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TALMUDIC STUDIES Ephraim Kanarfogel
chapter 22 TALMUDIC STUDIES ephraim kanarfogel TRANSITIONS FROM THE EAST, AND THE NASCENT CENTERS IN NORTH AFRICA, SPAIN, AND ITALY The history and development of the study of the Oral Law following the completion of the Babylonian Talmud remain shrouded in mystery. Although significant Geonim from Babylonia and Palestine during the eighth and ninth centuries have been identified, the extent to which their writings reached Europe, and the channels through which they passed, remain somewhat unclear. A fragile consensus suggests that, at least initi- ally, rabbinic teachings and rulings from Eretz Israel traveled most directly to centers in Italy and later to Germany (Ashkenaz), while those of Babylonia emerged predominantly in the western Sephardic milieu of Spain and North Africa.1 To be sure, leading Sephardic talmudists prior to, and even during, the eleventh century were not yet to be found primarily within Europe. Hai ben Sherira Gaon (d. 1038), who penned an array of talmudic commen- taries in addition to his protean output of responsa and halakhic mono- graphs, was the last of the Geonim who flourished in Baghdad.2 The family 1 See Avraham Grossman, “Zik˙atah shel Yahadut Ashkenaz ‘el Erets Yisra’el,” Shalem 3 (1981), 57–92; Grossman, “When Did the Hegemony of Eretz Yisra’el Cease in Italy?” in E. Fleischer, M. A. Friedman, and Joel Kraemer, eds., Mas’at Mosheh: Studies in Jewish and Moslem Culture Presented to Moshe Gil [Hebrew] (Jerusalem, 1998), 143–57; Israel Ta- Shma’s review essays in K˙ ryat Sefer 56 (1981), 344–52, and Zion 61 (1996), 231–7; Ta-Shma, Kneset Mehkarim, vol. -
Source Sheet on Prohibitions on Loshon Ha-Ra and Motzi Shem Ra and Disclosing Another’S Confidential Secrets and Proper Etiquette for Speech
Source Sheet on Prohibitions on Loshon ha-ra and motzi shem ra and disclosing another’s confidential secrets and Proper Etiquette for Speech Deut. 24:9 - "Remember what the L-rd your G-d did unto Miriam by the way as you came forth out of Egypt." Specifically, she spoke against her brother Moses. Yerushalmi Berachos 1:2 Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai said, “Had I been at Mount Sinai at the moment when the torah was given to Yisrael I would have demanded that man should have been created with two mouths- one for Torah and prayer and other for mundane matters. But then I retracted and exclaimed that if we fail and speak lashon hara with only one mouth, how much more so would we fail with two mouths Bavli Arakhin15b R. Yochanan said in the name of R.Yosi ben Zimra: He who speaks slander, is as though he denied the existence of the Lord: With out tongue will we prevail our lips are our own; who is lord over us? (Ps.12:5) Gen R. 65:1 and Lev.R. 13:5 The company of those who speak slander cannot greet the Presence Sotah 5a R. Hisda said in the name of Mar Ukba: When a man speaks slander, the holy one says, “I and he cannot live together in the world.” So scripture: “He who slanders his neighbor in secret…. Him I cannot endure” (Ps. 101:5).Read not OTO “him’ but ITTO “with him [I cannot live] Deut.Rabbah 5:10 R.Mana said: He who speaks slander causes the Presence to depart from the earth below to heaven above: you may see foryourselfthat this is so.Consider what David said: “My soul is among lions; I do lie down among them that are aflame; even the sons of men, whose teeth are spears and arrows, and their tongue a sharp sword” (Ps.57:5).What follows directly ? Be Thou exalted O God above the heavens (Ps.57:6) .For David said: Master of the Universe what can the presence do on the earth below? Remove the Presence from the firmament. -
Shabbat Shalom from Cyberspace May 11, 2013 - 2 Sivan 5773
