power as the chief religion of the empire. Marjanen assumes that the most important reasons why the Montanists were declared heretics, were the ecstatic character of the Montanist prophecy, the major role of women within the movement as well as the rigorous emphasis on holiness in living. With regard to the holy scriptures no anti-Montanist heresiologist accuses them of not accepting those used by "mainstream Christians". However, they were convinced that Jesus' promise of the Paraclete Spirit, who would both assist the believers in interpreting the earlier scriptures and provide them with new prophetic insight (cf. John 16:12-13), had been materialised among them. Therefore the Montanists considered it possible and necessary to complement and expand the incomplete work of the evangelists and the apostles with new writings. To what extent did the Paraclete texts, found exclusively in the Gospel of John and to which the Montanists appealed to legitimise their prophetic 10 Jostein Adna activity, harm the recognition of this gospel among "mainstream Christians"? Marjanen's scrutinizing investigation of the available sources leads to the conclusion that a rejection of the Gospel of John based on its use among the Montanists only occurred in Rome and even there only among a limited number of Christians. He reaches a similar result for the Apocalypse of John and the Epistle to the Hebrews. The well-known opposition towards the Apocalypse in the East and towards Hebrews in the West was mostly motivated on other grounds than the popularity of these two writings among Montanists. As was the case with the Gospel of John, only in the circle of the presbyter Gaius in Rome was the alleged linking of the Apocalypse and Hebrews with Montanist thinking a decisive argument for not granting to them an authoritative position in the church. Finally, even regarding the two apocalyptic writings the Shepherd of Hermas and the Apocalypse of Peter, which in spite of significant popularity among early Christians were not taken into the New Testament canon, there is no justification for the assumption that a particular interest for these writings among the Montanists played any decisive role in their nonacceptance. Marjanen concludes that the significance of the anti-Montanist polemic has been overestimated in dominant scholarly assessments of why there during the canonisation process was opposition against including the Gospel of John, the Apocalypse and Hebrews into the New Testament canon.

The last essay in the section on the New Testament Canon is PETRI LUOMANEN'S "On the Fringes of Canon: Eusebius' View of the 'Gospel of the Hebrews'" (pp. 265-281). In his Ecclesiastical History, the early 4th century historian Eusebius classifies the "Gospel of the Hebrews" among the so-called antilegomena, and he makes three more references to it in his writings, two of which are taken from Papias and Hegesippus. Even though Eusebius seems to rely completely on second-hand information in Greek with regard to the "Gospel of the Hebrews", he also makes references to a gospel in Hebrew characters/language. Luomanen considers it likely that these gospels were related, although Eusebius himself does not explicitly connect them with each other. Generally, the passages referred to and quoted by Eusebius from these sources cohere with other Jewish-Christian gospel fragments. The surviving fragments seem to combine phrases from different synoptic gospels. Therefore, the original "Gospel of the Hebrews" as well as other Jewish-Christian gospels might have appeared as some kind of gospel harmonies. If so, it is plausible that they were dismissed like Tatian's Diatessaron was. As a matter of fact, by the time of Eusebius the "Gospel of the Hebrews" was no longer available to the writers within "mainstream" Christianity, and the main reason why Eusebius placed it in the second category in his list of canonical writings Index of Sources

I. Old Testament

Genesis 2 Chronicles 1-3 202 24:4-14 20n.6 1:27 195 2-3 76n.5, 197, 203 Nehemiah 3:16 75, 76n.5 10:32-33 20n.6 4:24 161 9:3 217 Job 42:9-10 (LXX) 160 Exodus 30:11-16 20n.6, 21n.8, 23 Psalms 30:12 (LXX) 23 18:5 (LXX) 125 30:13-14 28 19 125 30:13 (LXX) 23 51 164 30:16 (LXX) 23 103 164 32:15-35 225 103:12 160 104:20 (LXX) 160 Leviticus 11 214 Isaiah 15-17 230 1:18 164 40:1-2 (LXX) 160 Numbers 43:25 164 22-24 224 44:22 164 51:1-2 154 Deuteronomy 14 214 Jeremiah 31:34 164 2 Samuel 36:3 164 7 155 7:14 151 Ezekiel 45:17 215 1 Kings 18-21 224 Daniel 1:8-16 36n.67 2 Kings 2:1 228 9 224 10:3 36n.67

1 Chronicles Hosea 17 155 2:11 215 2:13 215 410 Index of Sources

Joel Amos 3:1 228 9:11-12 231n.l 11

II. Old Testament Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha

Judith 12:1—4 36n.67 Joseph and Aseneth 4.7 88 1 Maccabees 7.1 36n.67 1:47 36n.67 8.1 88 1:62-63 214 8.5 36n.67 1:62 36n.67 Odes of Solomon 2 Maccabees 4.8 232 5:27 36n.67, 214 Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs Wisdom Joseph 14:12-31 225 Judah Sirach 15.4 36n.67 28:2 160 Reuben 1.8-10 36n.67 4 Ezra 9:26 241n.6

III. Qumran Writings

4Q159 21n.8

IV. Jewish Hellenistic Writings

Josephus 16.163--164 22 16.164--165 22 Antiquitates judaicae (Jewish 16.164 22 Antiquities) 16.167--168 41n.81 3.194-196 21n.l0 16.168 22 11.346 36n.67 16.169--170 22 14.110-113 21n.l0 16.170 22 14.110 20-21, 41n.81 16.171--173 41n.81 14.113 21, 41n.81 16.171 22 14.227 23n.l7 16.172 22, 23n.l6 16.28 21n.l0, 22, 41n.81 18.312--313 21n.l0 16.45 21n.l0, 22, 41n.81 18.312 20n.6, 21nn.7.11, 16.160-172 21n.l0, 22n.l4 26n.27, 27n.31 16.160-168 22 18.313 21 16.162-165 41n.81 Index of Sources 411

Bellum Judaicum (Jewish War) De migratione Abrahami 1.633 126 89-93 56 2.350 30n.48 6.335 22n.l4 De praemiis et poenis 7.218 20n.6,21nn.7.8, 2 355n.45 24n.21, 26n.27 De Providentia Contra Apionem (Against Apion) 2.69-70 36n.67 1.29 355n.45 2.134 41n.83 Quis rerum divinarum heres sit 186-189 21n.l0 Philo 186 23 De Abrahamo De sacrificiis Abelis et Caini 3 370n.l00 117 23n.l8 De congressu eruditionis gratia De somniis 175 355n.45 1.33 355n.45 De fuga et invent ione 1.48 355n.45 2.265 355n.45 132 355n.45 2.301 355n.45 Legatio ad Gaium De specialibus legibus 131 227 1.77-78 21n.l0,23n.l6 156-157 21n.l0 1.77 21n.7,23-24 156 23n.l6, 34n.59 1.78 21n.ll ,23 216 21n.l0 291 21n.l0, 23n.l6 De vita contemplativa 311-316 21n.l0 311-313 41n.81 36-37 36n.67 311 23n.l6 73-74 36n.67 315 41n.81

V. New Testament

Matthew 4:12 147 1:16-17 151 4:17 147 1:21 164 4:18 152 2:4 151 4:21 299 2:17-18 105n.45 5:6 171 3:3 160 5:9 27n.36 3:6 164 5:10-11 171 3:14-15 164 5:11-12 106 3:15 369 5:17^18 163 3:17 151 5:21-26 298 4:1-11 156 5:22 297n.38 4:3 151 5:23 297n.38 4:6 151 5:24 297n.38 4:12-16 147 5:45 27n.36 412 Index of Sources

5:47 297n.38, 300 14:28-29 152 6:9-15 161, 165 14:33 151 6:14-15 162 15:1-20 162, 221 6:33 171 15:13 152 7:1-5 298 15:19-20 221 7:3 297n.38 15:20 222n.60 7:4 297n.38 16:5-12 163n.35 7:5 297n.38 16:13-20:34 148 7:12 163 16:13-28 148 7:15 169 16:13-20 6, 147-49, 151, 154 7:21-23 27 16:14 105n.45, 107 7:22 169, 402 16:15-16 6 7:27 151 16:16 151-53 8:5-13 27 16:17-19 5-6, 145-72 8:14 152 16:17 6, 148-49, 150-52 8:21 299 16:18 6, 149, 152-56 9:1-8 165 16:19 6, 149,156-64, 165-68 9:2 161n.31 16:20 149, 151 9:8 165 16:21-28 148 10 167, 170, 171n.46 16:21-23 156 10:2 152 16:21 147-48 10:8 167 16:24 148 10:11-15 167 17:5 151 10:32-33 151 17:24-27 2, 26-29, 34n.60, 10:34-36 277 41-43 10:40^12 167, 171 17:24 26 10:41 169, 171-72 17:25-26 26 11:2-16:12 148 17:26 28, 41 11:2 151 17:27 26-27 11:16-19 106 18 157, 298, 300 11:17 171 18:1-35 27 11:25-27 152 18:1-14 171-72 11:25 152 18:3 168 12:1-5 163 18:10-14 157 12:6 28 18:10 151, 172 12:22-30 156 18:15-35 157, 162, 165 12:38-42 106 18:15-18 299 12:46-50 299n.42 18:15-17 161-62, 167, 298 12:48 297n.38 18:15 162, 297n.38 12:49 297n.38, 299n.42 18:17 154 12:50 151, 297n.38, 300 18:18 6, 149n.8, 157-58, 13 170 161-66 13:16 150 18:19-20 162 13:18-23 156 18:19 151 13:24-30 156 18:21-35 161-62 13:38 27n.36 18:21-22 299 13:43 171 18:21 161-62, 297n.38 13:49 171 18:25-35 27n.36 13:52 170 18:27 162 13:53-58 299 Index of Sources 413

18:35 152, 162-63, 297n.38, 27:54 151 299 27:57 170 19:21 276n.26 28:10 297n.38, 298-99 19:28-30 27 28:18-20 167, 170 20:20-28 172 28:19 170 20:28 43, 165 20:34 6 Mark 21:1-17 148 1:4 164 21:12-17 28, 43 1:7 273n.20 21:28-22:14 107n.55 1:21-34 294 21:31-32 164 2:13 273n.20 21:33-41 105n.50 3:16 152n.ll 21:43 157 3:31-35 293-94, 299n.42 22:1-14 27n.36 3:33-34 286 22:34-40 163 3:33 290n.l0 23:8-12 168 3:34-35 294, 300-301 23:8-10 163, 299 3:34 290n.l0 23:8 297n.38 3:35 290n.l0 23:11-12 172 6:1-6 294 23:13 157 6:4 300 23:29-24:2 107n.55 7 222n.56 23:29-36 106 7:1-23 221-22 23:29 171 7:2 36n.67 23:34-35 107n.55 7:5 36n.67 23:34 169-70 7:6 222n.56 23:35 171 7:15 8, 221, 236n.l37, 23:37-39 106 237n.l38 24:1-2 28 7:18-19 8, 221 24:9-14 156 7:19 221-22, 236n.l37 24:22 156 8:27-30 149n.8 24:31 156 8:38 294,232 24:40-43 277-78 10:28-31 293 24:45-51 276 10:29 233n.l 19 25 171 10:30 290n.l0 25:14-30 275 10:45 43n.85 25:14 276n.26 11:25 294 25:30 276 12:1-9 105n.50 25:31-46 27n.36 13:12 293 25:37 171 13:32 294 25:40 297n.38, 298 14:36 294 25:46 171 26:28 165 Luke 26:36-46 156 2:1 126 26:61 155 3:3 164 26:63 155 4:24 300 26:63 151 5:10-11 300 27:9-10 105n.45 5:17 219 27:25 185n.27 6:14 152n.ll 27:37 151 6:22-23 106 27:40 151 414 Index of Sources

6:24-26 199n.61 17:33-35 277-78 6:27-36 300 20:9-16 105n.50 6:35 (Q) 295 21:16-17 301n.43 6:36-38 (Q) 295 21:25 272 6:36 (Q) 296 22:19 165 6:41-42 (Q) 295 22:32 297n.38, 301 6:41 (Q) 290n.l0, 297n.38 23:46 367 6:42 (Q) 290n.l0, 295n.31, 24:25-27 181n.l8 297n.38 24:34 167 7:31-35 106 24:38-39 368 7:32-35 (Q) 296n.36 24:42-43 370 8:3 276n.26 24:53 29n.44 8:19-21 300-301 8:21 297n.38 John 9:59-60 (Q) 296 1:14 368n.91 9:61-62 296, 301n.43 1:29 160 10:21-22 (Q) 296 1:42 152n.ll 10:21 (Q) 295 5:19 384 10:23 150 5:23 384 11:2 (Q) 295-96 5:30 384 11:11-13 (Q) 296 6:51-58 368n.91 11:27 (Q) 296 7:26 272 11:29-32 106 7:53-8:11 271,279 11:41 218n.36 8:2 273n.20 11:47-51 106 8:28-29 384 12:11 30n.48 8:37-47 185n.27 12:13-14 (Q) 296 10:30 384, 393n.46 12:16-21 199n.61 13:20 384 12:30 (Q) 296 15:12 401 12:33 276n.26 15:13-15 305 12:35-48 403 15:17 305 12:39-40 (Q) 296n.36 16:12-13 9, 246 12:42—46 (Q) 296n.36 17:2 277 12:49-53 (Q) 296 17:6 277 12:51-53 111 17:9 211 13:34-35 106 17:18 384 14:16-24 (Q) 296n.36 17:23 384 14:26-27 233n.ll9 17:24 277 14:26 296, 300n.43 18:9 277 14:33 300n.43 19:34 368n.91 15:1-2 301n.44 19:35 368n.91 15:11-32 301n.44 20:17 297n.38, 304 15:12 276n.26 20:21 384 15:13 276-277 20:23 157-58, 166 15:30 276 20:24-29 36811.91 15:31-32 301n.44 21 304 16:19-31 199n.61 21:5 370 16:37 162 21:10 370 17:3-4 (Q) 296, 300 21:17 400 17:3 (Q) 290n.l0, 297n.38 Index of Sources 415

21:23 297n.38,304 15:32 297n.38 21:25 272 15:33 297n.38 15:36 297n.38 Acts 15:40 297n.38 1:15 297n.38 16:2 297n.38 1:16 297n.38 16:40 297n.38 2:29 297n.38, 301 17:2 29n.44 2:37 297n.38 17:6 297n.38 2:46 29n.44,228 17:10 297n.38 3:1 29n.44 17:14 297n.38 3:17 297n.38 17:16-34 301 3:22 297n.38 17:29 301, 309n.67 5:3-4 383n.l 1 18:1-3 130 5:21 29n.44 18:18 297n.38 5:34 219 18:27 297n.38 5:42 29n.44 19:21 142 6:3 297n.38 19:29 142 7:2 297n.38,301 20:4 132, 141-42 7:23 297n.38 20:5-12 142 7:25 297n.38 20:6 29n.44 7:26 297n.38 20:16 29n.44 7:38 297n.38 20:18-35 181 9:17 295n.31,297n.38 21:7 297n.38 9:30 297n.38 21:17 297n.38 10:14 36n.67 21:20 29n.44, 295n.31, 10:23 297n.38 297n.38 10:28 36n.67 21:25 229n.l02 10:41 370 22:1 297n.38, 301 11:1 297n.38 22:5 297n.38 11:8 36n.67 22:13 295n.31, 297n.38 11:12 297n.38 22:17 29n.44 11:29 297n.38 23:1 297n.38 12:17 297n.38 23:5 297n.38 13:14 29n.44 23:6 297n.38 13:15 297n.38 24:5 126 13:26 297n.38 28:14 297n.38 13:38 297n.38 28:15 297n.38 14:2 297n.38 28:17 297n.38 15 231 28:21 297n.38 15:1-30 230n.l 10 15:1 297n.38 Romans 15:3 297n.38 1 126-27 15:7 297n.38 1:4 320n.l 1 15:13 297n.38 1:8 126 15:16-18 23 In. 111 2:17-21 219n.42 15:20 229n.l02 2:17 34, 306 15:22 297n.38 2:28-29 37n.71 15:23 297n.38 3:25 42 15:29 229 4:12 219 416 Index of Sources

5:9 306 15:1 215 5:12-19 195n.53 15:6 36 6:3-14 194, 195n.53 15:19 125 6:17 218n.34, 325n.22 15:24 125 6:20 41n.84 15:25-28 34 7:1 34 15:25 35n.64 7:3 41n.84 15:30-32 35 8:12-17 195n.53 15:31 35 8:28-30 195n.53 16 132n.35 8:29 292, 304 16:1-2 140, 195 9:3 290n.l2 16:3 34 10 125 16:5 125 10:18 125 16:6-7 34 12:9-10 306 16:10-11 34 12:10 291 16:16 126,131, 155n.l8 12:13 141 16:21 177n.5 12:14-21 33 16:23 125 13-15 36 13:1-10 2, 29-57, 38, 42 1 Corinthians 13:1-7 30, 31n.51, 33, 39 1:2 5, 123, 133, 135-36, 13:1-5 30, 39 138, 155n.l8 13:1 29-30, 39 1:10 135 13:3-4 39 1:12 138 13:3 39 1:13 138 13:4 30n.47, 39 4:16-17 129 13:5 39 4:17 136-37, 177n.5 13:6-7 30, 32-33 5-7 187 13:6 30 5:9 137 13:7-10 39-40 6:1-11 291 13:7-8 33 6:5-6 292 13:7 30, 33-34, 39 6:7-8 292 13:8-10 33, 36, 39 6:9-11 225 13:8 33-34 6:11 135 13:11-14 33 6:12-20 194 14:1-15:13 291 7 196 14:1-15:7 36 7:1-9 194, 198 14 36n.67, 218, 291 7:1 137,214 14:1-6 34 7:5 194 14:1 215, 291 7:17 129,136-37 14:2 215 7:21-22 41n.84 14:3-17 217 7:25 87 14:3 215, 217 7:26-31 194 14:6 36n.67, 217 7:32-40 194 14:10 291 7:36-38 198n.58 14:13 291 8 230, 291 14:14 36n.67, 215, 237n.l38 8:6 136 14:15 291 9:1 138 14:19 36 9:14 126 14:20 36n.67, 215, 217-18, 10 230 222, 237n.l38 Index of Sources 417

