inform
February 2011 www.aocs.org Volume 22 (2) 61–120
International News on Fats, Oils, and Related Materials
Montreux keynote address from Unilever’s Paul Polman
ALSO INSIDE Preview of the 102nd AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo Price forecasting for palm and lauric oils Foam control for fabric softeners C2 inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) www.aocs.org
February 2011 Volume 22 (2) 61–120
Departments 66 Is there a New Normal? and Information Mapping future strategies for 62 Index to Advertisers Calendar our industry In our continuing coverage of the 7th World Conference on Detergents, we present an article based on the keynote presentation Marketplace: delivered by Paul Polman, chief executive offi cer of Anglo-Dutch 75 News & Noteworthy consumer products giant Unilever. 81 Biofuels News 68 Preview: 102nd AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo 85 Health & Nutrition News What can attendees of the 102nd AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo (AM&E) expect to fi nd in Cincinnati? 87 Biotechnology News 90 Surfactants, Detergents, 72 102nd AOCS AM&E Technical Program-at-a-Glance & Personal Care News Euro Fed Lipid Meeting Report 93 People News/Inside AOCS 79 A wrap-up of the 8th Euro Fed Lipid Congress, entitled “Oils, Fats and Lipids: Health & Nutrition, Chemistry & Energy,” held November 21–24, In Memoriam 2010, in Munich, Germany.
Short- and long-term price forecasting for palm and Publications: 107 lauric oils 95 Book Review Dorab E. Mistry presents excerpts from a talk he delivered at the 6th Indonesian Palm Oil Conference (IPOC) & 2011 Price Outlook, 96 Patents organized by the Indonesian Palm Oil Association (GAPKI) and held 100 Extracts & Distillates December 1–3, 2010, at the Westin Resort Nusa Dua, Bali. Foam control for single-rinse fabric conditioners in 112 Latin America Laurence Gallez examines the role of antifoams in reducing the number of rinse cycles in laundry applications.
Health Ingredients Europe 2010 115 Willem van Nieuwenhuyzen reports on the biennial Health Ingredients Europe (HiE) exhibition and conference, held November 16–18, 2010, in Madrid, Spain.
AOCS Mission Statement To be a global forum to promote the exchange of ideas, information, and experience, to enhance personal excel- lence, and to provide high standards of quality among those with a professional interest in the science and tech- nology of fats, oils, surfactants, and related materials. inform • International News on Fats, Oils, and Related Materials ISSN: 0897-8026 IFRMEC 22 (2) 61–120 62 inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) Contributing Editors: Rajiv Arora Keshun Liu Bold type: new listing W.E. Artz Mark Messina For details on these and other upcoming Scott Bloomer Robert Moreau Calendar meetings, visit www.aocs.org/meetings. Eduardo Dubinsky D.J. Murphy Walter E. Farr Willem van March 13–18, 2011. 15th Annual Practical Anu Hopia Nieuwenhuyzen March Short Course on Snack Foods Processing, Y.-S. (Vic) Huang Brent Sørensen College Station, Texas, USA. Information: March 1–4, 2011. DEUEL Conference on S.P. Kochhar T. Thiagarajan http://foodprotein.tamu.edu/extrusion/ Lipids, Silverado Resort, Napa, California, Gary List ShortCourses/snack/scsnackfood.php. USA. Information: www.deuelconference. org. March 14–15, 2011. BioWise 2011: Biofuels Editorial Advisory Board: from Lab to Finance, The Crowne Plaza Michael Eskin Hans Nieuwenhuis March 1–6, 2011. Biofuels, Swissotel The Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Informa- Michael Haas Fereidoon Shahidi Stamford, Singapore. Information: www. tion: www.greenworldconferences.com. Arnis Kuksis Bernard Szuhaj keystonesymposia.org/meetings/view- Robert Moreau Meetings.cfm?MeetingID=1125. March 14–16, 2011. BioPro Expo and Mar- ketplace Conference/International Bio- March 3–4, 2011. Global Summit on Nutri- AOCS Officers: energy and Bioproducts Conference, tion, Health and Human Behaviour: LC- President: J. Keith Grime, JKG Consulting, Atlanta Hilton, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Omega-3 for a Better World, Kempinski Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Information: www.bioproexpo.org. Hotel Duke’s Palace, Bruges, Belgium. Infor- Vice President: Erich E. Dumelin, Zurich, mation: www.omega3summit.org. Switzerland March 14–16, 2011. Food Extrusion Short Secretary: Sevim Z. Erhan, US Department Course, Courtyard by Marriott, Oldsmar/ March 9–10, 2011. Soyfoods 2011: of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Tampa, Florida, USA. Information: www. Plant Proteins & Oils for Better Nutri- Service, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, USA aaccnet.org/continuingeducation/2011 tion, Sheraton Park Hotel at the Resort, Treasurer: Timothy Kemper, Desmet FoodExtrusion.asp. Anaheim, California, USA. Information: Ballestra North America, Inc., Marietta, www.soyatech.com/sponsor.php?id=. March 14–16, 2011. DALM (Drugs Affect- Georgia, USA ing Lipid Metabolism) XVII: Diabetes, Executive Vice President: Jean Wills Hinton, March 13–15, 2011. NIOP [National Institute Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome, Doha, AOCS, Urbana, Illinois, USA of Oilseed Products] Annual Convention, Qatar. Information: www.dalm2011qa- Camelback Inn, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA. tar.org/index.html. AOCS Staff: Information: [email protected]; Area Manager, www.oilseed.org. March 15–17, 2011. 8th International Con- Publications: Jack Wolowiec ference Functional Foods for Chronic Dis- Managing Editor: Jeremy Coulter March 13–17, 2011. NACE Corrosion 2011 eases: Science and Practice, University of Associate Editor: Catherine Watkins Conference & Expo, George R. Brown Con- Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. Informa- Technical vention Center, Houston, Texas, USA. Infor- tion: www.functionalfoodscenter.net/Con- Projects Editor: Marguerite Torrey mation: http://events.nace.org/conferences/ ference_2011.html. Design & Layout: Gretchen Wieshuber c2011/c2011index.asp. March 20–22, 2011. 4th Workshop on Fats March 13–18, 2011. Pittcon 2011, Georgia and Oils as Renewable Feedstock for the World Congress Center, Atlanta, Georgia, Chemical Industry, Karlsruhe Institute of USA. Information: www.pittcon.org/ Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany. Informa- about. tion: www.abiosus.org/kit-workshop-2011. html.
March 21–24, 2011. Food Integrity and Index to advertisers Traceability Conference, Queen’s Univer- sity Belfast, Northern Ireland. Informa- tion: www.qub.ac.uk/asset2011. Armstrong Engineering Assoc...... 79 Desmet Ballestra Group NV...... C2 Buhler, Inc...... 70 John Wiley & Sons ...... 78 March 22–24, 2011. World Biofuels Markets, Beurs–World Trade Center, Rotterdam, Neth- *Crown Iron Works Company ...... 83 Sharplex Filters (India) PVT. LTD...... 65 erlands. Information: http://greenpower. msgfocus.com/q/1NeTXkWKWk1ab2/wv.
*Corporate member of AOCS who supports the Society through corporate membership dues. March 23–24, 2011. Wellness 11, InterConti- nental Chicago O’Hare, Rosemont, Illinois, inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) 63
AOCS Meeting Watch
April 30, 2011. Basics of Edible Oil Process- June 19, 2011. Edible Oil Refi nery and Opti- 2710 South Boulder Drive ing and Refining—AOCS Short Course, mization and Maintenance Short Course, P.O. Box 17190 Hyatt Regency Hotel, Cincinnati, Ohio, Hilton Hotel, İzmir, Turkey. Information: Urbana, IL 61803-7190 USA Phone: +1 217-359-2344 USA. Information: email: meetings@aocs. email: [email protected]; www.aocs.org/ Fax: +1 217-351-8091 org; http://annualmeeting.aocs.org/index. goto/Turkey2011. Email: [email protected] cfm. June 19–21, 2011. Oils and Fats Advertising Instructions and Deadlines: April 30–May 1, 2011. Functionality of World Market Update 2011, Closing date is approximately the fi rst of the month Lipids in Foods—AOCS Short Course, Hyatt İzmir Hilton, İzmir, Turkey. Infor- preceding date of issue. Insertion orders received after mation: www.aocs.org/goto/ closing will be subject to acceptance at advertiser’s Regency Hotel, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Infor- risk. No cancellations accepted after closing date. Ad mation: email: [email protected]; http:// WorldMarket. materials must be in fi nal form for press upon mate- annualmeeting.aocs.org/index.cfm. rials’ closing date. Materials received after deadline June 21–23, 2011. World Con- or requiring changes will be published at advertisers’ May 1, 2011. New Technologies in Oilseed ference on Oilseed Processing, risk. Send insertion orders and mechanical materials to Extraction and Edible Oil Refi ning—AOCS Fats & Oils Processing, Biofuels & advertising offi ces at the address listed above. NOTE: AOCS reserves the right to reject advertising Short Course, Hyatt Regency Hotel, Cincin- Applications, İzmir Hilton, İzmir, Turkey. Information: www.aocs.org/goto/ copy that in its opinion is unethical, misleading, unfair, nati, Ohio, USA. Information: email: meet- or otherwise inappropriate or incompatible with the [email protected]; http://annualmeeting.aocs. Turkey2011. character of inform. Advertisers and advertising agen- org/index.cfm. cies assume liability for all content (including text, September 16–18, 2011. 10th Phospholipid representation, and illustrations) of advertisements Congress of The International Lecithin and May 1–4, 2011. 102nd AOCS printed and also assume responsibility for any claims Phospholipid Society (ILPS): Phospholip- arising therefrom made against the publisher. Annual Meeting & Expo, Duke ids—Sources, Processing and Application, Energy Convention Center, Cin- Congress Centre “De Doelen,” Rotterdam, AOCS Advertising: Jeff Nail cinnati, Ohio, USA. Information: Phone: +1 301-215-6710 ext.107 the Netherlands. Information: e-mail: ilps@ phone: +1 217-359-2344; fax: +1 217-351- Fax: +1 301-215-7704 lecipro.nl; www.ilps.org/10th%20Congress. Email: [email protected] 8091; email: [email protected]; http:// htm. annualmeeting.aocs.org/index.cfm. Formerly published as Chemists’ Section, Cotton Oil October 10–13, 2011. World Congress on Press, 1917–1924; Journal of the Oil and Fat Industries, June 18, 2011. Sensory Evaluation of Olive Oleo Science and 29th ISF Congress—JOCS/ 1924–1931; Oil & Soap, 1932–1947; news portion of Oil Short Course, Hilton Hotel, İzmir, Turkey. AOCS/KOCS/ISF/ISBB Joint Meeting, Tower JAOCS, 1948–1989. The American Oil Chemists’ Society Information: email: [email protected]; assumes no responsibility for statements or opinions Hall Funabori, Tokyo, Japan. Information: of contributors to its columns. www.aocs.org/goto/Turkey2011. www2.convention.co.jp/wcos2011. inform (ISSN: 0897-8026) is published 10 times per year in January, February, March, April, May, June, July/ June 18–19, 2011. Basics of Oilseed Pro- October 19–21, 2011. 14th Latin American August, September, October, November/December cessing Short Course, Hilton Hotel, İzmir, Congress on Fats and Oils, Hotel Cartagena, by AOCS Press, 2710 South Boulder Drive, Urbana, IL Turkey. Information: email: meetings@aocs. Cartagena, Colombia. Information: email: 61802-6996 USA . Phone: +1 217-359-2344. Periodi- org; www.aocs.org/goto/Turkey2011. [email protected]. cals Postage paid at Urbana, IL, and additional mailing offi ces. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to inform, P.O. Box 17190, Urbana, IL 61803-7190 USA. For in-depth details on these and other upcoming meetings, visit Subscriptions to inform for members of the Ameri- can Oil Chemists’ Society are included in the annual www.aocs.org/meetings. dues. An individual subscription to inform is $180. Outside the U.S., add $30 for surface mail, or add $115 for air mail. Institutional subscriptions to the Journal of USA. Information: www.ift.org/meetings- nesburg, South Africa. Information: www. the American Oil Chemists’ Society and inform combined and-events/wellness.aspx. terrapinn.com/2011/bioenergyza. are now being handled by Springer Verlag. Price list information is available at www.springer.com/pricelist. Claims for copies lost in the mail must be received March 27–29, 2011. Congress on Steroid March 31, 2011. Allergen-Free Foods within 30 days (90 days outside the U.S.) of the date of Research, Westin Chicago River North Hotel, 2011: Formulation and Labelling for the issue. Notice of change of address must be received two Chicago, Illinois, USA. Information: www. weeks before the date of issue. For subscription inqui- Future, Royal Garden Hotel, London, ries, please contact Doreen Berning at AOCS, doreenb@ steroidresearchcongress.com. England. Information: www.fn-aller- aocs.org or phone +1 217-693-4813. AOCS member- genfree.com. ship information and applications can be obtained March 27–31, 2011. 241st American Chemi- from: AOCS, P.O. Box 17190, Urbana, IL 61803-7190 cal Society Meeting, Anaheim, California, USA or membership@ aocs.org. March 31–April 1, 2011. Practical Short Notice to copiers: Authorization to photocopy items USA. Information: www.acs.org. Course: Algae Harvesting and Pro- for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specifi c clients, is granted by the American Oil March 28–30, 2011. Journé es Chevreul cessing for Value Added Applications, Chemists’ Society for libraries and other users reg- 2011 “Lipids & Brain,” Paris, France. Brussels, Belgium. Information: http:// istered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) home.scarlet.be/~tpm12374/smartshort- Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the Information: www.afecg.org. base fee of $15.00 and a page charge of $0.50 per courses/algae1. copy are paid directly to CCC, 21 Congress St., Salem, March 30–31, 2011. BioEnergy World Africa MA 01970 USA. 2011, Sandton Convention Centre, Johan- continued on page 65 Call for Papers and Posters The organizing committee is welcoming abstract submissions for oral and poster presentations. The technical program will feature invited presentations by leading experts as well as volunteer oral and poster presentations.
-;~~ Simultaneous translation for Spanish/English will be provided for all oral presentations. ·~- Deadlines April 1, 2011 Abstracts submitted prior to this date will be published in the registration brochure May 16, 2011 Abstract submissions close
Exhibition Book your stand early and save! Stand rental fees increase on May 1, 2011.
Organized by LA-AOCS Latin American Section of AOCS inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) 65
April May April 5–6, 2011. Global Algae Biodiesel May 1, 2011. New Technologies in Oilseed World India 2011, Jaipur, India. Infor- Extraction and Edible Oil Refining— mation: phone: +91 9413343550 or +91 AOCS Short Course, Hyatt Regency 9829423333; e-mail: info@biodiese- Hotel, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Informa- lacademy.com or jatrophatraining@ tion: email: [email protected]; http:// gmail.com; http://biodieselacademy. annualmeeting.aocs.org/index.cfm. com/course-details.php?cid=24. May 1–4, 2011. 102nd April 10–12, 2011. 15th International Con- AOCS Annual Meeting ference on Hydrocolloids, Hyatt Regency & Expo, Duke Energy Mission Bay, San Diego, California, USA. Convention Center, Information: phone: +1 858-451-6080; Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. email: [email protected]. Information: phone: +1 217-359-2344; fax: +1 217-351-8091; April 10–13, 2011. 2nd Latino-American ICC email: [email protected]; http://annu- [International Association for Cereal Science almeeting.aocs.org/index.cfm. and Technology] Conference, W Hotel, San- tiago, Chile. Information: www.lacerealcon- May 2–3, 2011. LIPID MAPS Meeting 2011: ference.com. Lipidomics Impact on Systems Biology, Cancer, and Metabolic Disease, La Jolla, April 12–13, 2011. OFI Middle East 2011, Inter- California, USA. Information: www.lipid- Continental Citystars, Cairo, Egypt. Informa- maps.org/meetings/2011annual. tion: email: [email protected]; www.oilsandfatsinternational.com. May 2–5, 2011. 4th International Biomass Conference & Expo, America’s Center, St. April 13–14, 2011. REACH USA 2011, Louis, Missouri, USA. Information: www. Holiday Inn Atlanta Capitol Conference biomassconference.com. Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Informa- tion: www.ismithers.net/conferences/ May 15–19, 2011. STLE [Society of Tribolo- XRUS11/reach-usa-2011. gists and Lubrication Engineers] Annual Meeting and Exhibition, Atlanta Hilton, April 19–21, 2011. Advanced Biofuels Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Information: www. Leadership Conference, Capital Hilton, stle.org. Washington, DC, USA. Information: http://advancedbiofuelssummit.com. May 15–20, 2011. Lipid Biology and Lipo- toxicity, INEC-Ireland’s National Events & April 25–29, 2011. World Congress of Bio- Conference Centre, Killarney, Co. Kerry, energy, World Expo Center, Dalian, China. Ireland. Information: www.keystone- Information: www.bitlifesciences.com/ symposia.org/Meetings/ViewMeetings. wcbe2011. cfm?MeetingID =1113.
April 30, 2011. Basics of Edible Oil Pro- May 17–19, 2011. BIT’s 2nd Annual World cessing and Refining—AOCS Short Congress of Well Stimulation and EOR, Course, Hyatt Regency Hotel, Cincinnati, Chongqing University of Science and Tech- Ohio, USA. Information: email: meet- nology, Chongqing, China. Information: [email protected]; http://annualmeeting. www.bitpetrobio.com/wseor2011. aocs.org/index.cfm. May 20–21, 2011. Symposium: Vitamin April 30–May 1, 2011. Functionality of D and Analogs in Cancer Prevention and Lipids in Foods—AOCS Short Course, Therapy, Schlossberg Hotel, Homburg, Hyatt Regency Hotel, Cincinnati, Ohio, Germany. Information: http://tinyurl. USA. Information: email: meetings@ com/Vit-D-cancer. aocs.org; http://annualmeeting.aocs. org/index.cfm. continued on page 94 66 February 2011 inform global map: and “West,” “East” “North” and “South.” new a on havepoints trendsareimpact,I as globalin out them set conference—“Defi this of theme the Future.” ning Becausethese touch even more people. Thrise give to ey many new trends. changes of today are just as enormous in their own way—and they Wall.theBerlin But the of fall the image—forexample,iconic times! dynamicless in live towant not do I know I them.understand who those change—that for positive is, hugepotentialfor offer for ageneration. Change happening is at an unprecedented rate. business and economic trends are the most challenging been they’ve about where we start from. We are meeting at a critical time. Global roles play we can all inshaping thefuture. Global Economy,” this conference is an ideal place to discuss the key ference on Detergents. With a title of “New Strategies in a Dynamic ence, and a toprivilege be a keynote speaker at the 7th World Con- Ladies and gentlemen: Global Dynamic Strategiesa Editor’s note:Subtitledin “New Polman Paul sumer products giant. sumer products Economy,” the 7th World Conference on Detergents, held in •To “North,”emergethe Newthatwill OrderEconomicthe To • the “West,” the Wireless World of increasing digitalization— To• the “East,” the biggest, expanding fast-growing, markets of address. Polman is CEO of Unilever, the Anglo-Dutch con- Unilever, of CEOAnglo-Dutch is Polman the address. from thefi nancial challenges ofthe last few years. and thereshaping oftraditional interfaces and relationships. China) countries. the world ... most notably the BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and Today, I want to focus on four that, I believe, are central to the Not all the changes around us can be characterized by a single Thus. inspire should things these But face all e challenges we however,future, the toget we let’sBefore now right clear be It’s a pleasure to be here so with many familiar faces in the audi- Montreux, Montreux, Switzerland, in 2010October brought together of of the event, Unilever’s Paul Polman presents his keynote nearly 900 participants nearly from participants 900 almost 60 countries. The for the conference.the In for heads of the three largest detergents companies— Is there aNew Normal? presentations. Having all three speak was a fia was speak three presentations.all Having rst Unilever, Henkel, and P&G—provided keynote Unilever,P&G—provided and Henkel, continuing coverage coverage continuing inform’s Mapping future strategies strategies future Mapping in this. us—directly and indirectly? strategies.Newand Normal Howimpactthinkingthis newdoes mistake.Th a that New requiresAnd Normal a New is Normal. is get used to it as “normal.” But, make no day. every We to starting are rything, changing theway theworld works. Innet, on. so powerandbases, ships, changing habits, expectations, relation- way,world—reshapingthe radically countries in which we operate.countries in which employees, Unilever is gaining share and volume in most of the 170 Today, evancetrust. and wonderful 163,000 of work tothe thanks keepconsumerrel-to quickly models business and portfolio its 1930s, Unilever was well-prepared for the downturn. It has adapted the fast-growing emerging markets. enjoys leading portfolio in marketthe of especially 80% positions, year,eurosa and billion a thanhavemorenow brands of turnover ourhour. dozenof A every products our useconsumers million depth ofconsumer penetration. using our products. No other company can match that breadth and day—overa fi times billion two where, areconsumers billion ve Today, they touch and positively impact the lives of someone, some- part of life for many people in all the countries in which we operate. I oft en say, we are the real economy, needed more now than ever. ucts make people feel good, look good, and get more out of life. As prod-Unileverstronglybelievethatour Atwe world. the around how andwidely frequently our touchesindustry the lives of people detergents—Iin it haveGoods)—muchsumerfiseenof rsthand proud ofit. Th e simple is, Ifact am passionate … and I am industry about this Unilever • And to the “South,”the •urgentto the And Before attBefore stake declare answer, should own empting to my I eve- in felt resultsbeingareThe own its in forcesis, these of Each bold move toward Sustainability. byunderpinned a totally new and is ensuretothateverything need As a As company born at the height of the Great Depression of the Th e staggering. numbers are example—14 Laundry, Take for thatUnilevereverydayfactarean thebrands in pride take I (FastFMCGcareer in whole Con-HavingmyMovingspent for our industry our for February 2011 inform 67 119
page
on
ation ation SD&PC Th e New Asian Hemi- New e Asian Th continued inform Those who were unable to attend Montreux may 2010 two-DVDa pre-purchaseof set conference.sentationsthefrom The DVDs include video syn- PowerPoint the chronizedwith presentations of the three CEOs of Henkel, P&G, and Unilever. syn-audio features also setThe talks PowerPoint withchronized pre-other the of number a from senters. The list price is $195 (AOCS member price: $175). Visit www.aocs.org/store for more information. ■ Th e Irresistible Irresistible e , although it is Th the the subtitle essence— of captures the really book that Th e newrevolution isaboutand processes outputs—but it is alsoabout socie- people, Th e willand creation most of two wealth theconsumers billion come from incremental Th fius. inspire enormous and they should are gures e Th 80% in of growthD&E our countries ismajor where for we Unilever: already Certainly, have We needed. proximityis local and enough not is ciencyalone effi global succeed, To adjust and markets these in investment accelerate to will have manufacturers and Suppliers If you haven’t already, I urge you to read Kishore Mahbubani’s book book Mahbubani’s Kishore read to you urge I already, haven’t you If Investing for Investing the future is also key. But, of as course, advertisements for while So, it is right be to of proud that sphere isIndustrial new Revolution is transforming theworld in . East the to Th Power Global of Shift inEurope the 19th Western didrevolution rst industrial in just as as fundamental the a fi way century. world. of the base power ing the rapidly shift ties, and Group’s Consulting Boston e Th change. this accelerates Urbanization economies. emerging the “Winning Cities” report in (published Emerging-Market 2010) thisSeptember covers well: 2.6 billionone-third of the live total world people cities—that’s already in emerging-market 2030 By population. this will billion 3.9 to billion.increase will Two be middle class—that’s ey willaccount for over 30% oftotal globalcon- private more than in Th markets. developed 2015. by sumption of many see and out look I as And positioned. well are we business—so our of 50% over have this will that I know opportunity be a major in the audience, too. suppliers for you our key this in er bett them address to how and needs, consumer trends, understand to together work to and toR&D sourcing ing our as wellcommitment as people, part shift of the means world. It quality. and talent, models accordingly. organizational Let me start in the “East” with Expanding Markets. Th e term sounds unconditionally good— unconditionally sounds term e Th Markets. withExpanding“East” the in start me Let that clear be to have we But rise. standards living and grow markets see to want all We is. it and a —and therefore what we are talking about here is not just expansion, but a shift paradigm from theaway ofeconomicstrongholds traditional the the world, toward and of power, shift countries. (D&E) & Emerging Developing Expanding Markets: GrowthThe D&E of That’s why That’s we have stepped up R&D as investment, development] and [research also well focus as on advertising. main- We and status employer are taining preferred as recognized trusted citizens. corporate of “Company Community’s the in Business 12 for leader UK,sector the and in Year” the Sustainabil- Jones Dow the in running years others— by unmatched record Index—a ity signatories Asfounding this. of examples are we Compact, Global Nations United the of future. er long-term in a bett believe financial services continually remind us, future of guarantee no is performance “Past success.” it heritage, is critical that we focus on what the world needs and tomorrow into the my senior us, encouraged I have future. Th world, new the recognize to simply not team sense renewed witha do everything we challenge to it—and embrace to but Normal, New the of the map? the four points at see do we what mission. So and of rigor 68 inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) Preview: 102nd AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo
The 102nd AOCS Annual Meeting & Also new this year: two dedicated poster- the AM&E. A committee meeting schedule viewing sessions, which is one more than in will be available at http://AnnualMeeting. Expo (AM&E) will be held May 1–4, previous years. The sessions will run from aocs.org. 2011, in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, with 4:00–5:30 p.m. on Monday, May 2, and from more than 1,600 participants expected 5:00–6:30 p.m. on Tuesday, May 3. Optional Tour from 60+ countries. New to AOCS and Following the Agricultural Microscopy sci- The program will include approximately the AM&E? entific session on Wednesday morning, a 650 lecture and poster presentations in 12 behind-the-scenes tour of the world-famous interest areas. In addition, hot topic symposia If you are new to AOCS and/or the AM&E, Cincinnati Zoo designed especially for those covering a variety of issues of general interest start making connections first thing by interested in ag microscopy will complement to attendees are scheduled for the morning of attending the newcomer networking hour on the morning’s presentations. One-way trans- Tuesday, May 3, 2011. General chairperson Sunday, May 1, from 4:00 p.m.–5:00 p.m. in portation and a one-day zoo pass are included for the meeting is W. Warren Schmidt, a con- the Expo Hall. There, newcomers will speed in the discounted ticket price for this tour. sulting chemist and longtime AOCS member network (à la speed dating) with fellow busi- Check the Optional Tour page in the reg- based in Cincinnati. ness leaders, entrepreneurs, and motivated istration brochure or the website for more The Expo will feature more than 80 individuals. information. exhibiting companies as well as a number of Another new event will be the new- networking events. This is the place to visit comer networking breakfast on Monday, Division and Section May 2, from 7:00–8:00 a.m. in the Expo to find out about the latest in equipment, Functions information, and services for the fats and Hall. Stop by for a continental breakfast and oils industries. The Expo Hall will be open to connect with veteran attendees who can Attendees are welcome to participate in all 5:30 p.m.–7:30 p.m., Sunday, May 1; 11:30 help you navigate the conference. Newbies open division or section events, including a.m.–5:30 p.m., Monday, May 2; and 11:30 need to identify themselves as such using the roundtable discussions and social events. For a.m.–6:30 p.m., Tuesday, May 3. check-off box on the registration form; if you a better understanding of the divisions and did not do so and are qualified to attend the sections, visit www.aocs.org/membership. New This Year: newcomer events, please contact the meeting In the run-up to the meeting, the AOCS registrar, Jamie Lourash (phone: +1 217-693- Focus on Foci divisions and sections are busy putting 4823; email: [email protected]). together their luncheon and dinner programs. Navigating the AM&E can be a challenge, (Luncheon events will take place at the con- given the number of presentations. This year, Committee Meetings vention center; dinner events will take place a new tool will be available to attendees. In Build your CV by sharing your experience, at the Hilton Cincinnati Netherland Plaza.) addition to the traditional session grid, which knowledge, and expertise at any of the open For the latest information on speakers, see is printed on pages 72–73 of this issue and AOCS committee meetings held throughout the meeting website. is organized by the 12 interest areas of the AOCS divisional structure, a new grid has been developed. This grid organizes sessions by the following focus areas: analysis, enzyme 102nd AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo at a glance and chemical reactions, formulation, health, May 1–4, 2011 nonfood uses, nutrition, process and man- Duke Energy Convention Center ufacturing, safety, structure/function, and Cincinnati, Ohio, USA sustainability. To custom-plan your meeting experi- The latest meeting information is available at ence, look for these two program grids in http://AnnualMeeting.aocs.org. both the registration and program brochures. Questions? Contact the AOCS Meetings Depart- The new breakdown by focus areas will be ment (phone: +1 217-693-4821 or email: meetings@ included there along with the traditional aocs.org). session grid and will also be available on the AM&E website. inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) 69
If you have attended an AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo before, you know that the silent auction adds atmosphere and intrigue to the Expo Hall. The auction is a joint project of the AOCS Student Common Interest Group and the AOCS Foundation. This year, the 16th Annual Silent Auction will begin at 5:30 p.m. during the opening mixer on Sunday, May 1, 2011. For more information about how to donate an item for auction, contact AOCS Foundation Devel- opment Manager Amy Lydic at [email protected].