Shabbat Shalom from Cyberspace May 11, 2013 - 2 Sivan 5773 SHABBAT SHALOM FROM CYBERSPACE BEMIDBAR/SHABUOT MAY 10-11, 2013 2 SIVAN 5773 Day 46 of the Omer Happy Mother’s Day to all and Happy Anniversary Chantelle SEPHARDIC CONGREGATION OF LONG BEACH We look forward to welcoming Baruch and Michal Abittan & Rabbi Dr. Meyer and Debra who along with Rebetzin Ida are sponsoring the Kidush in honor of their, daughter, granddaughter and great granddaughter Sarah Chaya, Abittan Friday Night: Candles: 7:41 PM - Afternoon and Evening service (Minha/Arbith): 7:00 PM Morning Service (Shaharith): 9:00AM –Please say Shemah at home by 8:29 AM 11:00 - 12:00 Orah's will be here with our Shabbat Morning Kids Program upstairs in the Rabbi's study. Stories, Tefillah, Games, Snacks and more . And Leah Colish will be babysitting down in the playroom 5:30 - Mincha Shabbat Afternoon Oneg with Rabbi Yosef and Leah; Treats, Stories, Basketball, Hula-hoop, Parsha Quiz, Tefillot, Raffles and Fun! Supervised play during Seudat Shelishit. 5:30: Ladies Torah Class at the Lemberger's 1 East Olive. Pirkei Avot 6:30 with Rabbi Aharon Minha: 7:00 PM – Seudah Shelishi and a Class 7:30 – with Rabbi David – Seudah Shelishi co-sponsored in honor of Chantelle and David’s anniversary and for all the moms on mother’s day … Evening Service (Arbith): 8:30 PM - Shabbat Ends: 8:41PM WEEKDAY TEFILLA SCHEDULE Shaharit Sunday8:00, Mon-Fri at 7:00 (6:55 Mondays and Thursdays) WEEKDAY TORAH CLASS SCHEDULE Daily 6:30 AM class – Honest Business Practices Monday Night Class with Rabba Yanai – 7PM Monday night LADIES: Wednesday Night 8PM with Esther Wein at various homes – continues next week Financial Peace University – Continues next Tuesday at 8PM The sisterhood will once again sponsor lunch the second day of shavuoth. -
Download Full Journal (PDF)
SAPIR A JOURNAL OF JEWISH CONVERSATIONS THE ISSUE ON POWER ELISA SPUNGEN BILDNER & ROBERT BILDNER RUTH CALDERON · MONA CHAREN MARK DUBOWITZ · DORE GOLD FELICIA HERMAN · BENNY MORRIS MICHAEL OREN · ANSHEL PFEFFER THANE ROSENBAUM · JONATHAN D. SARNA MEIR SOLOVEICHIK · BRET STEPHENS JEFF SWARTZ · RUTH R. WISSE Volume Two Summer 2021 And they saw the God of Israel: Under His feet there was the likeness of a pavement of sapphire, like the very sky for purity. — Exodus 24: 10 SAPIR Bret Stephens EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Mark Charendoff PUBLISHER Ariella Saperstein ASSO CIATE PUBLISHER Felicia Herman MANAGING EDITOR Katherine Messenger DESIGNER & ILLUSTRATOR Sapir, a Journal of Jewish Conversations. ISSN 2767-1712. 2021, Volume 2. Published by Maimonides Fund. Copyright ©2021 by Maimonides Fund. No part of this journal may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written consent of Maimonides Fund. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. WWW.SAPIRJOURNAL.ORG WWW.MAIMONIDESFUND.ORG CONTENTS 6 Publisher’s Note | Mark Charendoff 90 MICHAEL OREN Trial and Triage in Washington 8 BRET STEPHENS The Necessity of Jewish Power 98 MONA CHAREN Between Hostile and Crazy: Jews and the Two Parties Power in Jewish Text & History 106 MARK DUBOWITZ How to Use Antisemitism Against Antisemites 20 RUTH R. WISSE The Allure of Powerlessness Power in Culture & Philanthropy 34 RUTH CALDERON King David and the Messiness of Power 116 JEFF SWARTZ Philanthropy Is Not Enough 46 RABBI MEIR Y. SOLOVEICHIK The Power of the Mob in an Unforgiving Age 124 ELISA SPUNGEN BILDNER & ROBERT BILDNER Power and Ethics in Jewish Philanthropy 56 ANSHEL PFEFFER The Use and Abuse of Jewish Power 134 JONATHAN D. -
Jewish Perspectives on Reproductive Realities by Rabbi Lori Koffman, NCJW Board Director and Chair of NCJW’S Reproductive Health, Rights and Justice Initiative
Jewish Perspectives on Reproductive Realities By Rabbi Lori Koffman, NCJW Board Director and Chair of NCJW’s Reproductive Health, Rights and Justice Initiative A note on the content below: We acknowledge that this document invokes heavily gendered language due to the prevailing historic male voices in Jewish rabbinic and biblical perspectives, and the fact that Hebrew (the language in which these laws originated) is a gendered language. We also recognize some of these perspectives might be in contradiction with one another and with some of NCJW’s approaches to the issues of reproductive health, rights, and justice. Background Family planning has been discussed in Judaism for several thousand years. From the earliest of the ‘sages’ until today, a range of opinions has existed — opinions which can be in tension with one another and are constantly evolving. Historically these discussions have assumed that sexual intimacy happens within the framework of heterosexual marriage. A few fundamental Jewish tenets underlie any discussion of Jewish views on reproductive realities. • Protecting an existing life is paramount, even when it means a Jew must violate the most sacred laws.1 • Judaism is decidedly ‘pro-natalist,’ and strongly encourages having children. The duty of procreation is based on one of the earliest and often repeated obligations of the Torah, ‘pru u’rvu’, 2 to be ‘fruitful and multiply.’ This fundamental obligation in the Jewish tradition is technically considered only to apply to males. Of course, Jewish attitudes toward procreation have not been shaped by Jewish law alone, but have been influenced by the historic communal trauma (such as the Holocaust) and the subsequent yearning of some Jews to rebuild community through Jewish population growth. -
© in This Web Service Cambridge University
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-65217-9 - Jewish Texts on the Visual Arts Edited With Commentary by Vivian B. Mann Index More information INDEX Aaron, 126—9 Alshekh, Moses (d. after 1593), 86,194n6i Abasban, Solomon (16th century), 86,194n6i Amado, David (ca. 1745), 48, 50, 54 Aboab, Samuel (1610-94), i7> 58-60, Amos (prophet, 765-50 BCE), 1741132 i88n85, i88n87, i89n89 Amsterdam Haggadah (1695), 127 Abraham, Jacob (1732-1800), 140,14if Angelo di Elia (ca. 1507), 11 Abraham de Orefice (ca. 1492), 78 animals, images of: in prayer books, no—11; Abstract Expressionism, 152,153, 155 on seals, 24f; in stained glass, 33, 71-5; Abulafia, Samuel haLevi (1320-61), 76-8 and Talmud on idolatry, I78ni5, i8on36, Adler, Cyrus (1865-1940), 158 182ml; on textiles, 39-42,183^1-3; on Adret, Solomon ben (1235-1310), 11, 54, 57, Torah ark, 116-20,120-3 95, i86n56, i88n76 Applied Arts Museum (Kunstgewerbemu- aesthetics: and appreciation of beauty of art seum, Diisseldorf), 156 in rabbinic texts, 13-16; and communal Aragon (Spain), n ownership of ceremonial art, 80; and architecture: and churches of medieval Israel Isserlein on ornaments for the Cologne, 72; and copies of famous eccle Torah scroll, 115; and manuscript illumi siastical structures in Middle Ages, 8, nations in prayer books, 109; and syna i94n7o; property rights and expansion of gogue lamps, 123—6 synagogue, 90,1741125; and reuse of Agam, Yaacov (b. 1928), 151 Church and mosque buildings as syna Ahab (king of Samaria, 874-52 B.C.E.), 8, gogues, 66-8, 78-9,192n33; and i74-n32 20th-century synagogues in U.S., 97-9. -
Toronto to Have the Canadian Jewish News Area Canada Post Publication Agreement #40010684 Havdalah: 7:53 Delivered to Your Door Every Week
SALE FOR WINTER $1229 including 5 FREE hotel nights or $998* Air only. *subject to availabilit/change Call your travel agent or EL AL. 416-967-4222 60 Pages Wednesday, September 26, 2007 14 Tishrei, 5768 $1.00 This Week Arbour slammed by two groups National Education continues Accused of ‘failing to take a balanced approach’ in Mideast conflict to be hot topic in campaign. Page 3 ognizing legitimate humanitarian licly against the [UN] Human out publicly about Iran’s calls for By PAUL LUNGEN needs of the Palestinians, we regret Rights Council’s one-sided obses- genocide.” The opportunity was Rabbi Schild honoured for Staff Reporter Arbour’s repeated re- sion with slamming there, he continued, because photos 60 years of service Page 16 sort to a one-sided Israel. As a former published after the event showed Louise Arbour, the UN high com- narrative that denies judge, we urge her Arbour, wearing a hijab, sitting Bar mitzvah boy helps missioner for Human Rights, was Israelis their essential to adopt a balanced close to the Iranian president. Righteous Gentile. Page 41 slammed by two watchdog groups right to self-defence.” approach.” Ahmadinejad was in New York last week for failing to take a bal- Neuer also criti- Neuer was refer- this week to attend a UN confer- Heebonics anced approach to the Arab-Israeli cized Arbour, a former ring to Arbour’s par- ence. His visit prompted contro- conflict and for ignoring Iran’s long- Canadian Supreme ticipation in a hu- versy on a number of fronts. Co- standing call to genocide when she Court judge, for miss- man rights meeting lumbia University, for one, came in attended a human rights conference ing an opportunity to of the Non-Aligned for a fair share of criticism for invit- in Tehran earlier this month. -
The Lord Immanuel Jakobovits Center