10:1-13 181n.l8 7:6 177n.5 10:4 153 7:13 177n.5 10:23-11:1 196 7:14 177n.5 10:32 137, 155n.l8 8-9 128 11:2-16 195-96 8:3—4 128 11:3 190, 197 8:6-7 128 11:6-15 196 8:6 177n.5 11:7-9 197 8:16 177n.5 11:16 136-37, 155n.l8 8:19 141 11:19 319n.9, 401 8:23 141, 177n.5 11:20-34 228 9:2 128 11:20-22 229 10:13 327n.26 11:22 155n.l8 11:2 190 11:24-25 165 11:9 128 11:26 126 11:26 290 11:33-34 229 12:18 177n.5 12:3 135 12:13 41n.84 Galatians 13:2-7 401 1:1 138 13:4-7 404 1:4 194 14:15-19 196 1:15-16 150 14:23 125 1:18 150 14:33 136-37 2 230 14:34-36 76n.5, 195-96, 2:1-10 230n.l 10 197n.55, 203 2:1 177n.5 14:34 75 2:3 177n.5 15 370n.l01 2:4 290 15:5 167 2:6 231n.l09 15:8-10 323n.l7 2:9 150 15:9 155n.l8, 323 2:11-14 150 15:11 137 2:12 219 15:20-28 195n.53 2:19-20 194 15:24 29n.46 3:27-28 194-96, 202 15:42-49 195n.53 3:28 41n.84, 75, 76n.5, 16:1 129,137 4:1-7 195n.53 16:3-4 141 4:21-31 181n.l8 16:5 128 4:22-23 41n.84 16:10 177n.5 4:26 41n.84 16:17 141 4:30-31 41n.84 16:19 125,130 5:12 222n.60 5:19-21 225 2 Corinthians 5:20 319n.9 1:1 134, 177n.5 6:14 194 1:16 128 6:15 194 1:19 177n.5 2:10 166n.38 Ephesians 2:13 128, 177n.5 1:21 29n.46, 228 2:14 136 2:4 166n.38 7:5 128 2:14 235 418 Index of Sources

2:16 235 3:11 41n.84 3:8 323 3:13 166n.38 3:10 29n.46 3:18-4:1 190n.42 4:2-3 404 3:18-21 232 4:4-6 124 4:7 302 4:6 299n.41 4:15 125, 302 4:13 124 4:16 138, 139n.66 4:14 234 5:21-33 190 1 Thessalonians 5:22-6:9 190n.42 1:1 177n.5 5:23 155n.l8 1:4 127 6:8 41n.84 1:7-9 127 6:12 29n.46 1:8 136 6:21 302 2:14-16 185n.27 6:23 302 2:14 127 3:2 177n.5 Philippians 3:6 177n.5 1:1 177n.5 4:3-8 193, 196, 198 1:17-18 126 4:9-12 292 2:3-5 166n.38 4:9-10 291 2:14-18 180 4:11-12 292 2:19 177n.5 3:2 222n.60 1 Timothy 3:13 180 1:2 183 4:1-2 291 1:3-11 179 4:9 129 1:3 177n.8, 211, 342n.4 4:21 132n.33 1:4 179n.l3, 184, 186 4:22 130, 140 1:5 189n.38 1:6 211 Colossians 1:7 184, 219 1 1-2 302 1:8-11 189n.39, 192 1 1 216n.26 1:10 183n.20, 187 1 15 234n.l28 1:11 186 1 16 29n.46, 227 1:12-17 180 1 18 155n.l8, 234n.l28 1:15 189n.37, 323 1 21-22 235 1:16 189n.41 1 24 155n.l8 1:18-19 177 2 236n.l37 1:18 186n.30 2:8 211 1:19 189n.38, 211 2:10 29n.46 1:20 21 ln.l 2:15 29n.46 2:1-15 190n.42 2:16-23 217 2:1-7 183 2:16 8, 211, 214-17, 2:1-2 193 236-37n.l37, 363n.72 2:5-6 188n.34 2:18 231 2:9-14 197 2:20-22 214 2:9-12 199 2:20-21 236n.l37 2:9-10 179 2:21 214 2:11-15 184 2:22 214,221-22 2:11-12 199 Index of Sources 419

2:12 203 6:17-19 189, 199 2:13-15 203 6:17-18 179 2:14 195 6:20 185, 187 2:15 188,197,199 6:21 211 3:1-13 193 3:1 189n.37 2 Timothy 3:2 141,232 1:2 183 3:6-7 179 1:3-5 182 3:9 189n.38 1:3 189n.38 3:11 179 1:6 177 3:16 186, 188n.34 1:8-11 180 4:1-3 185 1:9-10 188n.34 4:1 211, 213, 218, 232 1:11 180 4:2 218 1:12 187 4:3-5 237n.l37 1:13 177, 183n.20, 189n.41 4:3-4 217 1:14 187 4:3 8, 179, 184, 212, 217, 2:1-2 176, 182 232 2:8-9 180 4:4-5 185 2:11-13 188n.34 4:4 217,222 2:11 189n.37 4:5 217 2:14-17 185 4:6 212, 302 2:16-18 179, 184 4:7 184 2:17 21 ln.l 4:9 189n.37 2:23-26 186 4:12 184 2:23-24 185 2:26 4:14 177 179 3:1-7 5:1-2 302,308n.63 179, 185-86 3:2-5 5:2 302,312 189n.39 3:4-7 5:3-10 197, 199 188 3:6-7 5:3-4 198 184,203-204 3:10-17 5:8 198 177 4:3-4 5:9-10 197 179, 184, 186 4:3 5:11-15 184-85,197-98,204 183n.20, 187 4:6-7 5:11-13 203 180 4:7 5:11-12 198n.58 186n.30 4:14 5:14-15 186 21 ln.l 4:16 5:14 179,188,232 180 4:21 5:16 199 302 5:21 232 6:1-2 190n.42, 198,303 Titus 6:3-10 185 1 4 183 6:3-5 185 1 5-9 193 6:3 183n.20, 187, 342n.4 1 5 177 6:4-5 189n.39 1 6 232 6:6 201 1 8 141 6:9-10 179, 199 1 9 183n.20 6:9 186 1 10-16 179, 185 6:10 211 1 10 184, 219 6:12 186n.30 1 11 185 6:13-16 188n.34 420 Index of Sources

1:14 184, 359n.61 2:15 306 1:15 8, 218, 222 4:11-12 306 2:1-3:2 192 5:1-6 199n.61 2:1-10 190n.42 2:1 183n.20 1 Peter 2:4-5 232 1:1-2 40n.79 2:9-10 199 1:1 38n.75, 133 2:9 199 1:2 38n.75 2:11-3:2 183 1:4 38n.75 2:15 177 1:10-12 38n.75 3:1-2 189, 193 1:13 38n.75 3:3 182, 189n.39 1:14-16 38n.75 3:4-7 188n.34 1:14 38 3:8 177, 189n.37 1:17-19 38n.75 3:9-11 185 1:18-19 40, 42 3:9 179, 184, 359n.61 1:18 38 3:10 342n.4 1:22-2:1 40 1:22 38n.75, 306 Philemon 2:4-17 2, 29, 38-41, 42 1 177n.5 2:4-11 38n.75 16 292 2:4-10 38n.75, 41 2:5 38n.75, 40 Hebrews 2:9-10 40 2:11-18 304 2:9 38n.75, 40n.79 2:11-12 304 2:10 38 2:17 304 2:11-12 192 3:1 304 2:13-17 39-41, 192 3:12 304 2:13-14 41 6:4-6 254 2:13 39 7:5 304 2:14 39 8:11 304 2:15 39 9:12 43n.85 2:16 39,41 10:19 304 2:17 39-40 10:26-27 254 2:18-3:7 190n.42 11:4 171 2:18-25 192 12:16-17 254 2:25 22, 38, 40n.79 13:1 304 3:1-7 192 13:2 141 3:5-6 38n.75 13:22 304 3:5 38n.75 13:23 304 3:8 306 3:19-21 38n.75 James 4:2-3 38 1:1 133 4:8 40 1:2 306 4:9 141 1:9-10 306 4:17 40n.79 1:16 306 5:2 40n.79 1:19 306 5:12 306 2:1-7 199n.61 5:13 38n.75, 40n.79 2:14-16 306 Index of Sources 421

2 Peter 17-18 227n.84 1:7 306 24 226n.80 1:10 306 2:1 342n.4 Revelation 2:7 171 1:9-11 223 2:14 226n.77 1:9 297n.38 2:15-16 224 2-3 8, 223, 231 2:15 226n.77 2:9 44 3:15 306 2:14 8, 223, 226n.77, 237n.l37 1 John 2:15 224 346 2:20 8, 223, 237n.l37 1:1-3 368n.91 2:24 229 2:2 368n.91 3:5 232 2:9-11 305 3:9 44 3:5 160 3:14 234n.l28 3:10-17 305 5:11 231 3:13-16 305 6:11 297n.38 4:1-3 368n.91 7:11-12 231 4:15 368n.91 9:15 250 4:16 402 12:10 297n.38 4:20-21 305 14:1-5 85, 87-88 5:6 368n.91 14:4 88, 232 14:10 232n.l 17 2 John 17-18 19:1-3 1 368n.91 19:10 297n.38 21:2 Jude 21:8 4 227 21:9 6-8 226 88 22:8-10 7 226 231 8 226-27 22:9 297n.38 10 226-27 22:15 88 11 224-25 12 8, 226-29

VI. Apostolic Fathers

Barnabas 6.15 297n.38 265, 266n.3, 345 19.4 297n.38 1.8 322 2.10 297n.38 1 Clement 3.6 297n.38 1.1 297n.38 4.6 322n.l5 2.4 297n.38 4.9 322n.l5 4.7 297n.38 4.14 297n.38 10.7-12.8 141 5.5 297n.38 13.1 298n.38 6.5 322 14.1 298n.38 6.10 297n.38 21.1 298n.38 422 Index of Sources

33.1 298n.38 Visions 37.1 298n.38 2.2.4-5 258 38.3 298n.38 41.1 298n.38 Ignatius 41.2 298n.38 To the Ephesians 41.4 298n.38 43.4 298n.38 1.1 370 45.1 298n.38 1.2 322 45.6 298n.38 1.3-2.1 364 46.1 298n.38 1.3 131n.32, 319, 321, 47.5 298n.38 330n.31,334, 342, 365, 48.1 298n.38 384nn.16.17, 385n.20 52.1 298n.38 2.2-6.1 319,322 62.1 298n.38 2.2 319-20, 323n.l9, 333, 384n.l6 2 Clement 3.1-2 322,335 3.1 322-23, 328n.27 1.1 308n.63 3.2 319-20,322,333 4.3 308n.63 4.1-2 381 5.1 308n.63 4.1 319-21,334-36, 5.5 308n.63 344n. 11, 384n.l6, 385 7.1 308n.63 4.2 320,344n.ll 8.4 308n.63 5-6 342 9.10-10.1 308 5.1-3 381-82 9.11 308n.63 5.1 320-21,333,365, 10.1 308n.63 385n.21 11.5 308n.63 12.5 308 5.2-3 385n.23 5.2 320,355n.46 13.1 308n.63 5.3 321,333,365 14.1 308n.63 6.1 319, 321, 333, 382, 384 14.3 308n.63 6.2-9.2 319 16.1 308n.63 6.2 319n.9, 342, 360, 365, 19.1 308 385n.21 20.2 308 7-8 344 7.1 369 Didache 7.2 369,371 109, 265-66 8.1 319n.9, 334, 360, 4.8 297n.38 385n.21 11-13 170 9.1-2 342 9.1 344n.ll, 365, 367, Shepherd of Hermas 385n.21 265, 266n.3 10.1-3 319 Mandates 10.3 297n.38, 309n.67 4.1.4-11 258 11.1-15.3 319 4.3 258 12.2 328n.27 8.10 141 13 385n.23 Similitudes 14.1 344n.l 1 8.6.3-6 258 14.2 344n.l 1, 355n.46 9.27.2 141 15.2 368n.92 9.31.5 257 16.1-19.3 319 Index of Sources 423

16.1 297n.38 10 363 18 344 10.1-3 364n.77 18.2 369-70 10.1 65-66, 360 19.1 361n.67 10.2 66, 363 20.1 344n.l 1 10.3 65-66, 363 20.2 384n.l7, 385n.23 11 342, 346, 359, 369, 21.1 332, 365 385n.21 21.2 337 11.1 334-35, 364, 365n.79 12.1 326, 328n.27 To the Magnesians 13.1 325, 334, 344n.l 1 i.i jwrn.i l 13.2 324, 333, 381-82, 384 1.2 324, 344n.l 1 14 344n.l 1 2-7 358 14.1 334-35, 337 2.1-7.2 324 15.1 364 2-4 359n.58 2 131n.32, 358, 3

9.1 369-370 7.1-8.1 354 10 371, 385n.22 7.1-2 333 10.1 327, 365 7.1 329-30,334,343,354 11.1 355n.46 7.2 329-30, 354, 381 12.1 132 8.1-2 334 12.2 327, 385n.23 8.1 330, 381, 384 12.3 344n.l 1 8.2-9.2 354-355 13.1 337, 364 8.2 328-30, 345-48, 352, 13.2 326, 333, 384n.l7 355, 373, 385 9.1 356,373 To the Romans 9.2 344n.ll, 355-57, 373 2.2 337 10.1 337 3.3 325n.21 11.1 330,334,354 4.1 341 11.2 297n.38,344n.ll 5.1 341 6.1 320n.l 1 To the Smyrnaeans 6.2 297n.38 1-7 344 7.3 360n.64 1-4 374 8.1 360 1-3 366 9.1 337, 383n.l2 1.1-3.3 331 1 369,370n.99 To the Philadelphias 1.1 344n.ll, 355n.46, 369 prescr. 329, 333, 334, 354, 1.2 371 371, 385n.23 2-3 344, 350n.33 1-4 329 2 385n.22 384n.l7 1-3 3.1 370 1 342 3.3 370 1.1-2 329, 334 4.1-7.2 331 1.1 329, 333, 344n.l 1 4.1 334, 342, 359n.59, 369, 1.2 329n.29 385n.21 354 2-4 4.2 371 2.1 329-30 5.1 367 342, 354 2.2 5.2 350n.33 354 3.1-4.1 6 344 3.1 330, 342, 354, 355n.46 6.1 232n.ll8, 344n.l 1, 3.2 329-30, 360, 381, 384, 365, 367-68, 370, 372 386n.24 6.2 342, 344n.ll, 370 297n.38, 354 3.3 7.1 366, 370 3.4 381 7.2 330, 372 4 385n.23 8 384n.l6 5-9 344, 347, 385n.22 8.1-2 331,337,385 5.1-9.2 330 8.1 331, 333-34, 383-84 297n.38, 335, 368n.92 5.1 8.2 331,333 5.2 346, 356 9.1 331,383-84 6-10 354 9.2 342 67, 346, 348, 354, 356, 6.1 11.1-2 337 369 12.1 297n.38 6.2 329, 344n.l 1 12.2 331,334n.35 6.3-7.2 328, 385 13.1 297n.38 6.3-7.1 330 Index of Sources 425

To Polycarp Martyrdom of Polycarp 330n.31 9.3 341n.l 1.2 334,344n.ll, 355n.46 20.1 139^f0 2.2 355n.46 3.2 355n.46 Polycarp 4.2 334 To the Philippians 5.1 297n.38 3.1 298n.38 6.1 332-33, 335,384n.l6 298n38 7.1-2 337 9.1 342n.2 7.2 344n.ll 10.1 298n.38 8.2 337 12.1 322-23 13.1-2 139 14.1 298n.38

VII. New Testament Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha

Acts of Andrew Gospel of Thomas 202-203 109,112 2 278 Acts of Paul 26.1-2 295n.30 7, 176, 189n.40, 196, 50 277 200, 202, 260, 265, 61-62 278 266n.3 61 278 62 277-78 Apocalypse of Peter 72.1-2 296n.34 10, 240, 245n.l9, 246, 99 297n.38 265, 266n.3 Pseudo-Clementines Book ofThecla, see Acts of Paul and Epistula Clementis Thecla in Index of Subjects and 2 159n.28 Names 5 159n.28 14-15 159n.28 Gospel of the Ebionites 273n.20 Recognitiones 1.27-71 357, 373 Gospel of the Hebrews 1.45.4-5 357 11, 265-81, 298n.38 1.46-48 373 1.46.1 357 1.47.3 358 1.48.3-5 358

VIII. Nag Hammadi Codices

Allogenes 63.34-35 361n.66 60.13-17 361n.66 68.32-33 361n.66 61.1-22 361n.66 62.24-25 361n.66 426 Index of Sources

Apocryphon of John Thunder: Perfect Mind l.l^t 361n.66 14.9-10 361n.66 6.35-7.4 361n.66 Tripartite Tractate First Apocalypse of James 109.24-110.22 362n.69 28.1-3 361n.66 111.6-14 362n.69 112.9-22 362n.69 Discourse on the Eighth and Ninth 113.2-28 362n.69 56.10-13 361n.66 113.28-114.1 362n.69 58.19-21 361n.66 128.30-31 361n.66

Eugnostos Trimorphic Protennoia 88.5-12 361n.66 36.1-2 361 n.66 36.10-13 361 n.66 Gospel of the Egyptians 40ff. 361n.66 A Valentinian Exposition 22.21-27 361n.66 Marsanes 23.21-23 361n.66 7 361n.66 24.19-22 361n.66 29.31-33 361n.66 Sophia of Jesus Christ 39.24 361n.66 112.4-10 361n.66 117.15-21 361n.66

IX. Ancient Christian Writings

Aristides Stromata Apology 4.13.93.1 241n.7 15 308n.63, 309 Cyprian Augustine De bono patientiae Epistulae 3-5 405 54.2, 3 68n.53 6-9 405 196 68n.53 14 405 15 404 Basil of Caesarea 16 404 19 404 Epistulae 188 244n.l7 De catholicae ecclesiae unitate 399-403 Clement of Alexandria 2 400 Eclogae propheticae 3 400 41.2 259 4-9 401 48.1 259 4-5 394n.46, 395n.50, 399-400, 403 Hypotyposeis 4 394n.46 259 6-9 400 6 393, 400 Index of Sources