In the meantime, we can confirm that Workshop the speaker for the Processing Division lun- cheon on Tuesday, May 3, will be Manuel Update on US Regulatory Issues Affecting the G. Venegas, associate director, Research and Food Industry Development, P&G Chemicals. The title of Sunday, May 1, 2:00–5:00 p.m. his talk is “Processing of Sustainable Surfac- Organized by the USA Section of the tants—A Formulator’s Perspective.” AOCS; free for AM&E attendees. The Edible Applications Technology This workshop will focus on US regu- and Phospholipid Divisions will hear a pre- latory updates for those involved in the fats sentation from former AOCS President and oils industries, including suppliers and James Daun, who is the recipient of the 2011 end-user manufacturers. Speakers and a panel Alton E. Bailey Award, at their joint dinner on discussion will address a variety of topics, Monday, May 2. The USA Section will host including: the winner of that section’s Hans Kaunitz • Nutritional labeling of fats and oils, Award at its luncheon meeting on Tuesday, • Fats and oils terminology in the list of May 3. ingredients on food labels, Also on May 3—the Biotechnology • GRAS (Generally Recognized as Division dinner. There, attendees will hear Safe) safety expectations—are they Phillip R. Green, a principal scientist with changing? The Procter & Gamble Co., talking about • Allergen labeling, “White Biotechnology: Its Promise and • Sanitary Food Transportation Act of Challenges for Development of a Sustain- 2005 (which the US Food and Drug able Chemical Industry.” Administration [FDA] is in the process In addition, newly elected division of implementing), and chairpersons, vice chairpersons, and secre- • The FDA’s Reportable Food Registry. tary-treasurers will benefit from role-spe- cific leadership orientation sessions on the Common Interest Groups morning of Sunday, May 1. Common interest groups provide a forum for AOCS is grateful for corporate support persons with similar pursuits to share ideas. of AOCS division and section events. As this Any group with a shared interest may contact issue goes to press, sponsors include Mead the AOCS Meetings & Exhibits Department Johnson and Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. (Health at [email protected] to reserve a time and & Nutrition Division technical program); space to meet. Air Products, American Cleaning Institute, Both already-established AOCS Church & Dwight, Rhodia, Sasol North common interest groups will meet in Cin- America, Shell Global Solutions (Surfac- cinnati. The Student Common Interest tants and Detergents Division Networking Group Luncheon and Mentoring Program Reception); Archer Daniels Midland Co., will be held from 12:00 p.m.–2:00 p.m. on Bunge North America, and Solae LLC (USA Wednesday, May 4. In addition to organiz- Section Workshop). ing a Hot Topic Symposium, the Professional 70 inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2)
Educators’ Common Interest Group will hold a formal meeting. The day and time are not yet set; visit the AM&E website for the latest Did you know? on meeting details. Following are just a few of many firsts for the city of Cincinnati: 1835 First bag of airmail lifted by a hot air balloon. Technical Services 1869 First professional baseball team—the Cincinnati Red Stockings, now known Meetings as the Cincinnati Reds. 1870 First city in the US to establish a municipal university—the University of AOCS’ Technical Services will host three expert panel meetings (on olive oil, biodie- Cincinnati. sel, and process contaminants) in addition to 1870 First city to hold annual industrial expositions. various technical committee meetings such as 1880 First and only city to build and own a major railroad. the Uniform Methods Committee. For more 1902 First concrete skyscraper built in the US—the Ingalls Building. information, contact Gina Clapper at Gina. 1935 First night baseball game played under lights. [email protected]. 1954 First city to have a licensed public television station—WCET-TV. The Expert Panel on Process Contami- nants will continue its work validating direct methods for the analysis of esters of both for each course may be found at http://Annu- on related topics and cutting-edge tech- 3-MCPD (3-monochloropropane, 1,2-diol) alMeeting.aocs.org. Short course attendees nologies presented during the AM&E. It is and glycidol. The Tuesday afternoon analyti- may attend the Opening Mixer and the Expo designed for scientists, engineers, product cal session will be devoted to the latest work on Sunday, May 1, at no additional charge. developers, and food technologists who have on the detection of these process contami- an understanding of chemistry but lack expe- Function of Lipids in Foods nants; see http://tinyurl.com/ProcessCon- rience or general knowledge of lipid chemis- Saturday and Sunday, April 30–May 1, 2011 taminants for details on the Expert Panel try and applications. Course Organizer: Neil Widlak, Direc- meeting as they become available. tor of Product Services and Development, Basics of Edible Oil Processing and Refining ADM Cocoa, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. Saturday, April 30, 2011 AOCS Short Courses In addition to providing an overview of Course Organizer: Sefa Koseoglu, Short courses will be held at the Hyatt the function of neutral lipids in foods, this Smart Short Courses, College Station, Texas, Regency Cincinnati; the technical programs course serves as an introduction for sessions USA. inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) 71SD&PC
This short course will cover the chemis- Guidelines for Americans likely will cause shifts try of oils and fats as well as every step of unit in the consumption of dietary fats—and not operations dealing with degumming, neutral- just in the United States. This year, as various ization, bleaching, dyeing, hydrogenation, governments consider front-of-pack and res- interesterification, and deodorization. It is taurant menu labeling initiatives, it is more designed for engineers, chemists, and techni- important than ever for food manufacturers cians who desire an enhanced understanding to enhance the healthfulness of their prod- of edible oil refining/processing. ucts. Oil selection is critical to improving the nutritional profile of foods. This program will New Technologies in Oilseed Extraction and provide insight into novel oils currently in Edible Oil Refining development or newly in the marketplace Sunday, May 1, 2011 that are available or will soon be available for Course Organizer: Sefa Koseoglu, product reformulation. Smart Short Courses, College Station, Texas, USA. Tough Topics to Teach Speakers from industry will discuss How do you address certain lipid topics new technologies and techniques in areas that pose instructional problems? These dif- of oilseed processing and crude oil refining. ficulties may be due to a lack of clear infor- The program provides extensive networking mation, ambiguous information, or an opportunities for plant engineers, superinten- abundance of information that needs to be dents, and technicians. In addition, a panel focused on relevant issues. Academics and discussion will cover some of the practical industry professionals will benefit from a problems of plant operations. clear presentation of these problem areas from speakers who have a record of teaching Hot Topic Symposia excellence and established research experi- ence with each topic of interest. Tuesday, May 3, 9:00 a.m.–12:00 p.m. Additional Hot Topic Symposia will Vitamin D: New Dietary Intake Recommenda- be reviewed and considered through March tions and Emerging Health Effects 15, 2011. To submit a proposal, visit http:// Learn more about the report by the US AnnualMeeting.aocs.org. The website also Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute houses the latest information on speakers. of Medicine on new recommended dietary intake levels for vitamin D. What are the Fragrance in Today’s Household Products science and rationale underpinning these Fragrance is a key ingredient in most new recommendations? What is the emerg- household products and is one of the main ing science related to the health effects of drivers for consumer purchase. With the vitamin D? This symposium will answer current environmental concerns and troubled these questions and review the implications economy, fragrance-related innovations are a of the new Dietary Reference Intakes for the hot topic for every detergent and household food industry in terms of nutrition labeling, product manufacturer and supplier. food fortification, and health-related claims, New Horizons for Healthful Oils: Innovative as well as public health recommendations in Approaches to Meeting Government Guidelines future revisions of the Dietary Guidelines for The 2010 revision of the Dietary Americans.
The view from Mt. Echo, one of the seven hills surrounding Cincinnati. Photo courtesy of Aaron Davidson. Monday 72 informEvening February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) GI Monday Morning Monday Afternoon Tuesday Morning \I 8:00 am-12 :OO pm 2:00 pm-4:00 pm 4:00-5:30 pm 9:00 am-12:00 pm c Dedicated Poster ca INTEREST AREA Viewing and Reception - Agricultural AM 1: Agricultural Microscopy I AM 2/PRO 2.1: Food and Feed Safety AM-P: Posters caI Microscopy AM "..I caI ANA 1/BIO 1: Lipidomicsand Metabolic E Analytical Analysis ANA 2: Advances in Spectroscopic ANA-P: Posters ca ANA ANA 1.1/S&D 1.2: Advances in Analytical Techniques ..en Methodsfor Surfactants and Detergents ..0 A. BIO 1/ANA 1: Lipidomicsand Metabolic BIO 2: Oil-based Biofuels BIO-P: Posters Biotechnology -ca Analysis \I BIO c BIO 1.1: Biocatalysis I .c·- \I Edible Applications EAT 1: Lipid Structures-Fundamentals EAT 2: Lipid Structure-Applications EAT-P: Posters ~ Technology EAT Food Structure & FS&FF 1: Food-Body Interactions FS&FF 2: Phase Transitions: Engineering FS&FF-P: Posters <( Functionality Forum Vl and Stability ::::> FS&FF :.c0 0 ·;:; H&N 1/PCP 1.1 : Mark Bieber Memorial roc c Health and Nutrition Symposium: Childhood Obesity- H&N 2: Lipids and Inflammation ·o H&N-P: Posters c H&N Understanding and Implications of a iJ National Epidemic Fragrance• in Today's Household Products (jj c Industrial Oil IOP 1: Alternative Fuels IOP 2: Biobased Lubricants, Plasticizers, IOP-P: Posters QJ u Products IOP and Value Added Products c 0 ·;:; LOQ 1: A Re-examination of the c QJ Antioxidant "Polar Paradox" Paradigm LOQ 2: Lipid Oxidation Challenges and > Lipid Oxidation c LOQ 1.1: Lipid Oxidation Challengesand Potential Solutionsin Food SystemsII LOQ-P: Posters New Horizons• for Healthful 0 and Quality u Potential Solutions in Food Systems I >. LOQ Oils: Innovative Approaches 2" (10:1Sam-noon ) QJ to Meeting Government c UJ PHO 1: Phospholipids in Pharma and PHO 2: Structured Lipids and QJ Phospholipid PHO-P: Posters Guidelines .>£ Cosmetic Applications Phospholipids :::> PHO 0
Processing PRO 1: Safety, Operational Cost PRO 2: New Technology/Hot Topicsin 0 Reductions at Plant Level Processing PRO-P: Posters N PRO '
Methodologies and Efficacies I I BIO 3/H&N 3.1: Functional Lipids- BIO 4/S&D 4: Bio-based Materials: Bioactive Properties BIO-P: Posters Surfactants, Polymers, and Enzymesin BIOS: General Biotechnology Biotechnology BIO 3.1: Biocatalysis II Green Cleaning BIO BIO 4.1: Plant Lipid Biotechnology en I .. 0 EAT 3/S&D 3: Film, Emulsions, and EAT-P: Posters EAT 4/FS&FF 4: Cocoa Butter and EATS: General Edible Applications Edible Applications Vt• Foams Chocolate Structuring Technology EAT 0" ca • Food Structure & FS&FF 3: New Concepts for Food FS&FF-P: Posters FS&FF 4/EAT 4: Cocoa Butter and FS&FF S: Strategies for Sugar and Salt en Functionality Forum c Structuring Chocolate Structuring Reduction FS&FF ·; I I QI H&N 3: Lipid Modulators and :E Messengers H&N 4: General Nutrition I ;; :::s H&N 3.1/BIO 3: Functional Lipids - H&N-P: Posters H&N 4.1/LOQ 4: Omega-3 Challenges: H&N S: General Nutrition II Health and Nutrition c Bioactive Properties Stability, Processing, and Human H&N c H&N 3.2/PHO 3: Applications of Nutrition ...... ~ Phospholipids w/n-3 Fatty Acids I ii. IOP 3: New Glycerol Uses IOP·P: Posters IOP 4: Oleochemicals and Polymers IOP S: General Industrial Oil Products Industrial Oil .. .c.. I Products IOP I LOQ 3/ANA 3.1 : Antioxidants and LOQ 4/H&N 4.1: Omega-3 Challenges: LOQ S: General Oxidation ,....: LOQ-P: Posters Lipid Oxidation 5 Oxidation Control: Analytical Stability, Processing, and Human N and Quality r-." Methodologies and Efficacies Nutrition LOQ >- ~ I ::i I ..0 PHO 3/H&N 3.2: Applications of PHO 4: Phospholipids in Food and PHO S: General Phospholipids QJ Phospholipid .....u.. Phospholipids w/n-3 Fatty Acids PHO·P: Posters Nutraceutical Applications 0 PHO VI PHO 3.1: Symposium on NMR in Lipids .!!"' ::i PRO 3: Sustainability-Waste Utilization "O Processing .cQJ and Reduction PRO 4: General Processing u VI PRO 3.1/EXH 2: Processing Exhibitor PRO-P: Posters PRO c Presentations ·v;0 VI QJ I I Vl Protein and PCP 3: Health Aspects of Fo od Proteins PCP-P: Posters PCP 4: Functional Properties of Proteins PCP S: General Protein and Co-Products Co-Products and Peptides and Co-Products PCP I I S&D 4/BIO 4: Bio-based Materials: S&D 3/EAT 3: Film, Emulsions, and Surfactants, Polymers, and Enzymes in I Foams Green Cleaning S&D 3.1: Fundamental Principles and S&D·P: Posters S&D 4.1: Surface Cleaning, Disinfection, Surfactants and Applications of Surfactants Science: Antimicrobials, and Odor Control Detergents Special Session in Honor of Prof. Milton (8:00-10:00 am) S&D Rosen S&D 4.2: Alternate Cleaning Methods: Solvents and Low Water Systems I (10:00 am-noon) EXH 2/PRO 3.1: Processing Exhibitor Exhibitor Sessions Presentations EXH AOCS Technical Services provides the necessary resources for your lab's quality and reputation. A sure bet since 1909.
• Analytical Methods • Laboratory Proficiency Program • Certified Reference Materials • Approved Chemist Program
TECHNICAL ~ 11!11 Learn more at www.aocs.org/LabServices SERVICES ~~W Briefs inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) 75
The European Commission’s Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly News & Noteworthy Identified Health Risks has approved a definition of “nanomaterial” as a basis for future regulatory safety evaluations and risk assessments. The committee concluded that size is the most rele- vant consideration in defining the term, and that no scientific justification exists to prefer any specific size limit other than the range from 1 to 100 nanome- ters. According to the committee, “size influences bio-distribution (and distri- bution kinetics) in an organism or in an ecosystem which should be taken into consideration in the risk assess- ment of nanomaterials.” The commit- tee did not distinguish between natural and manufactured nanomaterials in its defin tion. nnn The Italian Society for Fat Research (SISSG) celebrated the 50th anniver- sary of its founding on December 10, 1960, by organizing a two-day work- shop on October 28–29, 2010, in Massa Marittima. nnn AOCS has begun a collaborative study, The University of California, Davis Olive New 3-MCPD/glycidol in cooperation with the Japan Oil Chemists’ Oil Sensory Laboratory has satisfied the Society, of another direct method for deter- requirements set forth by the Interna- ester method mination of fatty acid esters of glycidol. This tional Olive Council (IOC; Madrid, Spain), method has also been published in JAOCS thereby earning official certification for A direct method for the determination of fatty acid esters of both 3-MCPD and glyci- but has since been revised. For more informa- its taste panel. This will be the first time tion about the work of the Expert Panel and/ in several years that the United States dol has been published in the Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society (JAOCS). The or the collaborative study, contact AOCS has an IOC-accredited sensory panel. method uses liquid chromatography–time-of- Technical Director Richard Cantrill (phone: nnn flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOFMS). The +1 217-693-4830; email: Richard.Cantrill@ Archer Daniels Midland Co. (ADM; full manuscript is available via open access at aocs.org). Decatur, Illinois, USA) announced in http://tinyurl.com/3-MCPDmethod. December 2010 that it will assume Esters of both 3-MCPD (3-mono- operation of Carolina Soya’s Estill, South chloropropane-1,2-diol) and glycidol are Volatility in short Carolina, USA, assets, which include a process contaminants of interest to the soybean storage facility and a shuttered global fats and oils industries. For more term: Rabobank soybean processing plant. ADM is in dis- information, see the AOCS web resource on Over the next three to five years, agribusiness cussions with Carolina Soya to acquire process contaminants at http://tinyurl.com/ companies are likely to face increased market the property and will lease the facility ProcessContaminants. volatility and higher prices, according to a until the transaction is completed. ADM Publication of the new LC-TOFMS Rabobank Food & Agribusiness Research said it will operate the grain storage method follows the fifth meeting of the and Advisory (FAR) report released in mid- facility, which has a storage capacity of AOCS Expert Panel on Process Contami- December 2010. three million bushels (more than 80,000 nants at the Westin Grand Hotel in Munich, According to the report, “Looking for metric tons), but currently has no plans Germany, on Sunday, November 21, 2010, Delta: Tectonic Shifts Toward Higher and to operate the processing plant. preceding the Euro Fed Lipid conference. The More Volatile Agricultural Markets,” this will nnn sixth meeting of the Expert Panel meeting present challenges as risk management and In December 2010, researchers found will be in February 2011 in Penang, Malaysia, positioning become even more important. high levels of polybrominated diphe- which will coincide with the 22nd Session of However, a more volatile environment will continued on neXt page the Codex Alimentarius Committee on Fats and Oils. continued on neXt page 76 inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) nyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants in one in 10 samples of butter bought at five Overall, the report outlines and quan- considered in the context of net growth in Dallas, Texas, USA, grocery stores. The tifies the key factors that, over the next few China’s soybean imports over the past decade, PBDE levels in the contaminated sample years, are likely to move world agricultural the order of magnitude of China’s potential were more than 135 times higher than markets to higher, more volatile price levels need for corn imports is enormous—in the the average of the other nine samples. than have been seen in the past. FAR devel- tens of millions of metric tons annually. The scientists found that PBDE levels in oped the report to identify the major under- It looks increasingly likely that this need the butter’s paper wrapper were more lying factors that will drive developments in may come much sooner than many had previ- than 16 times higher than levels found the global grain, oilseed, and protein markets ously predicted. While the industrialization in the butter. Whether the paper was in the years ahead, and which may currently policies are partly driven by food safety con- contaminated before or after it reached be underappreciated in the market place. cerns and partly by the need for efficiency, the butter packaging plant—and the “You can only steer through the hills, there are also overriding market forces such actual source of contamination—is not valleys, and curves when you can see them as the natural evolution in food retailing and known. The study appeared in Environ- coming,” said Nelson. “And we have found foodservice that take place as economies mental Health Perspectives (doi: 10.1289/ it’s going to be a bumpy ride. A combination mature. ehp.1002604). of factors—primarily in Brazil, Russia, China, nnn and India—will cause those bumps as agri- INDIA: AN EMERGING SWING FACTOR Omega Protein Corp. of Houston, Texas, cultural markets move higher and become “The bottom line is that we see India shifting USA, announced in mid-December 2010 more volatile.” from a soymeal exporter to an importer over that it has acquired Cyvex Nutrition, the next few years, which represents about a Inc. of Irvine, California, USA. Cyvex BLACK SEA REGION six million metric ton swing,” said Nelson. “The 2010 drought will severely impact grain is an ingredients manufacturer for While this growth in soymeal consump- exports from the Black Sea region for at least dietary supplement makers. Omega tion is high in percentage terms, the start- one year and probably several more,” said produces refined menhaden fish oil for ing base is quite low so the impact on world Nelson. “As a result, companies that buy, the omega-3 fatty acid market. tonnage will be somewhat small. What might sell, and trade crop commodities will need to nnn be most unappreciated by the world’s protein reconsider balance sheet management factors A federal court in California, USA, has players is the large and growing role of India’s such as working capital and risk-management denied a joint motion for preliminary beef (buffalo) exports in global meat markets. practices.” approval of a class settlement in two Consumption of milk from buffalo is growing Structurally, the Black Sea region has cases involving butter substitutes. The about 6.5% each year, which is faster than become the primary incremental producer court was concerned about “the waiver the growth in domestic beef consump- of world grain due to its available arable of certain damages claims and need for tion. This has made India the fourth largest land. However, the poor environment and exporter of beef in the world. The low cost of opt-out in a Federal Rule of Civil Pro- unreliable weather are and will continue this product makes it especially attractive in cedure 23(b)(2) injunctive class where to cause global grain prices to trend higher Middle Eastern and Asian markets where the the proposed class received no mon- and with more volatility. Further contribut- product competes on price with chicken. etary relief.” The cases, filed in 2009, ing to tighter grain supplies in the region are involve claims that butter-substitute growing international demand and Russia’s makers have violated consumer protec- move toward self-sufficiency in chicken and BRAZIL’S CHALLENGES tion laws by promoting their products ultimately pork production. “With ample and reliable rainfall, support- as “healthy” and “nutritious” when they “Beyond grain, this will have a longer- ive industry leaders and government, and contain purportedly dangerous levels term impact on the protein trade, causing plenty of untapped land potential, the future of trans fats. n shifting trade patterns, and threatening looks bright for agriculture in Brazil,” said big meat exporters unless new markets are Nelson. “However, we see two big challenges found,” said Nelson. on the horizon that may affect the profitabil- also create opportunities—and not just of a ity of future growth prospects: currency and trading and market-positioning nature. CHINA: NEW SWING FACTOR infrastructure.” “With slow world economic growth and “Profound shifts appear to be underway in While currency appreciation is reduc- food demand shifting east, companies will terms of China’s ability to be self-sufficient ing the country’s relative advantages, Brazil’s need to rebalance their operating portfolios in key feed grains that could have significant infrastructure weakness has been magnified or risk having regional imbalances, or more implications for the industry globally,” said by growing production, and is the primary importantly, risk being left behind in the Nelson. “For the first time in 15 years, China challenge. It often costs between $2 and $3 establishment of global production, distri- will import a meaningful amount of corn this to ship a bushel of crops from Mato Grosso, bution and trading networks,” said Rabobank year.” Brazil, to port, which is about twice as much FAR Global Strategist David Nelson, who China’s need for feed grains is likely to as it costs to ship a bushel of grain from the focuses on the global grains, oilseed, and accelerate with its plans to rapidly indus- United States to China. While infrastructure protein markets. trialize meat production, which inherently is improving, it is coming at a slow pace— However, he also notes that “while the reduces feed input flexibility and shifts animal slower than agricultural output is growing. cost of being wrong has gone up, so has the diets toward standard rations, typically dom- However, Nelson said, “Improvement benefit of being right.” inated by corn or feed-grade wheat. When in Brazilian infrastructure could eventually inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) 77
unlock a vast quantity of productive land and crop output.” UNITED STATES AND GM CROPS Acceptance of genetically modified (GM) crops has been primarily limited to the US corn market, which is the only major grain with demonstrated technology-driven yield growth. Additionally, there are no foresee- able prospects for GM wheat; because, even in North America, there are many obstacles to accepting the technology. Therefore, when Sustainability watch considering the potential role GM seeds could play in providing production and pro- ductivity growth to feed rising food demand, The National Sunflower Association (NSA; Mandan, North Dakota, USA) has produced it is essentially in the context of the US corn a sustainability statement that is available online at www.sunflowernsa.com/all-about/ market. In the longer term, there are output sunflower-sustainability. The statement traces a dramatic decrease in the use of active traits in the pipeline for drought resistance ingredients of various crop protection products from the 1990s through to the present and nitrogen utilization that could prove time. In addition, the shift to no-till and reduced-till systems has greatly reduced soil meaningful. erosion as well as fuel use for planting and weed control, NSA says. However, Nelson said, “While the world nnn could use every bit of productivity and supply Cargill’s work to improve livelihoods for cacao farmers and their families in Africa, Asia, growth it can muster right now, advances in and South America earned it the US Chamber Business Civic Leadership Center 2010 GM crops are not likely to move the needle International Community Service Award. The award recognizes contributions to posi- meaningfully any time soon.” tive economic and social development in a country outside the United States. nnn ADM celebrates The Global Packaging Project of the Consumer Goods Forum (Paris, France) is expected to issue a guidance document in the first quarter of 2011. The document will include fifth anniversary a suggested set of common definitions, metrics, and principles for packaging in the context of sustainability. About 52 metrics have been identified, including recycled In December 2010, Archer Daniels Midland content, life cycle impact, global warming potential, water consumption, waste pro- Company (ADM; Decatur, Illinois, USA) duction, and energy usage. The document will be available at http://globalpackag- celebrated its fifth year of working with West ing.mycgforum.com. African farmers to produce higher-quality nnn cacao crops through the company’s Socially and Environmentally Responsible Agricul- A new NASA computer modeling effort has found that additional growth of plants tural Practices (SERAP) program. One of and trees in a world with doubled atmospheric carbon dioxide levels would create a the world’s first sustainable cacao programs, new negative feedback—a cooling effect—in the Earth’s climate system that could SERAP encourages farming cooperatives to work to reduce future global warming. work together to address social and environ- The cooling effect would be –0.3°C globally and –0.6°C over land, compared with mental issues and offers financial incentives simulations where the feedback was not included, said Lahouari Bounoua, of Goddard to help implement sustainable agricultural Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland. Bounoua led the research, which appeared practices. in Geophysical Research Letters (doi:10.1029/2010GL045338, 2010). Without the nega- In 2005, ADM worked with West African tive feedback included, the model found a warming of 1.94°C globally when carbon farming cooperatives to develop the SERAP dioxide was doubled. program to meet customer requests for sus- Bounoua stressed that although the model’s results showed a negative feedback, it tainable cacao that was both traceable and is not a strong enough response to alter the global warming trend that is expected. auditable. In 2010, the program distributed nnn $1.25 million in funding to cooperatives and The Economic Research Service (ERS) of the US Department of Agriculture has created their members in Côte d’Ivoire, raising the an electronic briefing room highlighting the ERS climate change research program total amount provided to participating coop- known as Economics of Markets for Agricultural Greenhouse Gases (EMAGG). That eratives to more than $4.5 million. program “builds on extensive expertise on the economics of land use, land manage- Participation in the SERAP program ment, technology adoption, conservation program design, and biofuels production has tripled since its implementation in 2005 and distribution,” ERS said in a news release. and has provided almost 49,000 metric tons Landowner responses to carbon policies are a key factor in establishing the (MT) of sustainable cacao during this time. costs of greenhouse gas offsets from agriculture. In fiscal 2010, the EMAGG program During the initial 2005–2006 growing year, awarded $735,000 to seven projects to examine the economics of agricultural activi- continued on page 78 continued on page 78 78 inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2)
ties and practices and the effects of programs and greenhouse gas markets in reduc- nonesterified phytosterols be eligible for the ing agricultural greenhouse gases. A detailed list of funded projects is available at health claim,” the proposed rule (Federal Reg- http://tinyurl.com/EMAGG. ister 75:76526–76571, 2010) states. nnn The Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) has introduced a logo for use on product packaging to inform consumers that the palm oil within has FRA awards biobased been sourced following RSPO rules. According to the RSPO, about half of the packaged products (both food and personal care) in supermarkets contain palm oil. n fuels, lubricants grants The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) has awarded two research grants totaling $766,562 intended to advance the use of six cooperatives with approximately 6,000 expansion of the foods enriched with phy- biobased fuels and lubricants. farmer members participated, delivering tosterols that can carry a health claim linking North Carolina State University 4,000 MT of cacao. During the 2009–2010 the ingredients to a reduced risk of coronary (Raleigh, USA) received $395,189 to con- growing year, the number of participating heart disease (CHD). tinue its research into the use of biofuels for cooperatives grew to 49, representing more In addition to adding bread, cereal, freight and passenger rail operations, which than 18,000 farmers who together delivered orange juice, and low-fat dairy foods to the list will result in a possible recommendation of more than 14,000 MT of sustainable SERAP of approved foods, the FDA also proposed a a “premium” biofuel blend for locomotive cacao. Moreover, an analysis of cacao bean redefinition of “phytosterol.” The revised defi- engines. quality has shown that SERAP participants nition includes “both phytosterols esterified In addition, the National Ag-based regularly produce better cacao beans with with certain food-grade fatty acids and, for Lubricant Center at the University of North- lower moisture levels. the conventional foods for which the claim ern Iowa received $371,373 to study the is authorized, nonesterified phytosterols as feasibility of using readily biodegradable substances for which the health claim may soy-based lubricants by freight and passen- FDA acts on phytosterols be made. ger railroads. In December 2010, the US Food and “[H]owever, FDA is not proposing Drug Administration (FDA) proposed an that dietary supplements containing only Canada invests in oilseed research The governments of Canada and Saskatche- wan will invest $4.5 million toward an oilseed development project through the Canada- Saskatchewan Western Economic Partner- ship Agreement. The investment of $4.5 million will support a three-year research initiative, led by Genome Prairie, to develop new varieties of Camelina sativa (false flax) and Brassica carinata (Ethiopian mustard) for industrial applications. Genome Prairie (Saskatoon, Saskatche- wan) will work in collaboration with leading research companies and federal and pro- vincial government partners. Research will focus on the potential of engineering the oil profile of camelina and B. carinata for use as a petroleum substitute in a variety of high- value, nonfuel applications such as lubri- cants, hydraulic fluids, greases, and polymers. Future commercialization of these new crops will lead to increased oilseeds diversification, providing growers with more choices for crop production and potentially increased reve- nues. n inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) 79
Euro Fed Lipid Meeting Report
Euro Fed Lipid President Marc Kellens close relationship between health and long- conception of Euro Fed Lipid as well as for officially convened the 8th Euro Fed Lipid chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC- his many years of service to the organiza- Congress, entitled “Oils, Fats and Lipids: PUFA). tion during its formative years. Parmentier Health & Nutrition, Chemistry & Energy” Bart Staels, Université Lille Nord was the first president of Euro Fed Lipid, on Sunday, November 21, 2010, in Munich, de France, received the European Lipid serving from its creation in 2001 through Germany. In his opening remarks, Kellens Science Award and presented his award 2005. reported that nearly 600 delegates from lecture on “Nuclear Receptors Connect- At the closing session, AOCS member more than 40 countries were participating ing Lipid Metabolism to the Nucleus.” Fereidoon Shahidi, Memorial University in the Congress (400 from academia and He described how nuclear receptors are a of Newfoundland, Canada, received the 200 from industry). He announced that family of transcription factors that mediate European Lipid Technology Award. His for the first time, the Euro Fed Lipid Con- responses to environmental changes by award lecture, “Novel Antioxidants in gress offered a table top exhibition, which modulating genomic expression and how Food Quality Preservation and Health Pro- included 15 company displays. these nuclear receptors play an impor- motion,” provided a detailed account of At the opening plenary session, tant role connecting lipid metabolism and dietary polyphenols and their derivatives, Michael Bockisch, Bockisch-Consult energy homeostasis to the nucleus. including those with omega-3 fatty acids ( Jes teburg, Germany), longtime AOCS Earlier in the day, the Euro Fed Lipid from marine and algal sources as well as member and author of AOCS’s Fats and Board of Directors welcomed its 12th phytosterols, in food quality preservation Oils Handbook, was presented the DGF member organization, the newly formed and in health and disease. Normann Medal. In his award lecture, Turkish Association of Fats and Oils. The 9th Euro Fed Lipid Congress, “Fish Oil–from the Bad and the Ugly to At the Congress banquet, Michel Par- “Oils, Fats and Lipids for a Healthy and the Precious and Good,” Bockish described mentier was awarded the first-ever Fellow Sustainable World,” will be held Septem- the development in medical and nutritional Award of Euro Fed Lipid. Parmentier was ber 18–21, 2011, in Rotterdam, Nether- science that has made more apparent the cited for his involvement with the initial lands. n r~ ~ ~ MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION 11 inf ;::Q e ~ Street Address: 2710 S. Boulder Drive, Urbana, IL 61802-6996 USA. Mail Address: P.O. Box 17190, Urbana, IL 61803-7190 USA. N ~!=!~ Phoo" +1 217-359-2344; r.,, + 1 217-351 ~091; Em•il; m~ bmhipOeocrn '• W•b; www.•m·•• 0 Dr. 0 Mr. 0 Ms. 0 Mrs. 0 Prof. Please print or type. All applicants must sign the Code of Ethics. Last Name/Family Name.______First Name ______Middle Initial ______
Firm/Institution------ Positionmtle ------Business Address (Number, Street)______City, State/Provi nce ______Postal Code, Country______Birthdate ______Business Phone ______Fax ______Previously an AOCS student member? 0 Yes 0 No Expected Graduation Date ______E-mail ------In vited to be a member by ______
MEMBERSHIP DUES $ ____ U.S./Non-U.S. Non-U.S. Membership dues include a subscription to inform. Surface Mail Airmail Active membership is "individual" and is not transferable. Membership year is from January 1 through December 31, 2011. 0 Active 0 $154 0 $239 *Complimentary student membership includes free access to onli ne inform only. 0 Corporate 0 $775 0 $775 Student membership applies to full-ti me graduate students working no more than 0 Student* 0 $ 0 0 N/A 50% time in professional work, excluding academic assistantshipslfellowships. A professor must confirm these conditions every year, in writing.
OPTIONAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS $ ____
JAOCS 0 $160 These prices apply only with member inform-Student member only, rate fo r print Lipids 0 $160 ship and include print and online U.S./Non-U .S. Surface Mail Non-U.S. Ai rmail Journal of Surfactants and Detergents 0 $160 versions and shi ppi ng/handling. 0 $30 0 $11 5
DIVISIONS AND SECTIONS DUES (Students may choose one free Division membership.) $ ____ Divisions Dues/ Year Divisions Dues/ Year Sections Dues/Year Sections Dues/Year 0 Agricultural Microscopy $12 0 Industrial Oil Products $15 0 Asian FREE O India $10 0 Analytical $15 0 Li pid Oxidation and Quality $10 0 Austra lasian $25 0 Latin American $15 0 Biotechnology $10 0 Phospholipid $20 0 Canadian $15 0 USA FREE 0 Edible Applications $15 0 Processing $10 0 European $10 0 Food Structure and Functionality $20 0 Protein and Co-Products $10 0 Health and Nutrition $15 0 Surfactants and Detergents $20
MEMBERSHIP PRODUCTS 0 Membership Certificate: $25 • 0 AOCS Lapel Pin: $10 • 0 Membership Certificate and AOCS Lapel Pin: $30 $ ____
PREFERRED METHOD OF PAYMENT 0 Check or money order is enclosed, payable to AOCS in U.S. funds drawn on a U.S. bank. TOTAL 0 Send bank transfers to: Busey Bank, 201 West Main Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801 USA. Account number 111 150-836-1 . REMITTANCE Reference: l ORDMGM. Routing number 071102568. Fax bank transfer details and application to AOCS. 0 Send an invoice for payment. (Memberships are not acti ve until payment is received.) $ __ 0 I wish to pay by credit card: 0 MasterCard 0 Visa 0 American Express 0 Discover Credit Card Account Number ______Name as Printed on Card ______Expiration Date ------csc _____ Signature ______Dues are not deducti ble fo r charitable contributions for income tax purposes; however, dues may be considered ordinary and necessary business expenses.
AOCS: Your international forum for fats, oils, proteins, surfactants, and detergents. This Code has been adopted by AOCS to define the rules of professional conduct for its members. As a condition of membership, it shall be signed by each applicant. AOCS Code of Ethics • Chemistry and its application by scientists, engi neers, and technologists have for the ir prime objective the advancement of science and benefit of mankind. Accordingly, the Society expects each member: 1) to be familiar with the purpose and objectives of the Society as expressed in its Articles of Incorporation; to promote its aim actively; and to strive for self-improvement in said member's professi on; 2) to present conduct that at all times reflects dignity upon the profession of chemistry and engineering; 3) to use every honorable means to elevate the standards of the profess ion and extend its sphere of usefulness; 4) to keep inviolate any confidence that may be entrusted to said member in such member's professional capacity; 5) to refuse participation in questionable enterprises and to refuse to engage in any occupation that is contrary to law or the public welfare; 6) to guard against unwarranted insinuations that reflect upon the character or integrity of other chemists and engineers.
I hereby subscribe to the above Code of Ethics. Signature of Applicant------inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) 81 Briefs Biofuels News A report prepared by Don O’Connor of (S&T)2 Consultants Inc., Vancouver Canada, entitled Life Cycle Analysis Canola Biodiesel, contends that canola biodiesel reduces life cycle greenhouse gases by 90% compared with fossil diesel. In releasing the report, Robert Hunter, vice president of the Canola Council of Canada, told the Canadian Renewable Fuels Association Summit meeting in Ottawa on November 30, “Countries around the world are imple- menting biofuel sustainability policies, and here we have a report that clearly demonstrates that Canadian canola can be a leader.” nnn Finnair airplanes are set to use fuel produced from renewable sources on regular flights as early as the second quarter of 2011. For now, Neste Oil (Porvoo, Finland) will produce the nec- essary bio-kerosene in its production facilities in Porvoo and Singapore. Neste is also constructing another facility in Rotterdam that ultimately can supply fuel for Finnair. Neste uses animal fat $0.45 per gallon, through 2011; and an exten- or logging waste in synthesizing bio- GENERAL sion of the tariff on imported ethanol ($0.54 kerosene. The Finnish government per gallon). Additionally, the bill extended owns majority stakes in Finnair and in through 2011 the $0.10 per gallon tax credit Neste. US President signs for ethanol producers manufacturing less nnn than 60 million gallons of ethanol annually; excise tax credits for alternative fuel and alter- Lennart Hallgren, project manager of tax legislation native fuel mixtures; and alternative fuel refu- the Stockholm (Sweden) Public Trans- On December 17, 2010, US President Barack eling property. port, told Xinhua News Agency in Obama signed the Tax Relief, Unemploy- Renewable Fuels Association President ment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job December 2010 that the city’s goal is and Chief Executive Robert Dinneen was Creation Act. Among other things, this tax for its public transport to be free of fossil quoted (http://tinyurl.com/Biofuel-credit) legislation extends incentives for ethanol and fuels by 2025. By the end of 2009, nearly as saying the extension of the biofuels credits biodiesel production. 35% of all public buses in the city were for a year would allow time for debate on lon- The legislation extended the $1.00 per fueled by either biogas or ethanol (for ger-term incentives for renewable fuels. a total of 630 buses). The fleet will be gallon incentive for biodiesel and diesel expanded by 700 more green buses. created from biomass, which had expired The city is also testing an ethanol hybrid December 31, 2009, retroactively through DOE awards bus, which runs on a combination of 2010 and on to December 31, 2011. Since the previous tax credit for biodie- electricity and ethanol. Additionally, all computing time sel expired at the end of 2009, the industry rail traffic presently runs on renewable in the United States has been severely crip- The US Department of Energy (DOE) wind and hydroelectric power. pled. For example, almost half of the biodie- announced the largest ever awards of its nnn sel plants in the state of Iowa either closed or supercomputing time to 57 innovative On December 15, the Canadian federal went into idle mode, resulting in the loss of research projects—using computer simula- government’s Renewable Fuels Stan- thousands of jobs. tions to perform virtual experiments that in dard officially came into force. Its effect For ethanol, the legislation included an most cases would be impossible or impracti- will be to add some two billion liters extension of the Volumetric Ethanol Excise cal in the natural world. Utilizing two super- of renewable fuels, such as biodiesel Tax Credit (VEETC) at the current rate, computers with a computational capacity continued on neXt page 82 inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) and ethanol, into the Canadian gaso- line pool each year. Gordon Quaiattini, president of the Canadian Renewable US EPA’s RFS2 Fuels Association, said, “Five percent of JATROPHA the gasoline that Canadians pump into numbers for 2011 their vehicles will come from renewable At the end of November, the US Environ- Jatropha in Mozambique green sources harvested and produced mental Protection Agency (EPA) released across Canada.” n Sergio Gouveia, business development the percentage standards for 2011 for the four manager of Sun Biofuels Mozambique, categories of fuel—cellulosic biofuel, bio- announced in late November that the mass-derived diesel, advanced biofuel, and company, a subsidiary of UK-based Sun Bio- renewable fuel—that make up the agency’s roughly equal to 135,000 quad-core laptops, fuels Ltd., plans to expand its cultivation of renewable fuel standard program, known as the research could, for example, help speed jatropha in the country by more than five RFS2. This program was established through the development of more efficient solar cells, times in the next five years. the Energy Independence and Security Act of improvements in biofuel production, or more At present, the company has jatropha 2007 (EISA). effective medications to help slow the pro- plants growing on 2,000 hectares; when Overall volumes and standards for 2011 gression of Parkinson’s disease. expansion is complete, 11,000 hectares in The projects represent both academic are as follows: central Manica and Sofala provinces will have and commercial research, including partner- • Cellulosic ethanol: 6.6 million gallons been planted. ships with companies such as GE and Boeing (25 million liters); 0.003% According to Bloomberg.com (Novem- to use sophisticated computer modeling in • Biomass-based diesel: 800 million ber 25, 2010), Gouveia said the company the development of better wind turbines and gallons (3.03 billion liters); 0.69% “will follow the pattern of land zoning jet engines. • Advanced biofuel:1.35 billion gallons approved by the government so that we do The DOE is awarding time on two of (5.11 billion liters); 0.78% not affect food productions.” the world’s fastest and most powerful super- • Renewable fuel: 13.95 billion gallons The state-run Petroleos de Moçambique computers—the Cray XT5 (“Jaguar”) at (52.81 billion liters); 8.01% SA will purchase the oil for production of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Oak Ridge, It is notable that the requirements for biofuel. Tennessee) and the IBM Blue Gene/P cellulosic biofuel have been lowered by 97% The company is presently experiment- (“Intrepid”) at Argonne National Laboratory from the EPA’s original goal of 250 million ing with six varieties of jatropha, from which (Argonne, Illinois). Jaguar’s computational gallons (950 million liters), but the overall it will choose the most suitable for planting capacity is roughly equivalent to 109,000 amount for all renewable fuels has been main- in their expanded efforts. laptops all working together to solve the same tained. This reduction was based in part on problem. Intrepid is roughly equivalent to the EPA’s assessment that only five US facili- 26,000 laptops. ties have the potential to make volumes of ALGAE The awards include nearly 1.7 billion cellulosic biofuel commercially available for processor hours on DOE’s advanced super- transportation use in the United States in computers—the largest total ever—reflect- 2011. Viral Genetics boosts ing both the growing sophistication of the EPA is currently aware of more than 20 field of computer modeling and simulation facilities representing over 300 million gallons algal oil production and the rapid expansion of supercomputing of production that are targeting commercial Viral Genetics, Inc., of San Marino, Califor- capabilities at DOE National Laboratories production of cellulosic biofuels in 2012. As nia, USA, has created a subsidiary it is calling in recent years. a result, although the cellulosic biofuel stan- VG Energy, Inc. The new entity, headed by Awarded under the DOE’s Innovative dard the agency set for 2011 is considerably Chief Executive Officer Haig Keledjian, has and Novel Computational Impact on Theory less than the applicable volumes established been formed to market the company’s biofuel and Experiment (INCITE) program, many in EISA, EPA believes there is reason for opti- technology. of the new and continuing INCITE projects mism going forward to 2012 and beyond. VG Energy is marketing an algae- aim to further renewable energy solutions The 240 million gallon shortfall of cellu- enhancing technology that can increase the and understand the environmental impacts losic biofuels was added on to the 1.15 billion yield of oil from algae by as much as 300%. of energy use. The program, open to all sci- gallons of advanced biofuels in 2011 to keep In a company statement, Keledjian entists, is supported by the DOE’s Office of the total at 1.35 billion gallons. said, “We believe our approach to biofuels Science and managed by the DOE Leader- The complete ruling as it appeared in can change the economics of green energy ship Computing Facilities at the Argonne and the Federal Register can be downloaded at by simply increasing the oil yield in certain Oak Ridge National Laboratories, which host http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/2010/2010- plants.” He added, “Many competitive tech- some of the world’s fastest supercomputers. 30296.htm. nologies focus on genetically modifying algae strains, and developing expensive new growing methods.” M. Karen Newell-Rogers, of the Texas AgriLife Research Blacklands campus (Temple, Texas) has been instrumental in developing the yield-enhancing technology inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) 83
and has received one patent and applied for AOCS Standard Procedure Ck 2-09 pro- method, as an approved method within the several others under exclusive license to VG vides a method for using the QTA System biodiesel B100 specification D6751 for the Energy for this work. marketed by Cognis Corp. (Cincinnati, Ohio, properties of methanol content. The revised “Our research seems to indicate that USA) for the rapid determination in biodie- D6751, with Ck 2-09 included, is scheduled we can trigger plant cells to increase their fat sel of total glycerin, free glycerin, and cloud to be published in February 2011 and meth- stores,” said Newell-Rogers. “We can manip- point via a QTA (quality trait analysis)-spe- anol analyses conducted by QTA system will ulate plant cells so that they store oil and cific infrared spectrometer that uses attenu- qualify under the D6751 specification and eventually release those reserves instead of ated total reflectance. can be used by BQ-9000 facilities. burning the fat for fuel when glucose stores Analyses can be conducted using a single are low. The end result is more oil is available drop of biodiesel, with no sample preparation for processing into a biofuel.” or use of chemical reagents. The results are RENEWABLE DIESEL available within two minutes. Since its intro- duction in 2006, roughly two million biodie- sel tests have been conducted using the QTA Lufthansa to use biofuel BIODIESEL System, according to Cognis. The next step is for the ASTM Interna- on commercial flights Analytical procedures tional D02 Committee as a whole to vote on In a press conference held November 29, the method in the first half of 2011. If the 2010, the German airline Lufthansa, along for biodiesel ballot passes, the Ck 2-09 procedure will be with government officials and the German added to D6751 as an approved alternate Aerospace Center, announced a biofuel Total glycerin, glycerin, and cloud point. ASTM test method for free and total glycerin as project that will begin in April 2011. At that International Subcommittee D02.E0 passed well as cloud point; analyses conducted by time Lufthansa will begin flying an Airbus three ballot votes in early December for inclu- the QTA System could be used by BQ-9000 A321 on scheduled commercial flights going sion of AOCS Standard Procedure Ck 2-09 facilities and would qualify under the D6751 from Hamburg to Frankfort and back to as an approved method within the biodie- specification. Hamburg. One of the aircraft’s engines will sel B100 specification D6751. (B100 refers Methanol. Additionally, the ASTM Main use a 50:50 mix of biofuel and traditional ker- to fuel that is 100% biodiesel with no added Committee D02 voted to include the AOCS osene. A primary purpose of the project is to petroleum diesel.) Standard Procedure Ck 2-09, the QTA System 84 inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2)
evaluate the long-term effects of biofuel on engine maintenance and engine life. According to Lufthansa Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Wolfgang Mayrhu- ber, “Lufthansa will be the world’s first airline to utilize biofuel in flight operations within the framework of a long-term trial.” As part of its preparations for these tests, Lufthansa is acquiring biofuel in sufficient volume to conduct these flights. Logistics also must be determined well in advance. The aircraft will be fueled only in Hamburg. This entails the airline changing its internal procedures, since it does not normally use a plane exclusively on a single route. Instead, a plane always flies in a rotation to different destinations. The project is estimated to cost Luft- hansa €6.6 million. Supplier of the biosyn- thetic kerosene will be Neste Oil (Porvoo, development, and Brasil Ecodiesel, a biofuel created to convert biological feedstocks into Finland), a fuel refining and marketing producer. Airbus and AirBP (the jet fuel dis- real, drop-in fuels are not only economically company. Certification of its biofuel is tribution unit of BP) are also supporting the viable under current regulations, but they are expected in March 2011. project. aligned with today’s standard refinery prac- A company statement indicated Luft- To make the fuel, jatropha seeds were tices and can greatly contribute to the reduc- hansa has improved its fuel efficiency by 30% collected from family agricultural projects tion of greenhouse gas emissions.” since 1991. Average fuel consumption per and farms in Brazil involved in the pioneer Honeywell’s UOP and Eni SpA (head- passenger is now 4.3 liters of kerosene over culture of Jatropha curcas, and crude oil quartered in Rome, Italy) jointly developed 100 kilometers. was extracted from them. The oil was then the UOP/Eni Ecofining™ process, which British Airways plc is also preparing to shipped to the United States to be processed uses hydroprocessing technology to convert fly with biofuels. It is cooperating with Solena into bio-kerosene by UOP, a Honeywell nonfood natural oils and animal fats to Hon- Group Inc. to build a waste-to-biofuels plant Company, to make a 50:50 blend with regular eywell Green Diesel™ fuel. The product east of London. Construction is expected to aviation kerosene. is chemically indistinguishable from tra- begin in 2012, with fuel production to start Plans are to ramp up the planting of jat- ditional diesel fuel, UOP says, and it has a in mid-2014. British Airways, anticipates ropha crops within Brazil and to construct higher cetane value, excellent cold-flow per- buying all of the plant’s 16 million gallons a processing plant to receive the jatropha formance, and reduced emissions compared (61 million liters) of biofuel, made from seeds. According to a statement from Airbus with biodiesel and petroleum-based diesel. 500,000 metric tons of waste biomass other- (http://tinyurl.com/Brasil-TAM) the pro- The company has also developed the wise destined for landfill, annually for up to cessing plant should start operations in 2013 process to produce Honeywell Green Jet 10 years, said Jonathon Counsell, the airline’s with initial processing capacity of 80,000 Fuel™ for use in commercial and military head of environment, in a July 2010 interview metric tons per year of the fuel. aircraft. It has been tested so far on six com- (http://tinyurl.com/BA-Solena). Airbus is sponsoring sustainability mercial biofuel flights and several jet and studies related to use of jatropha as a feed- helicopter flights with the US Navy and Air stock for aviation at Yale University (New Force. Brazil joins effort to Haven, Connecticut, USA). fuel aviation with Barley as possible AIChE recognizes UOP feedstock for oil renewable diesel In November 2010, the American Institute On November 22, TAM Airlines (São Paulo, of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) presented Researchers at the Eastern Regional Research Brazil) and Airbus carried out the first jatro- its Sustainable Energy Award for 2010 to Center (Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania) of the pha-based biofuel flight in Latin America, UOP LLC (Des Plaines, Illinois, USA), a US Department of Agriculture Agricultural using an Airbus A320 aircraft designed to Honeywell company, for its work on biofu- Research Service laboratory have reported carry up to 174 passengers. The flight, in els process technology. The award recognizes the results of their research on the use of Brazilian air space over the Atlantic Ocean, contributions toward the innovation, sustain- barley feedstocks as a source of bio-oil. lasted for 45 minutes before returning to its ability, and conservation of energy through AOCS members Robert Moreau and point of origin. the application of chemical engineering. Kevin Hicks, along with lead scientist Akwasi Fuel development for the flight was led In a company statement, Rajeev Gautam, Boateng, Charles Mullen, and Neil Goldberg by Curcas Brasil, a company that special- president and chief executive officer of Hon- have evaluated the yields of bio-oil from izes in Brazilian renewable energy project eywell’s UOP, said, “The solutions we have continued on page 118 inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) 85 Briefs Health & Nutrition News Approximately 250 US soldiers deployed to Iraq are taking part in a study to deter- mine whether supplementing soldiers’ diets with fish oil capsules will improve their mood and combat stress symp- toms, according to the Stars and Stripes newspaper. The research leader, Scott Smith of the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, USA, designed the study after attending a Department of Defense-hosted conference in 2009 on the benefits of omega-3 fatty acids. nnn Antioxidant peptides found in human milk and subsequently synthesized by Canadian researchers could have pos- sible applications in enriched infant formula. A study in Food Chemistry (doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.146) identi- fied eight novel peptides that may con- tribute to the bioactivity of human milk. Two peptides in particular—YGYTGA and ISELGW—had strong antioxidant activity. Apollinaire Tsopmo of Carleton University (Ottawa, Ontario, Canada) led the research. Catherine Clarke and her UCLA research team (L. to R.: Catherine Clarke, Shauna Hill, Vincent nnn Tse, and Bradley Kay) in the laboratory, courtesy of Reed Hutchinson/UCLA. Raising “good” cholesterol levels may help prevent Alzheimer’s disease, less likely to occur, rather than relying on anti- according to a study led by Christiane New method for oxidants to repair damage after it occurs. Reitz of Columbia University’s Taub “These compounds (PUFA) are so Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s preventing oxidative important, yet so fragile,” Clarke said. “In Disease in New York City, USA. The many diseases, cell membrane function dete- study, which appeared in Archives of damage to cells riorates, and it’s exciting to think an enhanced Neurology (67:1491–1497, 2010), found A new method for preventing oxidation in class of supplements may be able to correct that persons with low levels of high- the essential fatty acids of cell membranes neurodegenerative diseases, and perhaps even density lipoprotein (HDL) or “good” could lead to a new class of more effective oxidative stress-related aging. It would be a cholesterol had a 60% greater risk of nutritional supplements and potentially help new strategy to treat and reinforce the mol- developing Alzheimer’s disease after combat neurodegenerative disorders such as ecule at the place where it is most prone to the age of 65 than those who had high Parkinson’s disease and perhaps Alzheimer’s damage, instead of taking more antioxidants. levels. disease as well, according to a group of bio- This could be a new approach to battling dis- nnn chemists from UCLA (University of Califor- eases resulting from oxidative stress.” A meta-analysis presented at the nia, Los Angeles, USA). In the study, Clarke and her colleagues meeting of the American College of Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are show that PUFA can be strengthened by Neuropsychopharmacology in early essential nutrients for everything from brain replacing their most vulnerable hydrogen December 2010 found that the proper function to cell function, but they are the atoms, which are easily stripped away, with more stable deuterium (2H), an isotope of ratio of EPA to DHA is critical in allevia- most vulnerable components in human cells hydrogen with one extra neutron. The result tion of depression. The analysis, which because of their high sensitivity to oxidative is the creation of a fatty acid that serves the was led by John Davis, a professor of modifications. The UCLA biochemists, led by chem- same function as its predecessor, but without psychiatry at the University of Illinois at the same susceptibility to oxidation. Chicago (USA), examined the results of istry and biochemistry professor Catherine Clarke, set out to develop a new method for The biochemists also describe applying 15 controlled clinical trials on the use of increasing the stability of PUFA. Along the this reinforcement process to two essential omega-3fatty acids—commonly found way, they discovered a way to make PUFA dietary fatty acids and show that yeast cells continued on neXt page more difficult to fracture so that oxidation is treated with the reinforced PUFA are much 86 inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2)
more resistant to oxidative stress than yeast pulled off, antioxidants stop the harmful treated with normal PUFA. chain reaction. Using another analogy, Clarke The researchers conducted experiments said, “Instead of taking an antioxidant to jump with a strain of yeast specially modified to in front of a bullet, you place bulletproof vests lack antioxidants. They found that colonies on the hydrogen atoms.” treated with normal, naturally occurring Although wild yeasts are resistant to oxi- PUFA died quickly, whereas those treated dation at room temperature, they do begin to with the deuterium-reinforced fatty acids dis- experience stress as the temperature rises. At played resilience on par with wild, unmodi- high temperatures, wild yeast colonies treated fied yeast. The replacement of a few hydrogen with deuterium-reinforced PUFA showed atoms with deuterium meant the difference much greater resilience than those treated in oily fish or in fish oil supplements—to between a rapid death and vigorous life for with unmodified fatty acids—a result that the yeast samples. indicates that even cells with integrated anti- treat depressed persons. The scientists “[We] tested fatty acids in yeast mutants oxidant mechanisms can benefit from the found that when used by itself, DHA that lacked the antioxidant coenzyme Q, addition of deuterium-enhanced fatty acids, (docosahexaenoic acid) did not appear where we know they are very sensitive to Clarke said. to help. On the other hand, DHA com- stress,” Clarke said. “What they showed is The research, federally funded by the US bined with EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) that when the yeast were treated with the iso- National Institutes of Health, appeared in Free did offer an improvement in depressive topically reinforced fatty acids, they were fine, Radical Biology and Medicine (doi: 10.1016/j. symptoms. but when the yeast were treated with stan- freeradbiomed.2010.10.690). nnn dard PUFA, 99% of them died in just four Here is a study that is specialized, to hours.” say the least. The outcome: Nutrition- “We tested the viability of yeast—with Mitochondrial damage ist Scott Smith of the Johnson Space the hydrogen atoms—that lacked the antioxi- Center in Houston, Texas, USA, says dant coenzyme Q, and our test showed that and diabetes astronauts worried about bone loss they were not able to survive,” said Shauna A new study led by researchers from Yale should eat more fish. With a typical Hill, lead author of the report. “However, School of Medicine shows that enhancing monthly bone mass loss while in orbit wild, normal yeast with coenzyme Q were activity of a gene in the mitochondria, the of between 1 and 1.5%, astronauts lose able to grow, and survived.” power plant of the cell, prevents damage that as much bone in a month as a meno- The researchers then replaced four can trigger type 2 diabetes. pausal woman does in a year. Smith’s hydrogen atoms with four deuterium Type 2 diabetes is an outgrowth of research showed strong ties between isotopes. insulin resistance. But the underlying mech- how much fish astronauts eat while “The difference was enormous,” Hill anism for the increased prevalence as persons in orbit and the amount of bone they said. “We were really surprised that the heavy age has been unknown until now. were able to preserve. The study was isotopes had such a drastic effect.” The Yale team found that overexpression presented at the American Astronauti- “Initially, I did not believe the results of the human catalase gene prevented mito- were correct,” said Beth Marbois, a UCLA cal Society meeting in Cape Canaveral, chondrial damage and an excessive buildup research chemist and co-author of the Florida, USA, in December 2010 and of muscle lipids, and preserved mitochon- research. “But they were.” appeared in the Journal of Bone and drial function in aging mice. This in turn pro- Yeast normally do not contain PUFA tected the aging mice from developing muscle Mineral Research (25:931–1192, 2010). but will absorb both the normal and the iso- nnn insulin resistance, which is the major underly- tope-reinforced fatty acids without prefer- ing factor that leads to type 2 diabetes. A study in Nutrition & Dietetics (67:182– ence when they are presented in solution, 189, 2010) compares the level of Previous studies by the Yale group had Hill and Marbois showed. shown that elderly individuals, even when omega-3 fatty acids in a number of Reinforced PUFA potentially could commercially available supplements healthy, had a 35% reduction in muscle mito- create membranes that are at least somewhat chondrial activity, associated with a 30% in Australia with manufacturers’ self- resilient to oxidative damage, Clarke said. increase in the fat content in muscle cells and reported omega-3 content information. After one PUFA molecule is damaged, severe muscle insulin resistance. According to Although the study was on supplements a chain reaction ensues as the adjacent fatty senior author Gerald I. Shulman, a professor available in Australia, the authors feel acids throughout the membrane become sim- of medicine and cellular and molecular phys- the findings will generalize because ilarly degraded. What was once a semi-per- iology: “This transgenic mouse study builds of the global nature of the industry. meable barrier that regulated cell function on our previous human studies and allowed “We observed a high level of congru- becomes a rigid lattice of cross-linked fatty us to directly test the hypothesis that age- ency between our experimental data acids that prevents the cell from achieving associated reductions in muscle mitochon- and disclosures by the manufacturers, its purpose—which could be anything from drial function can lead to intramuscular fat which tended to support current prac- synthesizing a protein to sending a signal to accumulation and insulin resistance—some- tice in pre-market assessment of com- the nervous system. thing that would be virtually impossible to do plementary medicines in Australia,” the Antioxidants are like a mop-up crew, researchers suggest. n Clarke said. After the hydrogen atoms are continued on page 118 Briefs inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) 87