THE LORD RABBI IMMANUEL JAKOBOVITS CENTER FOR JEWISH MEDICAL ETHICS BEN-GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV BEER-SHEVA, ISRAEL REPORT 5774 2013-2014 P.O.B. 653 BEER-SHEVA 84105, ISRAEL TEL.972- 8-6477414-5 FAX.972-8-6477633 CENTER STAFF / ASSOCIATES . Alan B. Jotkowitz M.D. Senior Lecturer Director – The Lord Jakobovits Center . Carmi Z. Margolis M.D. Professor of Pediatric Medicine Director Emeritus, The Lord Jakobovits Center . Shimon M. Glick M.D. Professor Emeritus of Medicine Director Emeritus, The Lord Jakobovits Center . Frank (Yeruham) J. Leavitt Ph.D. Senior Lecturer ?? . Mark Clarfield M.D. Professor of Geriatrics . Ute Deichmann Ph.D. Lecturer ?? . Zeev Silverman Ph.D. Professor in the Department of Morphology . Frieda Simonstein Post Doctoral fellow – reproductive ethics . Rabbi Akivah Nachshon M.D. Surgical Resident . Gad Potashnik M.D. Professor of Obstetrics . Hannah Ziedenberg Nursing instructor . Asher Weller Medical student . Danielle Ophir Medical student . Adam Rosenbloom Medical student . Diana Marcus Executive Secretary 2 SUPPORTING FOUNDATIONS AND INDIVIDUALS . Kaplan-Kushlik Foundation . Mendel Kaplan . Jill Kaplan . S. Daniel Abraham . Michael Gross . Mrs. Els Bendheim . Mr. Solomon Freedman . Dr. Heinz-Horst Deichman . Elizabeth and Sidney Corob . Prof. Louis Waller . Dr. Ingrid Tauber . Dr. Fred Tauber . Dr. Bernard Kabakow . Mr. Haim Sheer - CG Foundation . Mr. Azriel Reichman We herewith acknowledge, with appreciation, the financial and moral support of the above named foundation and individuals. It is thanks to their help that the work of the Center is being promoted. Special Thanks goes to our Faculty Dean, Prof. Shaul Sofer and to Mr. Hertzl Jean, Head Faculty Administrator for their help and support and to Lady Jakobovits for her continued interest and devotion to the work of the Center. -
CBS Torah Weekly Matot Masei 2020
J U L Y 1 8 , 2M0 A2 Y0 |8 , M 2A0 T2 O0 T|- ME AMSOERI | P A G E 1 Congregation Beth Sholom TORAH WEEKLY Learning Initiative ז"ל A Project of the Linda Mitgang To sponsor, please click here The Longest Three Weeks BY RABBI KENNETH HAIN ZMANIM [email protected] Candle-lighting 8:04 pm Mincha 7:00 pm Clearly this summer of the pandemic is a summer of our 8:12 pm discontent. Since March we have struggled with increasing 7:45 am restrictions and numbing isolation. Our celebrations are Shacharit Hashkama 8:45 am curtailed and our social interactions are minimal, and now Shacharit Sephardic 9:15 am we find ourselves in the Three Weeks period before Tish A Shacharit Joel Shiff/Main 8:10 pm B’Av and it hardly feels different from the past four months. Mincha Shiur with Rabbi Miller 8:25 pm I have been exploring new understandings of this Three Maariv 9:05 pm Week period. Our son Rabbi Yonah Hain at Columbia Shabbos Ends 9:11 pm University Hillel has shared with me some remarkable ideas and I hope to share them with you next week in a two part IN THIS ISSUE Zoom series – “ The Challenge of Lamentation” Monday, & Tuesday, July 20-21. 1 The Longest Three Weeks Rabbi Hain Much of our tradition focuses on the anticipation of what will 2 On the 5T's Vaad HaKashrus happen after the Three Week period of sadness. A Midrash Rabbi Fogel from Eicha Rabba 1:2 demonstrates this approach: 4 An Alternate Ending to the Torah “…she has no comforter…” (Lamentations 1:2) – R. -
Probing the Prophets
BY RABBI NACHMAN (NEIL) WINKLER PROBING Faculty, OU Israel Centerl THE PROPHETS n ancient Israel, while the Bet HaMik- Yechezkel, however, is based NOT on dash stood and Israel observed the rites defilement and purification of the indi- Iand rituals dictated to us in the Torah, vidual but, as R. Yehuda Shaviv, z”l Chazal understood that, as the Pesach holi- points out, with the defilement of an day approached, it was essential to remind entire nation. The navi condemns an the people that one must maintain a state of Israelite nation who “defiled” the holy “purity”, since one who was impure could land-not through contact with the dead, not partake of the Korban Pesach. For this but through immoral behavior that vio- reason, both today’s special Maftir read- lated the sanctity of Eretz Yisra’el. The ing as well as the accompanying haftarah, parsha discusses tum’at haguf, a