Index

2ºC target 435–6, 443, 448, 467–72, 471 Asian financial crisis 1998 52, 154, 169, 9/11 262 188, 190, 192 As-Is Agreement 258 Abazi, A. 297 Assad 284 Aboriginal peoples 3, 21–30, 33, 36–7, Association for the Study of Peak Oil 39–40 see also Indigenous peoples and Gas (ASPO) 270 Abu Dhabi 252, 347 austerity 312, 406, 412 Acemoglu, D. 103 Australia 74, 145–6, 169, 269, 274, 280, advanced metering infrastructure 282, 344, 452, 470 (AMI) 353–4, 372–3 Austria 274, 281 African Natural Resource Center Averchenkova, A. 448–9, 470 (ANRC) 217 aviation 257, 352 agriculture 20, 89, 184, 193, 216, 238, Aviva 319 240, 255–6, 264, 266, 331, 465 Ayres, Ian 386 Alaska 103–4, 106, 116 Azerbaijan 272 Albania 274 Alekperov, Vagit 69 Bahrain 245, 274 Algeria 115–16, 145, 272, 280, 283, Bali Action Plan 442 458 Ban Ki-moon 317 Ali Al-Naimi, H.E. 338 Banerjee, A. 103 Allcott, Hunt 386 Bang, G. 448–9 Allot, K. 420 Bank of America 314 Altai 137, 144–5, 149–50 barriers to entry 227, 229, 341–2 alternative energy 161–3 see also barter 311, 313 renewable energy Bashneft 70–72 American call option 294–5 Bassi, S. 470 American Sustainable Business Beijing Enterprises Group 134 Council 315 Beijing Gas Group (BGG) 136–7 Andrews-Speed, Philip 76 Beijing Gas Group Company Limited Anglo-Persian Oil Company 258 64 Angola 60–61, 65, 68, 72, 272 Belarus 50–51 Ant Financial 318 Belgium 267, 281 APR 57, 59–60 Bharat PetroResources 72–3 Arab Light 333, 336–9 Bhutan 467 Arab Spring 267 bin Laden, Osama 262 Aramco 116 biofuels 282 Argentina 128–30, 272, 283, 452, 470 biomass 162–3, 242, 276, 309, 407, Argus Media 332, 344, 346 409–10, 429, 439 Argus Sour Crude Index (ASCI) 344 Bivens, J. 456 Arizona Public Service (APS) 377 blackouts 174, 185, 195, 359, 369–70, Arrow, K.J. 105 375, 392 Asia premium debate 335–9 BlackRock 314 Asian Development Bank 190 Blonz, Joshua A. 384–5

483

Jennifer I. Considine - 9781784712303 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/27/2021 08:47:01AM via free access

M4475-CONSIDINE_9781784712297_t.indd 483 01/05/2018 13:14 484 Handbook of energy politics

Blood, David 319 Canadian Environmental Assessment Bloomberg, Michael 310, 314, 449 Agency (CEA Agency) 3–6, 21, Bloomberg New Energy Finance 282 26, 30 BMI Research 57 Cancun Agreements 440 Bodansky, D. 468 capitalism 109, 258 Bogdanchikov, Sergey 52–3, 55–6 Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Bolis, Mara 314 405, 407–9, 411, 417, 419–20, Bolivia 68, 274 422–3, 429–30 Bollinger, Bryan 384 Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) 315 Borenstein, Severin 380–81, 383 Carbon Disclosure Standards Board BP 51, 72, 77, 95, 116, 146, 237, 239, (CDSB) 317 258, 277, 326, 330, 340, 347, 473 carbon emissions 83–4, 88, 140, 148, see also TNK-BP 162, 175, 198, 310, 357, 408, Brazil 68, 128–30, 148, 154, 274, 316, 411–12, 420, 445, 447, 473 see also 440, 452, 470 greenhouse gas emissions; low- Brent crude 335–6, 338–9, 343–4, carbon energy 346–8 carbon pricing mechanisms 139 Brexit 407, 427–30, 458–60, 469, 472 Carbon Tracker 314, 318 Brightness Programme 193 carbon trading 424 British Columbia Environmental Carbon Trust 315, 317 Assessment Office (BC EAO) 3–6, caribou 13, 16, 18–20, 33, 35, 38–9 12, 16, 18–20, 24–6, 28, 30, 32–5 Carney, Mark 310, 316, 472 British Columbia Ministry of Ceres 315 Aboriginal Relations and Certificate of Public Convenience and Reconciliation (BC MARR) 20, Necessity (CPCN) 4–5, 7–8, 11, 32–4 20, 30–31, 39 British Columbia Ministry of Chad 274 Environment (BC MOE) 19, 35 Charness, G. 108 British Columbia Ministry of Natural Chávez, Hugo 119, 285 Gas Development (BC MNGD) Chernobyl 257 34–5 Chevron 237, 258 British Columbia, natural gas Chile 274, 374, 452 development in 3–40 China 108, 126, 130, 154, 168–71, 173, British Columbia Oil and Gas 175, 215, 224–6, 229, 236, 238, Commission (BC OGC) 5 244, 265, 272, 281, 283, 316–19, British Columbia Treaty Commission 325–8, 330, 336, 339, 344–6, 416, 24 426, 440, 444, 449, 451–3, 455, British Empire 264, 277 457, 459, 470–72 British Petroleum see BP climate action 444–8, 473 Brunei 274 energy development and natural gas Bulgaria 270 development 81–101 Burger, Scott P. 363 evolving energy policy 179–208 Burke, T. 411 low-carbon and green energy 81–91 Burkina Faso 453 RIC energy relations 49–77 Bush, George W. 284 Sino-Russian gas cooperation 133–50, 168–9, 171 Cameroon 274 China Development Bank 56, 68–9, Canada 3, 16–19, 22, 24–5, 37, 116, 137, 148–9 148, 154, 157, 192, 195, 249, 272, China Energy Research Society 280, 282–3, 329–30, 369, 451, 470 (CERS) 138