In January, DuPont launched a new gen- eration of corn hybrids developed and Biotechnology News tested to help deliver a yield advan- tage in water-limited environments, allowing growers to minimize risk and maximize productivity. These hybrids will be offered to growers under the Optimum® AQUAmax™ brand name through DuPont business Pioneer Hi-Bred (Des Moines, Iowa, USA). The hybrids, introduced for planting in 2011, contain a collection of native corn traits that improve water access and utiliza- tion and deliver greater yields in water- limited conditions. The initial class of Optimum AQUAmax innovations will include five hybrid platforms across a range of maturities and technology packages. nnn In its last major grant before closing its doors, the Danforth Foundation will give $70 million to the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center (St. Louis, Missouri, USA); this funding will support the Danforth
Center’s endowment, the income from Weberich Fernando which will help fund the Danforth Cen- ter’s current research and launch phase 325,000 hectares will be planted with GM one of its anticipated expansion. The GM crop adoption varieties containing insect resistance technol- mission of the Donald Danforth Plant ogies, herbicide tolerance, or both technolo- Science Center, which was founded in rises in Brazil gies stacked. This last case, which represents 1998, is to “Improve the human condi- the first crop season using this stacked tech- tion through plant science.” Besides Three-quarters of the area in Brazil farmed with soybeans and more than half of the area nology, should reach 7.8% of the area with seeking to improve nutrition and feed cotton. the world’s hungry, Danforth Center planted with corn have used GM (geneti- cally modified) seeds in the 2010/11 season, researchers are working to develop according to a study performed by the con- renewable sources of energy and other sulting company Celeres. Celeres found Gene helps plants sustainable products that will preserve that three out of every four hectares planted and enhance the environment. with soybeans in Brazil in the 2010/11 crop use less water while nnn season were sown with GM seeds, as revealed Reuters reported in January that by their 2nd Monitoring of the adoption of preserving biomass researchers from Cambridge and Edin- agricultural biotechnology in Brazil. Consid- Researchers have found a genetic mutation burgh Universities had genetically mod- ering also the area cultivated with transgenic that allows a plant to better endure drought ified (GM) chickens in order to make summer corn seeds, winter corn, and cotton, without losing biomass. Plants can naturally them unable to transmit bird flu infec- this is the highest rate of adoption of trans- control the opening and closing of stomata, tions. The researchers reported that, genics in the history of the national agricul- the pores that take in carbon dioxide and although the GM chickens did sicken ture. And, according to Celeres, the trend will release water. During drought conditions, and die when exposed to the H5N1 continue in the future. a plant might close its stomata to conserve bird flu, they did not spread the virus In the case of soybeans, for the current water. By doing so, however, the plant also to other chickens. crop season Celeres forecasts that 18.1 reduces the amount of carbon dioxide it can “Preventing virus transmission in million hectares have been planted with trans- take in, which limits photosynthesis and chickens should reduce the economic genic herbicide-tolerant soybeans, which growth. impact of the disease and reduce the represents 76.2% of the total area sown with The research, entitled “The Arabidop- risk posed to people,” said Laurence the oilseed. GM corn crops should occupy sis GTL1 Transcription Factor Regulates Tiley, of Cambridge’s department of 1.22 million hectares—an area 45.5% larger Water Use Efficiency and Drought Toler- veterinary medicine, one of the lead than in the 2009/10 season. Out of this area, ance by Modulating Stomatal Density via researchers on the study. n 88 inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2)
Transrepression of SDD1,” was published in in low nitrogen environments. herbicide mode of action, which would The Plant Cell (22:4128–4141, 2010). The • Second-Generation Higher-Yield- enhance the flexibility for weed control research was conducted by Chan Yul Yoo, ing Soybeans (Advanced to Phase options available for canola growers. Heather E. Pence, Michael J. Gosney, Paul 2)—When stacked with the first-gen- M. Hasegawa, and Michael V. Mickelbart of eration soybean yield product and the Purdue University (West Lafayette, Indiana, higher yield opportunity of Genuity® Researchers use LCD USA); Jing Bo Jin of the Chinese Academy Roundup Ready 2 Yield®, this product is of Sciences (Beijing); and Kenji Miura of the designed to deliver improved yield com- light to control brains University of Tsukuba, Japan. pared with first-generation higher-yield- Their work found that a genetic muta- ing soybean varieties. in GM animals tion in the research plant Arabidopsis thaliana The Monsanto and BASF Plant Science Researchers from the Georgia Institute of reduces the number of stomata. But instead collaboration was initiated in 2007 to jointly Technology (Georgia Tech; Atlanta, USA) of limiting carbon dioxide intake, the gene develop traits to improve farm productivity have used inexpensive components from creates a beneficial equilibrium. and profitability in corn, soybeans, cotton, ordinary liquid crystal display (LCD) projec- “The plant can only fix so much carbon and canola. tors to control the brains and muscles of tiny dioxide. The fewer stomata still allow for the organisms, including freely moving worms. same amount of carbon dioxide intake as a CORN Red, green, and blue lights from a projector wild type while conserving water,” said Mick- • Roundup® Hybridization System activate light-sensitive microbial proteins that elbart. “This shows there is potential to reduce (Advanced to Phase 4)—The Roundup are genetically engineered into the worms, transpiration without a yield penalty.” Hybridization System (RHS) is designed allowing the researchers to switch neurons Mickelbart and Yoo used an infrared gas to replace detasseling in hybrid seed on and off like light bulbs and turn muscles analyzer to determine the amount of carbon corn production. on and off like engines. dioxide taken in and water lost in the Arabi- • Roundup Hybridization System II Use of the LCD technology to control mutant. Analysis showed that the plant dopsis , (Advanced to Phase 1)—The sec- small animals advances the field of optoge- which has a mutant form of the gene , GTL1 ond-generation Roundup Hybridiza- netics—a mix of optical and genetic tech- did not reduce carbon dioxide intake but did tion System II (RHS II) is designed to niques that has given researchers unparalleled have a 20% reduction in transpiration. The replace detasseling in hybrid seed corn control over brain circuits in laboratory plant had the same biomass as a wild type of production and increase seed yield in animals. Until now, the technique could be when its shoot dry weight was Arabidopsis production, further reducing the cost of used only with larger animals by placement measured. goods. of an optical fiber into an animal’s brain, or Of the 20 genes known to control required illumination of an animal’s entire stomata, SDD1 was highly expressed in the SOyBEANS body. mutant. SDD1 is responsible for regulat- The research was published in the • Dicamba-Tolerant Soybeans (Advanced ing the number of stomata on leaves. In the journal Nature Methods (doi: 10.1038/ mutant, with GTL1 not functioning, SDD1 is to Phase 4)—The addition of dicamba nmeth.1555). highly expressed, which results in the devel- tolerance to the Genuity Roundup “This illumination instrument sig- opment of fewer stomata. Ready 2 Yield soybean platform would nificantly enhances our ability to control, Mickelbart said the next step in the enable the use of dicamba and gly- alter, observe, and investigate how neurons, research is to determine the role of GTL1 in phosate for pre-plant burndown and muscles and circuits ultimately produce a crop plant. in-season weed control, resulting in an behavior in animals,” said Hang Lu, an asso- effective and high-yielding weed man- ciate professor in the School of Chemical & agement system. Biomolecular Engineering at Georgia Tech. Monsanto’s annual • Second-Generation Insect Protected Lu and graduate students Jeffrey Stirman Soybeans (Advanced to Phase 2)—This and Matthew Crane developed the tool with pipeline update pipeline product is the second genera- support from the National Institutes of tion of insect-protected soybeans using In January, Monsanto Co. (St. Louis, Mis- Health and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. Bt technology widely adopted in corn souri, USA) highlighted products in their The illumination system includes a mod- and cotton to control economically pipeline entering the next phase of develop- ified off-the-shelf LCD projector, which is significant insect pests in Brazil. This ment. The updates included: used to cast a multicolor pattern of light onto product would broaden the spectrum an animal. The independent red, green, and MONSANTO AND BASF PLANT of insect control and durability of the blue channels allow researchers to activate trait compared to the first-generation excitable cells sensitive to specific colors, SCIENCE COLLABORATION product. while simultaneously silencing others. • Nitrogen-Utilization Corn (Advanced “Because the central component of the to Phase 2)—Nitrogen-Utilization Corn CANOLA illumination system is a commercially avail- targets ways that corn plants can use • Dicamba-Tolerant Canola (Advanced able projector, the system’s cost and complex- nitrogen more efficiently, exploring the to Phase 1)—Dicamba tolerance, when ity are dramatically reduced, which we hope potential to boost yield under normal stacked with Roundup Ready® technol- will enable wider adoption of this tool by the nitrogen conditions or to stabilize yield ogy, is designed to add an additional research community,” explained Lu. inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) 89
as RoundUp—can cost time and money researchers have so far located 1.6 million Bomb-detecting plants? because the only real solution is for farmers sites on the maize genome where one indi- to plow them out of the field before they suf- vidual may vary from another, and they used Researchers at Colorado State University focate corn, soybeans, or cotton. Zhanyuan those sites to identify the genes related to (CSU; Fort Collins, USA) have modified Zhang, a research associate professor of plant changes in leaf angle that have allowed the plants to allow them to detect explosives, sciences and director of the University of planting of corn to a greater crop density. toxic chemicals, and air pollution. The work Missouri Plant Transformation Core facil- Yield increases have mostly resulted could eventually be used for a wide range of ity, partnered with research scientists at Dow from adaptations made to maize by breed- applications such as security in airports or AgroSciences, LLC, to engineer soybean ers so crops can be planted closer together. shopping malls, or monitoring for pollutants plants that can tolerate an alternative herbi- Along with changes in roots and nutrient such as radon in a home. cide that may help slow the spread of super- uptake that also play roles in increased crop “The idea to make detector plants weeds such as tall waterhemp. densities, the leaves of maize crop plants have comes directly from nature,” said CSU’s Using a genetic database and a bioinfor- become more upright to maintain access to June Medford. “Plants can’t run or hide from matic approach, Dow AgroSciences research- sunlight in crowded plots. threats, so they’ve developed sophisticated ers identified two bacterial enzymes that, The team of researchers found that systems to detect and respond to their envi- when transformed into plants, conferred natural mutations in genes that affect ronment. We’ve ‘taught’ plants how to detect resistance to the herbicide 2,4-D (2,4-dichlo- ligules—the first thick part of the leaf where things we’re interested in and respond in a rophenoxyacetic acid), commonly used in it wraps around the stalk—contributed to way anyone can see, to tell us there is some- controlling dandelions. The enzymes were more upright leaves. Also, the changes in leaf thing nasty around.” successfully put into corn and soybean plants, angle result from many small genetic effects “Plant sentinels engineered to detect and those new plants showed excellent resis- added together; while leaf angles may vary explosives may ultimately help us protect our tance to 2,4-D, including no negative effects from one maize variety to another by up to troops from improvised explosive devices on yield or other agronomic traits. Other 80°, the biggest effect from a single gene was (IED),” said Linda Chrisey, program officer advantages of 2,4-D include low cost, short only 1.5°. for the Naval Biosciences and Biocentric environmental persistence, and low toxicity “Although each gene and variant has a Technology Program at the Office of Naval to humans and wildlife. small effect, we can make very accurate pre- Research. The research—“Programmable “Unlike glyphosate, which targets amino dictions,” said Ed Buckler, the paper’s senior Ligand Detection System in Plants Through acid synthesis, 2,4-D is a hormone regula- author, a USDA-ARS research geneticist in a Synthetic Signal Transduction Pathway”— tor. Because it has a different mode of action, Cornell’s Institute for Genomic Diversity. appears in PLoS One (doi: 10.1371/journal. 2,4-D is an ideal herbicide to deal with gly- Lead authors include Feng Tian, a postdoc- pone.0016292). phosate-resistant weeds,” said Zhang, who toral researcher in Buckler’s lab, and Peter Medford and colleagues used a com- managed the soybean transformation portion Bradbury, a computational biologist with the puter program to redesign naturally occurring of the study and contributed to some of the USDA-ARS in Ithaca. proteins called receptors. These redesigned data analysis. The genome-wide association study receptors specifically recognize a pollutant Zhang believes that 2,4-D could be method allows researchers to examine a corn or explosive. Medford’s lab then modified combined with other herbicides in the near plant’s genome and predict a trait with 80% these computer-redesigned receptors to func- future. In the meantime, Zhang says an inte- accuracy. This would be analogous to predict- tion in plants, and targeted them to the plant grated weed management plan can help ing the height of a person by sequencing and cell wall where they can recognize pollutants farmers be productive and ultimately save analyzing their genes, or genotyping a seed to or explosives in the air or soil near the plant. money for the consumer. predict traits of the plant, said Buckler. The When the plant detects the substance, it acti- Study results were published in the the methodology may be applied to other traits, vates an internal signal that causes the plant Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences crops, and species, including animals. to change from green to white. (doi: 10.1073/pnas.1013154107). “This method will allow the intelligent Based on research so far, detection abil- design of maize around the world for high- ities of these plants are similar to or better density planting, higher yields, and disease than those of dogs, Medford said. The initial Technique allows resistance,” said Buckler. or first-generation plants respond to an explo- The study offers proof that variation sive in hours, but improvements are under researchers to identify in traits is the sum of many small effects in way to reduce the response time to a few genes, a hypothesis that has also been pro- minutes. key maize genes posed by some human geneticists. The study The study, led by researchers from Cornell appeared in Nature Genetics (doi: 10.1038/ University (Ithaca, New York, USA) and ng.746). Also in the same online issue, a com- Progress made in the US Department of Agriculture-Agri- panion paper by the same research team, but control of “superweeds” cultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) at led by those at USDA-ARS and North Car- Cornell and North Carolina State University olina State University, used the same tech- “Superweeds”—undesirable plants that (Raleigh), is the first to relate genetic varia- nique to identify key genes associated with can tolerate multiple herbicides, includ- tion across the entire maize genome to traits southern leaf blight in maize (doi:10.1038/ ing the popular glyphosate, also known in a genome-wide association study. The ng.747). n inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) 90 Briefs Surfactants, Detergents, Beiersdorf announced in December 2010 that it will pull out of the color cosmetics market in Germany to focus & Personal Care News instead on skin care. The company is based in Hamburg. nnn Denmark’s Novozymes has added gran- ulation capacity at its enzyme plant in Tianjin, China. As one of Novozymes’ three strategic production bases around the globe, the plant is capable of man- ufacturing various enzymes for the biofuel, food, brewing, and detergent industries. nnn Godrej Consumer Products Ltd. of Mumbai, India, has acquired the Swastik and Genteel brands for an undisclosed amount, according to a filing with the Bombay Stock Exchange. The Swastik line consists of two soap brands— Shikakai and Neem—whereas Genteel is the second-largest liquid detergent brand after Godrej’s Ezee. In the filing, Godrej said it had acquired a 100% stake in Naturesse Consumer Care Products (formers owner of the Swastik brand) and Essence Consumer Care Products research investigator at the U-M School of (former owner of Genteel). Can being too clean Public Health and first author on the paper. nnn Researchers also found that people age Procter & Gamble Pakistan (P&G) inau- make you sick? 18 and under with higher levels of triclosan gurated a new production facility for its Young people who are overexposed to were more likely to report diagnosis of aller- Ariel brand detergent at Port Qasim in antibacterial soaps containing triclosan gies and hay fever. December 2010. P&G has been in Paki- may suffer more allergies, and exposure to “The triclosan findings in the younger stan for two decades, according to the higher levels of bisphenol A (BPA) among age groups may support the ‘hygiene hypoth- country’s Daily Times newspaper. adults may negatively influence the immune esis,’ which maintains living in very clean and nnn system, a new University of Michigan School hygienic environments may impact our expo- Keya Detergent and Keya Soap, subsid- of Public Health (U-M; Ann Arbor, USA) sure to microorganisms that are beneficial for iaries of the Khaleque Group of Indus- study suggests. The study appeared in Envi- development of the immune system,” said tries in Bangladesh, will merge with a ronmental Health Perspectives (doi: 10.1289/ Allison Aiello, associate professor at the U-M third subsidiary, Keya Cosmetics Ltd. The ehp.1002883). School of Public Health and principal inves- amalgamation is subject to approval of Using data from the 2003–2006 National tigator on the study. shareholders, and subsequent sanction Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, As an antimicrobial agent found in of the High Court. U-M researchers compared urinary BPA and many household products, triclosan may nnn triclosan with cytomegalovirus (CMV) anti- play a role in changing the microorganisms An era is over: After creating and pro- body levels and diagnosis of allergies or hay to which persons are exposed in such a way ducing the first radio soap opera as fever in a sample of US adults and children that immune system development in child- an advertising vehicle for its cleaning over age 6. Allergy and hay fever diagnosis hood is affected. products, The Procter & Gamble Co. and CMV antibodies were used as two sepa- “It is possible that a person can be too (P&G; Cincinnati, Ohio, USA) is out of rate markers of immune alterations. clean for their own good,” said Aiello, who is the soap opera production business. “We found that people over age 18 with also a visiting associate professor of epidemi- The company’s Guiding Light television higher levels of BPA exposure had higher ology at Harvard. CMV antibody levels, which suggests their program was cancelled in 2009, and Previous animal studies indicate that cell-mediated immune system may not be BPA and triclosan may affect the immune continued on neXt page functioning properly,” said Erin Rees Clayton, system, but this is the first known study to inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) 91
As the World Turns stopped in Septem- look at exposure to BPA and triclosan as it Protection Agency announced then that ber 2010. The New York Times newspa- relates to human immune function, Aiello they were taking another look at triclosan, per reports P&G, which produced more said. whose use is so widespread that is found in than 20 soap operas over the decades, One surprise finding is that with BPA the urine of 75% of the population, accord- still advertises on daytime dramas but exposure, age seems to matter, said Rees ing to the US Centers for Disease Control will focus more energy collaring con- Clayton. In people 18 or older, higher and Prevention. sumers via YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, amounts of BPA were associated with higher and smart phone apps, among other CMV levels, but in people younger than 18 digital media. n the reverse was true. REACH moves ahead “This suggests the timing of the expo- November 30, 2010, was the deadline for sure to BPA and perhaps the quantity and registration of high-tonnage materials and length of time we are exposed to BPA may substances of concern under the European care products. The supplemental draft poli- be affecting the immune system response,” Commission’s REACH chemical regula- cies are subject to a 60-day comment period, Rees Clayton said. tion (EC 1907/2006). The regulation deals which ended on January 18, 2011. This is just the first step, she noted, but with the Registration, Evaluation, Autho- a very important one. Going forward, the rization, and Restriction of CHemical sub- researchers would like to study the long-term stances. Following the registration deadline, effects of BPA and triclosan in people to see if the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) they can establish a causal relationship. began the evaluation of ingredients. The reg- One limitation of the study is that it ulation requires all chemicals produced or measured disease and exposure simultane- imported into the European Union at quan- ously and thus shows only part of the picture, tities of more than one metric ton (MT) to Aiello said. be registered. A dossier must be prepared for “It is possible, for example, that individ- each substance, which is then sent to ECHA uals who have an allergy are more hygienic for evaluation before the relevant member because of their condition, and that the rela- state evaluates whether the substance poses a tionship we observed is, therefore, not causal threat to human health or the environment. or is an example of reverse causation,” Aiello As a first step during 2011, ECHA will said. publish the nonconfidential parts of the reg- The U-M study does not reflect “real- istration dossiers on its website and must world usage of a proven, beneficial product evaluate 5% of the dossiers before the next used safely and effectively on a daily basis,” deadlines in 2013 and 2018. Those deadlines California “Green according to the American Cleaning Institute apply to chemicals produced or imported in (ACI), a trade association based in Washing- quantities of between 100 and 1,000 MT and Chemistry” Rules ton, DC, USA. those between 1 and 100 MT, respectively. Officials of the US state of California have “This is speculation at its worst. The made “dramatic” changes to proposed regu- researchers do not provide data to show a lations for “safer consumer product alterna- problematic cause-and-effect from usage of EPA expands tives,” according to the American Cleaning antibacterial soap containing triclosan,” said Institute (ACI; Washington, DC, USA; for- Richard Sedlak, ACI’s senior vice president of Endocrine Disruptor merly the Soap and Detergent Association). Technical & International Affairs. But the rules still require more revisions to “Triclosan has been extensively Screening Program make them manageable and workable for reviewed, researched, and regulated for four In December 2010, the US Environmen- industry, consumers, and regulators alike, decades and is globally accepted as safe for tal Protection Agency (EPA) issued a list of ACI said. The Green Chemistry Alliance daily use,” he added. 134 additional chemicals to be tested under (of which ACI is a member) also praised the ACI also expressed disappointment at the agency’s Endocrine Disruptor Screen- Department of Toxic Substances Control how the researchers “hyped and distorted” ing Program (EDSP) for substances that may (DTSC) for streamlining the proposed rules the study’s conclusions in their attempts to affect the human hormonal system. and making them workable, but said “many market the research. “Unlike the actual pub- The 134 chemicals have been added serious problems remain unresolved or lished article, the researchers’ press release to the existing list of 67 chemicals, named merely deferred to a later time.” omits any mention of the serious limita- by EPA earlier in 2010 and now subject to In its December 3, 2010, comments to tions, lack of causal demonstration, and agency test orders. EPA also issued a draft set DTSC, ACI said it appreciated the depart- highly tentative nature of the conclusions in of supplemental policies and procedures for ment’s willingness to consider the Institute’s the study.” the EDSP to account for Safe Drinking Water previous comments and to simplify the reg- For its part, the US Food and Drug Act requirements. ulations. Still, there are sections of the rules Administration (FDA) said in April 2010 Among the 134 chemicals are a large that lack clarity or need further revision, that recent research raised “valid concerns” number of pesticides; industrial chemicals, including language governing “chemical about the possible health effects of triclo- such as plasticizers; and chemicals used in the and product information.” Further, the State san. The FDA and the US Environmental production of pharmaceutical and personal should provide an assessment to explain “the 92 inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2)
burdens the regulations place on the regu- penetrates fabrics 2.5 times faster than high- dishwasher parts. It was developed to perform lated community and how that will impact efficiency detergents, according to Samsung. in extreme conditions, especially under high manufacturers, both those based inside as “It also effectively provides thorough cleaning pH and high agitation, which typically gener- well as outside of the state, and subsequently to delicate fabrics like silk or wool with less ate excessive foam. The new silicone antifoam impact the California economy, environment damage than traditional washers, as the fine provides effective foam control throughout and public health in the state.” bubbles act as a cushion,” a company spokes- the entire dishwashing cycle with no notice- Meantime, in its December 3, 2010, person said. able buildup on dishes, the company says. comments, the Green Chemistry Alliance (GCA) acknowledged many of the post-hear- ing changes made by the department in an Dow Corning introduces SC Johnson begins attempt to make the proposal more stream- lined and workable. But GCA says, “One of antifoam product “green” ad campaign the largest continuing problems is a failure Dow Corning has introduced its GP 4503 Consumer products maker S.C. Johnson to more clearly enunciate the criteria and Powdered Antifoam technology, which it (Racine, Wisconsin, USA) has upped the process for consistently and systematically says enables formulation of detergents with ante for other manufacturers with an adver- identifying and prioritizing chemicals of foaming surfactants for automatic dish- tising campaign touting the company’s com- concern and priority products.” washing applications. Under current oper- mitment to disclose the ingredients of its ACI’s complete comments are available ating conditions, these foaming surfactants household cleaning products such as Glade, on its website at www.cleaninginstitute.org. produce significant amounts of foam, which Pledge, and Windex. can affect the efficiency of the cleaning The ads began during the US Thanksgiv- mechanism. ing holiday in late November 2010. The com- Samsung introduces “Until now, there hasn’t been an effective mercial then ran on family-friendly channels way to control foam levels,” said Yan Cortes, such as Hallmark and TLC before it moved new washing machine Dow Corning Household Care global market- online to high-profile sites such as CNN.com, South Korea’s Samsung Electronics has ing manager. “Surfactants that produce exces- marthastewart.com, and the like. introduced its new Eco Bubble front-loading sive foam slow the rotation of spray arms and The ads promise that the company will washing machine. reduce cleaning and spraying efficiency. The disclose all of its ingredients, “right down to The latest Bubble Care engine gener- new antifoam solves that problem.” the fragrances and dyes” by 2012. The infor- ates foam by dissolving detergent with air and Dow Corning® GP 4503 Powdered mation is being phased in on labels and will water before the normal cycle starts. Thus, Antifoam is formulated with a water-sol- also appear on the S.C. Johnson website liquid detergent is distributed evenly and uble carrier to limit residue on dishes and (www.scjohnson.com). n AOCS Career Services makes finding the perfect career or employee easier. www.aocs.org/goto/careers Inside AOCS inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) 93 People News/ In Memoriam