physi- focus upon the concepts of tahara and cal impurity, while the haftarah speaks tum’ah, purity and defilement. But there of moral defilement. And, whereas the is an essential difference between the two Torah speaks of a place that defiled a themes found in these readings. person (a tent in which a corpse is found) The Torah reading speaks of the defile- the navi, speaks of a people who defiled a ment of the individual, a result of direct place. And as the Torah reading was espe- or indirect contact with a “met”, a corpse. cially pertinent to the past Temple-era A litany of laws, a veritable instruction generations, I would submit that the booklet given to the nation, clarifies for haftarah has a message that is especially them how to avoid defilement and, when fitting for today’s generation. -
Talmudic Metrology IV: Halakhic Currency
Talmudic Metrology IV: The Halakhic Currency Abstract. In 66 B.C.E. Palestine entered under Roman protection and from 6 C.E. on it would be under Roman administration. This situation persisted until the conquest by the Persians in the beginning of the seventh century. The Jerusalem Talmud was thus completely elaborated under Roman rule. Therefore, as for the other units of measure, the Halakhik coinage and the Jerusalem Talmudic monetary denominations are completely dependent on Roman coinage of the time and Roman economic history. Indeed, during the first century Tyrian coinage was similar to the imperial Roman coinage. Nevertheless, during the third century the debasement of Roman money became significant and the Rabbis had difficulty finding the Roman equivalents of the shekel, in which the Torah obligations are expressed and of the prutah, the least amount in Jewish law. In this article we describe the Halakhik coinage, originally based on the Tyrian coinage, and examine the history of the Shekel and the Prutah. We then examine the exegesis of different Talmudic passages related to monetary problems and to the Halakhic coinage, which cannot be correctly understood without referring to Roman economic history and to numismatic data that was unknown to the traditional commentators of the Talmud. Differences between parallel passages of both the Jerusalem and the Babylonian Talmud can then be explained by referring to the economical situation prevailing in Palestine and Babylonia. For example, the notion of Kessef Medina, worth one eighth of the silver denomination, is a Babylonian reality that was unknown to Palestinian Tanaïm and Amoraïm. -
Shulchan Arukh Amy Milligan Old Dominion University, [email protected]
Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Women's Studies Faculty Publications Women’s Studies 2010 Shulchan Arukh Amy Milligan Old Dominion University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/womensstudies_fac_pubs Part of the History of Religions of Western Origin Commons, Liturgy and Worship Commons, Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons, and the Yiddish Language and Literature Commons Repository Citation Milligan, Amy, "Shulchan Arukh" (2010). Women's Studies Faculty Publications. 10. https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/womensstudies_fac_pubs/10 Original Publication Citation Milligan, A. (2010). Shulchan Arukh. In D. M. Fahey (Ed.), Milestone documents in world religions: Exploring traditions of faith through primary sources (Vol. 2, pp. 958-971). Dallas: Schlager Group:. This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the Women’s Studies at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Women's Studies Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Spanish Jews taking refuge in the Atlas Mountains in the fifteenth century (Spanish Jews taking refuge in the Atlas Mountains, illustration by Michelet c.1900 (colour litho), Bombled, Louis (1862-1927) / Private Collection / Archives Charmet / The Bridgeman Art Library International) 958 Milestone Documents of World Religions Shulchan Arukh 1570 ca. “A person should dress differently than he does on weekdays so he will remember that it is the Sabbath.” Overview Arukh continues to serve as a guide in the fast-paced con- temporary world. The Shulchan Arukh, literally translated as “The Set Table,” is a compilation of Jew- Context ish legal codes.