Jennifer I. Considine - 9781784712303 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/27/2021 08:47:01AM via free access

M4475-CONSIDINE_9781784712297_t.indd 484 01/05/2018 13:14 Index 485

China Exim Bank 137, 148–9, 225 Colombia 130, 269, 272, 283, 317, 458 China Light and Power 185 colonialism 103, 214 China National Chemical Corporation Columbia Center on Sustainable (ChemChina) 66, 134 Investment 228 China National Coal Corporation combined cooling, heat and power (CNNC) 184 (CCHP) 89 China National Offshore Oil combined heat and power (CHP) 89 Corporation (CNOOC) 99, 145–7, Committee on Climate Change 409, 184 411 China National Petroleum and Gas Committee on the Status of Corporation (CNPC) 53, 55–7, Endangered Wildlife in Canada 62–5, 67–70, 72–3, 99, 134–9, (COSEWIC) 20–21 141–5, 148–9, 184 Commons, J.R. 103 China Petrochemical Corporation see communism 108, 184, 205, 241, 256 Sinopec Compagnie Française des Petroles 116 China Petroleum Pipeline Bureau Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) (CPP) 148 438–9 China Petroleum Planning and Constitution Act (1982) 21, 23 Engineering Institute 88, 91, Contracts for Difference Feed-in Tariff 141–3 (CfD Fit) 411, 418–19, 421–2, China Power Investment Corporation 424–8 189–90 COP 1–7 441 Chinese downstream 54, 65–6, 73 COP 8–14 441 Chinese Meteorological COP 15 436, 440, 442, 447, 467 Administration 445 COP 16 440, 442 Chiu, C. 337 COP 17 440, 442 Christianity 260 COP 18 440, 442 Churchill, Winston 258, 277 COP 19 440, 442 Clean Development Mechanism COP 20 440, 443 200–201 COP 21 440, 443, 467 Climate Action 315 COP 22–26 443 Climate Action Tracker 467 Copenhagen Accord 16, 438, 440, 442, Climate Bonds Initiative 316 455, 467–8 climate change 84, 87, 138, 145, 175, corruption 172, 174, 191, 221, 223, 255, 267, 276, 310, 314–15, 352, 228, 298, 303 355, 357, 359, 366–7, 406–7, Cosmo Oil 334 412–13, 415–17, 419, 421, 430, cost benefit analysis 364–5 435–7, 447–54, 456, 459–63, Costa Rica 317, 467 469–73 see also geopolitics of Cox-Rubinstein Model 292 climate action Critical Peak Pricing (CPP) 381 coal 64, 81–2, 85–9, 92–3, 96–7, 101, Croatia 274 138–40, 143–4, 148, 150, 154–7, crude oil 49–62, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 160, 173, 183, 185–7, 189, 191, 76, 116, 170, 238, 240–41, 286, 193–4, 196–7, 202, 206–7, 242, 295–9, 304, 324–5, 329–40, 257–8, 266, 277, 280–22, 286, 309, 342–6, 348, 350, 449, 458 see also 332, 355, 376, 411, 416–17, 445–6, hydrocarbons 454, 473 Cultural Revolution 183 coal-bed methane 92–3, 97, 142 cybersecurity 357, 366, 380, 388–90, Coase, R. 104 450 Cold War 236, 257, 278 Czech Republic 281

Jennifer I. Considine - 9781784712303 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/27/2021 08:47:01AM via free access