Inside AOCS DONALD F. KUEMMEL On August 3, 2010, Donald Kuemmel died in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, at the age of 82. He received his B.S. degree in 1950 and his M.S. in 1952 from Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wis- GOED appoints new head consin, USA. He earned his Ph.D. from Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA in 1956. of board of directors He was employed with the Procter & Gamble Co. in Cin- AOCS member Baldur Hjaltason, the strate- cinnati from 1955 until his retirement, working as a research gic business development and sales manager analytical chemist. Kuemmel joined AOCS in 1957, and pub- of EPAX (Aalesund, Norway), was named lished in both the Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society the new chair of the board of directors for and Lipids. the Global Organization for EPA and DHA He is survived by his wife Juanita, two sons, and one Omega-3 in late November 2010. GOED is an daughter. international association of processors, refin- ers, manufacturers, distributors, marketers, retailers, and supporters of products contain- ing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) polymers, solvents, and starches for industrial omega-3 fatty acids and consumer applications such as paints, plas- Hjaltason has more than two decades of experience in the tics, household cleaners, and pharmaceutical omega-3 industry, with expertise in the trends and science of the excipients. The company’s line of Evolution marine-based omega-3 category. He views his task as “to grow the Chemicals™, launched by the Industrial Chem- organization’s membership, provide education on the rapidly expand- icals group in 2009, includes biobased indus- ing omega-3 industry, and communicate the many health benefits of trial ingredients such as isosorbide, glycerin, these essential fatty acids.” and industrial ethanol. ADM is constructing a facility in Decatur, Illinois, to produce propylene and ethylene glycol from biobased Quencer returns to Dow renewable sources. The facility is expected to be fully operational by spring 2011. Lisa Quencer joined Dow Polyglycols, Surfactants & Fluids (PS&F), a business unit of The Dow Chemical Company (Midland, Michigan, USA), in November. In her new role, Quencer will be responsible for technical customer interactions in North America for surfactant- Kruse moves to Stratas Foods based products, driving growth in strategic applications with exist- Effective January 3, 2011, Tedd Kruse became chief executive officer ing and new products. In addition, she will also support new product of Stratas Foods, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. Stratas Foods LLC is a development. joint venture of Archer Daniels Midland Company (ADM; Decatur, She has extensive experience in the chemical industry, specifi- Illinois, USA), and ACH Food Companies, Inc., which is a subsidiary cally involving surfactants with emphasis on research and develop- of Associated British Foods. Stratas provides customers with service ment, technical services and development, change management, and and product innovation in edible oil and global sourcing. organizational leadership. She holds a Ph.D. in physical (surfactant) Kruse formerly was vice president of sweetener sales for ADM, chemistry from the University of Missouri-Rolla. Quencer is returning and before that was vice president of North American Foods oils to Dow after spending several years outside the chemical industry. (ADM). Bloom business director for CSIRO Research award for Industrial Chemicals at ADM omega-3 land plants On December 6, Archer Daniels Midland Co. (ADM; Decatur, Illi- The Omega-3 Land Plants Team (of the CSIRO in Australia) received nois, USA) announced the appointment of AOCS member Paul the CSIRO 2010 Research Achievement Medal in October 2010. This Bloom as business director, Industrial Chemicals. Bloom will be medal recognizes exceptional research of CSIRO scientists or teams. responsible for developing and commercializing renewable chemicals, The Omega-3 Land Plants Team received the award for and for managing the commercial activities of ADM’s industrial chem- research leading to the development of an alternative and sustainable icals business. At present ADM’s Industrial Chemicals group produces source of essential long-chain omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid and 94 inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2)
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) oils in canola. Kitessa, Anne Mackenzie, Adam White, • Craig Huss also has been named senior These omega-3 oils are important in a range Lijun Tian, Rob Defeyter, and Lindsay vice president. He continues to serve as of human health conditions including cardio- Adler. president, Agricultural Services. vascular disease, inflammatory disease, and • Joe Taets, vice president, has been brain function. The positive health effects of named president, Grain. long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, such as those New appointments • Mark Kokhorts has been appointed a found in fish oil, are widely known. corporate officer and named vice presi- The Food Futures Flagship Omega-3 at ADM dent and president Milling and Cocoa. Land Plants Team is developing an omega-3 Archer Daniels Midland (Decatur, Illinois, • Victoria Podesta, vice president, has DHA canola crop that will sustainably meet USA) has announced a number of manage- been named chief communications the growing demand for these important ment appointments, which became effective officer. oils. December 1, 2010. • Mike Baroni has been named vice presi- Team members named to the award • Mark Bemis has been named senior dent, Economic Policy. He most recently include AOCS members Surinder Singh, vice-president and president, Corn. Pre- served as president of the Corn business Peter Nichols, Allan Green, Mahinda viously, he served as vice-president and units. Abeywardena, and Chakra Wijesundera. president, Cocoa, Milling and Financial • Kris Lutt is now president, Milling. Others named in the award are James Petrie, Services. • Chris Boerm has been named advisor, Stan Robert, Xue-Rong Zhou, Matthew • Matt Jensen is now senior vice-presi- Office of the Chairman. Morell, Qing Liu, Pushkar Shrestha, Sue dent. He continues to serve as president, • Conrad Givers has been appointed vice Blackburn, Peter Mansour, Craig Wood, Global Oilseeds. president, Sweetener Sales. n Matthew Miller, Dion Frampton, Soressa
CALENDAR (CONTINUED FROM PAGE 65)
May 22–27, 2011. Bioenergy III: Present and New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. Informa- versity, Newport, Rhode Island, USA. New Perspectives on Biorefineries, Lanzar- tion: www.ift.org. Information: www.grc.org/programs. ote, Canary, Islands, Spain. Information: aspx?year=2011&program=athero. www.engconfintl.org/11aa.html. June 18, 2011. Sensory Evaluation of Olive Oil Short Course, Hilton Hotel, June 21–22, 2011. Enzymatic Processing and May 26–28, 2011. 10th Yeast Lipid Confer- İzmir, Turkey. Information: email: meet- Modification, Het Pand, Ghent University, ence, Oulu, Finland. Information: www. [email protected]; www.aocs.org/goto/ Belgium. Information: phone: +44 (0)20 yeastlipid2011.org. Turkey2011. 7598 1561; www.soci.org/General-Pages/ Display-Event?EventCode=OF107. May 26–28, 2011. China International Clean- June 18–19, 2011. Basics of Oilseed ing Industry Expo 2011, China National Con- Processing Short Course, Hilton Hotel, June 21–23, 2011. World vention Center, Beijing, China. Information: İzmir, Turkey. Information: email: meet- Conference on Oilseed www.clean-expo.com. [email protected]; www.aocs.org/goto/ Processing, Fats & Oils Pro- Turkey2011. cessing, Biofuels & Applica- tions, İzmir Hilton, İzmir, June June 19, 2011. Edible Oil Refinery and Turkey. Information: www.aocs.org/ Optimization and Maintenance Short goto/Turkey2011. June 5–9, 2011. 13th International Course, Hilton Hotel, İzmir, Turkey. Infor- Groupe Consultatif International de mation: email: [email protected]; June 21–23, 2011. 15th Annual Recherche sur le Colza (GCIRC), Prague www.aocs.org/goto/Turkey2011. Green Chemistry and Engineering Congress Centre, Prague, Czech Repub- Conference/5th International Confer- lic. Information: www.irc2011.org. June 19–21, 2011. Oils and ence on Green and Sustainable Chemis- Fats World Market Update try, Washington, DC, USA. Information: June 6–8, 2011. 8th World Surfactant 2011, İzmir Hilton, İzmir, www.gcande.org. Congress and Business Convention Turkey. Information: www. (CESIO 2011), Austria Center Vienna, aocs.org/goto/WorldMarket. June 27–30, 2011. BIO [Biotechnology Austria. Information: www.cesio2011. Industry Organization] International com. June 19–24, 2011. Atherosclerosis: Under- Convention, Walter E. Washington Con- standing the Pathophysiology and Iden- vention Center, Washington, DC, USA. June 11–15, 2011. Institute of Food Tech- tifying New Modes of Prevention, Gordon Information: http://convention.bio. nologists’ Annual Meeting and Expo, Research Conference, Salve Regina Uni- org. n Publications inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) 95
The second part on AOs starts with a very informative chapter Book Review on AO mechanisms, ranging from free radical inactivation to transi- tion metal chelation to the control of reactive oxygen species, such as singlet oxygen. The next two chapters discuss protein-based AOs Oxidation in Foods and Beverages and and other natural as well as synthetic AOs, with the emphasis on Antioxidant Applications. Volume 1: applications. Understanding Mechanisms of Oxidation and The book ends with three very useful chapters. The first considers Antioxidant Activity food structure and ingredients and their relationship to AO activity. E.A. Decker, R.J. Elias, and D.J. McClements (eds.) The next chapter examines a topic that has proven challenging to many Woodhead Publishing Ltd., 2010, 408 pages who are doing AO research, the accurate assessment of AO activ- ISBN 978-1-84569-648-1, $245. ity using the appropriate method. The authors discuss, for example, methods for assessing AO activity based on free radicals of biologi- cal relevance, synthetic free radicals, and radicals derived from lipid William Artz oxidation products. They present many of the assessment techniques developed and published during the The editors have selected an past decade or so. The book ends excellent group of authors. Most with a chapter on the effects of pro- cessing and storage on AO efficacy. are from Europe, but five of Processing, whether it is oil refining the 15 chapters are written by or thermal processing to produce a research scientists from the USA, particular food product, generally has some effect on AO activity, and the and one chapter is written by an effect can be substantial with some expert from Israel. The book (the processes. The book covers oxidation, first of two volumes) comprises particularly with respect to AOs, two parts: oxidation in foods extremely well. It offers substan- and beverages, and antioxidants tial advice on experimental design with regard to AO activity and effi- (AOs) in foods and beverages. It cacy examination, as well as examin- is a well-written and informative ing the effect of various AOs and AO mixtures on product quality during resource for those interested in storage. Each chapter is well refer- food lipid oxidation, particularly enced, with no less than 40 to more those interested in AOs and how than 150 references per chapter. I am sure I will refer to my copy often AOs can best be used to prevent during the next few years. or reduce oxidation. William Artz is a faculty member at The 15 chapters cover two main the University of Illinois, Urbana- themes: the mechanism of oxidation Champaign, USA with 25+ years of and AOs, and the measurement of the extent and rate of oxidation and AO experience in fats/oils chemistry and activity. The first chapter introduces analysis. He may be contacted at a wide range of topics, from reactive [email protected]. oxygen and nitrogen species to various AOs such as iodide, poly- phenols, and uric acid. The chapter includes an introductory section on AOs and antireductants. The very important topics of transition Inform is looking for additional book reviewers, including metals, transition metal-containing proteins and enzymes, and their reviewers from outside North America. If you are interested effects on lipid oxidation are well covered in three separate chapters. in reviewing one or more books, please send an email to the Singlet oxidation is covered in a separate chapter, with emphasis on book review editor (William Artz) at [email protected] and singlet oxygen chemistry and its effects on various food products, indicate your subject area of interest. An email request for the as well as selected compounds that have AO activity with respect to review with information about the text is sent to each reviewer, singlet oxygen. There are well written chapters on the flavor impact before any book is mailed out for review. Reviews are generally of oxidation, as well as the negative effects of oxidation on the nutri- expected three to four months later. After review submission, tional quality of fats/oils. The first part ends with chapters on the the books belong to the reviewer. AOCS provides a general various methods used to quantify the extent of lipid oxidation and the review guideline, available to each reviewer upon request. methods used to determine and predict food product shelf life. 96 inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2)
Patents Fungicide compositions Coleman, R.D., Summerdale Inc., US7741244, June 22, 2010 This invention relates to agricultural compositions that find par- Published Patents ticular use as a fungicide composition. The fungicide composition can include one or more fatty acids and one or more organic acids dif- ferent from the fatty acid. The organic acid can but need not exhibit any fungicidal activity; however, when combined with a fatty acid, This month’s column has the additional feature of a listing of patent the organic acid functions as a potent synergist for the fatty acid as a “Family members” for the majority of US patents listed here. Patent fungicide. Additionally, the fungicide composition can include other family members include non-US issued patents as well as US and components such as emulsifiers, adjuvants, surfactants, and diluents. non-US patent application publications. The first two letters indicate The fungicide composition significantly reduces or prevents the fungal the country code; a list of country codes can be found in many places, infection of cash crops including vegetables, fruits, berries, seeds, including the World Intellectual Property Organization at www.wipo. grains, and at higher application rates, can also be used as a harvest int/pct/guide/en/gdvol1/annexes/annexk/ax_k.pdf. aid or desiccant for harvested crops such as potatoes. Patent family members: AU2003202265 AA, US2004266852 AA, US2007249699 AA, US7741244 BB, US7820594 BB, WO03059063 Process for converting a hydroxycarboxylic acid A1 or salts thereof to an unsaturated carboxylic acid and/or its esters Animal litter, process for preparing animal litter, Bogan Jr., L., et al., Rohm and Haas Co., US7754916, July 13, 2010 and method of removal of animal waste A process for converting a salt of a hydroxycarboxylic acid to an Wang, L., et al., Grain Processing Corp., US7757638, July 20, 2010 unsaturated carboxylic acid, or esters thereof. The process involves Disclosed is an animal litter that includes a palm oil residue, pos- converting an ammonium salt of a hydroxycarboxylic acid in aqueous sibly in combination with another absorbent material such as whole solution to a corresponding hydroxycarboxylic acid and ammonium ground grain, virgin germ, seed meal, spent germ, or clay. The palm cation in aqueous solution; and separating the ammonium cation from oil residue may be palm kernel cake, palm oil sludge, or palm pressed the aqueous solution, leaving the hydroxycarboxylic acid in aqueous fiber. Also disclosed are a method for removing animal waste and solution. The converting and separating steps may be accomplished by a process for preparing an animal litter. The method for removal of employing a hydrophobic acid or an acid ion exchange resin each of animal waste includes allowing an animal to excrete waste into a con- which must have an acid dissociation constant, i.e., pK , at least 0.5 less a tainer that includes a litter, the litter comprising a palm oil residue. that that of the salt of the hydroxycarboxylic acid. Where a hydropho- The process for preparing an animal litter comprises combining the bic acid is used, it must be immiscible in water, and its salt must also materials that make up the litter to form the litter. be immiscible in water, and the resulting multiphase solution com- Patent family members: CA2653395 AA, EP2023714 prises an aqueous phase comprising the corresponding hydroxycar- A2, JP2009539382 T2, US2007277739 AA, US7757638 BB, boxylic acid, as well as a nonaqueous phase comprising a neutralized WO07146623 A2, WO07146623 A3 acid. Alternatively, where the ion exchange resin is used the aqueous solution of the ammonium salt of a hydroxycarboxylic acid is con- tacted with the resin, thereby converting the salt to a hydroxycarbox- Dry fractionation method for fat ylic acid and capturing the ammonium cations on the resin. In either Kuwabara, Y., et al., Fuji Oil Co. Limited, US7767241, August 03, case, the aqueous solution is treated, such as by heating, to separate 2010 and recover the hydroxycarboxylic acid. The nonaqueous phase or It is intended to provide a dry fractionation method for fat resin is treated to separate and recover ammonia useful for preparing whereby the performance for fractionating a fat into a high-melting additional ammonium salt of a hydroxycarboxylic acid. fraction, a medium-melting fraction, and a low-melting fraction can be improved, thereby preventing in particular the medium-melting Process for improving enzymatic degumming of fraction from worsening of the melting properties in the mouth and a decrease in the melting point with the passage of time and, in its vegetable oils and reducing fouling of turn, improving the melting properties in the mouth of a chocolate product which is produced by using the thus obtained hard butter downstream processing equipment for chocolates, etc. A method of fractionating a fat wherein a frac- Dayton, C.L.G., et al., Bunge Oils Inc., US7713727, May 11, 2010 tion (in particular, a medium-melting fraction) obtained by dry frac- A process controls enzymatic degumming characteristics which tionation is efficiently separated from a high-melting fraction and a cause fouling of postreactor equipment of industrial-scale processing low-melting fraction mixed therewith. More specifically, a dry frac- of edible oils. An antifouling agent including an organic or mineral tionation method which comprises heating a crystal fraction con- acid is added after the reactor and before any postreactor equipment taining a large amount of 1,3-disaturated-2-unsaturated triglycerides such as heat exchangers and centrifuges. Typically the antifouling to thereby melt the 1,3-disaturated-2-unsaturated triglyceride com- agent is added at greater than about 100 ppm of the oil, and typically ponents followed by solid/liquid separation of trisaturated triglycer- the pH of the aqueous phase of the oil is between about 3.5 and 4.2. ides as a crystal fraction, thereby achieving a favorable performance Publications inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) 97
of fractionating 1,3-disaturated-2-unsaturated triglycerides and satu- The compositions of the invention provide several benefits including rated triglycerides. prevention and alleviation of skin irritations associated with the use Patent family members: AU2003266689 AA, EP1548094 A1, of absorbent articles. The compositions can include hydrophilic and EP1548094 A4, JP2004123839 A2, JP4534986 B2, US2006165867 nonaqueous components as well as extracted botanical actives. AA, US7767241 BB, WO2004029185 A1, WO05028601 A1 Patent family members: AR068067 AA, DE60141346 D1, EP1345632 A2, EP1345632 B1, KR100926397 B1, KR20030068190 A, MXPA02000044 A1, MXPA03005200 A1, US2002120242 AA, Production method of oil or fat containing US2002136755 AA, US2003206979 AA, US6749860 BB, US7771735 polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing BB, WO02051456 A2, WO02051456 A3 triglyceride Phytosterol compositions Akimoto, K., et al., Suntory Holdings Limited, US7767427, August 3, 2010 Wester, I., and J. Ekblom, Raisio Nutrition Ltd., US7771771, August The present invention relates to a production method of an oil 10, 2010 containing triglyceride in which medium-chain fatty acids are bound This invention relates to phytosterols and phytostanols, in partic- to the 1- and 3-positions of the triglyceride and polyunsaturated fatty ular to fatty acid esters of phytosterols and phytostanols with a speci- acid is bound to the 2 position by allowing lipase, which specifically fied fatty acid composition. The invention further relates to methods acts on ester bonds at the 1- and 3-positions that has been immobilized for preparation of the phytosterol and phytostanol esters and their on a porous ion exchange resin support having a pore size of about 100 uses. Angstroms or more, to act on a mixture of medium-chain fatty acids Patent family members: AT236535 E, AU199939349 A1, and raw material oil containing at least one polyunsaturated fatty acid AU758747 B2, BRPI9910248 A, CA2332000 AA, CA2332000 C, selected from the group consisting of ω-6 series polyunsaturated fatty DE69906719 D1, DE69906719 T2, DE69906719 T3, DK1075191 acid having 18 or more carbon atoms and 3 or more double bonds and T3, DK1075191 T4, EP1075191 A1, EP1075191 B1, EP1075191 B2, ω-9 series polyunsaturated fatty acid having 18 or more carbon atoms ES2197640 T3, ES2197640 T5, FI111513 B, FI981011 A, FI981011 and 2 or more double bonds but not containing ω-3 series polyunsatu- A0, JP2002513079 T2, NZ508578 A, PT1075191 T, US2004047969 rated fatty acid, oils, and fats or triglycerides obtained by that method, AA, US2005079258 AA, US6589588 BA, US6800317 BB, US7771771 and the use of the oils and fats or triglycerides in a food, beverage or BB, WO9956558 A1 pharmaceutical composition. Patent family members: AT457357 E, AU2002311326 BB, Fat compositions for use in food CA2452401 AA, CN100523206 C, CN101037641 A, CN1522301 A, DE60235303 D1, DK1411129 T3, EP1411129 A1, EP1411129 Wester, I., Raisio Nutrition Ltd.; Raisio Benecol Ltd., US7771772, A4, EP1411129 B1, KR20040030787 A, US2004171127 AA, August 10, 2010 US2009076149 AA, US7538238 BB, US7767427 BB, WO03004667 A1 Fatty acid esters, such as the unsaturated fatty acid esters of sterols and/or stanols, are used as a replacement for a substantial portion or all of the undesirable saturated and trans-unsaturated fats used as Koji mold-origin phospholipase A2 structure-giving hardstocks in edible foods such as margarines, may- Kitamoto, K., et al., National Institute of Technology and Evaluation; onnaise, cooking oils, cheeses, butter, and shortening. Because of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology; similarity in the crystallinity and physical properties of the esters to National Research Institute of Brewing, US7763444, July 27, 2010 those of the undesirable hardstock fats, the substitution or replace- ment contributes favorably to the flavor, texture, and other sensory It is intended to provide koji mold-origin phospholipase A2 and a properties of the foods. Only the fatty acid portion of the phytosterol DNA encoding it. Namely, phospholipase A2 comprising the following protein (i) or (ii): (i) a protein having an amino acid sequence rep- esters defined herein as texturizing agent is digested or absorbed, with resented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2; and (ii) a protein having an amino the sterol part being unabsorbable, thereby resulting in a reduction acid sequence derived from an amino acid sequence represented by in total caloric uptake. Furthermore, the phytosterol fatty acid esters SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 by a partial modification and serving as phos- reduce the absorption of both dietary and biliary cholesterol from the digestive tract, thereby lowering the blood serum cholesterol level, pholipase A2. Patent family members: US2009263888 AA, US7763444 BB, especially the LDL-cholesterol. WO04078967 A1 Patent family members: AT341214 E, AU199748699 A1, AU736020 B2, AU736020 C, BRPI9712869 A, BRPI9712869 B1, CA2271676 AA, CA2271676 C, CN1101655 C, CN1239407 A, Absorbent articles with compositions for CZ298783 B6, CZ9901586 A3, DE69736783 D1, DE69736783 reducing irritation response T2, EE04699 B1, EE9900172 A, EP1011343 A1, EP1011343 B1, EP1762146 A1, ES2274538 T3, HU0001806 AB, HU0001806 Dvoracek, B.J., and D.J. Tyrrell, Kimberly Clark Worldwide, Inc., AC, HU1806 U, HU71136 A2, HU9400712 A0, HU9700203 U0, US7771735, August 10, 2010 IL129749 A0, IL129749 A1, JP2001503623 T2, JP2008073058 The present invention relates to compositions and absorbent A2, JP4105234 B2, NO314822 B1, NO992086 A, NO992086 articles including compositions for protecting the skin barrier. The A0, NZ335801 A, PL188845 B1, PL333141 A1, RU2202895 compositions can be applied to the bodyfacing surfaces of absorbent C2, SI1011343 T1, SK286008 B6, SK60299 A3, UA69378 C2, articles so that the compositions come into contact with the skin. 98 inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2)
US2003175402 AA, US2004219277 AA, US2007071875 AA, were emulsified under anionic, cationic, and nonionic conditions, pro- US6162483 A, US6929816 BB, US7771772 BB, WO9819556 A1, ducing emulsions having a solids content up to about 45% solids. The ZA9709903 A emulsions are stable, and are characterized by having an average par- ticle size less than 1,000 nanometers. When used to coat fibrous cel- lulosic articles, such as paperboard, the emulsions’ performance was Process for enzymatic production of triglycerides similar to emulsions containing petroleum-derived waxes. The inven- Galante, J.H., et al., Stepan Co., US7759096, July 20, 2010 tive waxes have a low iodine value (between 2–5) and melting points A process for enzymatic production of glyceride compositions, between approximately 120–200°F (49–94°C) (Mettler drop point). specifically industrially practicable production of triglycerides, includ- The inventive waxes are used as an alternative to petroleum-derived, or ing conjugated linoleic and linolenic acid triglycerides, and the com- expensive naturally occurring waxes in the manufacture of emulsions positions produced by such process. An enzymatic reaction zone is used in coatings, polishes, adhesives, paper products, paperboard, and first utilized, in which a mixture of glycerol and fatty acids or fatty other manufacturing operations. acid derivatives is reacted in the presence of an enzymatic catalyst to Patent family members: CA2519163 AA, DE602004020878 form 1,3-diglycerides. The mixture is then circulated through a second D1, EP1608707 A1, EP1608707 B1, ES2322853 T3, JP2006521448 thermal rearrangement zone, maintained at a higher temperature, to T2, US2006289138 AA, US2007068642 AA, US7267743 BB, promote rearrangement of the 1,3-diglycerides to 1,2-diglycerides. US7776928 BB, WO04083310 A1, WO04083310 B1, WO08061003 Triglycerides are produced by recirculating the mixture through the A1, WO08061003 B1 enzymatic production zone. Patent family members: EP1749099 A2, US2009131701 AA, US7759096 BB, WO05081669 A2, WO05081669 A3 Inverse emulsion polymer and method of use thereof Vegetable oil lubricating composition Strominger, M.G., et al., Nalco Co., US7776958, August 17, 2010 The present invention provides an inverse emulsion polymer Stunkel, B., and G.A. Aguilar, R.T. Vanderbilt Co., Inc., US7772168, having a dispersed phase composed of an aqueous solution of an August 10, 2010 acrylic polymer and a continuous phase composed of an ester of a A lubricating composition includes, in weight percentage, at fatty acid and a water-soluble alcohol. The present invention further least 90% of a vegetable oil, and an additive composition includ- includes a method of water treatment which includes adding the ing: (i) about 1.5–2% triphenylphosphorothionate (TPPT), (ii) inverse emulsion polymer to an industrial water system and hydro- about 0.1–3% hindered phenolic antioxidant, (iii) about 0.05–0.25% lyzing the ester of a fatty acid and a water-soluble alcohol into a fatty 1-[di(phenyl)aminomethyl]tolutriazole, and (iv) about 0.05–0.5% acid salt. The inverse emulsion polymer may be used as a flocculant alkyl succinic acid half ester rust inhibitor. to clarify industrial water systems at elevated temperature and/or ele- Patent family members: EP2121880 A2, EP2121880 A4, vated pressure and high pH. US2008132434 AA, US7772168 BB, WO08067430 A2, WO08067430 Patent family members: AU2005259987 AA, BRPI0512825 A, A3 CN1980960 A, EP1765876 A1, EP1765876 A4, IN03945KN2006 A, KR20070061483 A, RU2007103352 A, RU2384589 C2, Whippable food product with improved stability US2006004130 AA, US7776958 BB, WO06004745 A1 Perks, C., et al., Rich Products Corp., US7776376, August 17, 2010 A whippable food product having improved stability character- Lubricant base from palm oil and its by-products istics without detectable change in the organoleptic characteristics is Kian, Y.S.., et al., Malaysian Palm Oil Board, US7781384, August 24, provided. The product comprises triglyceride fat, one or more sugars, 2010 and an emulsifier component comprising destabilizing and stabilizing The invention relates to a biodegradable functional fluid compo- emulsifiers in amounts sufficient to stabilize the product. This product sition based on vegetable oil. This functional fluid, which is suitable can be stored at ambient temperatures for extended periods of time for lubricant, hydraulic and like fluid, comprises palm olein and its by- and can also be whipped and displayed at ambient temperatures. product generated from fractionation of palm oil. The by-product is Patent family members: BRPI0410208 A, CA2525765 AA, esterified by a hindered alcohol prior to blending together with palm CN1787746 A, EP1628538 A2, EP1628538 A4, IN04927DN2005 A, olein and additive packages. The hydraulic fluid is particularly suited IN243994 B, JP2007500516 T2, KR20060028387 A, MXPA05012122 for tropical climate with temperature ranging from 15–40°C. A1, RU2005138856 A, RU2335133 C2, TW200509804 A, Patent family members: EP1533360 A1, SG112024 A1, US2004265468 AA, US2008131576 AA, US7351440 BB, US7776376 US2005112267 AA, US7781384 BB BB, WO04103088 A2, WO04103088 A3, ZA200508834 A Wax emulsion coating applications Lipophilic-coated microparticle containing a Borsinger, G., and A. Hassan, HRD Corp., US7776928, August 17, protein drug and formulation comprising same 2010 Kim, M.