7 394n.48 74:11.3 395n.48 9 401 14 394n.48, 400n.63, 401, Cyril of Jerusalem 403n.65 Catecheses 14.21-22 401-402 10.16 68n.53 15 400n.63, 403n.65 16.8 241n.7 15.19-22 402 16 402 18 402 Didascalia Apostolorum 19 402 272 20-21 402 23 402 Didymus 24-27 402-403 Commentarii in Ecclesiasten 24 402 4.233.7-13 272 25.1-3 403 26.1-2 403 De Trinitate 27 403 3.41 244n.l7 27.1-3 403 Epiphanius Epistulae 29:2 394n.48 Panarion (Adversus haereses) 43:5.3 394n.46 2.3 115n.92 48:4.2 394n.48, 395n.50 30.3 267-68 55:8.1 394n.48 30.3.1 371 55:24 394n.48 30.13.7 371 55:24.2 395n.50 48.1 241n.7 55:27.2 394n.48 48.1.2-14.2 243 59:7.3 394n.46 48.1.3 244 60:4 394n.48 48.1.4 245 66:1 394n.48 48.9.7 258n.58 66:8.3 394nn.46.47 48.11.5-6 244n.l7 68:3.2 395n.50 48.14.3 243n.l5 68:5.2 395n.51 48.15.1 243n. 15 69:2.1 394n.48 51 249 69:2.2 395n.48 51.33.3-5 250n.31 69:3.2 394n.48 69:4.1 394n.48 Eusebius 70:3.1 394n.46, 398n.56 Chronicon 71:3.1 394n.46 341n.l 72:3.1 395-96 73:7.1 394n.46 Historia ecclesiastica 73:10 407n.68 2.23 274 73:10.1 394n.48 2.23.25 133 73:10.3 395n.48 2.25.6-7 243 73:12.1 398 2.25.6 247 73:26.1 396, 404 3.3.2 260n.64 74:9.1 394n.48 3.3.5 255 74:11.1 393n.46 3.25 265, 267 74:11.2 394n.48 3.25.4-6 260 428 Index of Sources

3.25.4 253 7 25211.39 3.27 269 7.2-9 253 3.27.4 267 7.24-25 252 3.27.5 363n.72 7.25.1 253 3.28.1-2 243 7.25.3 372 3.28.2-5 372 7.26 253 3.31.4 243 3.32 274 Praeparatio evangelica 3.36-38 270 14 252n.39 3.39 270 3.39.1-2 270 Theophania 3.39.3^4 270 267, 275, 279 3.39.5-6 270 3.39.17 267, 271 Hippolytus 4.2.28 267 Refutatio omnium haeresium 4.7.3-4 366n.85 8.19 245 4.14.1 341n.l 8.19.1 244n.l7 4.15.1 341n.l 9.16.2-3 363n.72 4.22 273-74 4.23.6 258n.58 Irenaeus 4.23.11 133 5.1 131 Adversus haereses 5.1.3-63 243 1.10.1 388n.32 5.1.9-10 244n. 17 1.10.2 387 5.1.17 131 1.22.1 388n.32 5.1.49 131 1.24.1-2 367 5.3.1-4.2 248 1.24.1 366n.85 5.8.7 256 1.24.2 345 5.14 244n.l7 1.26.1-2 350n.34 5.16-17 243 1.26.1 350, 372-73 5.16.1 241n.7 1.26.2 269 5.16.4 241n.7 1.27.1 367, 389n.33 5.16.7 241n.6 2.11.1 388n.32 5.16.17 244, 245n.l8 2.28.1 388n.32 5.17.1 245n. 18 2.30.9 388n.32 5.18 243 3.2.2 390 5.18.2 241n.6, 242n.l0, 3.3.1 389 258n.58 3.3.3 388n.32 5.18.5 244, 245n. 18 3.4.2 388n.32 5.18.7 242n.l0 3.11.7 388n.32 5.18.14 253 3.11.8-9 269n.l0 5.19 243 3.11.9 244n.l7, 248 5.19.2 241n.7 3.15.3 388n.32 5.28.10 242n. 10 3.16.6 388n.32 6 252n.39 4.13.1-2 387n.30 6.14.1 259 4.16.4 387n.30 6.20.3 241n.7, 245n.l8, 247, 4.20.2 256 255 4.26.2-3 391n.41 6.25.3-14 239, 245n. 19 4.26.2 390-91 6.45-46 253 4.33.8 387n.29 Index of Sources 429

4.35.4 388n.32 Minucius Felix 5.20.1 387n.29, 388 Octavius 5.28.4 341 3.1 308n.63 5.1 308n.63 Jerome 9.2 287, 308n.63 Commentariorum in Isaiam libri XVI11 16.5 308n.63 11.1-3 278 31.8 286-87, 308n.63

Epistulae Origen 41.3 254 Contra Celsum 41.4 244n. 17 2.4 45 112.13 68n.53 5.61 269 129 254n.46 Commentarli in evangelium Joannis De viris illustribus 2.12 269n.ll 1 260 3 274 Commentarium in evangelium Matthaei 15.14 273n.20 Justin Apologia I Commentarii in Romanos 8 310 10.31 256 35.6 367n.85 45 310 Homiliae in Leviticum 65 308n.63, 310 5.8 68n.53

Apologia II De principiis 1 308n.63, 310 2.7.3 244n.l7

Dialogus cum Tryphone Tertullian 47 308n.63, 310 Apologeticus 58 308n.63, 310 39.8-10 ill 85 308n.63 46 311 91 308n.63, 310 96 308n.63, 310 De carne Christi 98 308n.63, 310 6 368 100 308n.63 106 310 De fuga in persecutione 134 308n.63 137 308n.63, 310 1.1 312

Methodius of Olympus De idololatria 13 311 Symposium (Convivium decern 15 311 virginum) 2.6 259 De jejunio adversus psychicos 5.1 88 1 244n.l7 430 Index of Sources

Adversas Marcionem 1.29 258n.58 Adversus Praxean 3.22 311 1 244n.l7 3.24 242n.9 4.42.6 368n.89 De pudicitia 4.43.7- 368n.90 1 258n.58 5.17 135n.46 10 258 20 258 Ad martyras 20.1-2 254 1.1 311 20.2 254n.45 2.6-7 311 21 244n.l7, 258n.58

De monogamia De resurrectione carnis 1 258n.58 11 244n.l7 2 244n.l7 26 242n.9 3 244n.l7 De spectaculis De oratione 3.1 312 2.2-7 311 19 311 11.1 311 11.2-3 311 De virginibus velandis 16 258 1 244n.l7,246-247

De patientia Pseudo-Tertullian 12.1-3 311 Adversus omnes haereres 7 244n.17.247 De praescriptione haereticorum 8 312

X. Greek Roman Authors

Cicero Pliny the Younger Pro Fiacco Epistulae ad Trajanum 67 21n.l0, 22, 34n.59 199n.60

Dio Cassius Plutarch Epit. Philopoemen 65.7.2 24n.21 17.4 30n.48 68.1.2 25n.24 Suetonius Lucian of Samosata Divus Claudius De morte Peregrini 25.4 32 13 287n.4 Domitianus 12.2 21n.8, 24n.21, 25, 37n.72 Index of Sources

Nero 13.28-29 32n.54 10.1 31-32 13.50-51 32 44.2 32n.54 13.50.1 31 15.44 37n.73 Tacitus Historiae Annates 5.5.1 21n.l0 12.60 32n.53

XI. Rabbinic Writings

Mishnah Baba Batra 9a 23n.l9 Abot 3.3 36n.67 Baba Qamma 36b 20n.6 Sheqalim 1.1-4 20n.6 Tosefta 1.3-7 20n.6 1.3-6 21n.7 Sheqalim 1.5 44n.88 1.6 23nn.17.19 1.8 28n.41 2.1-3 27n.32 Other Rabbinic Works 2.3-5 20n.6 2.3 23n.l7 Leviticus Rabbah 3.1 20n.6, 2In. 12 5.8 161n.31 3.3-4 20n.6 3.4 21n.l2 Mekhilta de-Rabbi Yishmael 4.1-2 23n.l7, 27n.32 Exodus 19.1 21n.8 4.5 23n.l7 6.5 20n.6 Pesiqta de-Rab Kahana 8.8 20n.6 23.153a 161n.31

Babylonian Talmud

Bekorot 50b 20n.6

XII. Editions of Manuscripts, Papyri, Inscriptions

Corpus Papyrorum Judaicorum The Oxyrhynchus Papyri 2.421 24n.21 840 276 Index of Authors

Aasgaard, Reidar 1 If, 285-316, 286n.2, Bakke, Odd Magne 14f, 317n.3, 337, 288nn.5.6, 289n.7, 290nn.l0-13, 379-408, 381n.8 291nn.15.16, 292nn.l7-20, Balch, David L. 125n.8, 141, 177n.8, 293n.21, 297n.38, 301n.45, 303n.50, 191n.44, 205, 207, 286n.2 308n.65 Balla, Peter 286n.2, 293nn.22.24, Achtemeier, Paul J. 38n.74, 39n.77, 294nn.26.27, 300n.43 40n.80, 222n.55 Balz, Horst 125n.l4 Ädna, Jostein 1-16, 20n.6, 21n.9, Bammel, Caroline P. Hammond 342n.2, 23n.l7, 43n.86, 155n.l9, 172, 350n.33, 380n.6 229n.l02, 230n.l04, 231n.lll Bammel, Ernst 31n.51 Adolph, A. 393n.45, 395nn.49.50, Barclay, John M.G. 21n.9, 22n.l5, 397n.54, 398n.58 24n.20, 25n.22, 36, 37n.70, 56n.30, Aejmelaeus, Lars 217n.27 211n.2 Aichele, George 73n.l, 79n.l4, Barnard, Leslie W. 348f, 356n.48, 81nn.19.21, 82n.22, 83nn.25.28, 359n.61 84n.30, 90n.52 Barrett, Charles K. 134n.44, 177n.5, Aland, Kurt 242n.ll, 261 181n.l9, 183n.23, 197n.56, 205, Alexander, Philip S. 49n.l4, 52n.21, 215n.24, 230nn.105.107.108, 59n.35 235n.l33, 347nn.20.22, 348n.24, Allison, Dale C. 26n.28, 27n.34, 99, 358n.56, 359nn.60.61, 363n.71 146n.3, 149n.8, 150n.l0, 152n.ll, Barth, Markus 220-21n.49, 235n.l30, 153n.l3, 154 n.16, 155n.21, 158, 235nn.132.133 161n.32, 163n.35, 173 Barton, Stephen C. 115n.91, 141n.70, Anderson, Benedict 62n.38 293nn.22.23, 294nn.25.26, 296n.35, Anderson, Janice Capel 77n.9, 78n.l3 299n.42, 300n.43 Arnal, William E. 97n.l4, 109-11 Bartsch, Hans-Werner 322n.l3, 337, Arnold, Clinton E. 216n.26 343, 347, 361n.66, 363nn.71.75, Ascough, Richard S. 116n.93,117f, 140 366n.81 Asgeirsson, Jon Ma. 4, 93-122, 97n.l6, Bassler, Jouette M. 128n.21, 176n.2, 98n.l7, 113n.83, 114n.87, 177nn.5.8, 179nn.12.13, 181n.l7, 115nn.88.89, 121n.ll7 183n.22, 187n.32, 189n.39, 193n.48, Aspegren, Kerstin 82-83n.24, 87n.42, 196n.54, 197n.56, 198nn.57.59, 205, 18In. 19, 189n.40, 200n.64, 205 211n.l, 217nn.29-31.33, Aune, David E. 178n.l0, 186n.28, 205, 219nn.41.42.44, 220nn.48.49, 223nn.61-63, 224nn.64.65.67, 232nn.114.115, 233n.ll8 225nn.70.73, 230n.l03, 233n.ll9 Bauckham, Richard 26n.28, 27nn.32.34, Avemarie, Friedrich 52n.l9 34n.60, 51, 54, 55, 212nn.7.8, 226, Aymer, Margaret P. 200n.64, 205 227nn.84.85.87.88, 228, 228nn.90.92.94-97, 229nn.98.101, Baba Tonga, Jean-Marc 5n.3 230nn.106.107, 231n.lll, Bachmann, Phillip 134n.45, 136n.56, 234nn.126.127 137n.60 Bauer, Johannes Bapt. 139n.67, Baker-Fletcher, Karen 76n.6 323n.l6, 338 Index of Authors 433

Bauer, Walter 223n.62, 319n.9, Bultmann, Rudolf 73, 93f, 175n.l, 205 320n.ll, 322nn.14.16, 325n.21, Burke, P. 381n.9, 386n.26 327nn.24.25, 338, 342-44, 346n.20, Burke, Trevor 286n.2, 288nn.5.6, 347n.21, 353, 363n.71, 366n.80 291n.l4 Baumgarten, Albert I. 64 Burridge, Richard A. 115n.90 Baur, Ferdinand Christian 341n.2 Buschmann, Gerd 123n.l Baus, K. 398-99n.58 Butler, Judith 204n.71, 205 Becker, Adam H. 45, 47n.8, 50n.l5 Byock, Jesse L. 95n.9 Becker, Jürgen 138n.65 Byrskog, Samuel 145, 169n.42, 173 Becker, Ulrich 273n.20 Beek, Martijn van 61n.37, 62 Caird, G.B. 224n.68, 225nn.71.75, Belval, N.J. 355n.46 233nn.l 19.125 Benediktsson, Jakob 97n.l5 Cameron, Averil 94n.5 Berger, Klaus 23nl8, 35, 323n.l7, 338 Campenhausen, Hans Freiherr von Berger, Peter L. 176n.3, 205 175n.l, 205, 239n.l, 240, 251f, Best, Ernest 38n.74, 220n.45 253n.40, 259nn.60.63, 262, 379n.2, Betz, Hans Dieter llln.75, 327n.26, 390n.35 338 Caragounis, Chrys C. 145, 146n.2, Betz, Otto 155nn.19.21, 172 149n.7, 152-54, 173 Bévenot, Maurice 394n.46, Cardman, Francine 176n.4, 189n.40, 398nn.57.58, 399nn.59.61, 407n.67 205, 393n.45, 407n.68 Billerbeck, Paul 23n.l9, 158n.24 Carruth, Shawn 113n.83, 317n.3, 338 Binford, Lewis R. 94n.7 Carter, Edward J. 26n.30 Black, Matthew 215n.24, 216n.25 Carter, Warren 26n.29, 27n.36 Blank, Josef 145n.l, 172 Cassidy, Richard J. 26n.27 Blevins, James L. 38n.74 Castelli, Elizabeth A. 77nn.7-9, 78n.l0, Blickenstaff, Marianne 77n.8 82n.23, 83nn.27.28, 84nn.31.32, Bobertz, C.A. 399n.61 85n.35 Boccaccini, Giovanni 54n.25, 55n.27, Cattaneo, E. 336n.38, 338 58n.33, 59 Cavallero, P.A. 317n.3, 338 Bockmuehl, Markus 130n.26 Chadwick, Henry 45n.l Bonwetsch, Nathanael 243n.l4, 261 Chilton, Bruce D. 26n.30, 28n.41 Boon, James 63n.40 Chopp, Rebecca S. 78n.9 Borg, Marcus J. 3In.51 Clark, Elizabeth 87n.45, 181n.l9, 205 B0rresen, Kari Elisabeth 80n.l8 Clarke, G.W. 392n.42 Boyarin, Daniel 50n.l5, 54n.24, 57n.31 Clarkson, J. Shannon 79n.l4 Branick, Vincent 125n.9 Cohen, Abraham 47n.8 Bray, Gerald 388n.31 Cohen, Shaye J.D. 19f, 55n.28 Bremer, Fredrika 74, 76f Coleman, T.M. 31, 33n.57 Brenner, Athalya 73n.l, 78n.l0, 83n.27, Collins, Adela Yarbro 76n.6, 286n.2 224nn.66.69, 233n.l25, 253n.41, 262 Brent, Allen 318n.4, 338 Conrad, E.W. 350n.33 Brown, Charles Thomas 349, 355n.46, Conzelmann, Hans 136n.54, 212nn.4.5, 357n.53, 363n.71, 366n.82, 369n.97 213n.9, 216n.26, 217n.33, Brox, Norbert 258n.57, 261 218nn.36.37.39, 219nn.41.42, Bruce, F.F. 222n.54 229n.l02, 230nn.104-106.108.109, Brunt, John C. 222-23n.60, 224n.68, 232nn.114.116 225n.75, 229n.l02, 230n.l07 Cooper, Kate 200n.64, 205 Büchsei, Friedrich 223n.62 Corwin, Virgina 323n.l8, 338, 348n.24, Bujard, Walter 216n.26 363n.71, 367n.88 434 Index of Authors

