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Redalyc.Organismos Asociados a Hirimoyo (Annona Cherimola Mill.) En Michoacán, México

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Redalyc.Organismos Asociados a Hirimoyo (Annona Cherimola Mill.) En Michoacán, México Agrociencia ISSN: 1405-3195 [email protected] Colegio de Postgraduados México Nava Díaz, Cristian; Osada Kawasoe, Seiji; Rendón Sánchez, Gilberto; Ayala Escobar, Victoria Organismos asociados a Hirimoyo (Annona cherimola Mill.) en Michoacán, México Agrociencia, vol. 34, núm. 2, marzo / abril, 2000, pp. 217-226 Colegio de Postgraduados Texcoco, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=30234211 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto ORGANISMOS ASOCIADOS A CHIRIMOYO (Annona cherimola Mill.) EN MICHOACÁN, MÉXICO ORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH CHERIMOYA (Annona cherimola Mill.) IN MICHOACÁN, MÉXICO Cristian Nava-Díaz1, Seiji Osada-Kawasoe2, Gilberto Rendón-Sánchez3 y Victoria Ayala-Escobar2 1Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería y Desarrollo Rural. Guillermo Pérez Valenzuela 127. Col. Del Carmen. 04100, Coyoacán. México, D. F. ([email protected]). Especialidad de Postgrado en 2Fitopatología, IFIT; y en 3Estadística y Cómputo, ISEI. Colegio de Postgraduados. 56230, Monteci- llo, Edo. de México. ([email protected]) RESUMEN ABSTRACT La chirimoya tiene un gran potencial en el mercado internacio- Cherimoya has a great potential on the international market. Phar- nal; en sus hojas, tallos y semillas se han detectado compuestos maceutical, antimicrobial and insecticide compounds have been con aplicación farmacéutica, antimicrobial y para la elaboración found in leaves, stem and seeds of this species. Its field produc- de insecticidas. Sin embargo, su producción es limitada por diver- tion, however, is limited by several factors among which insects sos factores entre los que sobresalen los ocasionados por insectos y and fungi are the most important. The following insects associ- hongos. En el Edo. de Michoacán, durante 1995-1996, se registra- ated with this fruit tree were registered in the State of Michoacán, ron los siguientes insectos asociados a este frutal; en hojas: Gusa- México, during 1995-1996. On leaves: Hornworm, Cocytius no de cuerno, Cocytius antaeus Drury (Lepidopera: Sphingidae) y antaeus Drury (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) and a Leaf miner (Lepi- Minador (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae); en frutos: Picudo (Coleop- doptera: Lyonetiidae); in fruits: Snout beetle (Coleoptera: Cur- tera: Curculionidae) y Barrenador de semillas, Talponia batesi culionidae) and a Seed borer, Talponia batesi Heinrich (Lepi- Heinrich (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Se identificó una planta doptera: Tortricidae). One hemiparasitic plant, Psittacanthus sp. hemiparásita, Psittacanthus sp. (Santalales: Loranthaceae) sobre (Santalales: Loranthaceae) was identified on the branches. Fungi ramas. Respecto a hongos, en hojas: Mancha negra, Colletotrichum on leaves were Black spot, Colletotrichum gloeosporoiodes (Penz.) gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. (Melanconiales: Melanco- Penz. & Sacc. (Melanconiales: Melanconiaceae); Blight, Phoma niaceae), Tizón, Phoma sp. (Sphaeropsidales: Sphaeropsidaceae) sp. (Sphaeropsidales: Sphaeropsidaceae); and Fumagina, Stigmella y Fumagina, Stigmella sp. (Moniliales: Dematiaceae); en ramas: sp. (Moniliales: Dematiaceae); on branches: Canker, Nectria sp. Cancro, Nectria sp. (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae) Anamorfo: Fusa- (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae) Anamorf: Fusarium sp. (Moniliales: rium sp. (Moniliales: Moniliaceae), y asociado a escamas (Insecta: Moniliaceae) and, associated with scales (Insecta: Homoptera): Homoptera): Costra negra, Myriangium floridanum Höhnel Black scab, Myriangium floridanum Höhnel (Myriangiales: (Myriangiales: Myriangiaceae). Myriangiaceae). Palabras clave: Hongos, insectos, planta hemiparásita. Key words: Fungi, insects, hemiparasitic plant. INTRODUCCIÓN INTRODUCTION a fruta de chirimoyo (Annona cherimola Mill.) se herimoya fruit (Annona cherimola Mill.) is con- utiliza para consumo en fresco, aunque puede ser sumed fresh, although it may be fermented to Lfermentada para obtener bebidas alcohólicas. En Cobtain alcoholic drinks. In leaves, stems, bark, hojas, tallos, corteza y semillas se han detectado com- and seeds, cytotoxic compounds and alkaloids have been puestos citotóxicos y alcaloides con uso farmacéutico y detected that have pharmaceutical and anti-microbial antimicrobial, además de sus valiosas propiedades insec- uses, besides its valuable insecticide properties (Morton, ticidas (Morton, 1987; Simeon et al., 1990; Cortes et al., 1987; Simeon et al., 1990; Cortes et al., 1993). 