-J., et al., LG Life Sciences, Limited, US7785625, August 31, Waxes prepared from hydrogenated plant oils, such as castor, 2010 palm, and soybean, are used to prepare water-based emulsions. The A solid lipophilic microparticle having an average particle size inventive waxes, obtained from naturally derived, renewable resources ranging from 0.1 to 200 μm, comprising a lipophilic substance, Publications inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) 99 hyaluronic acid, or an inorganic salt thereof and an active ingredi- Process for obtaining an oil composition and the ent selected from the group consisting of a protein or peptide drug, retains the full activity of the active ingredient; and when formulated oil composition obtained therefrom in the form of an oil dispersion or oil-in-water emulsion, it releases in Siew, W.L.,, et al., Malaysian Palm Oil Board, US7785645, August an in vivo environment the active ingredient in a controlled manner 31, 2010 over a long period. The present invention relates to a process of producing an oil Patent family members: US2003064105 AA, US2005158392 composition by blending and fractionation steps and the oil compo- AA, US7785625 BB sition obtained therefrom. The invention is directed to any vegetable oils such as palm oil, palm olein, or palm stearin blends with unsatu- Preparation and administration form comprising rated oils of soybean, corn, canola, rapeseed, sunflower oil, where the oleic content is more than 20% and the linoleic and linolenic contents an acid-labile active compound are more than 30%. The new liquid oil is clear and is used as salad oils, Dietrich, R., and R. Linder, Nycomed GmbH, US7785630; cooking oils, etc. The stearins from such blends are of use in margarine US7790198; US7794752, August 31, 2010; September 7, 2010; Sep- and shortenings. tember 14, 2010 Patent family members: CN100475048 C, CN1547929 A, Three separate patents: Novel administration forms and prepara- HK1069076 A1, JP2004329204 A2, JP4447894 B2, US2004224071 tion for acid-labile active compounds are described. The novel admin- AA, US7785645 BB istration forms contain individual active compound units, the active compound being present in the active compound units in a matrix Modified vegetable oil-based polyols made of a mixture comprising at least one fatty alcohol and at least one solid paraffin, in a matrix made of a mixture of a triglyceride and Petrovic, Z.S., et al., Pittsburg State University, US7786239, August at least one solid paraffin or in a matrix made of a mixture comprising 31, 2010 at least one fatty acid ester and at least one solid paraffin. In particu- Methods of making unsaturated modified vegetable oil-based lar, the active compound units are microspheres which can be pro- polyols are described. Also described are methods of making oli- duced by prilling. gomeric modified vegetable oil-based polyols. An oligomeric com- Patent family members: AT300285 E, AU200050741 A5, position having a modified fatty acid triglyceride structure is also AU775995 B2, BG106165 A, BRPI0011347 A, CA2376202 AA, described. Also, methods of making a polyol including hydroform- CA2376202 C, CN1361683 A, CZ20014405 A3, DE60021570 D1, ylation and hydrogenation of oils in the presence of a catalyst and DE60021570 T2, DK1187601 T3, EA005803 B1, EE200100660 support are described. A, EP1187601 A1, EP1187601 B1, EP1616562 A1, ES2246238 T3, Patent family members: AR054970 AA, AU2005267131 AA, HR20020006 A2, HU0201637 AB, HU0201637 AC, IL146504 A0, BRPI0512511 A, CA2571214 AA, CN101014583 A, EP1797057 IL146504 A1, JP2003501377 T2, MXPA01012659 A1, NO20015980 A1, IN04769CN2006 A, JP2008504287 T2, MX2007000022 A, NO20015980 A0, PL352882 A1, PT1187601 T, SI1187601 T1, A1, US2006041157 AA, US2010311992 AA, US7786239 BB, SK200101802 A5, SK285247 B6, TR200103527 T2, US2006127477 WO06012344 A1, ZA200610662 A AA, US2008069882 AA, US7785630 BB, US7790198 BB, US7794752 BA, WO0074654 A1, ZA200110000 A Edible compositions for lowering cholesterol Wester, I., et al., Raisio Nutrition Ltd., US7794745, September 14, Robust multi-enzyme preparation for the 2010 synthesis of fatty acid alkyl esters The present invention is related to improved compositions for reducing serum total and/or LDL cholesterol levels. The composi- Basheer, S., et al., Transbiodiesel Ltd., US7790429, September 7, tions are combinations of dietary fiber and plant sterol. The compo- 2010 sitions are used as such or more advantageously in food products and A process for the preparation of short-chain alkyl esters of fatty comprise one or several fibers, preferably βʹ-glucan, in combination acids, preferably fatty acid methyl esters (biodiesel) in solvent-free with one or several plant sterols and/or stanols in their free and/or system is disclosed. In particular, the process comprises (i) providing esterified forms. a fatty acid source, (ii) stepwise adding a short-chain free alcohol, pref- Patent family members: AU2002246174 BB, CA2442118 AA, erably methanol, or any other alcohol donor, to said fatty acid source EP1377181 A1, FI20010780 A0, JP2004519254 T2, JP2010183924 in the presence of a lipase preparation, and (iii) allowing the reaction A2, JP4562352 B2, US2004131657 AA, US2010298261 AA, to proceed under suitable conditions, until said fatty acid source tri- US7794745 BB, WO02082929 A1, ZA200308718 A n glycerides are converted to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). The lipase preparation comprises at least two lipases. The two lipases being sep- arately or jointly immobilized on a suitable support and wherein at least one of the lipases has increased affinity for partial glycerides and at least one of the lipases is sn-1,3 positional specific. Patent information is compiled by Scott Bloomer, Patent family members: AU2008331092 AA, CA2706972 a registered US patent agent with Archer Daniels AA, EP2225385 A2, IN01124MN2010 A, KR20100098421 A, Midland Co., Decatur, Illinois, USA. Contact him MX2010005841 A1, US2009133322 AA, US2010330629 AA, at [email protected]. US7790429 BB, WO09069116 A2, WO09069116 A3 100 inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2)
with the therapeutic value of the tocopherols double bonds. VLC-PUFA was always in the Extracts & grows, the potential of these novel vitamin E sn-1 position while PUFA at the sn-2 position analogs awaits further investigation. was exclusively docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3). Most of these VLC-PUFA-con- Identification and quantification of taining dipolyunsaturated PCs were detected Distillates phosphatidylcholines containing and quantified in human retinas. The quanti- tative analysis of the different PC molecular very-long-chain polyunsaturated species was performed in the positive mode fatty acid in bovine and human using precursor ion scanning of m/z 184 and Lipidomics era: Accomplishments retina using liquid chromatography/ 14:0/14:0-PC and 24:0/24:0-PC as inter- nal standards. The relationship between the and challenges tandem mass spectrometry mass spectrometric peak intensities of differ- Khalil, M.B., et al., Mass Spectrom. Rev. Berdeaux, O., et al., J. Chromatogr. A ent PC species and their carbon chain length 29:877–929, 2010. 1217:7738–7748, 2010. was included for calibration. The main com- Lipid mediators participate in signal The retina is one of the vertebrate tissues pounds represented were those having VLC- transduction pathways, proliferation, apop- with the highest content in polyunsaturated PUFA with 32 carbon atoms (C32:3, C32:4, tosis, and membrane trafficking in the cell. fatty acids (PUFA) A large proportion of C32:5, and C32:6) and 34 carbon atoms Lipids are highly complex and diverse owing retinal phospholipids, especially those found (C34:3, C34:4, C34:5, and C34:6). Dipoly- to the various combinations of polar head in photoreceptor membranes, are dipolyun- unsaturated PCs with 36:5 and 36:6 were groups, fatty acyl chains, and backbone struc- saturated molecular species Among them, detected but in smaller quantities. In conclu- tures. This structural diversity continues to dipolyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine (PC) sion, this new HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method pose a challenge for lipid analysis. Here we molecular species are known to contain very is sensitive and specific enough to structur- review the current state of the art in lipido- long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC- ally characterize and quantify all molecular mics research and discuss the challenges PUFA) from the n-3 and n-6 series having PC species including those esterified with facing this field. The latest technological VLC-PUFA. This technique is valuable for 24–36 carbon atoms (C24–C36) and four developments in mass spectrometry, the role to six double bonds Recent interest in the a precise characterization of PC molecular of bioinformatics, and the applications of lipi- role played by VLC-PUFA arose from the species containing VLC-PUFA in retina and domics in lipid metabolism, cellular physiol- findings that a protein called elongation of may be useful for a better understanding of ogy, and pathology are also discussed. very-long-chain fatty acids 4 (ELOVL4) is the pathogenesis of STD3. involved in their biosynthesis and that muta- Tocotrienols, the vitamin E of the tions in the ELOVL4 gene are associated with Optimization of standard gas 21st century: Its potential against Stargardt-like macular dystrophy (STD3), a chromatographic methodology for dominantly inherited juvenile macular degen- cancer and other chronic diseases eration leading to vision loss The aim of the the determination of trans fat in Aggarwal, B.B., et al., Biochem. Pharmacol. present study was to develop an HPLC-ESI- unlabeled bakery products 80:1613–1631, 2010. MS/MS [high-performance liquid chroma- Phillips, K.M., et al., Food Anal. Methods Initially discovered in 1938 as a “fertil- tography–electrospray ionization–tandem 3:277–294, 2010. ity factor,” vitamin E now refers to eight dif- mass spectrometry] method for the structural Analytical parameters and quality ferent isoforms that belong to two categories: characterization and the quantification of control measures were optimized for stand- four saturated analogs (α, β, γ, and δ) called dipolyunsaturated PC molecular species con- ard direct gas chromatographic (GC) analy- tocopherols and four unsaturated analogs taining VLC-PUFA and validate this meth- sis of trans fat in unlabeled bakery products, referred to as tocotrienols. While the tocoph- odology on retinas from bovines and human and differences in concentrations meas- erols have been investigated extensively, little donors Successful separation of phosphati- ured in samples assayed with and without is known about the tocotrienols. Very limited dylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phos- the modifications were evaluated. Total lipid studies suggest that both the molecular and phatidylserine, PC, lyso-phosphatidylcholine, was extracted with chloroform/methanol therapeutic targets of the tocotrienols are and sphingomyelin was achieved using a from homogenized cakes, cookies, dough- distinct from those of the tocopherols. For silica gel column and a gradient of hexane/ nuts, pastries, muffins, and commercially instance, suppression of inflammatory tran- isopropanol/water containing ammonium available reference materials (NIST SRM scription factor NF-κB [nuclear factor-kap- formate as a mobile phase. A complete struc- 2387 Peanut Butter, LGC7103 Sweet Diges- paB], which is closely linked to tumorigenesis tural characterization of intact PC species tive Biscuit). Total lipid was saponified, and inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, mam- was obtained by collision-induced dissocia- and fatty acids were derivatized to methyl malian DNA polymerases, and certain protein tion (CID) in the negative mode. Fatty acid esters (FAME) and analyzed by GC using a tyrosine kinases, is unique to the tocotrienols. composition and distribution can be clearly 100% nonbonded bis-cyanopropyl polysi- This review examines in detail the molecular assigned based on the intensity of sn-2/sn-1 loxane column (100 m × 0.25 mm, 0.2 μm targets of the tocotrienols and their roles in fragment ions The PC species were charac- film). Total FAME entering GC were opti- cancer, bone resorption, diabetes, and cardio- terized on bovine retina, 28 of which were mized to separate C18:1-12t and C18:1-13t vascular and neurological diseases at both pre- dipolyunsaturated PC species containing isomers that occur at a significant level but one VLC-PUFA (C –C ) with three to six clinical and clinical levels. As disappointment 24 36 often remain unresolved from the C18:1-9c Publications inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) 101
peak in products containing partially hydro- this work represents the first UHPLC-MS/ precursors for lipid and membrane synthesis, genated vegetable oils. Silver-ion solid-phase MS-based method that combines both free or mediators in cell signaling processes. Con- extraction was used to validate identifica- and total EPA and DHA with a relatively sistent with its central importance in lipid tion of the major C18:1 cis/trans peaks. For small sample volume (25 μL aliquot) and a and energy homeostasis, lipolysis occurs samples assayed by the standard method run time of 1.5 min, facilitating automation in essentially all tissues and cell types; it is and with specific sample-to-sample quality and high throughput analysis. most abundant, however, in white and brown control and GC optimization, the former adipose tissue. Over the last five years, impor- underestimated trans fat by 2 to 5 g/100 g Oxysterols: A world to explore tant enzymes and regulatory protein factors (0.2–0.6 g/serving) in some products. Dif- involved in lipolysis have been identified. ferences were less for foods containing <1 Otaegui-Arrazola, A., et al., Food Chem. These include an essential TAG hydrolase g/100 g, but nonetheless could have impli- Toxicol. 48:3289–3303, 2010. named adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) cations for labeling because trans fat levels Oxysterols (oxidized derivatives of cho- [annotated as patatin-like phospholipase <0.5 g/serving may be declared zero accord- lesterol and phytosterols) can be generated in domain-containing protein A2], the ATGL ing to US Food and Drug Administration the human organism through different oxi- activator comparative gene identification-58 regulations. The practical modifications and dation processes, some requiring enzymes. [annotated as α/β hydrolase containing controls described can be implemented in Furthermore, oxysterols are also present in protein 5], and the ATGL inhibitor G0/G1 routine standard GC analysis to increase the food due to lipid oxidation reactions caused switch gene 2. Together with the established consistency and validity of trans fat measure- by heating treatments, contact with oxygen, hormone-sensitive lipase [annotated as lipase ment across a range of samples with unknown exposure to sunlight, etc.; and they could E] and monoglyceride lipase, these proteins fat content and fatty acid composition. be absorbed from the diet, at different rates constitute the basic “lipolytic machinery.” depending on their side chain length. In the Additionally, a large number of hormonal sig- Development and validation of a organism, oxysterols can follow different naling pathways and lipid droplet-associated routes: secreted into the intestinal lumen, protein factors regulate substrate access and sensitive and selective UHPLC-MS/ esterified and distributed by lipoproteins to the activity of the “lipolysome.” This review MS method for simultaneous different tissues, or degraded, mainly in the summarizes the current knowledge concern- determination of both free and liver. Cholesterol oxidation products (COP) ing the enzymes and regulatory processes total eicosapentaeonic acid and have shown cytotoxicity, apoptotic and pro- governing lipolysis of fat stores in adipose inflammatory effects, and they have also and nonadipose tissues. Special emphasis will docosahexenoic acid in human been linked with chronic diseases including be given to ATGL, its regulation, and physi- plasma atherosclerotic and neurodegenerative pro- ological function. cesses. In the case of phytosterol oxidation Bowen, C.L., et al., J. Chromatogr. B 878:3125– products (POP), more research is needed Lecithin:cholesterol 3133, 2010. on toxic effects. Nevertheless, current knowl- A sensitive, selective, and quantitative edge suggests they may also cause cytotoxic acyltransferase—from method for the simultaneous determination and pro-apoptotic effects, although at higher biochemistry to role in of free and total eicosapentaeonic acid (EPA) concentrations than COP. Recently, new ben- cardiovascular disease and docosahexenoic acid (DHA) has been eficial biological activities of oxysterols are developed and validated in human plasma being investigated. Whereas COP are asso- Rousset, X., et al., Curr. Opin. Endocrinol. Dia- using fatty acid-free human serum albumin ciated with cholesterol homeostasis medi- betes Obesity 16:163–171, 2009. as a surrogate matrix. Cleanup for free EPA ated by different mechanisms, the implication We discuss the latest findings on the and DHA employs a liquid-liquid extraction of POP is not clear yet. Available literature biochemistry of lecithin:cholesterol acyl- with hexane to remove plasma interferences on sources of oxysterols in the organism, transferase (LCAT), the effect of LCAT on and provide for cleaner chromatography. The metabolism, toxicity, and potential benefi- atherosclerosis, clinical features of LCAT method for total EPA and DHA requires a cial effects of these compounds are reviewed deficiency, and the impact of LCAT on car- digestion of the triglycerides followed by in this paper. diovascular disease from human studies. liquid-liquid extraction with hexane. Ultra Although there has been much recent prog- high-performance liquid chromatography ress in the biochemistry of LCAT and its (UHPLC) technology on a BEH C18 sta- Lipolysis—A highly regulated effect on high-density lipoprotein metabo- tionary phase column with 1.7 μm particle multi-enzyme complex mediates lism, its role in the pathogenesis of athero- size was used for chromatographic separa- the catabolism of cellular fat stores sclerosis is still not fully understood. Studies tion, coupled to tandem mass spectrometry from various animal models have revealed a (UHPLC-MS/MS). The method for free Lass, A., et al., Prog. Lipid Res. 50:14–27, complex interaction between LCAT and ath- EPA and DHA was validated over the con- 2011. erosclerosis that may be modified by diet and centration range of 0.05–25 μg/mL, while Lipolysis is the biochemical pathway by other proteins that modify lipoproteins. total EPA and DHA concentration range responsible for the catabolism of triacylglyc- Furthermore, the ability of LCAT to lower was 0.5–250 μg/mL. The results from assay erol (TAG) stored in cellular lipid droplets. apoB [apoprotein B] appears to be the best validation show that the method is rugged, The hydrolytic cleavage of TAG generates way to predict its effect on atherosclerosis in precise, accurate, and well suited to support non-esterified fatty acids, which are subse- animal models. Recent studies on patients pharmacokinetic studies. To our knowledge, quently used as energy substrates, essential with LCAT deficiency have shown a modest 102 inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2)
but significant increase in incidence of cardio- AOCS Journals ■n Synthesis and properties of ascorbyl vascular disease consistent with a beneficial esters catalyzed by lipozyme TL IM effect of LCAT on atherosclerosis. The role using triglycerides as acyl donors, Reyes- of LCAT in the general population, however, Duarte, D., N. Lopez-Cortes, P. Torres, F. has not revealed a consistent association with Comelles, J.L. Parra, S. Peña, A.V. Ugidos, cardiovascular disease. Recent research find- A. Ballesteros, and F.J. Plou ings from animal and human studies have ■n The influence of secondary emulsifie s revealed a potential beneficial role of LCAT on lipid oxidation within sodium casein- in reducing atherosclerosis, but additional ate-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions, studies are necessary to better establish the Richards, A., M. Golding, C. Wijesundera, linkage between LCAT and cardiovascular and L. Lundin disease. ■n Analysis of lard’s aroma by an elec- tronic nose for rapid halal authentica- The effects of phytosterols present tion, Nurjuliana, M., Y.B. Che Man, and in natural food matrices on D. Mat Hashim cholesterol metabolism and LDL- ■n Effects of seed roasting on tocopherols, carotenoids, and oxidation in mustard cholesterol: A controlled feeding seed oil during heating, Vaidya, B., and trial E. Choe Lin, X., et al., Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 64:1481–1487, ■n Simplifying the process of microalgal 2010. biodiesel production through in situ Extrinsic phytosterols supplemented to Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ transesterification technology, Xu, R., the diet reduce intestinal cholesterol absorp- Society (January) and Y. Mi tion and plasma low-density lipoprotein ■n Organic–inorganic coatings based on (LDL)-cholesterol. However, little is known ■n Direct determination of MCPD fatty acid epoxidised castor oil/APTES/TEOS, about their effects on cholesterol metabo- esters and glycidyl fatty acid esters in Becchi, D.M., M.A. de Luca, M. Marti- lism when given in native, unpurified form vegetable oils by LC–TOFMS, Haines, T.D., nelli, and S. Mitidieri and in amounts achievable in the diet. The K.J. Adlaf, R.M. Pierceall, I. Lee, P. Venkita- ■n Investigation on sliding wear behaviour objective of this investigation was to test the subramanian, and M.W. Collison and mechanical properties of jatropha hypothesis that intrinsic phytosterols present ■n Generalized method to quantify glycidol oil cake-filled glass-epoxy composites, in unmodified foods alter whole-body choles- fatty acid esters in edible oils, Masukawa, Mohan, N., S. Natarajan, S.P. Kumaresh- terol metabolism. In all, 20 out of 24 subjects Y., H. Shiro, N. Kondo, and N. Kudo Babu, and Siddaramaiah completed a randomized, crossover feeding ■n Compositional and antioxidant activ- ■n Glyceryl behenate and its suitability trial wherein all meals were provided by a ity analysis of Zanthoxylum bungeanum for production of aceclofenac solid metabolic kitchen. Each subject consumed seed oil obtained by supercritical CO 2 lipid nanoparticles, Chawla, V., and S.A. two diets for four weeks each. The diets dif- fluid extraction, Xia, L., J. You, G. Li, Z. Saraf fered in phytosterol content (phytosterol- Sun, and Y. Suo ■n Changes of total tocopherol and tocoph- poor diet, 126 mg phytosterols/2,000 kcal; ■n Ultrasonic attenuation measurements erol species during sunflower oil pro- phytosterol-abundant diet, 449 mg phytoster- of the mixing, agglomeration, and sedi- ols/2,000 kcal), but were otherwise matched cessing, Naz, S., S.T.H. Sherazi, and F.N. mentation of sucrose crystals suspended Talpur for nutrient content. Cholesterol absorption in oil, Yucel, U., and J.N. Coupland and excretion were determined by gas chro- ■n Production of low-trans fatty acids edible ■n Regulatory infrared spectroscopic matography/mass spectrometry after oral oil by electrochemical hydrogenation in method for the rapid determination of administration of stable isotopic tracers. The a diaphragm reactor under controlled total isolated trans fat: A collaborative phytosterol-abundant diet resulted in lower conditions, Fu, H., F. Xiao, S. Wang, L. cholesterol absorption [54.2 ± 2.2% (95% study, Mossoba, M.M., A. Seiler, H. Stein- Yang, and Y.M. Lo confidence interval 50.5%, 57.9%) vs. 73.2 ± hart, J.K.G. Kramer, L. Rodrigues-Saona, ■n Synthesis of phytosteryl esters by using 1.3% (69.5%, 76.9%), P < 0.0001] and 79% A.P. Griffith, R. Pierceall, F.R. van de Voort, alumina-supported zinc oxide (ZnO/ J. Sedman, A.A. Ismail, D. Barr, P.A. Da higher fecal cholesterol excretion [1,322 ± Al2O3) from esterification production 112 (1,083.2, 1483.3) vs. 739 ± 97 mg/day Costa Filho, H. Li, Y. Zhang, X. Liu, and of phytosterol with fatty acid, Meng, X., (530.1, 930.2), P < 0.0001] relative to the M. Bradley Q. Pan, and T. Yang phytosterol-poor diet. Plasma lathosterol/ ■n Comparison of biopolymer emulsifi r ■n Enhancement of oil extraction from cholesterol ratio rose by 82% [from 0.71 performance in formation and stabili- sumac fruit using steam-explosion pre- ± 0.11 (0.41, 0.96) to 1.29 ± 0.14 μg/mg zation of orange oil-in-water emulsions, treatment, Chen, G., and H. Chen (0.98, 1.53), P < 0.0001]. LDL-cholesterol Qian, C., E.A. Decker, H. Xiao, and D.J. ■n Positional distribution of fatty acids in was similar between diets. Intrinsic phytos- McClements perilla (Perilla frutescens L.) oil, Yoon, S.H., terols at levels present in a healthy diet are and S. Noh Publications inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) 103
gemmacea, Wang, C.-Y., J. Zhao, H.-Y. Liu, emulsifiers, Qiao, W., C. Cao, Y. Sun, H. C.-L. Shao, Q.-A. Liu, Y. Liu, and Y.-C. Gu Liu, X. Zhao, and X. Fu ■n Modeling the primary oxidation in com- ■n Synthesis and characterization of sodium mercial fish oil preparations, Sullivan, nonylphenol ethoxylate(10) sulfoitacon- J.C., S.M. Budge, and M. St-Onge ate esters, Ding, J., B. Song, C. Wang, J. ■n Rapid quantitative analysis of lipids using Xu, and Y. Wu a colorimetric method in a microplate ■n Synthesis and surface-active properties format, Cheng, Y.-S., Y. Zheng, and J.S. of uronic amide derivatives, surfactants VanderGheynst from renewable organic raw materi- als, Laurent, P., H. Razafindralambo, B. Wathelet, C. Blecker, J.-P. Wathelet, and M. Paquot ■n Synthesis and some surface properties of glycine-based surfactants, Mousli, R., and A. Tazerouti ■n A new cationic gemini surfmer: Synthe- sis and surface activities, Su, X., B. Wang, Z. Lu, L. Wei, and Y. Feng ■n Mixtures of nonionic surfactants made Lipids (January) from renewable resources with alkyl sul- ■n Springer in the International Year of fates: Comparison of headgroups, Werts, Chemistry 2011 K.M., and B.P. Grady ■n ■n Oxidative stability of marine phospholip- Synthesis and properties of dissymmet- ids in the liposomal form and their appli- ric gemini surfactants, Xu, Q., L. Wang, cations, Henna Lu, F.S., N.S. Nielsen, M. and F. Xing ■n Timm-Heinrich, and C. Jacobsen Counterion effect of cationic sur- ■n Elucidation of phosphatidylcholine factants upon the interaction with composition in krill oil extracted from poly(methacrylic acid), Anghel, D.F., Euphausia superba, Winther, B., N. Hoem, Journal of Surfactants and S. Saito, A. Iovescu, A. Băran, and G. K. Berge, and L. Reubsaet Stîngă Detergents (Issue 1) ■n ■n Metabolic effects of krill oil are essen- Microemulsion systems with rhodium tially similar to those of fish oil but at ■n Springer in the International Year of tris(3-sulfophenyl)phosphine trisodium lower dose of EPA and DHA, in healthy Chemistry 2011 salt complex for product isolation and ■n Effect of surfactants as dispersing agents volunteers, Ulven, S.M., B. Kirkhus, A. catalyst recycling in the hydrogena- on the properties of microemulsified Lamglait, S. Basu, E. Elind, T. Haider, K. tion of dimethyl itaconate, Milano- inkjet inks for polyester fibers, Kosolia, Berge, H. Vik, and J.I. Pedersen Brusco, J.S., J. Touitou, V. Strempel, and C.T., E.M. Varka, and E.G. Tsatsaroni ■n A high omega-3 fatty acid diet has dif- R. Schomäcker ■n Determination of sodium fatty acid in ■n Surface properties and thermodynamic ferent effects on early and late stage soap formulation using Fourier trans- myeloid progenitors, Varney, M.E., J.T. parameters of some sugar-based ethox- form infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and ylated amine surfactants: 1—synthesis, Buchanan, Y. Dementieva, W.E. Hardman, multivariate calibrations, Rohman, A., and V.E. Sollars characterization, and demulsification and Y.B. Che Man efficiency, Abdel-Raouf, M.E.-S., A.-R.M. ■n Omega-3 index correlates with healthier n Esterification of stearic acid with trieth- Abdul-Raheim, and A.-A.A. Abdel- food consumption in adolescents and anolamine over zirconium sulfate sup- Azim with reduced cardiovascular disease risk ported on SBA-15 mesoporous molecular ■n Synthesis and evaluation of a new cat- factors in adolescent boys, O’Sullivan, sieve, Geng, T., Q. Li, Y. Jiang, and W. ionic surfactant for oil-well drilling flu d, T.A., G.L. Ambrosini, T.A. Mori, L.J. Beilin, Wang and W.H. Oddy ■n Synthesis and study of the surface prop- Mahmoud, S.A., and M.M. Dardir ■n ■n Biosynthesis of 14,15-hepoxilins in erties of alkylnaphthalene and alkyl- Emulsification of chemically modified human L1236 Hodgkin lymphoma cells phenanthrene sulfonates, Abdel-Raouf, vegetable oils for lubricant use, Doll, and eosinophils, Brunnström, Å., M. M.E., N.E. Maysour, A.M. Abdul-Raheim, K.M., and B.K. Sharma ■n Hamberg, W.J. Griffiths, B. Mannervik, S.M. El-Saeed, and R.K. Farag Determination of alcohol ethoxylates and H.-E. Claesson n Synthesis, characterization and surface derivatized with naphthoyl chloride, in ■n Two new eicosanoids with a unique properties of series sulfobetaine surfac- waste water treatment plant influent, isovalerianic acid ester moiety from the tants, Qu, G., J. Cheng, J. Wei, T. Yu, W. effluent and sludge samples by liquid South China Sea gorgonian Dichotella Ding, and H. Luan chromatography mass spectrometry, n Synthesis and characterization of a novel Cassani, G., F. Tibaldi, G. Donato, and series of cationic fumaric polymerizable N. Andriollo 104 inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) biologically active and have large effects on Adaptability of irrigated spring is established as the most effective industrial whole-body cholesterol metabolism not process to remove POP in fish oil. However, reflected in circulating LDL. More work is canola oil production to the US High the technology involves heating of the oil needed to assess the effects of phytosterol- Plains to high temperature levels (>200°C) that mediated fecal cholesterol excretion on coro- Pavlista. A.D., Ind. Crops Prod. 33:165–169, possibly give unwanted heat-induced side nary heart disease risk in humans. 2011. reactions and co-evaporation of minor com- Canola oil is high in oleic acid, which is pounds of importance for the nutritional Cuphea growth, yield, and oil commonly used for food and industrial pur- quality of the oil. The effects on retention characteristics as influenced by poses. To determine adaptability of spring of vitamins, cholesterol, and unsaponifiable canola (Brassica napus L.) to the High Plains compounds, geometrical isomerization, loss climate and soil environments for industrial oil production, 26 irrigated of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), oxi- across the upper Midwest USA trials were conducted from 2005 to 2008. dation level, and oxidative stability have been studied on the basis of experiments designed Kim, K.-I., et al., Ind. Crops Prod. 33:99–107, Trials were divided into five regions—1: 36–37°N,108°W; 2: 39–40°N,101–103°W; to optimize and model the effect of process 2011. conditions (i.e., evaporator temperature, feed Cuphea is a potential new oilseed crop 3: 41–42°N,102–103°W; 4: 41–42°N,104°W; 5: 43–44°N,106–108°W. Cultural practices rate, and addition of working fluid) on the rich in medium-chain fatty acids (C8:0 to reduction of POP. Loss of volatile nutrients C14:0) that may serve as a renewable, bio- were based on site-specific protocols. Four cultivars, Hyola 401, Hyola 357 Magnum, was observed, but the extent will depend degradable source of oil for lubricants, motor on the process conditions needed to obtain oil, and aircraft fuel. Impacts of climate and SW Marksman, and SW Patriot, were planted in replicated plots in April or May under target decontamination level, as well as the soil environment on cuphea growth and concentration ratio and difference in vapor development are not well understood. The standard irrigation and harvested in July to October depending on region. Seed yields pressure between free and esterified forms of objective of this study was to evaluate the the studied compounds. Some reduction in influence of climate and soil on growth, seed of Hyola 401 and Hyola 357 Magnum were higher than of SW Marksman and SW Patriot oxidation level was documented with preser- yield, and seed oil characteristics of two semi- vation of PUFA level and quality. Oxidative domesticated cuphea genotypes [PSR23 and across the five regions and within Regions 1, 2, 3, and 5. Regions 1, 2, and 3 had sig- stability was influenced both positively and HC-10 (Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. × C. lan- negatively depending on the applied process ceolata W.T. Aiton)] and three wild species nificantly greater yields than did Regions 4 and 5. Samples from 18 trials were examined conditions. Generally, no adverse negative [C. wrightii, C. lutea, and C. viscosissima (VS- effects on the nutritional quality of the fish oil 6-CPR-1)] that show potential for domes- for their oil content and fatty acid distribu- tion. The four cultivars had greater than 38% could be documented. Optimal process con- tication. The study was conducted in 2007 ditions were modeled that ensure removal of and 2008 at US field sites in North Dakota oil content; SW Marksman and SW Patriot had higher oil content than Hyola 401 and POP to within legislated levels while retain- (ND), Minnesota (MN), Iowa (IA), and Illi- ing most of the vitamin levels in fish oil. A nois (IL). Cuphea PSR23 and HC-10 were Hyola 357 Magnum. Higher oil content was achieved in Regions 1, 4, and 5. Across and 76% reduction of the WHO-PCDD/F-PCB- direct-seeded in the field, while the three wild TEQ [World Health Organization] level in species were transplanted. The two plantings within regions, the percentage of oleic acid did not differ for the four cultivars. The mean the used feedstock was needed to be in accor- were treated as separate experiments. Plant dance with the voluntary industrial mono- growth, seed yield, and oil content for the content of oleic acid decreased going north from Region 2 to Region 5, as did seed yield graph of GOED [Global Organization for two direct-seeded lines tended to be distinctly EPA and DHA]. This could be achieved greater in MN and ND than IL and IA. These in the High Plains. Linoleic acid increased going north from Region 1. Linolenic acids on the basis of operation conditions giving observations were related more to growth <20% loss of vitamins. A 90% decontami- temperature than soil environment. The showed little variation across regions. In con- sidering yield and total oil content together, nation rate gave vitamin retentions in the three wild species generally performed simi- 60−90% range. larly across the four different environments. growing spring canola would be excellent in Cuphea wrightii had the greatest content of the High Plains. oil, ranging from 320 to 360 g kg−1, which Fatty acids, epicatechin- comprised 59–64% lauric acid. For each gen- Effects of refining and removal of dimethylgallate, and rutin interact otype, the content of its most prominent sat- persistent organic pollutants by with buckwheat starch inhibiting urated medium-chain fatty acid (e.g., C10:0 or C12:0) increased with decreasing latitude short-path distillation on nutritional its digestion by amylase: of field site. Seed yields for C. wrightii and C. quality and oxidative stability of Implications for the decrease in lutea were as high as 1,116 kg ha−1. Combined fish oil glycemic index by buckwheat flour with relatively high seed oil contents (280– 350 g kg−1), these species may be good can- Oterhals, Å., and M.H.G. Berntssen J. Agric. Takahama, U., and S. Hirota, J. Agric. Food didates for domestication. Results indicate Food Chem. 58:12250–12259, 2010. Chem. 58:12431–12439, 2010. that PSR23 and HC-10 are more regionally Food and feed legislations are imple- Glycemic indexes of bread made from adapted than the wild species studied, which mented to control the level of unwanted mixtures of wheat flour and buckwheat flour tended to exhibit a greater range of adaptabil- persistent organic pollutants (POP) below are lower than those made from wheat flour. ity to climate and soil conditions. health risk concerns. Short-path distillation As a means to discuss the mechanism of the Publications inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) 105