Cousar, Charles B. 230n.l 10 215nn.22.23, 216nn.25.26, 221n.52, Coutts, John 220n.45 222n.54 Cranfield, C.E.B. 30n.50 Credner, Karl August 350n.31 Ebel, Eva 289n.7 Crombie, F. 258n.59 Edwards, M.J. 318n.5, 338 Crosby, Michael H. 300n.42 Ehrman, Bart D. 123n.2, 139n.68, Crossan, John Dominic 94n.3 181n.l9, 205, 240n.4, 257nn.52.54, Crouch, James E. 191n.44, 205 262, 319nn.8.9, 338 Cullmann, Oscar 29n.46, 146n.2, 173 Eichler, Margit 78n. 13 Culpepper, R. Alan 247n.24, 262 Elliott, John H. 38nn.74.76, 39n.77, 40n.79, 94n.4, 191n.44, 192n.46, Dahl, Nils Alstrup 220n.45 205, 306n.59 Dalman, Gustaf 159n.27, 173 Elliott, J.K. 240n.4 Damian, T. 393nn.45.46, 395n.50, Elm, Susanna 205 397n.54 Eriksson, Anne-Louise 78nn.9.13, D'Angelo, Mary Rose 82n.24 86nn.39.41 Davaney, Sheila Greeve 78n.9 Evans, R.F. 393n.45 Davids, A. 385n.22 Davies, W.D. 26n.28, 27n.34, 146n.3, Fant, Maureen B. 206 149n.8, 150n.l0, 152n.ll, 153n.l3, Farmer, William 99 154n.l6, 155n.21, 158, 161n.32, Farrer, Austin 100, 113 163n.35, 173 Fascher, Erich 135n.50, 136 Dawning, F. Gerald 108 Fatum, Lone 6-8, 9, 80n.l8, 84n.34, Dehandschutter, Boudewi 123n.l 175-207, 183n.22, 194nn.49-51, DeMaris, Richard E. 211n.2, 217n.27 195n.52, 205f Demerath III, Nicholas J. 96n. 11 Fee, Gordon D. 130nn.24.26, 134n.43, Derrett, J.Duncan M. 26n.26 136n.57, 225n.76 DeSilva, David A. 304n.51 Ferguson, Everett 245n.l9, 262, Dewey, Joanna 77n.8, 83n.27 390n.37, 391nn.38.39 Dibelius, Martin 175n.l, 176n.2, Fiorenza, Elisabeth Schüssler 73n.l, 179n.l2, 181n.l6, 183n.23, 184n.24, 76n.6, 77-78n.9, 79n.l4, 82n.24, 186n.31, 188nn.35.36, 189nn.37-39, 83nn.26.28, 85, 89n.51, 212nn.6.7 191n.43, 193n.48, 205, 212nn.4.5, Fischer, Karl Martin 135n.50, 136n.53, 217n.33, 218nn.36.37.39, 236n.l36 219nn.41.42, 232nn.114.116 Fitzgerald, John T. 305n.55 Donahue, Paul J. 348n.25, 354n.44, Fitzmyer, Joseph A. 132n.34, 215n.24, 355n.47, 360n.63 216n.25 Donaldson, James 66nn.45.47, 67n.49, Fontaine, Carole 73n.l, 78n.l0, 83n.27 261 Ford, J. Massyngberde 222n.ll3, Donelson, Lewis R. 186n.28, 205, 217f 224n.68, 225nn.71.73, 230n.103.104, Donfried, Karl P. 132n.36 231n.ll3 Douglas, Mary 185n.25, 205 Fornberg, Tord 145, 173 Downing, F. Gerald 109n.66 Foucault, Michel 185n.26, 204n.70, 206 Draper, Jonathan A. 104n.41, 119n.l 12 Fredriksen, Paula 47n.7,49n.l3, 52n.20, Duling, Dennis C. 117 59n.34 Dunderberg, Ismo 362n.69 Freedman, David Noel 338 Dunn, James D.G. 19, 35n.63, 47-49, Frend, W.H.C. 256n.49, 262 52n.21, 53, 124n.4, 131, 132n.37, Frey, Jörg 272n.l8, 278n.30 143n.77, 213n.l2, 214 nn.16-18.20, Freyne, Sean 20n.6 Friedrich, Johannes 31, 298nn.39.40 Index of Authors 435

Furnish, Victor Paul 128n.20, 186n.31, Harnack, Adolf 347n.21, 379n.2 206, 217n.27, 219nn.44.45, 220n.46, Harrison, P.N. 323, 338 236n. 135 Hartin, Patrick J. 103n.36, 306n.58 Hartman, Lars 137f, 214n.20, 219n.44, Gager, John G. 52n.20, 178n.ll, 222n.54 183n.21, 206 Haynes, Stephen R. 73n.l, 83n.25 Garland, David E. 26n.30, 29n.43, Hecht, S. 355n.46 134n.45 Heine, Ronald E. 239n.l, 241n.5, Gärtner, Bertil 155n.l9, 173 243nn.l 1.14.15, 244n.l7, 247n.23, Georgi, Dieter 141n.72 248nn.26.27, 249nn.29.31, 250n.35, Gifford, Carolyn de Swarte 76n.6 262 Gilmour, S.M. 136n.53 Heinrici, Georg 134n.45 Girard, René 95n.l0 Hellerman, Joseph 286n.2, 299n.41, Gnilka, Joachim 145n.l, 148n.6, 300n.42, 307n.61, 309n.67, 310n.68, 149nn.7.9, 158n.24, 173, 215n.21, 311nn.70.71, 312n.73 216n.26, 220n.47, 220n.49, 222n.55, Hemer, Colin J. 44, 21 ln.3, 212n.8, 293n.23 224nn.64.66.69, 225nn.71.75, Goff, Jacques Le 96n.l2 234n.l28 Goguel, Maurice 343n.7, 347n.21 Henderson, John G. 122n. 118 Goltz, Eduard Freiherr von der 347n.21 Henn, W. 386n.25 González, J.L. 397n.54 Hennecke, Edgar 207 Goodacre, Mark 99/, 104, 111-15, Henten, Jan van 286n.2 119n.l 14, 120f Hilgenfeld, Adolf 341n.2, 347n.21 Goodman, Martin 24n.21, 25nn.24.25 Hill, C.E. 326n.23, 338 Goulder, Michael 99f, 213, Hill, David 26n.30 222nn.54.60, 232nn.l 18.119, Hinchliff, Peter 393n.45, 394n.46, 397, 237n.l37, 350, 351n.39, 357n.52, 398n.55, 399n.60, 400n.64 358n.56, 359n.61, 361n.68, 363n.71, Hock, Ronald F. 114n.85 367n.87, 369, 370n.l01, 371, 373 Hoffmann, Paul 173, 295n.28 Grant, F.C. 346n.l8 Hollander, H.W. 323n.l7, 338 Grant, Robert McQueen 327n.24, Holmberg, Bengt 128n.21, 183n.21, 206 334n.36, 338, 342n.4, 383, 384n.l5 Holmes, Michael W. 319n.8, 382n.l0, Grässer, Erich 254n.44, 255n.47, 262 338 Gray, Patrick 304n.51 Holtz, Traugott 127 Green, William Scott 63 Horbury, William 21n.8, 26nn.27.28, Grundmann, Walter 212n.6 27nn.32.34, 28n.38, 41n.82 Gundry, Robert H. 152n.ll, 173 Hornby, A.S. 126n.l5 Gunew, Sneja 78n.l3 Horrell, David G. 286n.2, 302nn.46.47 Horsley, Richard A. 104n.41, 119n.ll2 Haapa, Esko 214n.20, 222n.54 Horst, Pieter W. van der 68n.51 Häfner, Gerd 206 Hout, G.E. van der 323n.l7, 338 Hägglund, Bengt 388n.31 Howitt, Mary Botham 74n.2 Hagner, Donald A. 26n.28, 27n.35, 28, Hübner, Hans 21 ln.3, 216n.26, 220n.49, 221n.51 221n.52 Hahn, Ferdinand 173 Hübner, Reinhard M. 318n.5, 338, Hamerton-Kelly, Robert 347n.22 380n.6 Hamilton, A. 393n.45 Hurtado, Larry W. ln.2 Hanson, Anthony Tyrell 212n.4, 218, Hvalvik, Reidar 4f, 123-43, 322n.l5, 220nn.48.49, 232nn.l 16-118 339 Harmer, J.R. 382n.l0 436 Index of Authors

Isacson, Mikael 12f, 317-40, 317n.3, Knight, Jonathan 224n.69, 225n.75, 318n.6, 319n.7, 323n.l8, 329n.28, 230n.l03, 233n.l 19 331n.32, 332n.33, 339, 380n.6 Knoch, Otto 177n.5, 206 Insoll, Timothy 94n.7 Knopf, R. 346n.l8 Knowles, Michael 104-108, 119 Jackson, F.J. Foakes 45 Koester, Helmut 97n.l4, 113n.82, Jacobs, Andrew S. 5In. 18 355n.46 Jacobson, Arland D. 104n.40, 296n.36 Kosch, Daniel 104n.41 Jansen, John F. 258n.57, 262 Kraemer, Ross Shepard 82n.24 Jay, E.G. 379n.2, 385n.l9, 389n.34, Kraft, Heinrich 225n.74 390nn.36.37, 391n.38 Kraft, Heinz 241n.6, 262 Jensen, Anne 244n.l7, 262 Kraft, Robert A. 50n.l5 Jervell, Jacob 126, 213, 236n.l36 Krause, Gerhard 339 Jewett, Robert 215n.24 Kümmel, Werner Georg 136nn.51.54, Johnson, Luke Timothy 94n.3, 212n.8, 215n.24, 216n.26 214n.l8, 227n.82 Kvalbein, Hans 5f, 145-74, 156n.22, Johnson, Sherman E. 22In.53, 170n.44, 171n.45, 172n.47, 173 222nn.55.57, 350n.33 Joly, Robert 342n.2 Labriolle, Pierre de 242nn.8.11, Jones, A.H.M. 33n.57 243n.l4, 244n.l7, 245n.l8, 247n.23, Jones, F. Stanley 357n.54 249n.28, 250nn.32-35, 262 Jones, H.S. 159n.29 LaCarpa, Dominick 94n.5 Jonkers, E.J. 68n.52 Lake, Kirsopp 133n.39, 319n.9, 329n.29, 339 Kahler, Christoph 146n.3, 150n.l0, 173 Lambert, Gilles 101n.28 Käsemann, Ernst 31n.51, 125n.ll, Lampe, G.W.H. 159n.28, 173, 319n.9, 235n.l34, 236n.l36 322n.l4, 339 Kazen, Thomas 276n.27 Lampe, Peter 32n.56, 132n.35 Kee, Howard Clarke 266n.3 LaPiana, G. 32n.55 Keener, Craig S. 26n.28 Lawlor, H.J. 131n.29 Kelber, Werner 94n.3 Lawyer, J.E. 323n.l8, 339 Kelly, J.N.D. 212nn.4.6, 219n.41, 226, Lechner, Thomas 318n.5, 339 227nn.85.87.88, 228nn.90.92.93.94, Lefkowitz, Mary R. 206 229nn.98.99, 234nn.126.127 Legarth, Peter V. 319n.9, 339 Keresztes, Paul 24n.21, 25nn.23.25 Leon, Harry Joshua 32n.55 Kereszty, R. 387n.27, 388n.31 Leppä, Heikki 236-37n.l37 Kesich, Veselin 145n.l, 173 Leppä, Outi 8f, 211-37, 213n.l5, Killen, William P. 342n.2 216.n27, 217n.28, 219n.44, 220n.49, Kingsbury, Jack Dean 148n.6, 173 222n.56, 226n.77, 234n.l29 Kinzig, Wolfram 50n. 15 Levine, Amy-Jill 77n.8 Kirchner, H. 392n.44 Lewis, Ch. T. 327n.24, 339 Kittel, Gerhard 232n.ll7 Lichtheim, Georg 96n.ll Klauck, Hans-Josef 117n.98, 125n.9 Liddell, H.G. 159n.29 Klijn, A.F.J. 267n.5, 268nn.6.8, Lietzmann, Hans 136n.51, 252n.38, 269n.l 1, 271n.l3, 272n.l7, 273, 262, 346n.20, 379n.2 274n.22, 275nn.23.25, 276f, Lieu, Judith 19, 45n.2, 50n.l6, 65n.44, 278nn.30.31, 279n.32 66 Kloppenborg, John S. 97n.l3, 101-104, Lightfoot, J.B. 130n.25, 137n.61, 105n.48, 109-112, 113n.82, 116, 318n.5, 319n.9, 325n.22, 329n.29, 119, 295n.28, 296nn.34.35 339, 342n.2, 345, 380, 382n.l0 Index of Authors 437

Lincoln, Andrew T. 220nn.45.46, Mason, Steve 116f 234n.l29, 235nn.l30-134, 236n.l36 Massaux, Eduard 355n.46 Lindboe, Inger Marie 77n.8, 83n.27, Mayerhoff, Ernst Theodor 216n.26 84n.33 McCready, Wayne O. 117n.98 Lindemann, Andreas 129nn.22.23, McEleney, N.J. 26n.30 131n.30, 136n.51, 180n.l5, 206, McGinn, Sheila E. 189n.40, 206, 214n.20, 215n.21, 216n.26, 243n.l 1, 262 220nn.45.47, 318n.5, 339, 380n.6 McGuire, Anne 203n.69, 207 Liver, J. 20n.6 McKenzie, Steven L. 73n.l, 83n.25 Lohfink, Gerhard 218n.36, 286n.2 McKnight, Edgar V. 94n.4 Lohse, Eduard 212nn.4.6, 216n.26, McNeil, Brian 285n.l, 379n.l 219n.41, 220nn.46-49, 236n.l35 Meeks, Wayne A. 67n.50, 235-36n.l34, Lona, Horacio E. 133n.38 236n.l36 Luomanen, Petri lOf, 265-81, 268n.9, Meier, John P. 146n.2, 173 273n.20, 372n.l06 Meinhold, Peter 329n.30, 336n.38, 339, Luckmann, Thomas 176n.3, 205 343n.7, 348n.25, 360n.63, 383n.l3 Lührmann, Dieter 191nn.44.45, 206, Mellink, A.O. 323n.l8, 339 268n.9, 272nn.15.19 Merklein, Helmut 135n.51, 143 Lundgren, Eva 86n.41 Metzger, Bruce M. 239n.l, 240n.3, Lütgert, Wilhelm 345f, 349, 357n.51 244n.l6, 245n.l9, 252n.38, 253n.41, Luz, Ulrich 26n.28, 27n.34, 138n.65, 254n.46, 255n.48, 256n.50, 139n.66, 145n.l, 146n.4, 148n.6, 257nn.53.55.56, 259nn.60.61, 262, 149nn.8.9, 152n.ll, 153n.l4, 266nn.3.4, 281n.34 155n.20, 158nn.24.25, 162-163n.34, Meyer, Marvin W. 200n.64, 207 165n.37, 166n.39, 167n.40, 170n.44, Michaels, J. Ramsey 38nn.74.76 171nn.45.46, 173, 216r.,26 Michel, Otto 31n.52 Lynch, J.E. 385n.l9 Milne, Pamela J. 83n.27, 84nn.32.34, 85n.35 MacDonald, Dennis 206 Mimouni, Simon C. 268n.9 MacDonald, Margaret Y. 176n.3, Mitchell, Alan C. 305n.55 177n.6, 178n.9, 179n.l2, 180n.l4, Mitchell, Margaret M. 134n.40,135, 181n.l9, 184n.24, 198n.57, 201n.65, 136 206, 302n.47, 303n.49 Mitton, C. Leslie 234n.l29, 235n.l30 Mack, Burton L. 95n.8, 104n.40, Moe, Olaf 131n.28 118n.l08, 119nn.113.115 Molland, Einar 347-349, 356n.48, Mai, Anne-Marie 76n.5 363n.71, 385n.22, 390nn.35-37, Maier, H.O. 323n.l8, 339 391n.41 Maier, Paul L. 265n. 1 Moller-Jensen, Elisabeth 76n.5 Malherbe, Abraham J. 127n.l9, 141n.70 Moloney, Francis J. 304n.53, 305n.56 Malina, Bruce J. 118, 183n.22, 185n.25, Montefiore, H. 24n.20, 26n.30, 27n.32 201n.66, 206 Moo, Douglas J. 31n.51, 214n.l6, Maloney, Linda M. 18In. 16, 206 215n.24 Mandell, Sara R. 21n.8, 44n.88 Moore, George Foot 5In. 19 Mann, C.S. 222n.58 Moreland, Milton C. 98n.l7 Marcus, Joel 158n.24, 173, 222n.58 Morris, Leon 132n.34 Marjanen, Antti 9f, 11, 239-63, 241n.5, Morrison, C.D. 29n.46 262, 372n.l06 Mounce, Robert H. 212n.8, 225nn.73.76 Marshall, I. Howard 94n.4 Moxnes, Halvor 37n.71, 185n.25, 207, Martin, Ralph P. 38n.74, 214n.20, 286n.2 216n.26 MUller, Gerhard 339 438 Index of Authors

Müller, K. 390n.35 Patte, Daniel 94n.4, 146n.5, 158n.24, Müller, Mogens 145, 146n.4, 148n.6, 174 154, 155n.20, 158nn.24.25, 162n.33, Patterson, Stephen J. 114n.87 173 Paulsen, Henning 239n.l, 250n.35, 262, Müller, Peter 216n.26, 220n.45, 222n.56 319n.9, 320n.l 1, 323n.l6, Müller, Ulrich B. 224nn.65.68, 327nn.24.25, 338 232n.l 19, 233 Perelman, Ch. 320n.l0, 339 Munier, Charles 317n.l, 339 Perler, Othmar 317n.3, 339 Murray, Robert 47n.8 Peterman, G.W. 128 Myllykoski, Matti 13f, 341-77, Petersen, Anders Klostergaard 2f, 372n.l06 45-72, 49n.l3, 63n.39 Petersen, Sigfred Vn.2 Nanos, Mark D. 30n.47, 215n.24 Petersen, Silke 203n.69, 207 Newing, E.G. 350n.33 Petersen, William L. 97n.l5, 268n.9 Neyrey, Jerome H. 115n.90, Pippin, Tina 88n.50, 89n.51 226nn.80.81, 227, 228nn.90.94, Plummer, Alfred 134n.45, 137n.60 234n.l27 Pöhlmann, Wolfgang 31 Neusner, Jacob 56n.29 Pokorny, Petr 217n.27, 220n.47, Nickle, Keith F. 23n.l7, 28, 29n.42, 221n.52, 222nn.54.59 34f, 141n.72, 142n.75 Portefaix, Lilian 82n.24 Niederwimmer, Kurt 207 Pressler, Carolyn J. 79n.l4 Nielsen, Charles M. 215n.21, 217n.27, Prigent, Pierre 348n.24, 358n.56, 221n.52 359n.61, 362n.70 Norris, Frederick W. 328n.27, 343, Prostmeier, Ferdinand-Rupert 322n.l5, 344n.l0 339 Pucci Ben Zeev, Miriam 22n.l3 O'Brien, Peter Thomas 130n.26, 214n.20, 216n.26 Quinn, Jerome 211n.l, 218n.36, 0kland, Jorunn 77n.9, 78n.ll, 219n.43, 232n.ll7 79nn.14.16, 83nn.25.28, 84n.29, 85n.38, 86nn.39-41, Räisänen, Heikki 93n.2, 212n.7, 213, 87nn.43.45.47-49, 88n.50, 89n.51 221nn.50.51, 222nn.59.60, Olbrechts-Tyreca, L. 320n.l0 223nn.61.63, 224nn.64.68.69, Ollrog, Wolf-Henning 142n.73 225nn.72-76, 230n.l03, 236n.l37, O'Neil, Edward N. 114n.85 237n.l38 O'Neill, John C. 166n.38, 173 Rauer, Max 215n.24 Orr, William F. 230n.l08 Reed, Annette Yoshiko 45, 47n.8, Osborn, Eric 312n.74 50n.l5 Osiek, Carolyn 125n.8, 141, 177n.8, Reed, Jonathan L. 94n.7 205, 207, 286n.2 Reicke, Bo Ivar 226, 228n.94, Oulton, John Ernest Leonard 13In.29 229n.l00, 234n.l26 Reinhartz, Adele 186n.29, 207 Padberg, Rudolf 318n.4, 339 Renan, Ernest 34In.2 Painter, John 305n.57 Reumann, John 124 Palmqvist, Arne 394n.46 Reuter, Rainer 217n.27 Parkes, James 45-48, 53 Richards, William A. 218n.36, 219n.41, Patrick, M.W. 317n.3, 322n.l3, 220n.48, 233n.l21 330n.l3, 339 Riches, John K. 26n.30, 28n.40, Patte, Aline 94n.4 120n.ll6 Ridderbos, Herman 143n.77 Index of Authors 439

