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Home , Cornus foemina, Hypopitys, Impatiens pallida, Kalmia polifolia, Lysimachia borealis, Lysimachia ciliata

3/8/20

Asterids : second of the two large Diversity of Wisconsin groups of Asterids Rosids: Separate . . . dogwoods, blueberries, and primroses . . .

Asterids:

Fused petals

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Asterids ** - blueberry family Worldwide family of subshrubs, shrubs, Symbiotic relationship with mycorrhizal epiphytes, and small trees. Characteristic relationship, forming haustoria - root to of nutrient poor ; in Wisconsin fungus connection, permits nutrient common in , acidic dominated uptake by , carbon uptake by , or sandy soils. fungus. Ericaceae now includes the totally fungus dependent mycotrophs - non chlorophyllous, all food and water from fungi

(1) fused petals (2) stamens = or less than number of petals (3) stamens fused to petals

Leatherleaf in Pinesap in pine 3 4

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**Ericaceae - blueberry family **Ericaceae - blueberry family

__ evergreen plants, with tough, leathery CA (4-5) CO (4-5) A 8-10 G (4-5) often revolute or inrolled along edge of , with sunken stomata, and bottom of leaves corolla tube bell or vase shaped - most often covered with protective hairs of our are 5 merous Stamens are 2X the number of petals with terminal pores for pollen release - rather than slits - for buzz pollination by bees

Arctostaphylos Rhododendron (Ledum) bearberry Labrador tea Note revolute leaves Chimaphila shinleaf

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**Ericaceae - blueberry family **Ericaceae - blueberry family

__ CA (4-5) CO (4-5) A 8-10 G (4-5) Bog rosemary has alternate leaves, revolute, and glaucous (white powdery) on the undersides Pistil is superior or inferior

Fruit a berry or and many seeds

Superior pistil Inferior pistil Andromeda glaucophylla - bog rosemary

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**Ericaceae - blueberry family **Ericaceae - blueberry family

Chamaedaphne calyculata leatherleaf

• dominant shrubby member Rhododendron of bogs groenlandicum • leaves are glandular dotted. (Ledum ) Labrador tea • fruit is a dry berry/capsule. polifolia - pale laurel 2 bog genera

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**Ericaceae - blueberry family **Ericaceae - blueberry family

V. macrocarpon Vaccinium myrtilloides cranberry Velvet-leaf blueberry

Blueberries and cranberries are inferior ovaried and berry fruited Chimaphila umbellata rotundifolia pipsissewa Round-leaved shinleaf Vaccinium angustifolium Former Pyrolaceae Lowbush blueberry

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**Ericaceae - blueberry family **Ericaceae - blueberry family

Hypopitys Monotropa uniflora (Monotropa hypopithys) Indian-pipe pinesap Moneses uniflora Pterospora andromedea One-flowered shinleaf Mycotrophs from the old Giant pinedrops family Monotropaceae Endangered Former Pyrolaceae

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* - primrose family *Primulaceae - primrose family Chiefly north temperate family of herbs; 20 genera and about 1000 Chiefly north temperate family of herbs; 20 genera and about 1000 species. In Wisconsin we have 5 genera and about 15 species. [Note: species. In Wisconsin we have 5 genera and about 15 species. [Note: Michigan Flora separates into Primulaceae + Myrsinaceae] Michigan Flora separates into Primulaceae + Myrsinaceae]

CA (5) CO (5) A 5 G (5) CA (5) CO (5) A 5 G (5)

5 merous, stamens attached unto petals, and Pistil is superior, unilocular, with free-central opposite the petals rather than the placentation, fruit a capsule

Primula (Dodecatheon) - shooting star - loosestrife (Dodecatheon) - shooting star 15 16

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*Primulaceae - primrose family *Primulaceae - primrose family

Pollen and stigmatic differences in thrum (L) and pin (R)

Primula meadii shooting star

Basal leaves

Primula - the classic study P. amethystinum organism for heterostyly by Western shooting star Darwin both formerly in Dodecatheon

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*Primulaceae - primrose family *Primulaceae - primrose family

Trientalis borealis (Lysimachia borealis) Starflower

Ubiquitous woodland herb with whorl of leaves

Flower is unusual with 7 merous Lysimachia ciliata perianth Fringed loosestrife

Opposite leaves Whorled leaves Lysimachia thyrsiflora Lysimachia nummularia Tufted loosestrife, Moneywort, Swamp candles Creeping Charlie

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*Sarraceniaceae - pitcher family *Sarraceniaceae - family Insectivorous family of 3 genera; 1 Insectivorous family of 3 genera; 1 species in Wisconsin. species in Wisconsin.

Pitfall trap (pitcher) from modified leaf; Pitfall trap (pitcher) from modified leaf; luring color, odor, downward projecting luring color, odor, downward projecting hairs, slippery slope, drowning pool, hairs, slippery slope, drowning pool, digesting enzymes digesting enzymes

All adaptations to live in nutrient (N) poor habitats; mainly in bogs, but also in fens, lake edges, swales of Great purpurea - - Lakes pitcher plant pitcher plant

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*Sarraceniaceae - pitcher plant family ** - phlox family

CA 5 CO 5 A ∞ G (5) CA (5) CO (5) A 5 G (3)

5 merous flowers, corolla tube with 5 5 merous ; unusual peltate stamens fused to inside of tube, often at stigma; flower structure ensures different heights; 3 fused carpels and 3 outcrossing by bees styles

Sarracenia purpurea - pitcher plant

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**Polemoniaceae - phlox family **Polemoniaceae - phlox family reptans - Jacob’s ladder Alternate leaved spring of woodlands and openings [great Botany 401 final exam species!]

Phlox divaricata - woodland phlox

2 genera in Wisconsin Phlox has opposite leaves

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**Polemoniaceae - phlox family * - jewelweed family Polemonium occidentale – western Small family of juicy-stemmed herbs polemonium with spurred sepals; we have two species Endangered species – Western Disjunct

Impatiens capensis - orange pallida - yellow jewelweed jewelweed

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*Balsaminaceae - jewelweed family *Balsaminaceae - jewelweed family

Fruit is explosive to the touch -

so also called touch-me-nots

Mature ripe capsule

Capsule sprun open

Jewelweed – iconic plants of the Driftless Region

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** - dogwood family **Cornaceae - dogwood family

CA 4 CO 4 A 4 G __ (2) • Opposite (except for one) leaved shrubs or subshrubs Congested 4-merous flowers often with 4 • Arcuate (arcing) venation Fruit a 1-seeded drupe

Cornus foemina var. racemosa - Gray dogwood

Cornus florida – flowering dogwood (not native) 31 32

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**Cornaceae - dogwood family **Cornaceae - dogwood family

Cornus sericea (= C. stolonifera) Red-osier

Common in wet places, distinctive with red stems

Cornus foemina var. racemosa - Gray dogwood

Common component of shrub carr

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**Cornaceae - dogwood family **Cornaceae - dogwood family

Cornus canadensis - bunch berry Low to ground circumboreal subshrub, appears to have a whorl Eastern North American small of leaves, and has 4 showy bracts tree with 4 conspicuous white below flowers bracts

Cornus florida - flowering dogwood

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