buckwheat flour-dependent decrease in glycemic indexes, we studied method showed good agreement with those obtained by the DPPH the formation of a starch−iodine complex and amylase-catalyzed [diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical] test, which suggests that it could be digestion of starch using buckwheat flour itself and buckwheat flour used as a complementary method for the evaluation of hydrophobic from which fatty acids, rutin, and proanthocyanidins including fla- substances with antioxidant properties. van-3-ols had been extracted. Absorbance due to the formation of a starch−iodine complex was larger in extracted than control flour, and Research in olive oil: Challenges for the near future starch in extracted flour was more susceptible to pancreatin-induced digestion than starch in control flour. Fatty acids, which were found García-González, D.L., and R. Aparicio, J. Agric. Food Chem. 58:12569– in the buckwheat flour extract, bound to amylose in the extracted 12577, 2010. flour, inhibiting its digestion by pancreatin. Rutin and epicatechin- Olive oil, a traditional food product with thousands of years of dimethylgallate, which were also found in the extract, bound to both history, is continually evolving toward a more competitive global amylose and amylopectin in the extracted flour, inhibiting their diges- market. Being one of the most studied foods across different disci- tion induced by pancreatin. We discussed from these results that the plines, olive oil still needs intensive research activity to face some vul- lower glycemic indexes of bread made from mixtures of wheat flour nerabilities and challenges. This perspective describes some of them and buckwheat flour were due to binding of fatty acids, rutin, and epi- and shows a vision of research on olive oil for the near future, bringing catechin-dimethylgallate, which were contained in buckwheat flour, together those aspects that are more relevant for better understand- to wheat flour starch. ing and protection of this edible oil. To accomplish the most urgent challenges, some possible strategies are outlined, taking advantage of the latest analytical advances, considering six areas: (i) olive growing; Effects of the planting density on virgin olive oil quality (ii) processing, by-product, and environmental issues; (iii) virgin of “Chemlali” olive trees (Olea europaea L.) olive oil sensory quality; (iv) purity, authentication, and traceability; Guerfel, M., et al., J. Agric. Food Chem. 58:12469–12472, 2010. (v) health and nutrition; and (vi) consumers. The coming research, Here, we report the characterization of virgin olive oil samples besides achieving those challenges, would increase the understand- obtained from fruits of the main Tunisian olive cultivar (Chemlali) ing of some aspects that are still the subject of debate and controversy n grown in four planting densities (156, 100, 69, and 51 trees ha−1). among scientists focused on olive oil. Olive oil samples obtained from fruits of trees grown at 100 trees ha−1 had a higher content of oleic acid (65.5%), a higher content of chloro- phyll and carotenoids, and a higher content in total phenols (1,059.08 mg/kg). Interestingly, olives grown at the two highest planting densi- ties yielded more stable oils than olives grown at the two lowest ones. Thus, planting density is found to be a key factor for the quality of olive oils in arid regions. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of vegetable oils based on luminol chemiluminescence in a microemulsion Pulgarín, J.A.M., et al., Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 112:1294–1301, 2010. A flow injection analysis (FIA) methodology has been developed for the estimation of the radical-scavenging activity (RSA) of edible oils as a measure of their antioxidant activity. The RSA determination was based on the inhibition of the luminol chemiluminescence (CL) induced by Fenton’s reagent in a microemuslion (n-hexane in water). At the optimum operational conditions, the RSA of gallic acid and butylhydroxylanisol, usually employed as antioxidant in vegetable oils, as well as corn, sunflower, olive, soybean and sesame oils, was mea- sured in terms of the IC50 (the concentration required to reduce by 50% the CL emission measured in the absence of antioxidants in the organic phase). For this purpose, the percentage of the CL inhibition (%Inh) was plotted against the sample concentration. Virgin oils of sesame and olive showed the greatest RSA, which was associated with their elevated concentration of natural antioxidants, such as phenols, tocopherols, and lignans. The refined soybean oil also has an impor- tant antioxidant activity due to the addition of synthetic antioxidants after the refining process, while the lower RSA activities were found in the refined corn and sunflower oils. The results of the proposed ~Springer springer.com• the language of science
Springer's numerous benefits for subscribers to AOCS journals When subscribing to JAOCS, JSD or Lipids you receive nuPloem\li--- benefits from Springer: Free access to the journals onrme; free access to 5 related journals and a 25% discount on books. Read on to find out more!
Free Access to related Springer Journals with your AOCS Subscription .,.. Each journal has 5 related Springer journals that come free with your subscription - but you must be an AOCS member to receive them. If you aren't already a subscriber see which journals you're missing out on and join AOCS at springer.com/aocs
Receive a 25% Discount on all Springer Books in English .,.. All members of the AOCS receive a 25% discount on all English-language books from Springer. Log on to aocs.org and follow the directions to get your own Springer book
Tables of Contents Alerts .,.. Visit the webpage for your favorite AOCS or Springer journal - even if you don't have a subscription! - sign up for theirToC Alert and whenever a new issue is published you will immediately receive an email detailing the latest Table of Contents. It's an easy way to keep up with journals you're interested in. Sign up at springer.com .,.. Springer also has Book Alerts in all our subject areas. Sign up for these and you'll immediately know what Springer is publishing and when. Find out more at springer.com/alert
Free Online Journal Access .,.. Springer often trials many of our Chemi stry journals, including JAOCS, JSD and Lipids, but the only way to be in on the secret is to join our Alerting services. This way whenever we send out an email with Free Online Journal Access you're automatically informed. Just another way we like to say thank you for subscribing to the journals and being an AOCS member. It's easy, just visit springer.com/alert
Contact Doreen Berning at AOCS to become a member and order your subscription. AOCS, P.O. Box 17190, Urbana, IL 61803-7190 USA 1> Phone: + 1-217-693-4813 1> Fax: + 1-217-693-4857 1> Email: [email protected] 1> Web: www.aocs.org 014541x Global markets inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) 107 Short- and long-term price forecasting for palm and lauric oils
Dorab E. Mistry be made more effective by subsidizing imports, by removing import taxes, or by the government’s importing these commodities and selling them at a loss. All these measures are very effective and will lower infla- Note: The following paper represents excerpts from a talk deliv- tion very quickly. Subsidies may be wasteful, but for a short period ered by Dorab E. Mistry at the 6th Indonesian Palm Oil Conference they can be very effective. The Chinese government also has one other (IPOC) & 2011 Price Outlook, organized by the Indonesian Palm Oil useful weapon. In 2009, it bought a large stock of domestic rapeseed Association (GAPKI) and held December 1–3, 2010, at the Westin oil as a price support measure. It can now release that stock to increase Resort Nusa Dua, Bali. supply at reasonable prices. There is a fifth measure, price control, which is usually effec- tive in the very short term but is very damaging in the long run. This Ladies and gentlemen: measure will lower prices for a few weeks, but it will damage produc- The year 2010 has been a very happy one for the palm oil indus- ers, lower future production, and consign the country to shortages. It try. The GAPKI conference is well timed and for me personally, some is not a market-based solution and must be avoided at all costs. People of my most successful forecasts happen to be made at GAPKI confer- and producers are not stupid. They will stop producing if they have to ences. At this conference in December 2009, I forecast that growth of incur losses. People will consume more and hoard if they find prices crude palm oil (CPO) production in Indonesia would be curtailed in artificially low. 2010 by the developing El Niño, occurring at the same time as the low The government of China is wisely undertaking the first four of turn of the biological cycle, despite a rise in mature acreage. This com- the five measures I have outlined. The first three have a mildly bearish bination of events would also push Malaysian production into negative effect on world prices. The fourth measure, of increasing supply and territory. As a result I gave a bullish prognosis for 2010. undertaking large imports, will have a positive impact on world prices. At the Palm and Lauric Oils Conference & Exhibition (POC) So on balance, the effect of all four measures on world prices should held in Kuala Lumpur in March 2010, I forecast 2010 Malaysian pro- be neither positive nor negative in the medium term. duction at just 17.2 million metric tons (MMT) and Indonesian Prices will be made by fundamentals of supply and demand plus production to grow by only 1.5 MMT. I also forecast CPO prices to external factors such as worldwide investment funds and exchange exceed 3,000 ringgits ($1,000) per metric ton in the second half of rates. the year. My conclusion is that the Chinese government’s measures should I also forecast a decline in the US dollar starting July 1, 2010. not be viewed as bearish or bullish except in the very short term. It All three of my forecasts have come true. The CPO production takes the market a few weeks to absorb the shock and for the funda- model that I have developed and refined over my 30 years in this mentals to re-assert themselves. industry has performed extremely well this year. With those remarks on the immediate worry of the market, I shall speak on the Incremental S&Ds for the oil year October 2010 Measures taken by China to September 2011. As we all know, the Chinese government has become very concerned at domestic inflation and announced several measures to tackle it. The Incremental S&Ds for 2010–2011 Chinese government has over the years displayed remarkable foresight In both 2008–2009 and 2009–2010, Incremental Demand outstripped and determination, and therefore its actions have earned the respect Incremental Supply and we had to draw down stocks. Let us see if we of the market. have to draw down stocks further for the third year in succession. To my mind, a wise and astute government has four basic mea- Palm: As I have been explaining over the last 12 months, the bio- sures to undertake when it wishes to clamp down on domestic logical low cycle will run from September 2010 until at least March– inflation: April 2011. Hence CPO production in the first quarter of 2011 will 1. Curb and wipe out local speculation, black marketing, and continue to underperform, and stocks will continue to be drawn profiteering. down. Supply will be most critical and tight during this period. We 2. Tighten money supply and remove or rein in excess liquidity can expect a recovery to begin from April 2011, but this recovery will in the local market. Excess liquidity leads to speculation and be neither as strong nor as impressive as previous ones. As time goes hoarding. by and I have more data in hand, I shall expand on this in my paper at 3. Allow the exchange rate to rise, or raise interest rates to control POC in Kuala Lumpur March 8–9, 2011. money supply and liquidity. Last year as we were experiencing an El Niño, the signals of a 4. Most importantly, raise the supply of goods and commodities pending shortfall in production were very strong. This year has been in the local market. more nearly normal, and therefore the signals are not as strong. If last The fourth measure is the best and most potent weapon that year my production forecast was made with a 90% confidence level government has. Supply can be increased by releasing State Reserve (that is why I never changed my forecast despite universal disagree- Stocks or by undertaking large imports. An increase in supply can ment), this year the confidence level is lower, at about 75%. 108 inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2)
My prognosis for the 2011 calendar year is for Malaysian pro- months, prices will quickly recover and resume their upward march. duction to recover by 500,000 MT and for Indonesian production to For world prices to be driven down and kept down, the Chinese gov- recover by 2 MMT. Most of this recovery will be seen in the second ernment has to demonstrate convincingly that estimates of Chinese half of 2011 and will spill over into 2012. bean imports are exaggerated by 3–4 MMT and that they can skip one Generally the recovery after an El Niño year is fueled by two pow- month’s imports without replacement. erful engines—higher fertilizer application during the period of high So the fate of prices in the short term rests on Chinese import prices, which kicks in during the later part of the production decline, demand and on South American weather. and the new acreage that begins to produce once rainfall improves. I must draw your attention to the fact that the current La Niña is This time around, the extra kick provided by accelerated fertil- one of the strongest in recent decades. It must affect crops in South izer use will not be so strong because too much fertilizer has already America. The present indications are that we shall lose at least 5 MMT been applied, thanks to very high CPO prices throughout 2010. In fact of soybeans as compared to earlier crop expectations. We cannot be we may see the law of diminishing returns come true! Acreage expan- complacent on this score. Most analysts underestimated the effects sion has also slowed dramatically owing to the activities of NGOs of the 2009 El Niño and appear to be doing the same with this La (nongovernmental organizations) and the regulations enacted by the Niña. Indonesian government. In this day and age, we are making our farms and plantations Soybeans: The world is anxiously watching the current growing perform almost to perfection. By piling on fertilizers and growth pro- season in South America. La Niña is in force, but we have to see if it moters, we have pushed yields to extremely high levels, depending on results in dry weather and how much that impacts soybean yields. growing conditions to be almost ideal. Any disturbance by drought Currently, world S&Ds are based on a crop of 67 MMT in Brazil and or flood leads to a disproportionate effect on yields. I invite you to 52 MMT in Argentina. Yet the S&Ds are very tight. If we lose a few imagine an old truck that is being run around the clock. It will run million metric tons, the soybean S&Ds will get to rationing levels. well on good roads in good conditions, but give it some rough terrain We shall then have to rely on a big expansion in acreage in the United and it will break down. As world climate gets more capricious, world States in 2011 plus almost ideal growing weather. agriculture will fail to keep producing record high yields. And we have For the present, the world is also focused on Chinese monthly come to rely on super-high yields. I have already lopped 5 MMT from imports of beans. If the Chinese government releases State Reserves current South America soybean crops, and I stand ready to reduce esti- and skips one month’s imports, these actions will have a bearish mates further as the season progresses. impact on prices in the short term. The recent downswing in prices And after the harvest, we shall have to crush an additional 8–10 has already perhaps taken that into account. If, on the other hand, MMT of beans to find the extra soybean oil required by the world. Chinese monthly bean imports remain at their level of the past few Rapeseed: Production numbers for rapeseed have improved Global markets inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) 109
slightly in the last few weeks, and prospects TABLE 1. Incremental S&Ds for 2011 Now we can see the developing Incre- for the Indian crop are distinctly brighter. I Oct. ’10 to Sept. ’11 mental S&Ds for next year (Table 1). am therefore reducing the shortfall in rape- (’000 metric tons) The US Congress reassembled on seed oil production this year to 800,000 November 29 and we must watch its actions MT from my earlier estimate of 1 MMT. Soybean oil + 1,600 on the ethanol subsidy and the Blenders Sunflowerseed: Prospects for sunflow- Rapeseed oil 800 Credit for biodiesel. The implementation erseed production have also improved in of RFS2 (Renewable Fuels Standard 2) also Sunfl werseed oil the last few weeks in Ukraine. I am still 300 needs to be watched. Even if only one of wary of the Argentine production. There- Groundnut (peanut) + 500 these three factors comes into play, it will be fore, I am keeping the shortfall in sun oil & cottonseed oil very bullish for corn, beans, and bean oil. production at 300,000 MT. Palm oil + 2,500 At present, it looks like for the third I continue to believe that ground- year in a row, Incremental Supply will not nut oil and cottonseed oil production will Lauric oils — match Incremental Demand. There is a increase by about 500,000 MT due to Total increase + 3,500 shortfall of at least 1 MMT. higher crush. While palm production will recover, I also continue to believe that coconut Demand + 4,500 we shall encounter lower production of soy- oil production will decline and will balance beans and sunflowerseed in South America. the additional availability of palm kernel oil (PKO). Overall, oilseed and oil production will not have a chance to recover strongly. Demand scenario It now looks as though the dreaded double dip recession is not going Price outlook to happen. The calendar year 2010 will end with the world economy I expect prices to rise from current levels in the next six months. growing on average in excess of 4%, with a forecast of even better Any price decline will have to wait until June–July when Northern growth in 2011. Biodiesel mandates in several countries will continue Hemisphere crop prospects can begin to weigh on the market. My to expand and so will growth in population and in per capita consump- price outlook extends to the next six months. I also expect Inverses tion in the developing world. However, we are at very high levels in to assert themselves because stock levels in the next few months will terms of price, and hence we must estimate growth in world demand be extremely tight. to be 4.5–5 MMT only for oil year 2010–2011. I presume that there will be no unexpected war (North Korea 110 inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2)
or Iran?), that the US dollar will run out of steam by January 2011, Rotterdam. Demand for FMCG (fast-moving consumer goods) prod- that mineral oil prices will hold at current levels and gradually move ucts in the West as well as the East is very strong, and it is quite possible higher, that the Euro zone will be stable, and that monetary policy in that PKO prices will go close to an unprecedented level of US$1,800 the United States and Europe will be easy and relaxed. CIF Rotterdam. The outlook is the same for coconut oil. Palm: My November prognosis for CPO futures on the BMD [Bursa Malaysia Derivatives] to reach 3,300 ringgits was fulfilled What are the threats to this forecast? within two days of the forecast. These are days of instant gratifica- The threat of contagion is the most prominent. Equity and bond tion. So I have to be extremely careful as to what I say. However, it is markets need to be stable and must not fall. Countries such as Ireland, better to be forewarned than to be surprised. Too often the market Greece, Portugal, Spain, or Belgium need to keep their house in order. gives out wrong signals. I repeat: The price declines of May and June The flow of investment money into commodities must also remain 2010 were based on wrong production forecasts by overoptimistic stable. pundits. Demand boomed at lower prices, and we now have to ration demand with higher prices. Based on my production prognosis, the period of greatest tight- RSPO ness will be between February and May 2011, and we need prices to Over the years I have remained a strong supporter of the Roundtable rise now to rein in demand and to stimulate plantings. At some stage on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO). Much progress has been achieved. in December–January I expect RBD [refined, bleached, deodorized] On the other hand, the uptake of certified sustainable palm oil has palm olein to trade at US$1,250 per metric ton FOB with CPO futures been disappointing. Those who talk of sustainability need to put their on the BMD trading at 3,600 ringgits. money where their words are. And finally, it is time for the Executive Other oils: Soybean oil prices also need to rise because too much Board of the RSPO to reflect more proportionately the interests of all incremental demand from sunflowerseed and rapeseed oil consumers stakeholders, not merely in terms of functionality but also in terms of is migrating in its direction. A level of US$1,250–$1,300 FOB Argen- geography. Asia produces 95% of the world’s palm oil and consumes tina is to be expected. 80% of it. Asia has preserved most of its forests, and millions of its Sunflowerseed oil will maintain a premium of about US$200 people depend on this industry for their livelihood. Yet on the RSPO, over soybean oil prices. Asia is in a minority. Make no mistake. There is no forum other than I expect rapeseed oil prices also to maintain a premium of RSPO to handle this agenda, but RSPO needs to be reformed. I sin- US$100–$150 over soybean oil. cerely hope such reform will be taken up without delay. PKO has already touched US$1,650 CIF (cost, insurance, freight) continued on page 113 Lipid Oxidation Pathways
Lipid Oxidation Pathways, Volume 2
Afaf Kamal-Eldin and David B. Min, Editors 2008. Hardbound. 324 pages. ISBN : 978-1-893997-56-1. Product code 236 !p'\1~ !p'\AO List: ~ • AOCS Member: ~
This book complements Lipid Oxidation Pathways, Volume 1, by focusing on the oxidation kinetics and mechanisms governing the behavior of different molecular species involved in lipid oxidation reactions. It provides a more detailed review of the reactions of other lipid molecules than conventional polyunsaturated fatty acids.
CONTENTS To order: • Chemistry and Reactions of Singlet and Triplet www.aocs.org/store Oxygen in Lipid Oxidation Phone:+ 1 217-693-4803 • Chemistry and Reactions of Reactive Oxygen Fax: + 1 217-693-4847 Species in Lipid Oxidation Email: [email protected] • Oxidation of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Use coupon code BOM0211 when • Oxidation of Conjugated Linoleic Acid ordering to receive discount. • Oxidation of Cholesterol and Phytosterols Offer expires March 14, 2011 • Tocopherol Concentration and Antioxidant Efficacy Special Offer: Purchase this Book of the • Carotenoids and Lipid Oxidation Reactions Month and receive by email, a free sample • Co-oxidation of Proteins by Oxidizing Lipids eChapter, "Radical Formation in the Radiolysis • Lipid Oxidation in Food Dispersions of Starch and Lipid-Containing Starch" from t he • Antioxidant Evaluation Strategies book Lipid Oxidation Pathways, Volume 1. (valid email address required) 112 inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) Foam control for single-rinse fabric conditioners in Latin America
Laurence Gallez and fabric softening. Silicone antifoam compounds are mixtures of polydimethylsiloxane polymers and finely dispersed silica particles. Expressions of environmental concerns about water conser- Owing to its low surface tension, the silicone fluid spreads at the air/ solution interface and exposes the hydrophobic silica particles that vation are becoming more frequent, and water scarcity is a act as foam breakers. growing issue globally. In response, the detergent industry In a washing machine, steady control of foam is needed, rather than its complete elimination or prevention. Correct foam control is is seeking solutions to reduce water consumption in laundry essential, because consumers perceive foam as an indicator of the effi- applications. The last steps in a wash process normally ciency of the liquid or powder cleaning agent. Moreover, imprecise involve several rinse cycles, which represent up to 80% of foam levels can reduce cleaning efficiency of the detergent. In devel- oping and emerging markets where semiautomatic washing machines the water consumed over the entire laundry cycle. Reducing or hand washing predominate, the level of lather in the wash must the number of rinses would allow significant water savings. remain high, as consumers are very sensitive to foam levels and asso- ciate foaming with detergent activity. In contrast, foam must be com- In addition, fewer rinse cycles would enable shorter cycle pletely eliminated in the rinsing step. times and less effort and be particularly beneficial for con- To meet these needs, adding silicone antifoams to fabric soften- sumers who do not have easy access to water. ers seems particularly appropriate as a way to reduce the number of rinses without impacting the foam level in the washing step. The fol- lowing Dow Corning® brand antifoams were selected and evaluated The role of silicones at approximately 0.25% active level: Dow Corning® DSP Antifoam Silicones have been associated with household cleaning applications (14% active), an emulsion characterized by its excellent long-acting for more than 50 years, particularly in the laundry area, where the foam control; Dow Corning® 1430 Antifoam (30% active), an emul- primary use of silicone is foam control in consumer washing machines sion designed to control foam in aqueous systems; Dow Corning® FB 50 Plus (50% active), an easily dispersible concentrate; and Dow Corning® AC 8066, a 100% active antifoam that is efficient even at very low concentrations. The antifoams were evaluated in standard fabric softener formulations comprising esterquat Stepantex® VT-90 (3.34 or 6.67%), Kathon™ LX (0.1%), and water. Washing operations were carried out in semiautomatic machines (Brazilian tanquinhos), using a commercial FIG. 1. Rinse water at the end of the first rinse, using commercially available sin- powder detergent at 3 g/L and 1 kg of colored towels. gle-rinse fabric softeners. From left, commercial benchmarks 1, 2, and 3.
FIG. 2. Rinse water at the end of the first rinse, using silicone antifoams added to a standard 3% esterquat fabric softener. From left to right: control (3% esterquat), Dow Corning® DSP Antifoam, Dow Corning® 1430 Antifoam, Dow Corning® FB 50 Plus, and Dow Corning® AC 8066.
