Physics in Pisa in the first half of the XX century: a reappraisal Paolo Rossi ‒ Dipartimento di Fisica “E. Fermi” dell’Università di Pisa and Cen- tro Fermi ‒ Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”, Roma ‒
[email protected] Abstract: In the first half of the XX century Physics in Pisa was character- ized by the strong personalities of the two full professors of Experimental Physics who kept in turn the (only) chair in the Institute, directed by Battelli from 1893 to 1916 and by Puccianti from 1917 to 1947. Both were ingen- ious and expert experimentalists, but both showed only limited interest to- wards the most recent developments of theoretical physics. As a consequence, while being undoubtedly able to form new generations of well trained and high quality scientists (from Occhialini père, Perucca and Brunetti to Polvani, Ronchi, Carrara, Bolla, Bernardini, G. Gentile jr, Budinich, Borsellino, Gozzini, Verde and Castagnoli, not to mention Fermi and Rasetti), they never really favored the birth of a local school of Theoret- ical Physics, thus opening a hiatus in the local culture, to be filled (with some pain) only in the second half of the century. Keywords: Physics, Pisa, Battelli, Puccianti, XX century. 1. The direction of Battelli (1893-1916) At the beginning of the XXth century, Pisa was one of the main Italian seats for the study of physics. In the fundamental study of B.J. Reeves, Pisa is, together with Rome, Padua and Turin, one of the few locations to which a whole specific and detailed chapter is ded- icated (Reeves 1980).