Riesenfeld, Harald 317n.3, 339 Schnelle, Udo 38n.74, 130n.26 Rius-Camps, J. 323n.l8, 340, 342n.2 Schnider, Franz 135n.50 Roberts, Alexander 66nn.45.47, 67n.49, Schoedel, William R. 317n.l, 318n.5, 261 319n.9, 321, 322nn.13.14, 323, Robbins, Vernon K. 94n.4, 113n.83, 325n.22, 326n.23, 327nn.24.25, 114nn.84.87 329n.29, 330n.31, 334n.34, 336n.38, Robertson, Archibald 134n.45, 137n.60 340, 342n.4, 348, 349n.26, 353n.42, Robinson, James M. 94n.3, 97-100, 355nn.45-47, 357n.50, 359n.57, 103n.39, 106n.53, 113n.82, 360n.65, 361n.67, 362n.70, 118n.l07, 119n.l 10, 363nn.71.75, 365n.79, 295nn.28-30.32, 296nn.33-35 366nn.80.82.83, 367n.88, Rohde, Joachim 175n.l, 207, 348n.25, 370nn.100.102, 380n.6, 381n.9, 349n.27, 360n.63, 379n.2, 385n.22 383n.l 1 Roldanus, J. 392n.43 Schöllgen, Georg 318nn.4.5, 336n.38, Roloff, Jürgen 169n.43, 174, 212n.6, 340 231n.ll3, 232n.l 18, 233nn.124.125 Schottroff, Luise 82n.24, 85n.35 Roon, A. van 220n.45 Schräge, Wolfgang 134nn.44.45, Roth, Michael S. 96n.l2 135n.50, 136, 187n.33, 207 Royalty, Robert M. Jr. 211n.3, 213, Schreiner, Thomas R. 125n.l2 233n.l24 Schürer, Emil 23n.l7 Rudolph, Kurt 368n.93 Schutter, William L. 40n.78 Russell, Letty M. 79n.l4 Schwegler, Albert 341n.2 Rutgers, Leonard Victor 32n.55 Schweitzer, Albert 98 Schweizer, Eduard 27n.35, 28, 214n.l9, Sage, M.M. 392nn.43.44, 396n.52, 216n.26, 221nn.50.52, 222n.57 399n.61 Scott, R. 159n.29 Sakenfeld, Katharine Doob 79n.l4 Scroggs, Robin 347n.22 Sanders, Ed P. 21n.9, 51n.l9, Segal, Alan F. 56n.30 216-17n.27 Sellin, Gerhard 212n.8, 226n.80, Sanders, Jack T. 20n.5, 213, 221n.il, 228n.94, 233 224nn.66.68.69, 225nn.71.73 Short, Ch. 327n.24, 339 Sandnes, Karl Olav 125, 131n.28, Sieben, Hermann Josef 318n.3, 340 286n.2, 293n.23 Sim, DavidS. 28n.37, 118n.l06 Sappington, Thomas J. 21 In.3 Simon, Marcel 65n.43, 319n.9, 340, Sato, Migaku 104n.41 342n.4 Schäfer, Klaus 286n.2 Simonis, Walter 393n.45, 394n.48 Schechter, Solomon 5In. 19 Skarsaune, Oskar 170n.44, 379n.2 Schenk, Wolfgang 219n.44 Smallwood, E. Mary 21n.9, 22, 25n.23 Schenke, Hans-Martin 114n.86, Smith, Jonathan Z. 57, 64, 94n.6, 135n.50, 136n.53 120n.l 16, 123n.3 Scheuermann, Georg 118n.l06 Soards, Marion L. 136, 137n.59 Schiffman, Lawrence 47n.8 Staats, Reinhart 335n.37, 336n.38, 340 Schille, Gottfried 220n.45 Standhartinger, Angela 216n.26, Schimada, K. 39n.77 219n.44 Schlatter, Adolf 161n.31, 163n.36, 174 Stanton, Graham N. 118n.l06 Schlatter, F.W. 323n.l8, 340 Stark, Rodney ln.l Schmidtke, Alfred 27In. 13, 274n.22 Steck, Odil Hannes 105 Schmithals, Walter 125n.l3 Stendahl, Krister 117n.99 Schnackenburg, Rudolf 220n.45 Stenger, Werner 135n.50 Schneemelcher, Wilhelm 207 440 Index of Authors

Stenström, Hanna 3f, 73-90, 77n.9, Vaage, LeifE. 108, 109n.66 83n.28, 85nn.36-38, 87nn.44-46, Vermes, Geza 224n.67 88n.50, 89n.51 Verner, David C. 302n.47, 303nn.48-50 Stevenson, J. 199n.60, 207 Via, Dan O. 93n.2 Stewart-Sykes, Alistair 242n.l0, 262 Vieker, J.D. 388n.31 Stolcke, Verena 61 Vielhauer, Philipp 215n.24, 268n.6, Stoops, R.F. 323n.l8, 340 269n.l2, 271n.l3, 272n.l6, 273n.21, Strack, Hermann L. 23n.l9, 158n.24 275n.23 Strecker, Georg 268n.6, 269n.l2, Vinzent, Markus 318n.5 271n.l3, 272n.l6, 273n.21, 275n.23 Vogt, Hermann J. 318n.5, 336n.38, Strobel, August 30nn.47.49, 136n.57 340 Stuhlmacher, Peter 31, 170n.44 Vorster, Johannes N. 200n.64, 207 Sullivan, F.A. 379n.2 Sumney, Jerry L. 215n.21, 349, 351f, Walker, G.S.M. 393n.46, 394n.48, 355n.47, 356n.49, 357n.53, 358n.55, 395n.50, 397n.54, 407n.67 359n.60, 360n.61, 363nn.71.74.76, Walther, James A. 230n.l08 364n.77, 366n.82 Wansink, C.S. 328n.27, 340 Syreeni, Kari 145, 146n.5, 154n.l5, Watson, Duane Frederick 212n.8 168n.41, 169n.42, 174 Watson, Francis 36n.68 Watt, Jan G. van der 304n.52, 305n.54 Tabbernee, William 241n.6, 242n.8, Wedderburn, Alexander J.M. 132n.36, 243nn.12.13, 263 230n.l08, 231n.l 12 Tarvainen, Olavi 344n.ll Weedon, Chris 83n.28 Tellbe, Mikael 2, 19^4, 25n.22, Wegenast, Klaus 175n.l, 207 29n.45, 34n.58 Wehnert, Jürgen 23In. 112 Theißen, Gerd 108, 109n.67 Weinrich, William C. 323n.l8, 340 Thelwall, S. 247n.22, 254n.45 Weiss, Johannes 134f136, 346n.l8 Thompson, Michael B. 143n.76 Weisse, Ch. Hermann 99 Thuren, Lauri 192n.47, 207, 225n.77, Wendland, Heinz-Dietrich 181n.l9, 227nn.82.85.86.88, 228n.91, 229n.98 207 Thyen, Hartwig 146n.4, 158n.24, 174 Wengst, Klaus 31n.51 Toit, Andrie du 225-26n.77, 227n.82 White, Michael 94n.6 Towner, Philip H. 31n.51 Wickert, Ulrich 134n.43, 393n.45 Townsend, M.J. 228n.92 Wilckens, Ulrich 31 n.51, 132n.37, Trevett, Christine 241nn.5.6, 243n.l3, 215n.24 244n.l7, 246n.20, 252n.38, 254n.43, Wiles, Maurice F. 177n.7, 207, 335n.37, 263, 323n.l8, 329n.30, 340, 348n.25, 340 359n.58 Wilken, Robert L. 67n.50, 68n.51, Tuckett, Christopher M. 104n.41 69n.54, 342n.4 Turner, H.E.W. 343n.5.8 Williams, James G. 95n.l0 Williams, M.H. 25nn.23.24, 32n.55 Uebele, Wolfram 349f, 356n.48, Willis, Wendell L. 225n.76 357n.51, 359nn.57.61, 363n.75, Wilson, Stephen G. 20n.5, 44n.87, 365n.78, 366nn.82.84, 367n.86, 116n.93 368n.91, 369n.95, Wilson, Walter T. 220n.47 370nn.99.100.102.103, 371n.l04 Wink, W. 29n.46 Unnik, Willem Cornelis van 38n.75 Winter, Bruce W. 31n.51 Uro, Risto 108 Witherington III, Ben 130nn.25.27 Wolff, Christian 134n.45, 136n.58 Index of Authors 441

Wolter, Michael 212n.4, 218n.38, 187n.31, 188n.34, 189n.37, 193n.48, 219n.42, 233n.l21 198n.57, 207 Wurm, Alois 350n.32 Zahn, Theodor 158n.24, 174, 318n.5, Young, Frances 176n.4, 178n.9, 325n.21, 340, 341n.2, 345-47, 349f, 180n.l5, 181n.l7, 183n.23, 184n.24, 359n.59, 365n.78, 366n.84, 380 Index of Subjects and Names

Aaron 357 - message 136, 138 Abraham 121, 154, 405 - teaching 137,389,407 Achaia 127, 129f - tradition 11, 39If Acts of the Apostles 301 approval, public, see recognition - see also Luke-Acts Aquila 130 Adam 202, 357, 405 archaeology 94, 96 adversary,-ies 184, 310f, 355f Aratos 301 agape, see eucharist\ meals, religious Ardabau 24In.6 Alexander 211n.l Aristides 12, 309 allegorisers, radical 56 asceticism, ascetic 7f, 181, 184f, 190, Alogi 249f, 252 194-96, 200, 202f, 217, 219, 232f, Ambrose 153n.l4 245 Amphilochius of Iconium 253n.41 Asia Minor 8f, 12f, 130f, 220f, 223, Anabathmoi Jakobou 13, 357f, 373 231, 233f, 236, 24If, 271, 307, 336f, anantirrêta 239 341-44, 353, 372, 380, 385, 387 Andrew, Acts of A. 200, 202-204 assimilation 192 androcentrism, androcentric 79 association, see rhetorical devices angels 9, 227f, 23If, 236f, 368 associations, voluntary / Graeco-Roman anthropology, anthropological 94 4, 116-18, 140n.69 - cultural 61, 176 Augustine 68n.53, 153n.l4 - social 191 authority 177, 303 anti-Judaism 46, 65 - charismatic 178, 182, 184,203 antilegomena lOf, 265 - divine 150, 359 antinomianism, antinomians, see - human 150 libertinism, libertines - spiritual 203 Antioch 69, 323, 336f, 341, 367 - traditional 182 Antipas, see Herod Antipas authorization 175, 178, 180, 189 Antonius Pius 308n.62 - of Peter 5f, 156ff, 400 Apelles 368 - to bind and to loose 6, 150, 156ff Apocalypse of John, see Revelation Apocalypse of Peter 10, 258-61 Balaam 224, 225, 233 apocryphal acts of apostles, popular baptism 15, 164-66, 331, 369f, 392, literature 200, 202-204 395 Apollonius 241n.6, 242n.l0, 243f, 253 baptismal controversy 395-98, 406 Apollonius, presbyter in Magnesia 358 Barnabas 254n.45 apology, apologetic 309f, 314, 330 Barnabas, Epistle of 257, 260, 322 apostasy 392, 402f Basilides 366-67n.85, 372 apostle, -s 5, 9, 15, 136, 138, 170, 182, Bassus, presbyter in Magnesia 358 189, 324, 326, 331, 333f, 361, beatitude, see makarism 387- 91 beginnings, Christian, see origins, -s, apostolic Christian - decree 229-31,236 Bible 56-60,64,71,367 - faith 15,407 - see also Scriptures Index of Subjects and Names 443 bind, see authorization to bind and - Judaising 47n.6, 56-62, 66f, 70, loose 385f biography, biographical 112,178 - - see also Judaizers bishop, -s 12f, 14f, 167, 317-37, Christian, -s 3 342—44, 353f, 359, 379ff - Gentile 49, 64, 65, 229f, 235, 310, - of Rome 399, 406f 354, 356 - see also church, guarantee for unity - Jewish, see Jewish-Christian blessing, see makarism Christology, christological 1,7, body 187f, 285 344-50, 356-64, 366-74 - of Christ 155, 187 - docetist 344-50, 355f, 366-69 boundary-marker 296f, 312 - possessionist 14, 350, 357, 369-72, brotherhood 117, 199 373f - see also family; siblingship Chrysostom, see John Chrysostom church,-es 117,236,285,320 Cain 405 - of Christ 155 canon, New Testament, canonical - order 6, 175f, 183, 204 writings 8-11, 211ff, 239ff, 265-67, - Pauline churches 4,723^,221,236 269-71, 279-81 - schism and unity 14f, 319, 324, 329, canons, apostolic or conciliar 3, 67f, 336, 342-44, 353, 354f, 358f, 72, 253n.41 364-66, 370f, 379-81, 392, 395, Canticle of the Sun 314 397-400, 402-404, 406, 408 captatio benevolentiae, see rhetorical - - guarantee of unity 379, 386, 404, devices 407 caritas, see love - universal / the whole 123, 140, 143, catechesis, community 298, 300 156f, 394f, 407f Catholic, see Roman Catholic - see also house churches Catholic letters 133 circumcision 2, 19, 55f, 66, 69, 346 celibacy, see asceticism Claudius 32 Cerdo 350, 366f Cleanthes 301 Cerinthus 14, 242n.9, 249, 252, 345, Clement, First 132f 350, 372, 373 Clement, Second 12, 308 charisma veritatis certum 389, Clement of Alexandria 241n.7, 245nl9, 390n.35, 391 259, 266n.3, 267, 270 charismatics, wandering 170 collection for Jerusalem 5, 34f, 128f, - see also prophets, itinerant 14 If chiliasm, chiliastic 242, 254, 270, 372 collectors 242n.l0 - see also millennial kingdom collegia, Graeco-Roman 4, 116, 289n.7 chria, -ae 102f, 114 Colossians, Letter to the 8, 12, 138f, Christ, see Jesus Christ 177, 187, 190f, 211,213-17,219-22, Christ, heavenly 178,368-71 234f Christ-identity, spiritual 194 commander, military 193 Christ-imitator, -imitation 180, 400 community, -ies Christianities, early 123f - early Christian 123 Christianity 2, 45-51, 54-68, 70f - Matthean 115-18 - early 47, 53, 123f - model 191 - Gentile 47, 55-62, 64, 70-72 - of believers/faith 126,130 - Jewish 47n.6, 56-62, 67, 229, - - see also fellowship of believers 344-50, 354-65, 369-74 - upside-down 172 - - see also Jewish-Christian concord, see harmony conciliar canons, see canons 444 Index of Subjects and Names condemnation, condemning, see Dionysius, bishop in Corinth 133 judgement, judging Dionysius bar Salibi 247n.25, 249f confession 6, 124, 147-50, 166 Dionysius of Alexandria 252f conflict, -s 108, 288, 291f, 296, 299, disciple, -s, discipleship 6, 168 303, 306n.60, 307, 311-14, 404 - ideal 32If, 326f conformity, social/political 177 - Peter as spokesman for 148f, 154 construction 63f discrimination, social 185 - of gender 3,77,202-204 division, see church, schism and unity - of identity 74, 204 Docetism, Docetists, Docetic 13f, 326, constructivism, (post)modern 204 331, 344, 345-50, 353, 355f, 366-72, convention, rhetorical and epistolary 373f, 385 322f - see also Christology, docetist Corinth, Corinthians 128-30, 133-37, doctrine, doctrinal 344, 359, 389f, 39If, 140-42 397f, 406 Counter-Reformation 145, 153, 166 Domitian 25 craftsmen, Christian 223 - see also guilds Ebionites 68n.53, 269f, 279, 350, 357, Crassus, Licinius 20 363n.72, 37If creation, new 194-96 - Gospel of, see Gospel of the Creator 367f, 372, 405 Ebionites criticism ecclesiology, ecclesial, ecclesiological - feminist 3,73-75,79 6, 1 If, 27, 123-26, 287 - - see also feminist biblical - see also trajectories of ecclesial scholarship development - post-colonial 4, 73 ecclesial unity, see church, schism and - see also form criticism; historical unity criticsm; redaction criticism ecumenical 4f, 124-30, 133, 137f, 142f cult egalitarian features 303 - sacrificial 2, 41 ekklésia, -ai 154f - Temple 23f - see also church, -es culture, -s, cultural 60-62, 63n.40, elite, elitist 3, 49 Cynic philosophy and philosophers 102, emotions 288,291,313 109f, 301 empire, Roman 59, 125f Cyril of Jerusalem 241n.7, 253n.41 Ephesians, Ignatius' letter to the E. and Cyprian 15, 255f, 379f, 392-^07, 407f the recipients 319-23, 364f, 373f Ephesians, Letter to the 9, 12, 177, 187, Damas, bishop in Magnesia 325 190f, 213, 219f, 234-36 David 405 Ephesus 130, 140f, 221, 242, 367 - see also son of David Ephraem 253n.41 deacon,-s 12, 317f, 325, 327, 329, epic world 103 33If, 334f, 382f Epiphanius 115, 243, 244n.l7, 245, Devil, diabolic 156, 179, 202 249f, 252, 267f - see also Satan episcopacy, episcopal ministry, see Deuteronomist,-ic 103-109, 119, 121 bishop; monepiscopacy diachronic 146f, 176, 18 If episcopacy, monarchical, see diaspora, see Jews in the Diaspora monarchical episcopacy Diatessaron 10, 120, 274n.22, 279, 281 equality 288, 291 Didymus the Blind 267, 271n.l4 eschatology, eschatological 31n.51, dietary laws 2, 8, 36, 55f, 214-19, 155f, 188, 193f 222f, 229, 231-34, 236 - chiliastic 242, 254 Index of Subjects and Names 445