FIG. 3. Rinse water at the end of the first rinse, using silicone antifoams in a standard 6% esterquat fabric softener. From left to right: control (6% esterquat), Dow Corning® DSP Antifoam, Dow Corning® 1430 Antifoam, Dow Corning® FB 50 Plus, and Dow Corning® AC 8066. SD&PC inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) 113
The fabric softener formulations were added in the rinse at 1 g/L. These are typical use conditions in Latin America, especially Brazil. Assessing optimal foam control Figure 1 illustrates the results obtained with three commercial fabric softeners claimed as single rinse fabric softeners. The rinse waters are viewed from the top of the tanquinhos at the end of the first rinse. In most cases, the surface was still covered with foam, indicating the need for additional rinses. Figure 2 shows the results when Dow Corning® brand anti- foams are added to the control standard fabric softener containing 3% esterquat. In Figure 3, the same antifoams were added to the control fabric softener, but containing 6% esterquat. In both cases, a significant reduction of the foam level was obtained compared to the controls and the single-rinse fabric softener benchmarks. Conclusions From these experiments, one can see that the antifoams in this study allow significant reduction of foam in the first rinse in a typical Latin American laundry process. Furthermore, higher efficiency is achieved compared with commercial benchmarks. Because fewer rinses are needed, less water is required for rinsing and less time and effort are necessary to complete the laundry cycle. These attributes would be of particular interest where water scar- city is a concern, as well as in areas where water is not easily accessi- ble. The results of this study could be extrapolated to other washing processes such as the semiautomatic top loaders used in Asia, or to hand washing. Indeed, a large percentage of the world’s population still washes clothes by hand. It is suggested that consumers in these areas would value solutions that allow a reduction of effort associated with doing laundry.
Laurence Gallez joined Dow Corning in 1995 with a mas- ter’s degree in chemistry from the University of Mons (Belgium). She has held positions with the company’s Packaging Innovation Team, Silicone Modified Organ- ics Team, and the Sealants Technology Center. In 2007, Gallez joined Dow Corning’s Antifoam and Granulation Team, where her responsibilities as a developmental chemist focus on developing and evaluating new antifoams. She can be contacted at [email protected].
ShoRT- anD lonG-TERm PRICE FoRECaSTInG (ConTInuED FRom PaGE 110)
Conclusion I once again congratulate GAPKI on making this conference such an important event on the palm oil calendar. I shall conclude by remind- ing you of what the Sage of Omaha (Warren Buffett) said once: “Only when the tide goes out do you discover who has been swimming naked.” Swimmers need to be aware that the palm oil tide is running out.
Dorab E. Mistry is director, Godrej International Ltd., Mumbai, India. He may be contacted at [email protected]. Order today at www.aocs.org/Methods and choose the format to meet your needs. Book of Methods I Online Individual Methods I E-Access I Licensing
TECHNICAL ~ 11!11 SERVICES ,_~~ meeting Report inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) 115 Health Ingredients Europe 2010 EU health claim program progresses slowly
Willem van Nieuwenhuyzen have demonstrated that Fruitflow reduces platelet aggregation in 97% of individuals within 1.5 hours of consumption and that its benefi- The biennial health Ingredients Europe (hiE) exhibition and cial effect lasts up to 18 hours. No side effects, allergenic reactions, or incompatibility with other medication has been reported following conference was held november 16–18, 2010, in madrid, its prolonged use in 10 clinical studies. Spain. With 500 booths (of these, 100 were new exhibitors), Danisco (Copenhagen, Denmark) won the award in the diges- tive health category for Grinsted® Fibreline, its healthier bread tech- the exhibition was of the same size as in 2008. There were nology. In their award statement, the judges had high praise for the country pavilions for the united States, with 25 company ingredient system, which, they stated, “brings the benefits of fiber to a broader audience, enabling bakers to create products with real pro- booths, and France and China with 50 booths. The event was cessing and health benefits.” balanced and not too hectic, which made intensive profes- Innophos (Cranbury, New Jersey, USA) succeeded in the nutri- sional technical discussions possible. tion for young and old category with VersaCal Clear Phosphates for Beverages; and Chr. Hansen’s (Horsholm, Denmark) L. Fermentum Two years ago we reported about the critical attitude of the Euro- PCC won in the category of sports performance, finally bringing the pean Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in the evaluation of first scien- benefits of probiotics to the sports industry, supporting the immune tific opinions about submitted health claim dossiers, and this scenario health of athletes. Probiotics are used today in more mainstream prod- has continued. To date, EFSA has assessed over 1,700 health claims ucts such as yogurts and standard dietary supplements, but the sports of the total of 4,600 submitted dossiers. Fewer than 10% of the dos- nutrition industry has not yet recognized their benefits. PCC® is a siers have been accepted. Outcomes of the evaluations were usually probiotic strain showing effect within sports nutrition and is clini- favorable when there was sufficient scientific evidence to support the cally documented in placebo-controlled studies to reduce illness in claims. These related mainly to vitamins and minerals; specific dietary athletes after training. fibers related to blood glucose control, bowel function, or weight man- No award was made in the category of weight management as agement; fatty acid claims related to brain function, vision, or heart the judges, while praising the potential of the entries, felt that none health; or claims related to live yogurt cultures and lactose digestion. of the entrants met their strict criteria. One member of the short list Many ingredients dossiers have a long way to go for approval. of nominees was Clarinol CLA (conjugated linoleic acid) from Lipid Submitters of disapproved dossiers may work on new clinical trials Nutrition, Wormerveer, Netherlands. This company was surprised by with well-defined products. With this information in mind, the HiE the judges’ decision. was a challenging meeting place. In cooperation with the Union for Ethical Bio Trade for the first time, the Biodiversity Awards were launched. The Biodiversity Lead- HiE 2010 Award Winners ership award went to Coop (Basel, Switzerland), with honorable men- tions to Lotus Foods (San Francisco, California, USA) and Marks & For the Hi-Excellence Innovation Award, the 12 short-listed nomi- Spencer (London, United Kingdom). Coop, the largest supermarket nees presented their ingredients to judges and the public. The nomi- in Switzerland, was awarded in the leadership category for its com- nees were divided into five categories: heart health, digestive health, mitment to regional produce, rare species, and its support for organic nutrition for the young and old, sports performance, and weight farmers. management. Unilever’s Allanblackia project won the Biodiversity Innovation DSM Nutritional Products (Basel, Switzerland) triumphed again award, with an honorable mention being given to Ecoflora (Bogotá, at this year’s HiE Excellence Awards Competition with Fruitflow®, the Colombia). In the Allanblackia project, Unilever is working with rural first natural, scientifically substantiated solution for the promotion of producers and local biodiversity in Africa with the aim of bringing to healthy blood flow. As well as winning the Overall Excellence Inno- market a new vegetable oil. Named after 19th century Scottish bota- vative Health Ingredient Award, the product also won an Excellence nist Allan Black, the Allanblackia tree produces seeds whose oil is com- Award in the category of Heart Health. posed almost entirely of triglycerides of stearic and oleic fatty acids. To date, Fruitflow® is the only ingredient with an approved health The oil was granted a positive novel foods opinion by EFSA in 2007 for claim from EFSA under Article 13.5, opening the way for it to be mar- use in yellow fat and cream-based spreads. Although it is not yet being keted with the claim “Helps maintain normal platelet aggregation, used in products, Unilever is involved in a public-private partnership which contributes to healthy blood flow,” a claim that some believe will in Ghana called the Novella Project to develop the supply chain. save lives. Fruitflow helps maintain a healthy cardiovascular system by The IUFoST (International Union of Food Science and Tech- keeping platelets smooth and reducing platelet aggregation. A natural nology) Award for Young Scientist of the Year was given to Peng tomato extract and safe ingredient, Fruitflow does not disrupt the Zhou, China, with the IUFoST Lifetime Achievement going to Ralph blood clotting process following injury. Published clinical studies Blanchfield, United Kingdom. 116 inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2)
Conferences, Showcase, Oils containing omega-3 and -6 fatty acids, however, were pre- sented actively. The use of omega oils is one of the fast-growing areas New Product Zone in functional foods, supporting heart health and brain health. This The exhibition organizer offered 20 health-related seminars in two sector works hard on obtaining more approvals of Health Claims by parallel sessions over the three days, dealing with topics such as salt the European Union (EU). Marine oils containing DHA (docosahexa- reduction, allergenicity, and (natural) health claim issues. enoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) are offered by a number In the Showcase area, companies presented their products with of companies including Ocean Nutrition (Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, emphasis on technological and nutritional functions. In the New Canada), DSM, Cognis (Düsseldorf, Germany), EPAX (Aalesund, Product Zone, 13 ingredient innovations were shown. Among them Norway), Denomega (Sarpsborg, Norway), and Lipid Nutrition. were the awarded DSM Fruitflow product, DSM’s Lipidfizz Omega Martek Biosciences Corp. (Columbia, Maryland, USA) promoted and polyunsaturated fatty acids in powder and tablets, Clarinol CLA their bland-tasting life’sDHA brand omega-3, extracted from algae. of Lipid Nutrition, and NKO Neptune Krill Oil from Neptune Tech- Omega-3 Smart Short Course. Independently from the HiE, a nologies & Bioressources (Laval, Québec, Canada). successful two-day Omega-3 Fatty Acid Short Course was put on by The special pavilion “Ingredients in Action” was organized by Smart Short Courses organizers Ignace De Bruyne & Associates and Innova Market Insights (Duiven, Netherlands). Newly launched con- Sefa Koseoglu’s Membrane World Inc. Speakers from academia and sumer products, new products developments in the tasting bar panels, industry presented 25 papers about the market, production, develop- and the access of databases were demonstrated there. ment, clinical science, and health claims of omega fatty acids, oils, and phospholipids. Thanks to the excellent program, the short course saw Exhibition intensive participation and discussions. Lecithin. European retailers and food processors continue to In over 500 booths, health ingredients companies and scientific insti- require non-GMO (genetically modified organism), identity-pre- tutes exhibited their products, processes, and expertise. This report served (IP) lecithin. The consequence is that lecithin manufactur- concentrates on products derived from oils and oilseeds, which may ers and specialized trading companies source soy lecithin worldwide. meet the principal interest of inform readers. Excellent soy lecithin qualities from GM beans are not used anymore Oils and fats. In this sector a number of suppliers prefer expos- in foods and are being replaced partially by soy lecithin from shrink- ing their products at the bi-annual Food Ingredient Europe exhibi- ing areas of traditional soybean crops or sunflower and canola (rape- tion and not at the HiE. Therefore, the promotion of bulk oils and seed) lecithin. The large crushing groups did not pay special attention fats was not prioritized to lecithin in their booths. meeting Report inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) 117
Specialty firm Lecico CY (Hamburg, Germany) presented a 842 SPI for soy crisps, extruded snacks and cereals as well as Solbar brochure reporting the issues in sourcing good qualities of lecithin, Q 735 SPI for beverages. derived from soya and sunflower seeds. They presented egg phospho- Various Chinese suppliers presented IP non-GMO soy proteins lipid in cooperation with BNL–Belovo (Wiltz Luxemburg) and intro- for export to Europe. Among them were Linyi Shansong Biological duced a milk phospholipid concentrate LIPAMIN M for functional Products (Linyi City, Shandong); Shandong Banye Co. (Qingdao foods and health supplements. Novastell (Étrépagny, France) also had Shandong); and Sinochem Ningbo (Ningbo Zhejiang). This sector a dedicated booth with lecithins. has grown to a global competitive market. Neptune Biotech continues to report new facts on its Neptune But competition is not only coming from the soybeans. Slowly, Krill Oil NKO containing 40% phospholipids, of which 80% is phos- producers of other vegetable protein sources are trying to get a part phatidylcholine with high omega-3 fatty acid content. It has received of the meat replacer and vegetarian markets. For some decades meat approval from Canada Health. Aker BioMarine (Oslo, Norway) replacers have been processed by combining soy proteins and wheat progresses as well with new scientific reports on the Superba Krill gluten in order to obtain good chewing and elastic fiber properties. Omega-3 Phospholipids. Roquette (Lestrem, France) promoted their pea protein, whose sales Vegetable Proteins. Exhibiting suppliers ADM, Cargill, and Solbar turnover is developing well. Lupine protein may be another interest- offered soy protein concentrates (SPC) and isolates (SPI). Solae ing source for vegetarian meat replacers. (Geneva, Switzerland) launched its new protein multigrain nugget Supro Nugget 173, consisting of 60% soy protein plus 40% multigrain, Looking Forward to HiE 2012 and the Supro Nugget 570 made with mainly SPI for bars, snacks, and The next HiE & Natural Ingredients (Ni) will be held November cereals. In 2010 Solae also announced the launch of two new Alpha 13–15, 2012, in Frankfurt Germany. No doubt it will again be an Functional SPC, made by membrane filtration, and a HVP (hydro- important platform for B2B (business-to-business) meetings and dis- lyzed vegetable protein) Hydrolyzed Soy Protein Flavoring. cussions. In 2011, the Food Ingredients Europe (FiE) & Ni (Natural The Israeli SPC/SPI producer Solbar (Ashdod, Israel) recently Ingredients) will be held in Paris, France, November 29–December 1. acquired the Green Planet Farms Plant to produce SPI in South Sioux See http://hieurope.ingredientsnetwork.com for more details. City, Nebraska, USA. The company’s present corporate rebranding focuses on SPC growth in the meat sector in China, SPI growth in inform Contributing Editor Willem van Nieuwenhuyzen is director the health food sector in the United States, and continuing growth in of Lecipro Consulting, Netherlands, and can be reached by email at the meat and health sectors in Europe. They launched a new Solbar Q [email protected]. 118 inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2)
BIoFuElS nEWS (ConTInuED FRom PaGE 84) hEalTh & nuTRITIon nEWS (ConTInuED FRom PaGE 86) barley straw, hulls, and dried distillers grains people will choose whatever fuel is cheapest, (DDGS). All three are by-products of fer- and that’s likely to be the 15% ethanol.” in human studies. These results also suggest mentation of barley grain for ethanol. “Groups concerned about [E15] require that reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress Oil was produced from each of these by- more time to evaluate the problem so they may be a novel therapeutic target to prevent products via fast pyrolysis. The researchers can give EPA their best ideas on how to age-associated insulin resistance and type 2 found that, in the laboratory, a kilogram of prevent misfueling,” said Charles T. Drevna, diabetes, which is now reaching epidemic barley straw and hulls yielded about half a president of the National Petrochemical & proportions in this country and abroad.” kilogram of bio-oil, with an energy content Refiners Association. The study appeared in Cell Metabolism about half that of No. 2 fuel oil. The energy (12:668–674, 2010) and was supported content of bio-oil from barley DDGS— by the US Public Health Service, German including DDGS contaminated with myco- Seaweed as feedstock Research Foundation, a VA Merit Grant, toxins, which cannot be used to supplement and by the Yale Clinical and Translational livestock feed—was even higher, about two- for biofuel? Science Award (CTSA) grant from the thirds that of No. 2 fuel. On the other hand, it National Center for Research Resources at was more viscous and had a shorter shelf life Producers of ethanol from terrestrial biomass the National Institutes of Health. than the oil produced from straw or hulls. crops must devise methods to break down The scientists suggested that co-locating resistant fibers and extract fermentable fast-pyrolysis units in commercial barley grain sugars. The harsh pretreatment processes olive oil favored ethanol plants could be advantageous. Barley used to release sugars also result in toxic by- grain could be used to produce ethanol, and products that inhibit subsequent microbial by uS dietitians the by-products could be used to produce oil fermentation according to Yong-Su Jin, of the either for transportation fuels or for produc- University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign, A small survey of US dietitians that examined tion of heat and power needed for the grain- USA) Institute of Genomic Biology. their perspectives regarding dietary oils and to-ethanol conversion. “Making biofuels from red seaweed has fats revealed a strong preference for olive oil. Some of this research appeared in Energy been problematic,” said Jin, “because the When asked which food oils they “routinely & Fuels 24:699–706 (2010). process yields both glucose and galactose, recommend to . . . patients,” olive oil was first and until now galactose fermentation has (95%). Canola oil was second (80%), with been very inefficient.” an 89.3% response rate. Soybean oil (8%), Jin and co-workers have identified peanut oil (7%), safflower oil (7%), and flax- EThanol seed oil (7%) trailed far behind. three genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the The survey of 168 attendees of a recent yeast most often used industrially to ferment American Dietetic Association meeting was Groups appeal higher sugars, whose overexpression increases galac- conducted by AOCS member Doug Bibus, tose fermentation by 250% when compared a community faculty member at the Center ethanol blend ruling with a control strain. for Spirituality and Healing at the University Galactose is one of the most abundant Twenty-four organizations asked the US of Minnesota (Minneapolis, USA) and presi- sugars in marine biomass, according to Jin, so Environmental Protection Agency on Decem- dent of Lipid Technologies, LLC. In releasing its enhanced fermentation will be industrially ber 16 for an additional 60 days for public the survey results, Bibus noted that the public comment on proposed regulations designed useful for seaweed biofuel producers. Marine has been confronted by confusing messages to prevent misfueling with gasoline contain- biomass is an attractive renewable feedstock about the consumption of fat, and a survey of ing 15% ethanol (E15). for biofuels for these reasons: professional dietitians “should help provide A letter to EPA Administrator Lisa • Production yields of marine plant some clarity.” The survey was sponsored by Jackson requested the extension beyond the biomass per unit area are much higher Pompeian, Inc., an olive oil importer and original deadline of January 3, 2011. than those of terrestrial biomass. bottler based in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Many of the 24 organizations are man- • Marine biomass can be depolymerized Among the key findings: Olive oil was ufacturers of small-engine equipment, such relatively easily compared with other considered by the survey respondents to be as boat motors, lawn mowers, snowmobiles, biomass crops because it does not one of the top two “health[ful] foods and generators, chain saws, and the like. These contain lignin and cellulose crystalline ingredients,” the first being fruits and vege- organizations contend that gasoline contain- structures. tables, and the third being salmon and fish. ing up to 10% ethanol is safe to run in their • The rate of CO2 fixation by marine Ninety-five percent of the dietitians routinely products, but fueling with E15 could perma- biomass is much higher than by terres- recommend olive oil to their patients. nently damage the engines they make. trial biomass, making it an option for The complete survey results may be In the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel sequestration and recycling of CO2. found at www.pompeian.com/dietitiansur- (December 20, 2010), Kris Kiser, executive The research appeared in Biotechnol- vey. n vice president of the Outdoor Power Equip- ogy and Bioengineering in pre-publication ment Institute (which includes Briggs & format at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ Stratton Corp.), said, “The problem is that doi/10.1002/bit.22988/abstract. n inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2) 119
IS ThERE a nEW noRmal? (ConTInuED FRom PaGE 67)
Wireless World: Digitalization geographies, categories, and price points. But we also learned a hard lesson: The New Normal means you can take nothing—absolutely My second point is the new Wireless World—the world of increasing nothing—for granted. digitalization. Here change is happening at a pace far beyond anything For us it means taking an even longer-term focus—which is why else we’ve seen—and again especially in D&E markets—not only we invest heavily in R&D and advertising, and why we have stopped California, as many believe. Consumers lead these changes faster than giving quarterly guidance to the market. It also means an even greater companies can spot the trends. Agility, fast learning, and adapting are determination to develop low-cost business models that serve the bil- key here as well. It is challenging all parts of our business model. lions of consumers at the Bottom of the Pyramid. In 2010, already 42% of global Internet users are in Asia. That’s It means the industry, together, taking greater responsibility in 825 million people—the same as Europe, North America, the Middle addressing some of the broader global issues surrounding food secu- East, and Australasia together. rity, global warming, poverty, And that’s with only 22% market and water scarcity—areas where penetration. There is still some We have taken a tough and public stand to governments and institutions are way to go! struggling to make an impact. And it will go fast. convert the market to sustainable palm oil. That’s why, for example, we Twitter in Asia is growing at have taken a tough and public 10 times the rate it is growing in With deforestation accounting for up to 20% stand to convert the market developed markets such as the to sustainable palm oil. With United States. In Indonesia, for of global greenhouse gases, this is a must. deforestation accounting for example, 21% of the domestic up to 20% of global greenhouse online population use Twitter. gases, this is a must. As founding And it’s not just Twitter … 1.7 billion people around the world use members of the Round Table on Sustainable Palm Oil, we encourage social networking sites. Facebook, with its over 500 million users, others to make the same commitment. would be the third nation after China and India. And in India, with New business models also mean switching the emphasis from 400 million mobile phones—more people own a phone than have short-term shareholder-value creation to long-term shared value cre- their own toilet. And the list goes on. ation with benefits for all, employees, customers, consumers, and That scale and speed of digitalization are changing the very nature society, across the entire value chain. That is the key to truly sustain- of our world, our relationships, and our business models. It has com- able growth. pletely revolutionized the way Unilever brands are building relation- ships with our consumers. It revolutionizes the way consumers view and interact with brands and companies. I can say with confidence Sustainability that we are embracing this part of the New Normal. We were proud Unless we find ways to grow in a sustainable way, our markets will to have made the first-ever television commercial in the UK—and soon shrink and we will all be open to attack from sermons preaching now, more than half a century later, we are the first launch advertiser reduced consumption to solve the world’s problems. Working only to on Apple’s new iAd platform. improve the parts of the supply chain directly under your control, such Unilever’s Ben & Jerry’s has over a million fans on Facebook, as factories, transport, travel, and the like, is not enough anymore. We regularly interacting with the brand and everything it stands for. But, have to start taking responsibility for the total value chain. again, the point is a broader one. At Unilever we have launched an exciting new vision—to double Digitalization means that the Wireless World of our children and our business while reducing our overall environmental impact. our children’s children will be unrecognizable compared to what we No other company has gone this far, and we need our suppliers to see now. And we all need to think through the consequences for our help us deliver. The New Normal must have Sustainability as a key businesses and relationships. foundation. I’ve already referred to the huge population explosion driving the The New Economic Order growth of the Expanding Markets. This population growth is putting huge strains on the environment and on natural resources. The World The third point on my map, “North,” is the New Economic and Finan- Business Council for Sustainable Development estimates that our cial Order. This is where we really need a new North Star to guide us as natural resource consumption will rise to 170% of the Earth’s bio- we seek to rebuild trust and stability in business and institutions. What capacity by 2040. Sustainability is a burning issue: We have no alter- happened during the sub-prime crisis took us all to the edge. We know native but to act. the causes—and greed certainly had something to do with it! Fortu- Since 1995, Unilever has achieved reductions (via our manufac- nately, the biggest catastrophes appear to have been avoided. turing process) of: But commodities and markets are still in flux. Public confidence is • 44% on greenhouse gases, still understandably low, and all of us have a lot of rebuilding to do. • 70% on waste, and In Unilever we were protected from the most extreme effects • 76% on water. of the crisis by the fact that our portfolio was broad based across continued on neXt page 120 inform February 2011, Vol. 22 (2)
Despite these plans, up to 70% of the carbon footprint of Uni- The recent economic crisis deepened the suspicion and mis- lever’s Laundry products and up to 95% of the water impact are the trust with which many regard big business. We will need to continue direct result of consumers doing laundry at home. to voice our arguments clearly and patiently with governments, non- Over 40% of our R&D budget for Laundry is being invested governmental organizations, consumer groups, and the media. It in developing more sustainable habits across the value chain with requires alignment, cooperation, resources, and commitment from all reduced impact on both the sustainable sourcing of materials and sus- of us. There could be no better challenge than to be part of reshaping tainable living by consumers, while obviously still providing outstand- the map at this time of dynamic change. ing results. Of the 14 million people washing with a Unilever laundry detergent in the next hour, 12 million will be washing by hand. With Working Together our improved rinsing products, we will be saving over 25 million liters Given the size of the challenges, we cannot act alone. We need to of water during this talk alone. work together. Once again, sustainability is where suppliers and manufactur- As manufacturers and suppliers, we should strive for increased ers need to collaborate, be it from less rinsing and more concentrated cooperation to ensure that sustainable sourcing of raw materials brings detergents to reductions in washing temperatures and, ultimately, environmental as well as economic and social benefits. Our industry packaging waste. is ideally placed to fuel economic empowerment. We need to move Ben & Jerry’s is one of our wonderful ice creams. They have much faster than today in converting entire markets to more com- moved to a carbon-neutral model, despite the supply chain requiring pacted and concentrated products. We know how to do this. refrigeration, and are using Fair Trade and sustainably sourced ingre- Collaborations among suppliers are also needed to create new dients. If Ben & Jerry’s sets the standard, that’s a good challenge for sources of raw materials and ingredients to satisfy the emerging market the soap and detergent industry to beat. growth. We also have an opportunity to further build alliances that will spark and accelerate new innovations, offer more performance, and at The Impact on Our Industry the same time provide more affordability for emerging consumers. What this adds up to is an enormous impact on our industry—an All this requires a change in mindset toward an approach based impact that offers huge potential for positive change and growth in on a joint alignment on underlying consumer needs and opportuni- both the short and longer term. If there really is a New Normal, then ties so that we can work together in a spirit of trust and openness to it certainly includes at least the four points of the map: “East” and co-create a solution that works for the consumer. “West,” “North” and “South.” What are the business realities Conclusion we need to embrace if we are to We already provide prod- make the most of that potential? As manufacturers and suppliers, we should ucts that make life easier on an For a start, assume lower strive for increased cooperation to ensure everyday basis for millions of economic growth in the devel- people around the world. We oped markets for some time to that sustainable sourcing of raw materials already play an important part come, and slower growth in the in making this a cleaner, health- emerging markets. Innovation brings environmental as well as economic ier, more hygienically safe world. will be key. With governments And we have shown that we have committed to reducing deficits and social benefits. Our industry is ideally the potential to do much more and protecting jobs, we see a placed to fuel economic empowerment. to shape what I have called the future of increased regulations New Normal, which is full of and higher taxes. opportunities for those willing We need to align to ensure to grasp them. we act in the best interests of the industry and consumers and proac- When we meet next, in four years’ time, the statistics underpin- tively influence the debate. ning the four points of my map will be even more striking. We have a Increased local pressures will encourage protectionism. Our unique opportunity to seize what is literally the chance of a lifetime industry needs to continue to demonstrate the benefits of globaliza- and to demonstrate that our industry is in the forefront of rebuilding tion, which has served the world so well. A lot of effort will be put into consumer trust on a truly global scale. fixing short-term challenges—no bad thing, but we need also to keep But if we are serious about reshaping the future of our indus- the focus on the bigger strategic longer-term vision. try in the ways I’ve outlined, then we shall want to focus on the key Business models need to be sustainable to be around in 10, 20, 50 expanding markets. years time. Growth has to be done in a responsible way, built on the So, no more Montreux? But Mumbai in 2014? Saõ Paolo in principles of long-term shared value and not just shareholder value. 2018? As an industry, we act on the big stage—and we have many audiences. This is a great time—an inspiring time—to be part of the Deter- With that comes responsibility. gents Industry. Thank you. #1 .,... The Biodiesel Handbook, 2nd Edition Gerhard Knothe, Jurgen Krahl, and Jon Van Gerpen, Editors ~ ISBN: 1-893997-62-2·P roduct code 234 ta;S #2 .,... Soap Manufacturing Technology Luis Spitz, Editor PRESS ISBN 978-1-893-997-61-5 ·Product code 238 #3 .,... Practical Guide to Vegetable Oil Processing Monoj K. Gupta Best~ellers ISBN: 978-1-893997-90-5 ·Product code 212 ~ #4 .,... Official Methods for the Determination of Trans Fat, 2nd Edition Magdi M. Mossoba and John K.G. Kramer ISBN 978-1-893997-72-1 ·Product code 247 BiodiesThe el ,,~_.. Handbook # 5 .,... Single Cell Oils ~---- Microbial and Algal Oils, 2nd Edition Zvi Cohen and Col in Ratledge, Editors Official Methods ISBN 978-1-893997-73-8·P roduct code 249 for the Determination #6 .,... Fatty Acids in Health Promotion and of Trans Fat Disease Causation Ronald R. Watson, Editor ISBN978-1-893997-65-3 ·Product code 237 #7 .,... Biobased Surfactants and Detergents Synthesis, Properties, and Applications Douglas Hayes, Dai Kitamoto, Daniel Solaiman, and Richard Ashby, Editors ISBN 978-1-893997-67-7·P roduct code 235 #8 .,... Bleaching and Purifying Fats and Oils Theory and Practice, 2nd Edition Gary List, Editor ISBN978-1-893997-91-2·P roduct code 220 #9 .,... Gourmet and Health-Promoting Specialty Oils AOCS MONOGRAPH SERIES ON OILSEEDS, VOLU ME3 Robert A. Moreau and Afaf Kamal-El din, Editors ISBN 978-1-893997-97-4 ·Product code 241 #10 .,... Soybeans Chemistry, Production, Processing, and Utilization AOCS MONOGRAPH SERIESO N OILSEEDS, VOLU ME2 Lawrence A. Johnson, Pamela J. White, and Richard Galloway, Editors I SBN978 -1-893997-64-6 · Product code 223 International Vear of CHEMISTRY
Your Global Fats and Oils Connection An official event sponsor and proud participant www.aocs.org I 271 OS. Boulder Drive, Urbana, IL 61802-6996 USA