1993). Recently, this fruit tree has become important in the Recientemente este frutal ha cobrado importancia en US (Bekey, 1989), Chile (Lizana, 1976), and Spain EE.UU. (Bekey, 1989), Chile (Lizana, 1976) y España (Nagys et al., 1990). Today, in México, it is cultivated on (Nagys et al., 1990). En México actualmente se cultiva 518 ha with a production of 1744 tons. The principal pro- en 518 ha con una producción de 1744 toneladas; los ducer states are, in order of importance, Campeche, Mi- choacán, San Luis Potosí, Jalisco, Oaxaca, Puebla, and Recibido: Septiembre, 1997. Aprobado: Octubre, 1999. México. In Michoacán 79 ha are cultivated, producing Publicado como ARTÍCULO en Agrociencia 34: 217-226. 2000. 101 tons (Anonymous 1985, 1993). 217 218 AGROCIENCIA VOLUMEN 34, NÚMERO 2, MARZO-ABRIL 2000 principales Estados productores, en orden de importan- The cherimoya and other members of the Annonaceae cia son: Campeche, Michoacán, San Luis Potosí, Jalis- family are affected by diverse organisms. Worldwide, 106 co, Oaxaca, Puebla y México. En Michoacán se siem- insects, 91 fungi, 5 nematodes, 2 bacteria and one virus bran 79 ha con una producción de 101 toneladas (Anó- have been recorded (Nava, 1997). At present, production nimo, 1985, 1993). in the state of Michoacán is affected by diverse parasites, El chirimoyo y otros miembros de la familia Annona- outstanding among these are insects and fungi, which can ceae son afectados por diversos organismos; en el mun- cause total losses. Additional to this problem, in México do se han registrado 106 insectos, 91 hongos, 5 nemato- there are few studies on pests (Anonymous, 1930; García, dos, 2 bacterias y un virus (Nava, 1997). Actualmente la 1981; Bravo et al., 1988; Castañeda et al., 1995) and dis- producción en el Edo. de Michoacán es afectada por di- eases (García, 1976; Valdés, 1989) that can identify them versos problemas parasitológicos, entre los que sobresa- with certainty. Thus, the objective of this study was to len los causados por insectos y hongos que pueden oca- identify parasitological problems of cherimoya in the state sionar pérdidas totales. Aunado a esto, en México exis- of Michoacán. ten pocos estudios tanto de plagas (Anónimo, 1930; García, 1981; Bravo et al., 1988; Castañeda et al., 1995) MATERIALS AND METHODS como de enfermedades (García, 1976; Valdés, 1989) que indiquen con certeza su identidad, por lo que el objetivo Four cherimoya producing locations in the state of Michoacán de la presente investigación fue identificar los problemas were visited within a lapse of 557 days beginning on February 9, parasitológicos del chirimoyo, en el Edo. de Michoacán. 1995, and twelve more with intervals of approximately 30 days be- tween July, 1995, and August, 1996. These locations were Chilchota MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS (19o 51’ 45” N, 102o 08’ 15” W: 1570 m altitude), Tancítaro (19o 16’ 06” N, 102o 15’ 48” W: 1875 m), Tingambato (19o 29’ 54” N, 101o Cuatro localidades productoras de chirimoya en el Edo. de 46’ 54” W: 2084 m), and Peribán (19o 32’ 30” N, 102o 27’ 24” W: Michoacán: Chilchota (19o 51’ 45” N, 102o 08’ 15” O: 1570 m de 1542 m). In each of the plantations and at each visit, systematic altitud), Tancítaro (19o 16’ 06” N, 102o 15’ 48” O: 1875 m), Tingambato sampling was done in “W” (Cochran, 1980) (k = 15 trees) with a (19o 29’ 54” N, 101o 46’ 54” O: 2084 m) y Peribán (19o 32’ 30” N, non-random initiation. A total of 349 trees and 6788 leaves were 102o 27’ 24” O: 1542 m) se visitaron en un lapso de 557 días con un evaluated. recorrido inicial el 9 de febrero de 1995, y doce más a intervalos de The incidence of the organisms was obtained on the basis of the aproximadamente treinta días, comprendidos entre julio de 1995 y criteria of Campbell and Maden (1990); values of 0 (absent) and 1 agosto de 1996. En cada una de las plantaciones y en cada visita se (present) were assigned to each tree in order to calculate the number aplicó un muestreo sistemático en “W” (Cochran, 1980) (k = 15 árbo- and the percentage of trees evaluated on which the organism was les) con iniciación no aleatoria. En total se evaluaron un total de 349 present. Severity of the diseases was evaluated on the basis of percent- árboles y 6788 hojas. age of damaged leaf area, with a sample of approximately 20 leaves La incidencia de los organismos se obtuvo con base en los crite- taken from the tree at its four cardinal points. rios de Campbell y Maden (1990), asignando valores de 0 = Ausencia During the visits, the insects found attacking the crop were col- y 1 = Presencia, a cada árbol, para después calcular el número de lected with a net and preserved in 70 % alcohol. Identification was árboles con presencia del organismo, en relación con el número de done using keys and descriptions by Hodges (1971), Dillon and Dillon árboles evaluados, expresado en porcentaje; la severidad de las enfer- (1972), Stehr (1987), Domínguez
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