- realised 184 forgive, -ness 289, 292, 296, 298f, 311, esoteric 305 313 essentialism 204 - see also remission of sins eucharist 155, 165f, 228, 331, 349, 354, form criticism 146 366, 370, 385 formation, formative Elchasaites 363n.72 - community formation 4, 116, 118 Eleutherus 248 fornication, see sexuality Eusebius 10, 131, 239, 241n.6, 243, Francis of Assisi 314 244n.l7, 245n.l9, 247f, 252n.39, freedom, Christian 214 253, 255, 259f, 265ff friendship, friends 289, 305, 307, 400 Eve 197, 202 exclusion 293 Gaius, presbyter in Rome 10, 243, exegesis, feminst, see feminist biblical 247-50, 252f, 255, 259f scholarship Galilee, Galilean 1,4, 101-102n.31, existentialism 93 llOf expulsion of Roman Jews 32 Gaul 241,248 gates, see Hades, gates of faith, common 124,139 Gattung, see genre - in Christ 125 gender 179, 196, 199, 203, 308, 312 - see also apostolic faith - see also construction; female; male family, fictional/real 125, 168f, 172, gender theory 176 187f, 193, 204, 287, 293-97, genealogy, -ies 184 299-303, 305, 308, 31 If, 401 genre,-s 135,181 - see also brotherhood; siblingship; Gentile, see Christianity, Gentile; kinship, spiritualised Christians, Gentile father, God as 294-96, 299, 304, 308, Gnosticism, Gnostic,-s 21 If, 345, 3 lOf 346n.20, 349f, 36If, 366-69, Father in Heaven 150-52 370n.l02, 372,387-89 Felicitas, see Martyrdom of Perpetua - silence 361n.66 and F. - Valentinian 362n.69 fellowship of believers 6, 129, 142, gospel, -s 355 167-68 - canonical 178 - see also community of believers/faith - Jewish-Christian 266n.2, 267f, 273, female, -ness 185, 196 276, 278 - see also gender - of the Ebionites 267f, 273n.20 feminist biblical scholarship 3, 74, - of the Hebrews 1 Of, 260,265jf 76-79 - of the Nazarenes 266-67n.4, 268, - see also criticism, feminist 273n.20, 275n.24 feminist construct 79n.l4, - see also John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; feminist critique, see criticism, feminist Thomas; Three Gospel Hypothesis feminist theory and research 77f gospel harmony, -ies 273, 278, 280f fiction, fictional 95 gossip 178 Firmilian 397f Great Commission 155,163-67,170 fiscus ludaicus 20, 24f, 26f, 37n.72, 43f greetings 130f Flaccus, L. Valerius 22 guilds 223-25 food 179 - see also craftsmen - see also meals, religious; sacrificial meat Hades, gates of 155 food laws, see dietary laws Hadrian 308n.62 hairesis 319, 319n.9, 342 446 Index of Subjects and Names

- see also heresy - authenticity of the letters 341-42n.2, halakha, halakhic decisions 6, 158f, 372 162f inheritance 288,291,296 harmony 288,291,296,311,313,401 institution, institutionalisation 7, 175, Haustafeln, see household codes 178, 180, 182, 186, 188, 200-204 Hebrews, Gospel of the, see Gospel of interpretation, see Scriptures, the Hebrews interpretation of Hebrews, Letter to the 10, 12, 254-56, intertextuality 181, 203 303f Irenaeus 14, ¡31, 242n.9, 247-49, 269, Hegesippus 10, 273f 379, 387-92, 407f heresy, -ies 211,218, 342-44, 354f, Israel, see Jews; Jewish people 364-66, 359f, 363, 379, 389,400, 402f heretic, -s 9, 13f, 15, 212f, 233, 237, James, Letter of 12, 103, 306 265, 312, 34Iff, 391f, 395, 397f, Jerome 254, 257, 260, 266-67n.4, 268, 40If, 404, 407 274f, 278 Hermas, Shepherd of 10, 240, 245n.l9, Jesus, Jesus Christ 1, 4, 55n.28, 56n.29, 246, 256-58, 260f 107, 121, 178, 368, 405 hermeneutics of suspicion 74, 77, 176 - earthly 368-71 Herod the Great 155f - as Messiah 6, 57, 150-52, 154f, 166 Herod Antipas 111 - as Son of God 1, 150-52, 355, 369 heterodoxy, see heresy - as Son of Man 165 hierarchy, hierarchic, see patriarchal Jewish, Jewish people 185, 290n.l2, Hippolytus 242n.9, 244n.l7, 248-50, 297n.37, 301, 306n.60 255, 259f, 363n.72 Jewish Scripture traditions 181 history, historical processes 94f Jews 3, 19f, 235, 304, 310 historical criticism 146 - in the Diaspora 20-24 homelessness 192 - in Rome 29f, 32, 34 homogeneity 305 - see also Jewish, Judaism homologoumena 239, 253, 265 Jewish-Christian, Jewish Christians 2, honour 289, 292 6, 13, 184, 224, 227, 230, 235f, 310 hospitality 5, 141 - see also Christianity, Jewish; house church, -es 124f, 130, 132n.35 gospels, Jewish-Christian household, household conventions / Jezebel 224f norms / order / structure / theology, John 200 etc. 6f, 12, 176-80, 187f, 190, John, Gospel of 9f, 12, 14, 246-51, 192-94, 197, 199f, 302 272f, 304f household codes 190f, 302 John, Letters of 12, 305, 349 householder, -s 192 John Chrysostom 3, 46, 69f, 72 Hymenaeus 211n.l John, bishop of Ephesus 242 Jubianus 396, 404 identity, -ies, Christian 3, 7, 36, 74, Judaism 2, 45-51, 55-72, 324 185, 193, 203, 313 - cultic 23f, 29, 40-43 identity, male 203 - - see also cult, sacrificia; cult, identity marker 19ff, 55 Temple identity model 192 - early 49f, 53f idolatry 225, 229, 405 - Pharisaic 51,56f Ignatius of Antioch and his letters 3, - Rabbinic 47, 51, 54f, 59f, 71f 12-14, 65-67, 131f, 139, 167, 309f, - see also Jewish, Jews 317ff, 34Iff, 379, 380-87, 407f Judaizers 13, 344-50, 355-64, 373 - see also Christianity, Judaising Index of Subjects and Names 447

Jude 9,212,225-28,234 Marcion 240, 367f, 372 judgement, judging 288, 291f, 295, Marcus Aurelius 341n.l 298, 306 Mark, Evangelist and Gospel of 8, 12, Junilius 253n.41 100, 105f, 118, 120, 22If, 293f justification, christological/theological marriage 7, 9, 178f, 188, 193, 195f, 29If, 297f, 304, 307f, 313 200, 232, 237 Justin Martyr 12, 242n.9, 309-11 - prohibition of 185 Martha and Mary 300-30 ln.43 Karayakuplu 241n.6 martyr, martyrdom 32If, 325-27, 335, kata asterion orbanon 244 371,401 Katholisierung 135 martyrs of Gaul 243, 244n.l7 Kepha 152 Martyrdom of Perpetua and Felicitas - see also Petra, Petros 243 kerygma, kerygmatic theology 93, 98, Marx, Marxist 96 126 Mary Magdalene 203f keys of the kingdom of heaven 150, Matthew, Evangelist and Gospel of 4, 156ff 9, 27, 93, 97f, lOOf, 103-108, 110, king of Israel 151 113, 116, 118-21, 275f, 298f kinship, spiritualised 190, 195 - see also community, Matthean Maximilla 202f Lactantius 242n.9 Maximilla, Montanist prophetess 241 Lamech's song of revenge 161 meals, religious 224, 225, 228f lawsuits 291 Menander 366n.85 leadership, paid 242n.l0 mentality, -ies 288, 297 leadership structures 169, 384, 388 Messiah, the 151, 155f letters, see Catholic letters; Ignatius Messianic secret 151 and his letters; Paul, letters of - see also Jesus as Messiah libertinism, libertines 212, 227, 229, metaphor 2f, 45, 51, 53, 187, 286n.2 345f Methodius 259 "little ones" 152, 157, 167f, 171f method, -ology, -ological 3, 13, 351-53 logia, logoi, see sayings Michelangelo 100 loose, see authorization to bind and microtext, microtextual approaches loose 102, 109 Lord's Day 346, 360, 362 millennial kingdom 252 Lord's Prayer 161f, 166 - see also chiliasm Lord's Supper, see eucharist Minucius Felix 286f love 288, 290f, 300, 304-306, 309f, ministerium ecclesiasticum 166, 168 313f, 400-408 mission, missiological 6, 102, 158, Lucian of Samosata 287n.4 163f, 166, 314 Luke, Evangelist and Gospel 97, 100, monarchical episcopacy 318n.4, 379, 103, 113, 120f, 300f 383, 390 Luke-Acts 12, 176 - see also monepiscopacy monepiscopacy 13, 318, 336f Macedonia 127-29 Montanism, Montanists 9f, 239ff Magnesians, Ignatius' letter to the M. Montanus 241, 244n.l7, 245n.l8, 247 and the recipients 324-26, 358-64, motherhood 197, 199 372f Muratorian Canon 245n.l9, 255f, 259f, makarism 119, 121, 150, 152 266n.3 male, -ness 180, 188, 198, 200, 203 mystery, -ies, mystery cults 211, 361 - see also gender; virgins 448 Index of Subjects and Names myth, -s, mythology, mythological 93, patience 404-408 95, 115, 119, 184, 344, 346n.20 patriarchal 175, 178-80, 187, 190f, mythmaking process 119f 194, 198, 200f, 302f patron, -s 192f, 199-201 narrative 103,111-15,120 Paul 4f, 124-43, 195f Nathan promise/prophecy 151,155 - idealised and legendary / Pastoral 6f, Nazarenes, Nazoreans 274f, 278 177f, 180-83, 189, 193, 195f, 200 - Gospel of, see Gospel of the - letters of 4f, 12, 126, 133, 137f, 140, Nazarenes 181, 189, 290-93 Nero 3If - - see also Ephesians; Collosians; Nestorians 253n.41 Pastoral letters new creation, see creation, new - see also churches, Pauline; "new "new perspective" on Paul 19 perspective " Nicolaitans 224f Pentecost 21, 34 nota 253 people of God 285,301 Novatian, Novatians 255f Pepuza 24In.6 Perpetua, see Martyrdom of P. and Octavius 286f Felicitas oikonomia 186, 191 Pesach, see Passover Onesimus 292 Peshitta 253n.41 Onesimus, bishop in Ephesus 319-21, Peter 27, 38, 200, 399f 364f - confession of 6, 147-49 Origen 239, 244n.l7, 245n.l9, 267, 269 - see also authorization of Peter; origin, -s bishop of Rome; primacy; rock - Christian 98 Peter, First letter of 12, 38, 190-92, - — see also beginnings, Christian 306 - Jewish 116 Petra, Petros 6, 152f orthodoxy, orthodox 213, 218f, 227, - see also Kepha; rock 233, 342-44, 353, 367, 388 Pharisees, see Judaism, Pharisaic Other, otherness 63, 185, 185n.26, 190, Philadelphians, Ignatius' letter to the P. 198, 201 and the recipients 328-31,354-57, outsiders 308 364, 372f Philippi 130, 139 Papias 10, 242n.9, 270-72 Philo, deacon from Cilicia 354 parables philosophy, philosophical 191,310 - of the talents 275f - schools 116 - of the wicked tenants 105 Phoebe 140 Paraclete 244, 246-51, 258n.58, 261 Phrygia 241, 242n.l0, 244n.l7 paradigm shift in biblical scholarship Pietism 314 73f polite ia 191 paraenesis, paraenetic 176f, 185, 191, politician, honourable 193 193, 200, 302 Polybius 334 parting of the ways 2f, 20, 43, 45-55, Polycarp 124, 139, 322, 332, 334, 60-63, 70-72 341n.l, 342, 365 Passover 21,68f Pope, papal 145, 153n.l4, 166 Pastoral letters 6-8, 12, I75ff, 213, - see also bishop of Rome 218, 220, 301-303 power, see authority paterfamilias institution 6, 179, 190f, presbyter, -s 12, 317-19, 321, 324-26, 200 329, 33If, 334f, 382, 386, 390f pathos 291, 302, 308 - succession of 390 Index of Subjects and Names 449 priesthood 356-58, 364, 373 - captatio benevolentiae 318, 322n.l5, primacy of Peter, Roman 6, 153, 167f, 334 399, 403 - ethos 13, 321f, 325f, 327f, 332, 335 Primatstelle 145 - examples 13, 321, 325, 331f, 335 Prisca 130 - laus 13, 321, 325, 327, 329, 332, 334 Priscilla, Montanist prophetess 241 - see also pathos Proclus 247 Rheus Agathopous 354 procreation 7, 178f, 187f, 193, 195, 197 rock 6, 152f, 167 promiscuity, see sexuality - see also Petra, Petros prophecy 9, 242 Roman Catholic 145,151,153 prophet, -s, prophetic 103-11, 119f, Rome 10, 29-35, 124, 132f, 241, 169-71, 245, 249, 347f, 356-64, 373, 244n.l7, 247-49, 253, 255f, 259f, 401 308, 371 - itinerant 108 - see also bishop of Rome - - see also charismatics, wandering rule of faith, see regula fidei - Montanist 245-47 Rufinus of Aquileia 257 - women 241, 244n.l7, 245n.l8 - see also visions, visionary Sabbath 214f experiences - observance of 2, 36, 56, 65-69, 346, pseudonymity 177, 219 362f Pseudo-Tertullian 244n.l7 - regulations 163 purity, p. laws 163, 217-19, 223, 231, sacrificial meat 223 233, 236f saga tradition 95 sages 170 Q (Sayings Source) 4, 12, 93, 97-106, salvation 108-16, 118-21, 294-96 - eternal 405 Q people 101-103, 105f, 109-11, 115f - universal 183 Q Project, International 97f sapiental, see wisdom Qumran, community of 348n.24 Satan 156, 198 - see also Devil rabbinic tradition 6, 157-59 Saturninus 345, 349f, 366f, 373 ransom money 23f Saviour 183, 189, 199, 357 - see also Temple tax sayings, of Jesus 99 recognition, public 192f, 198f, 201 schism, schismatics, see church, schism redaction criticism 98, 100, 146 and unity; heretics Reformation, the 145, 153 school 168f, 172 regula fidei 246, 261, 388, 392 scribe, -s 4, 93, 102f, 104, 108-11, remission of sins 6, 157-66 115f, 170 respectability, see recognition Scriptures resurrection 179, 184, 346, 356, - Holy 9, 171 362-64, 369, 371 - interpretation of 348, 355-58, 367 Revelation of John 8f, 10, 212f, - Jewish 355f 223-25, 230, 251-54, 260, 270 - see also Bible; canon rhetorical analysis 109, 176, 336f Second Temple Judaism, see Judaism, rhetorical handbooks 113 early rhetorical function 287, 289, 35If sect, sectarian church 314 rhetorics, rhetorical devices 12f, 102f, self-sufficiency 292 317-20, 335f self-understanding 285,289,313 - association 12, 320f, 324f, 326f, Serapion of Antioch 243 329f, 331-34 Sermon, inaugural 112 450 Index of Subjects and Names

Sermon on the Mount / Plain 111, 163, subjection 186, 198f 166 subordination 183f, 192 sexuality, sexualisation 190, 193f, - of women/wives 75f, 190 196f, 200, 203f, 225f, 302 succession, apostolic/episcopal 15, 153, Shakespeare, William 95, 120 389-91, 407 Shepherd of Hermas, see Hermas - see also presbyters, succession of sibling, -s, siblingship 6, llf, 172, Suetonius 25, 31f, 37n.72 285ff, 401, 404 Sunday, see Lord's Day - see also brotherhood; family support silence, see Gnosticism, silence - material 128 Simon 366n.85 - of one another 288 sin offering 23 Susuzoren 24In.6 sisters, see siblings, siblingship sympathisers 102 slander 178, 198f synagogue, -s 33f. 68n.53, 70 slave, -s 192, 198f - of Satan 44 Smyrna 123, 139, 358, 363f, 370 synagogue authorities 29, 34 Smyrnaeans, Ignatius' letter to the S. synchronic 146f, 176 and the recipients 331, 365f, 373f, 375-77 Tabernacles, Feast of 21 social acceptance 191 Tacitus 3If social agenda 193, 195 Tatian 10, 120, 274, 281 social analysis 109 taxes, Roman 29-34 social behaviour 186, 189 teachers social function 287, 289 - women 179 social history 191 - lawless 179 social models 116 Temple, in Jerusalem 2, 103 social order 180 - destruction of 47 social processes 96 - of God 155 social realities 94f - new 155 social relationships 287, 292, 296, 299, Temple tax 2, 19jf, 20-25 305, 312f temples, pagan 223f social status 193f temptation story 112 social-scientific 94 tension, see conflict Society of Biblical Literature IX, 98f Tertullian 135n.46, 242n.9, 243, socio-rhetorical approaches 102 244n.l7, 246, 249, 254, 257f, 261, sociology, sociological 94, 139 31 If Sophia 103 testament genre 181 son of David 151,155 Thecla, Book of 7, 176, 196, 200, son of Man 232 202-204 sound teaching 7, 180, 183, 186f, 190 Themiso 244 source criticism 112 Thessalonica, Thessalonians 127 Sozomen 259 Thomas 200 status 199 Thomas, Evangelist and Gospel of 109, - ethnic 194 112-15, 277f, 295n.31 - gender 194 Thrace 241 - slave 192 Three Gospel Hypothesis 267f, 271, Stephen, bishop of Rome 395-98, 406f 273n.20 Stoicism, Stoic,-s 191,301 Thyatira 250n.31 stratigraphy, stratigraphic 94 Tiberias 11 Of structuralism 94 Index of Subjects and Names 451

Timothy 7, 129, 142, 176f, 211-13, Vespasian 24 217, 219-21 virtue,-s 184 Titus 7, 22n.l4, 142, 177, 211, 213, virgin birth 269, 355, 369 218-21 virgins tolerance 299, 311, 313, 404, 406 - male 3, 85, 87-89, 200, 203, 233 tradition, Pauline 180, 182 visions, visionary experiences 219, 228 - see also apostolic tradition - see also prophets, prophetic Trajan 341 Volkskirche 314 trajectories of ecclesial development 287, 289, 296, 305-307, 312-14 wealth 199f Trallians, Ignatius' letter to the T. and woman, women 7-9, 75f, 179, 184, the recipients 326-28, 364, 365, 188, 195, 197, 199f, 242, 245 373f, 375-77 woman caught in adultery 272, 279 Twelve, the 167 worship Tymion 241n.6 - of angels 231,233, 236f - of Jesus 1 unity 4f, 123f, 135, 142f, 195, 288 wisdom 106, 179, 277f, 280 - see also church, schism and unity wise men, see sages Urbicus 310 widows 179, 197f veneration of angels, see worship Zebedee 300 Valentinus 372 Zotion, deacon in Magnesia 325, 358 - see also Gnosticism, Valentinian value, -s 187

Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament Alphabetical Index of the First and Second Series

Ädna, Jostein: Jesu Stellung zum Tempel. Bammel, Ernst: Judaica. Volume I 1986. 2000. Volume U/119. Volume 37. - (Ed.): The Formation of the Early Church. - Volume II 1997. Volume 91. 2005. Volume 183. Bash, Anthony: Ambassadors for Christ. 1997. - and Kvalbein, Hans (Ed.): The Mission of Volume II/92. the Early Church to Jews and Gentiles. 2000. Bauernfeind, Otto: Kommentar und Studien zur Volume 127. Apostelgeschichte. 1980. Volume 22. Alkier, Stefan: Wunder und Wirklichkeit in den Baum, Armin Daniel: Pseudepigraphie und Briefen des Apostels Paulus. 2001. literarische Fälschung im frühen Christen- Volume 134. tum. 2001. Volume II/138. Anderson, Paul N.: The Christology of the Bayer, Hans Friedrich: Jesus' Predictions of Fourth Gospel. 1996. Volume 11/78. Vindication and Resurrection. 1986. Appold, Mark L.: The Oneness Motif in the Volume 11/20. Fourth Gospel. 1976. Volume 11/1. Becker, Michael: Wunder und Wundertäter Arnold, Clinton E.: The Colossian Syncretism. im früh-rabbinischen Judentum. 2002. 1995. Volume 11/77. Volume U/144. Ascough, Richards.: Paul's Macedonian Bell, Richard H.: The Irrevocable Call of God. Associations. 2003. Volume 11/161. 2005. Volume 184. Asiedu-Peprah, Martin: Johannine Sabbath - No One Seeks for God. 1998. Volume 106. Conflicts As Juridical Controversy. 2001. - Provoked to Jealousy. 1994. Volume 11/63. Volume 11/132. Bennema, Cornells: The Power of Saving Avemarie, Friedrich: Die Tauferzählungen der Wisdom. 2002. Volume 11/148. Apostelgeschichte. 2002. Volume 139. Bergman, Jan: see Kieffer, René Avemarie, Friedrich and Hermann Lichtenberger Bergmeier, Roland: Das Gesetz im Römerbrief (Ed.): Auferstehung - Ressurection. 2001. und andere Studien zum Neuen Testament. Volume 135. 2000. Volume 121. Avemarie, Friedrich and Hermann Betz, Otto: Jesus, der Messias Israels. 1987. Lichtenberger (Ed.): Bund und Tora. 1996. Volume 42. Volume 92. - Jesus, der Herr der Kirche. 1990. Volume 52. Baarlink, Heinrich: Verkündigtes Heil. 2004. Beyschlag, Karlmann: Simon Magus und die Volume 168. christliche Gnosis. 1974. Volume 16. Bachmann, Michael: Sünder oder Übertreter. Bittner, Wolf gang J.: Jesu Zeichen im Johannes- 1992. Volume 59. evangelium. 1987. Volume II/26. Bachmann, Michael (Ed.): Lutherische und Bjerkelund, CarlJ.: Tauta Egeneto. 1987. Neue Paulusperspektive. 2005. Volume 182. Volume 40. Back, Frances: Verwandlung durch Offenbarung Blackburn, Barry Lee: Theios Anér and the bei Paulus. 2002. Volume U/153. Markan Miracle Traditions. 1991. Baker, William R.: Personal Speech-Ethics in the Volume II/40. Epistle of James. 1995. Volume 11/68. Bock, Darreil L.: Blasphemy and Exaltation in Bakke, OddMagne: 'Concord and Peace'. Judaism and the Final Examination of Jesus. 2001. Volume 11/143. 1998. Volume II/106. Balla, Peter: Challenges to New Testament Bockmuehl, Markus N.A.: Revelation and Theology. 1997. Volume 11/95. Mystery in Ancient Judaism and Pauline - The Child-Parent Relationship in the New Christianity. 1990. Volume 11/36. Testament and its Environment. 2003. B0e, Sverre: Gog and Magog. 2001. Volume 155. Volume 11/135. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

Böhlig, Alexander: Gnosis und Synkretismus. Classen, Carl Joachim: Rhetorical Criticsm of Teil 1 1989. Volume 47- Teil 2 1989. the New Testament. 2000. Volume 128. Volume 48. Colpe, Carsten: Iranier - Aramäer - Hebräer - Böhm, Martina: Samarien und die Samaritai bei Hellenen. 2003. Volume 154. Lukas. 1999. Volume 11/111. Crump, David: Jesus the Intercessor. 1992. Böttrich, Christfried: Weltweisheit - Mensch- Volume 11/49. heitsethik - Urkult. 1992. Volume 11/50. Dahl, Nils Alstrup: Studies in Ephesians. 2000. Bolyki, Jänos: Jesu Tischgemeinschaften. 1997. Volume 131. Volume U/96. Deines, Roland: Die Gerechtigkeit der Tora im Bosman, Philip: Conscience in Philo and Paul. Reich des Messias. 2004. Volume 177. 2003. Volume 11/166. - Jüdische Steingefäße und pharisäische Bovon, François: Studies in Early Christianity. Frömmigkeit. 1993. Volume U/52. 2003. Volume 16!. - Die Pharisäer. 1997. Volume 101. Brocke, Christoph vom: Thessaloniki - Stadt - and Karl-Wilhelm Niebuhr (Ed.): Philo und des Kassander und Gemeinde des Paulus. das Neue Testament. 2004. Volume 172. 2001. Volume 11/125. Dettwiler, Andreas and Jean Zumstein (Ed.): Brunson, Andrew: Psalm 118 in the Gospel of Kreuzestheologie im Neuen Testament. John. 2003. Volume 11/158. 2002. Volume 151. Biichli, Jörg: Der Poimandres - ein paganisier- Dickson, John P.: Mission-Commitment in tes Evangelium. 1987. Volume 11/27. Ancient Judaism and in the Pauline Buhner, Jan A.: Der Gesandte und sein Weg im Communities. 2003. Volume U/159. 4. Evangelium. 1977. Volume 11/2. Dietzfelbinger, Christian: Der Abschied des Burchard, Christoph: Untersuchungen zu Kommenden. 1997. Volume 95. Joseph und Aseneth. 1965. Volume 8. Dimitrov, IvanZ., James D.G. Dunn, Ulrich - Studien zur Theologie, Sprache und Umwelt Luz and Karl-Wilhelm Niebuhr (Ed.): Das des Neuen Testaments. Ed. von D. Sänger. Alte Testament als christliche Bibel in 1998. Volume 107. orthodoxer und westlicher Sicht. 2004. Burnett, Richard: Karl Barth's Theological Volume 174. Exegesis. 2001. Volume U/145. Dobbeler, Axel von: Glaube als Teilhabe. 1987. Byron, John: Slavery Metaphors in Early Volume 11/22. Judaism and Pauline Christianity. 2003. Du Toit, David S.: Theios Anthropos. 1997. Volume 11/162. Volume U/91 Byrskog, Samuel: Story as History - History as Dübbers, Michael: Christologie und Existenz im Story. 2000. Volume 123. Kolosserbrief. 2005. Volume U/191. Cancik, Hubert (Ed.): Markus-Philologie. 1984. Dunn, James D.G. (Ed.): Jews and Christians. Volume 33. 1992. Volume 66. Capes, David B.: Old Testament Yaweh Texts in - Paul and the Mosaic Law. 1996. Volume 89. Paul's Christology. 1992. Volume U/47. - see Dimitrov, Ivan Z. Caragounis, Chrys C.: The Development of Dunn, James D.G., Hans Klein, Ulrich Luz and Greek and the New Testament. 2004. Vasile Mihoc (Ed.): Auslegung der Bibel in Volume 167. orthodoxer und westlicher Perspektive. 2000. - The Son of Man. 1986. Volume 38. Volume 130. - see Fridrichsen, Anton. Ebel, Eva: Die Attraktivität früher christlicher Carleton Paget, James: The Epistle of Barnabas. Gemeinden. 2004. Volume U/178. 1994. Volume 11/64. Ebertz., Michael N.: Das Charisma des Gekreu- Carson, D.A., O'Brien, Peter T. and Mark zigten. 1987. Volume 45. Seifrid (Ed.): Justification and Variegated Eckstein, Hans-Joachim: Der Begriff Syneidesis Nomism. bei Paulus. 1983. Volume U/10. Volume 1 : The Complexities of Second - Verheißung und Gesetz. 1996. Volume 86. Temple Judaism. 2001. Volume 11/140. Ego, Beate: Im Himmel wie auf Erden. 1989. Volume 2: The Paradoxes of Paul. 2004. Volume II/34 Volume 11/181. Ego, Beate, Armin Lange and Peter Pilhofer Ciampa, Roy E. : The Presence and Function of (Ed.): Gemeinde ohne Tempel - Community Scripture in Galatians 1 and 2. 1998. without Temple. 1999. Volume 118. Volume 11/102. Eisen, Ute E.: see Paulsen, Henning. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

Ellis, E. Earle: Prophecy and Hermeneutic in Garlington, DonB.: 'TheObedienceofFaith'. Early Christianity. 1978. Volume 18. 1991. Volume 11/38. - The Old Testament in Early Christianity. - Faith, Obedience, and Perseverance. 1994. 1991. Volume 54. Volume 79. Endo, Masanobu: Creation and Christology. Garnet, Paul: Salvation and Atonement in the 2002. Volume 149. Qumran Scrolls. 1977. Volume 11/3. Ennulat, Andreas: Die 'Minor Agreements'. Gemünden, Petra von (Ed.): see Weissenrieder, 1994. Volume 11/62. Annette. Ensor, Peter W.: Jesus and His 'Works'. 1996. Gese, Michael: Das Vermächtnis des Apostels. Volume 11/85. 1997. Volume 11/99. Eskola, Timo: Messiah and the Throne. 2001. Gheorghita, Radu: The Role of the Septuagint Volume U/142. in Hebrews. 2003. Volume 11/160. - Theodicy and Predestination in Pauline Grübe, Petrus J.: The Power of God in Paul's Soteriology. 1998. Volume 11/100. Letters. 2000. Volume 11/123. Fatehi, Mehrdad: The Spirit's Relation to the Gräßer, Erich: Der Alte Bund im Neuen. 1985. Risen Lord in Paul. 2000. Volume 11/128. Volume 35. Feldmeier, Reinhard: Die Krisis des Gottessoh- - Forschungen zur Apostelgeschichte. 2001. nes. 1987. Volume 11/21. Volume 137. - Die Christen als Fremde. 1992. Volume 64. Green, Joel B.: The Death of Jesus. 1988. Feldmeier, Reinhard and Ulrich Heckel (Ed.): Volume 11/33. Die Heiden. 1994. Volume 70. Gregory, Andrew: The Reception of Luke and Fletcher-Louis, Crispin H.T.: Luke-Acts: Acts in the Period before Irenaeus. 2003. Angels, Christology and Soteriology. 1997. Volume 11/169. Volume 11/94. Gundry, Robert H.: The Old is Better. 2005. Förster, Niclas: Marcus Magus. 1999. Volume 178. Volume 114. Gundry Volf, Judith M.: Paul and Perseverance. Forbes, Christopher Brian: Prophecy and 1990. Volume U/37. Inspired Speech in Early Christianity and its Hafemann, Scott J.: Suffering and the Spirit. Hellenistic Environment. 1995. Volume 11/75. 1986. Volume 11/19. Fornherg, Tord: see Fridrichsen, Anton. - Paul, Moses, and the History of Israel. 1995. Fossum, Jarl E.: The Name of God and the Volume 81. Angel of the Lord. 1985. Volume 36. Hahn, Johannes (Ed.): Zerstörungen des Foster, Paul: Community, Law and Mission in Jerusalemer Tempels. 2002. Volume 147. Matthew's Gospel. Volume 11/177. Hannah, Darrel D.: Michael and Christ. 1999. Fotopoulos, John: Food Offered to Idols in Volume 11/109. Roman Corinth. 2003. Volume 11/151. Hamid-Khani, Saeed: Relevation and Con- Frenschkowski, Marco: Offenbarung und cealment of Christ. 2000. Volume 11/120. Epiphanie. Volume 1 1995. Volume 11/79 - Harrison; James R.: Paul's Language of Grace Volume 2 1997. Volume 11/80. in Its Graeco-Roman Context. 2003. Frey, Jörg: Eugen Drewermann und die Volume 11/172. biblische Exegese. 1995. Volume 11/71. Hartman, Lars: Text-Centered New Testament - Die johanneische Eschatologie. Volume I. Studies. Ed. von D. Hellholm. 1997. 1997. Volume 96. - Volume II. 1998. Volume 102. Volume 110. Hartog, Paul: Polycarp and the New Testament. - Volume III. 2000. Volume 117. 2001. Volume 11/134. Frey, Jörg and Udo Schnelle (Ed.): Kontexte Heckel, Theo K.: Der Innere Mensch. 1993. des Johannesevangeliums. 2004. Volume 11/53. Volume 175. - Vom Evangelium des Markus zum viergestal- - and Jens Schröter (Ed.): Deutungen des tigen Evangelium. 1999. Volume 120. Todes Jesu im Neuen Testament. 2005. Heckel, Ulrich: Kraft in Schwachheit. 1993. Volume 181. Volume 11/56. Freyne, Sean: Galilee and Gospel. 2000. - Der Segen im Neuen Testament. 2002. Volume 125. Volume 150. Fridrichsen, Anton: Exegetical Writings. Edited - see Feldmeier, Reinhard. by C.C. Caragounis and T. Fornberg. 1994. - see Hengel, Martin. Volume 76. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

Heiligenthal, Roman: Werke als Zeichen. 1983. Joubert, Stephan: Paul as Benefactor. 2000. Volume U/9. Volume U/124. Hellholm, D.: see Hartman, Lars. Jungbauer, Harry: „Ehre Vater und Mutter". Hemer, Colin J. : The Book of Acts in the Setting 2002. Volume 11/146. ofHellenistic History. 1989. Volume 49. Kahler, Christoph: Jesu Gleichnisse als Poesie Hengel, Martin: Judentum und Hellenismus. und Therapie. 1995. Volume 78. 1969,31988. Volume 10. Kamiah, Ehrhard: Die Form der katalogischen - Die johanneische Frage. 1993. Volume 67. Paränese im Neuen Testament. 1964. Volume 7. - JudaicaetHellenistica. Kammler, Hans-Christian: Christologie und Kleine Schriften I. 1996. Volume 90. Eschatologie. 2000. Volume 126. - Judaica, Hellenistica et Christiana. - Kreuz und Weisheit. 2003. Volume 159. Kleine Schriften II. 1999. Volume 109. - see Hofius, Otfried. - Paulus und Jakobus. Kelhoffer, James A.: The Diet of John the Kleine Schriften III. 2002. Volume 141. Baptist. 2005. Volume 176. Hengel, Martin and Ulrich Heckel (Ed.): Paulus - Miracle and Mission. 1999. Volume U/112. und das antike Judentum. 1991. Volume 58. Kieffer, René and Jan Bergman (Ed.): La Main de Hengel, Martin and Hermut Lohr (Ed.): Dieu / Die Hand Gottes. 1997. Volume 94. Schriftauslegung im antiken Judentum und Kim, Seyoon: The Origin of Paul's Gospel. im Urchristentum. 1994. Volume 73. 1981,21984. Volume U/4. Hengel, Martin and Anna Maria Schwemer: - Paul and the New Perspective. 2002. Paulus zwischen Damaskus und Antiochien. Volume 140. 1998. Volume 108. - "The 'Son of Man'" as the Son of God. - Der messianische Anspruch Jesu und die 1983. Volume 30. Anfänge der Christologie. 2001. Volume 138. Klauck, Hans-Josef: Religion und Gesellschaft Hengel, Martin and Anna Maria Schwemer im frühen Christentum. 2003. Volume 152. (Ed.): Königsherrschaft Gottes und himm- Klein, Hans: see Dunn, James D.G.. lischer Kult. 1991. Volume 55. Kleinknecht, Karl Th.: Der leidende Gerechtfer- - Die Septuaginta. 1994. Volume 72. tigte. 1984,21988. Volume 11/13. Hengel, Martin; Siegfried Mittmann and Anna Klinghardt, Matthias: Gesetz und Volk Gottes. Maria Schwemer (Ed.): La Cité de Dieu / 1988. Volume 11/32. Die Stadt Gottes. 2000. Volume 129. Koch, Michael: Drachenkampf und Sonnenfrau. Herrenbriick, Fritz: Jesus und die Zöllner. 1990. 2004. Volume U/184. Volume II/41. Koch, Stefan: Rechtliche Regelung von Herzer, Jens: Paulus oder Petrus? 1998. Konflikten im frühen Christentum. 2004. Volume 103. Volume U/174. Hoegen-Rohls, Christina: Der nachösterliche Köhler, Wolf-Dietrich: Rezeption des Matthäus- Johannes. 1996. Volume II/84. evangeliums in der Zeit vor Irenaus. 1987. Hofius, Otfried: Katapausis. 1970. Volume 11. Volume II/24. - Der Vorhang vor dem Thron Gottes. 1972. Köhn, Andreas: Der Neutestamentier Ernst Volume 14. Lohmeyer. 2004. Volume U/180. - Der Christushymnus Philipper 2,6-11.1976, Kooten, George H. van: Cosmic Christology in 21991. Volume 17. Paul and the Pauline School. 2003. - Paulusstudien. 1989,21994. Volume 51. Volume U/171. - Neutestamentliche Studien. 2000. Volume 132. Korn, Manfred: Die Geschichte Jesu in - Paulusstudien II. 2002. Volume 143. veränderter Zeit. 1993. Volume II/51. Hofius, Otfried and Hans-Christian Kammler: Koskenniemi, Erkki: Apollonios von Tyana in Johannesstudien. 1996. Volume 88. der neutestamentlichen Exegese. 1994. Holtz, Traugott: Geschichte und Theologie des Volume II/61. Urchristentums. 1991. Volume 57. Kraus, Thomas J. : Sprache, Stil und historischer Hommel, Hildebrecht: Sebasmata. Volume 1 1983. Ort des zweiten Petrusbriefes. 2001. Volume 31 - Volume 2 1984. Volume 32. Volume II/136. Hvalvik, Reidar: The Struggle for Scripture and Kraus, Wolfgang: Das Volk Gottes. 1996. Covenant. 1996. Volume 11/82. Volume 85. Johns, Loren L.: The Lamb Christology of the - and Karl-Wilhelm Niebuhr (Ed.): Früh- Apocalypse of John. 2003. Volume 11/167. judentum und Neues Testament im Horizont Biblischer Theologie. 2003. Volume 162. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

- see Walter, Nikolaus. Maier, Gerhard: Mensch und freier Wille. 1971. Kreplin, Matthias: Das Selbstverständnis Jesu. Volume 12. 2001. Volume 11/141. - Die Johannesoffenbarung und die Kirche. Kuhn, Karl G.: Achtzehngebet und Vaterunser 1981. Volume 25. und der Reim. 1950. Volume 1. Markschies, Christoph: Valentinus Gnosticus? Kvalbein, Hans: see Ädna, Jostein. 1992. Volume 65. Kwon, Yon-Gyong: Eschatology in Galatians. Marshall, Peter: Enmity in Corinth: Social 2004. Volume 11/183. Conventions in Paul's Relations with the Laansma, Jon: 1 Will Give You Rest. 1997. Corinthians. 1987. Volume 11/23. Volume U/98. Mayer, Annemarie: Sprache der Einheit im Labahn, Michael: Offenbarung in Zeichen und Epheserbrief und in der Ökumene. 2002. Wort. 2000. Volume 11/117. Volume U/150. Lambers-Petry, Doris: see Tomson, Peter J. McDonough, Sean M.: YHWH at Patmos: Lange, Armin: see Ego, Beate. Rev. 1:4 in its Hellenistic and Early Jewish Lampe, Peter: Die stadtrömischen Christen in Setting. 1999. Volume 11/107. den ersten beiden Jahrhunderten. 1987, McGlynn, Moyna: Divine Judgement and 2 1989. Volume 11/18. Divine Benevolence in the Book of Wisdom. Landmesser, Christof: Wahrheit als Grundbe- 2001. Volume IUI39. griff neutestamentlicher Wissenschaft. 1999. Meade, David G. : Pseudonymity and Canon. Volume 113. 1986. Volume 39. - Jüngerberufung und Zuwendung zu Gott. Meadors, Edward P.: Jesus the Messianic 2000. Volume 133. Herald of Salvation. 1995. Volume 11/72. Lau, Andrew: Manifest in Flesh. 1996. Meißner, Stefan: Die Heimholung des Ketzers. Volume U/86. 1996. Volume 11/87. Lawrence, Louise: An Ethnography of the Meli, Ulrich: Die „anderen" Winzer. 1994. Gospel of Matthew. 2003. Volume 11/165. Volume 77. Lee, Aquila H.I.: From Messiah to Preexistent Menget, Berthold: Studien zum Philipperbrief. Son. 2005. Volume 11/192. 1982. Volume U/8. Lee, Pilchan: The New Jerusalem in the Book of Merkel, Helmut: Die Widersprüche zwischen Relevation. 2000. Volume 11/129. den Evangelien. 1971. Volume 13. Lichtenberger, Hermann: see Avemarie, Merklein, Helmut: Studien zu Jesus und Paulus. Friedrich. Volume 1 1987. Volume 43. - Volume 2 Lichtenberger, Hermann: Das Ich Adams und 1998. Volume ¡05. das Ich der Menschheit. 2004. Volume 164. Metzdorf, Christina: Die Tempelaktion Jesu. Lierman, John: The New Testament Moses. 2003. Volume U/168. 2004. Volume ¡1/173. Metzler, Karin: Der griechische Begriff des Lieu, Samuel N.C.: Manichaeism in the Later Verzeihens. 1991. Volume U/44. Roman Empire and Medieval China. 21992. Metzner, Rainer: Die Rezeption des Matthäus- Volume 63. evangeliums im 1. Petrusbrief. 1995. Lindgard, Fredrik: Paul's Line of Thought in 2 Volume U/74. Corinthians 4:16-5:10. 2004. Volume 11/189. - Das Verständnis der Sünde im Johannesevan- Loader, William R.G.: Jesus' Attitude Towards gelium. 2000. Volume 122. the Law. 1997. Volume ¡1/97. Mihoc, Vasile: see Dunn, James D.G.. Lohr, Gebhard: Verherrlichung Gottes durch Mineshige, Kiyoshi: Besitzverzicht und Philosophie. 1997. Volume 97. Almosen bei Lukas. 2003. Volume U/163. Lohr, Hermut: Studien zum frühchristlichen und Mittmann, Siegfried: see Hengel, Martin. frühjüdischen Gebet. 2003. Volume 160. Mittmann-Richert, Ulrike: Magnifikat und - see Hengel, Martin. Benediktus. 1996. Volume U/90. Lohr, Winrich Alfried: Basilides und seine Mournet, Terence C.: Oral Tradition and Schule. 1995. Volume 83. Literary Dependency. 2005. Volume U/195. Luomanen, Petri: Entering the Kingdom of Mußner, Franz: Jesus von Nazareth im Umfeld Heaven. 1998. Volume 11/101. Israels und der Urkirche. Ed. von M. Luz, Ulrich: see Dunn, James D.G. Theobald. 1998. Volume 111. Mackay, Ian D.: John's Raltionship with Mark. Niebuhr, Karl-Wilhelm: Gesetz und Paränese. 2004. Volume U/182. 1987. Volume II/28. - Heidenapostel aus Israel. 1992. Volume 62. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

- see Deines, Roland Pöhlmann, Wolfgang: Der Verlorene Sohn und - see Dimitrov, Ivan Z. das Haus. 1993. Volume 68. - see Kraus, Wolfgang Pokorny, Petra.ndJo.sefB. Soucek: Bibelausle- Nielsen, Anders E.: "Until it is Fullfilled". 2000. gung als Theologie. 1997. Volume 100. Volume H/126. Pokorny, Petr and Jan Roskovec (Ed.): Nissen, Andreas: Gott und der Nächste im Philosophical Hermeneutics and Biblical antiken Judentum. 1974. Volume 15. Exegesis. 2002. Volume 153. Noack, Christian: Gottesbewußtsein. 2000. Porter, Stanley E.: The Paul of Acts. 1999. Volume 11/116. Volume 115. Noormann, Rolf: Irenaus als Paulusinterpret. Prieur, Alexander: Die Verkündigung der 1994. Volume 11/66. Gottesherrschaft. 1996. Volume II/89. Novakovic, Lidija: Messiah, the Healerof the Probst, Hermann: Paulus und der Brief. 1991. Sick. 2003. Volume 11/170. Volume U/45. Obermann, Andreas: Die christologische Räisänen, Heikki: Paul and the Law. 1983, Erfüllung der Schrift im Johannesevangeli- 21987. Volume 29. um. 1996. Volume 11/83. Rehkopf Friedrich: Die lukanische Sonderquel- Ohler, Markus: Barnabas. 2003. Volume 156. le. 1959. Volume 5. Okure, Teresa: The Johannine Approach to Rein, Matthias: Die Heilung des Blindgeborenen Mission. 1988. Volume 11/31. (Joh 9). 1995. Volume 11/73. Onuki, Takashi: Heil und Erlösung. 2004. Reinmuth, Eckart: Pseudo-Philo und Lukas. Volume 165. 1994. Volume 74. Oropeza, B. J. : Paul and Apostasy. 2000. Reiser, Marius: Syntax und Stil des Markus- Volume 11/115. evangeliums. 1984. Volume 11/11. Ostmeyer, Karl-Heinrich: Taufe und Typos. Rhodes, James N.: The Epistle of Barnabas 2000. Volume 11/118. and the Deuteronomic Tradition. 2004. Paulsen, Henning: Studien zur Literatur und Volume U/188. Geschichte des frühen Christentums. Ed. von Richards, E. Randolph: The Secretary in the Ute E. Eisen. 1997. Volume 99. Letters of Paul. 1991. Volume U/42. Pao, David W.: Acts and the Isaianic New Riesner, Rainer: Jesus als Lehrer. 1981, '1988. Exodus. 2000. Volume U/130. Volume U/7. Park, Eung Chun: The Mission Discourse in - Die Frühzeit des Apostels Paulus. 1994. Matthew's Interpretation. 1995. Volume 71. Volume 11/81. Rissi, Mathias: Die Theologie des Hebräerbriefs. Park, Joseph S.: Conceptions of Afterlife in 1987. Volume 41. Jewish Insriptions. 2000. Volume 11/121. Roskovec, Jan: see Pokorny, Petr. Pate, C. Marvin: The Reverse of the Curse. Röhser, Günter: Metaphorik und Personifikation 2000. Volume U/114. der Sünde. 1987. Volume U/25. Peres, Imre: Griechische Grabinschriften und Rose, Christian: Die Wolke der Zeugen. 1994. neutestamentliche Eschatologie. 2003. Volume 11/60. Volume 157. Rothschild, Cläre K.: Luke Acts and the Philip, Finny: The Originis of Pauline Rhetoric of History. 2004. Volume 11/175. Pneumatology. Volume 11/194. Rüegger, Hans-Ulrich: Verstehen, was Markus Philonenko, Marc (Ed.): Le Trône de Dieu. erzählt. 2002. Volume 11/155. 1993. Volume 69. Rüger, Hans Peter: Die Weisheitsschrift aus der Pilhofer, Peter: Presbyteron Kreitton. 1990. Kairoer Geniza. 1991. Volume 53. Volume U/39. Sänger, Dieter: Antikes Judentum und die - Philippi. Volume 1 1995. Volume 87. - Mysterien. 1980. Volume U/5. Volume 2 2000. Volume 119. - Die Verkündigung des Gekreuzigten und - Die frühen Christen und ihre Welt. 2002. Israel. 1994. Volume 75. Volume 145. - see Burchard, Christoph - see Ego, Beate. Salier, Willis Hedley: The Rhetorical Impact of Plümacher, Eckhard: Geschichte und Geschich- the Semeia in the Gospel of John. 2004. ten. Aufsätze zur Apostelgeschichte und zu Volume U/186. den Johannesakten. Herausgegeben von Jens Salzmann, Jorg Christian: Lehren und Schröter und Ralph Brucker. 2004. Ermahnen. 1994. Volume U/59. Volume 170. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

Sandnes, Karl Olav: Paul - One of the Stenschke, Christoph W.: Luke's Portrait of Prophets? 1991. Volume 11/43. Gentiles Prior to Their Coming to Faith. Sato, Migaku: Q und Prophetie. 1988. Volume 11/108. Volume 11/29. Sterck-Degueldre, Jean-Pierre: Eine Frau Schäfer, Ruth: Paulus bis zum Apostelkonzil. namens Lydia. 2004. Volume 11/176. 2004. Volume 11/179. Stettier, Christian: Der Kolosserhymnus. 2000. Schaper, Joachim: Eschatology in the Greek Volume 11/131. Psalter. 1995. Volume 11/76. Stettier, Hanna: Die Christologie der Pastoral- Schimanowski, Gottfried: Die himmlische briefe. 1998. Volume II/105. Liturgie in der Apokalypse des Johannes. Stökl Ben Ezra, Daniel: The Impact of 2002. Volume 11/154. Yom Kippuron Early Christianity. 2003. - Weisheit und Messias. 1985. Volume U/17. Volume 163. Schlichting, Günter: Ein jüdisches Leben Jesu. Strobel, August: Die Stunde der Wahrheit. 1980. 1982. Volume 24. Volume 21. Schnabel, Eckhard J.: Law and Wisdom from Stroumsa, Guy G.: Barbarian Philosophy. 1999. Ben Sira to Paul. 1985. Volume 11/16. Volume 112. Schnelle, Udo: see Frey, Jörg. Stuckenbruck, Loren T.: Angel Veneration and Schröter, Jens: see Frey, Jörg. Christology. 1995. Volume 11/70. Schutter, William L.: Hermeneutic and Stuhlmacher, Peter (Ed.): Das Evangelium und Composition in I Peter. 1989. Volume 11/30. die Evangelien. 1983. Volume 28. Schwartz, DanielR.: Studies in the Jewish - Biblische Theologie und Evangelium. 2002. Background of Christianity. 1992. Volume 146. Volume 60. Sung, Chong-Hyon: Vergebung der Sünden. Schwemer, Anna Maria: see Hengel, Martin 1993. Volume 11/57. Scott, James M.: Adoption as Sons of God. Tajra, Harry W.: The Trial of St. Paul. 1989. 1992. Volume II/48. Volume 11/35. - Paul and the Nations. 1995. Volume 84. - The Martyrdom of St.Paul. 1994. Shum, Shiu-Lun: Paul's Use of Isaiah in Volume 11/67. Romans. 2002. Volume 11/156. Theißen, Gerd: Studien zur Soziologie des Siegert, Folker: Drei hellenistisch-jüdische Urchristentums. 1979, M989. Volume 19. Predigten. Teil I 1980. Volume 20- Teil II Theobald, Michael: Studien zum Römerbrief. 1992. Volume 61. 2001. Volume 136. - Nag-Hammadi-Register. 1982. Volume 26. Theobald, Michael: see Mußner, Franz. - Argumentation bei Paulus. 1985. Volume 34. Thornton, Claus-Jürgen: Der Zeuge des - Philon von Alexandrien. 1988.Volume 46. Zeugen. 1991. Volume 56. Simon, Marcel: Le christianisme antique et son Thüsing, Wilhelm: Studien zurneutestamentli- contextereligieuxI/II. 1981. Volume 23. chen Theologie. Ed. von Thomas Söding. Snodgrass, Klyne: The Parable of the Wicked 1995. Volume 82. Tenants. 1983. Volume 27. Thuren, Lauri: Derhethorizing Paul. 2000. Söding, Thomas: Das Wort vom Kreuz. 1997. Volume 124. Volume 93. Tolmie, D. Francois: Persuading the Galatians. - see Thüsing, Wilhelm. 2005. Volume U/190. Sommer, Urs: Die Passionsgeschichte des Tomson, Peter J. and Doris Lambers-Petry Markusevangeliums. 1993. Volume 11/58. (Ed.): The Image of the Judaeo-Christians in Soucek, Josef B.: see Pokorny, Petr. Ancient Jewish and Christian Literature. Spangenberg, Volker: Herrlichkeit des Neuen 2003. Volume 158. Bundes. 1993. Volume 11/55. Trebilco, Paul: The Early Christians in Ephesus Spanje, T.E. van: Inconsistency in Paul? 1999. from Paul to Ignatius. 2004. Volume 166. Volume 11/110. Treloar, Geoffrey R.: Lightfoot the Historian. Speyer, Wolfgang: Frühes Christentum im 1998. Volume U/103. antiken Strahlungsfeld. Volume I: 1989. Tsuji, Manabu: Glaube zwischen Vollkommen- Volume 50. heit und Verweltlichung. 1997. Volume II/93 - Volume II: 1999. Volume 116. Twelftree, Graham H.: Jesus the Exorcist. 1993. Stadelmann, Helge: Ben Sira als Schriftgelehr- Volume U/54. ter. 1980. Volume 11/6. Urban, Christina: Das Menschenbild nach dem Johannesevangelium. 2001. Volume II/137. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

Visotzky, Burton L.: Fathers of the World. 1995. Wiarda, Timothy: Peter in the Gospels. 2000. Volume 80. Volume 11/127. Vollenweider, Samuel: Horizonte neutestamentli- Wifstrand, Albert: Epochs and Styles. 2005. cher Christologie. 2002. Volume 144. Band 179. Vos, Johan S.: Die Kunst der Argumentation bei Wilk, Florian: see Walter, Nikolaus. Paulus. 2002. Volume 149. Williams, Catrin H.: I am He. 2000. Wagener, Ulrike: Die Ordnung des „Hauses Volume 11/113. Gottes". 1994. Volume 11/65. Wilson, Walter T.: Love without Pretense. 1991. Wahlen, Clinton: Jesus and the Impurity of Volume 11/46. Spirits in the Synoptic Gospels. 2004. Wischmeyer, Oda: Von Ben Sira zu Paulus. Volume 11/185. 2004. Volume 173. Walker, DonaldD.: Paul's Offer of Leniency Wisdom, Jeffrey: Blessing for the Nations and (2 Cor 10:1). 2002. Volume 11/152. the Curse of the Law. 2001. Volume 11/133. Walter, Nikolaus: Praeparatio Evangélica. Ed. Wold, Benjamin G.: Women, Men, and Angels. von Wolfgang Kraus und Florian Wilk. 2005. Volume 11/2001. 1997. Volume 98. Wright, Archie T.: The Origin of Evil Spirits. Wander, Bernd: Gottesfürchtige und Sympathi- 2005. Volume 11/198. santen. 1998. Volume 104. Wucherpfennig, Ansgar: Heracleon Philologus. Watts, Rikki: Isaiah's New Exodus and Mark. 2002. Volume 142. 1997. Volume 11/88. Yeung, Maureen: Faith in Jesus and Paul. 2002. Wedderburn, A.J.M.: Baptism and Resurrection. Volume 11/147. 1987. Volume 44. Zimmermann, AlfredE.: Die urchristlichen Wegner, Uwe: Der Hauptmann von Kafarnaum. Lehrer. 1984" 21988. Volume 11/12. 1985. Volume 11/14. Zimmermann, Johannes: Messianische Texte Weissenrieder, Annette: Images of Illness in the aus Qumran. 1998. Volume 11/104. Gospel of Luke. 2003. Volume 11/164. Zimmermann, Ruben: Christologie der Bilder -, Friederike Wendt and Petra von Gemünden im Johannesevangelium. 2004. Volume 171. (Ed.): Picturing the New Testament. 2005. - Geschlechtermetaphorik und Gottes- Volume 11/193. verhältnis. 2001. Volume 11/122. Welck, Christian: Erzählte .Zeichen'. 1994. Zumstein, Jean: see Dettwiler, Andreas Volume II/69. Zwiep, Arie W.: Judas and the Choice of Wendt, Friederike (Ed.): see Weissenrieder, Matthias. 2004. Volume U/187. Annette.

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