M4475-CONSIDINE_9781784712297_t.indd 485 01/05/2018 13:14 486 Handbook of energy politics

Dalian Commodities Exchange 345 economic growth 36, 49, 84, 87, 91, dams 183, 185, 191, 198 101, 103, 126, 153, 179, 184, 186, Dapena, J. 292 188, 190, 194–5, 199, 204, 213, Datang 189–90 218–19, 223, 236, 238, 263, 288, Davey, Edward 422 313, 318, 326, 328, 423, 437, de Castro, L. 375 444–5, 447, 457–60 Debelke, J. 458 economic institutional systems 108–9 decolonization 236 Economics and Technology Research Demand Response (DR) 361–2, Institute (ETRI) 138–9, 141–4 380–82, 388 Ecuador 68, 269, 272 demand-side management 179, 186, Egypt 272, 276 193–4, 204–6, 373 electric distribution systems (EDS) 354 Deng Xiaoping 184, 188 electric transmission systems (ETS) 354 Denmark 251–2, 274, 406, 415–17, 424, electric vehicles 243–5, 279, 282, 426, 429 318–19, 353–4, 356–8, 367, 370, depletion profiles 250–54, 269 372, 377 depopulation 50 electricity 82–3, 88–9, 144, 155–6, 162, Deterding, Henri 258 170, 175, 222, 228, 243, 245, 257, Diamond, J. 103 268, 281, 310, 318–20, 351, 405, Discount Strategy 114–17, 119–21 418, 420–21, 423–4, 426–7, 463 see Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) also smart grid 291–2 in China 179–208 distributed energy resources (DERs) how smart grid is changing the 351, 354–5, 357–8, 361–2, 365, electricity delivery system 367–9, 373–4, 376, 378, 380, 387, 369–73 389–90 Electricity Market Reform (EMR) 424, distributed generation (DG) 356, 427–8 361–2, 368, 372, 374, 378–80, emission trading scheme (ETS) 445, 388–9 473 Doha Agreement 440, 442, 467–8 endangered species 13, 16, 18–21, 33, DPRK see North Korea 35, 38–9 Drake, Edwin 235 energy diplomacy 172–3 Dubai 136, 333–6, 338–9, 343, 345–9 energy efficiency 89, 186, 367, 416–17, Dubai Mercantile Exchange (DME) 469 343 Energy Information Administration Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (EIA) 51, 60–61, 328, 449 440, 442 Energy Research Institute (ERI) 87, Dutch disease 289 90, 92–3 Dutra, J. 375 energy scandal 174–5 Dvorkovich, Arkady 63 energy security 51, 75, 85, 276, 278, 331, 406, 411, 419, 449, 458, 471 Early Man 255 definition of 165–7 East Siberia 50, 53, 55, 62, 64, 134–8, Energy Union 466 168, 344 ENI 237 East Siberian Oil and Gas Company entrepreneurs 180, 214–15, 218, 222–3, 134 225, 227, 229, 261, 309, 320 East Siberia–Pacific Ocean (ESPO) Environment and Climate Change pipeline 50, 54–7, 64, 67–9, 72, Canada (ECCC) 18 133, 344–5 Environmental Assessment Certificates economic benefit agreements 37–8 (EACs) 4–10, 12, 20, 28–31, 39

Jennifer I. Considine - 9781784712303 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/27/2021 08:47:01AM via free access

M4475-CONSIDINE_9781784712297_t.indd 486 01/05/2018 13:14 Index 487

Environmental Assessment Decision extreme weather events 352, 357, 359, Statement (EADS) 4–5, 8–11, 20, 436, 454, 471–2 see also climate 30–31, 39 change environmental assessments (EAs) 3–13, Exxon 258 16, 18, 21, 25–31, 33, 36, 38 ExxonMobil 66, 237–8, 347 see also environmental issues 11–21, 100, Mobil 105–6, 139, 156–7, 164–5, 175, 179, 187, 205–6, 267, 310–11, Far East Petrochemical Company 315, 351, 355, 364, 366–7, 376–9, (FEPCO) 134 382, 407, 413–14, 416, 429, Faruqui, A. 382, 384 444, 446, 448, 450, 471, 473 see Federal Energy Regulatory also carbon emissions; climate Commission (FERC) 380 change; greenhouse gas emissions; Federal Trade Commission (FTC) 340 pollution Felicitas Foundation 319 in China 81–3, 88 female emancipation 256–7 environmental management plans financial crises 472 (EMPs) 31, 39 2008 66–8, 125, 194–5, 202, 267, 315, Environmental Protection Agency 406, 412, 448, 469 187 Asian 1998 52, 154, 169, 188, 190, Envision Solar 319 192 Equator Principles 315 Finland 157, 281, 317 Equatorial Guinea 145 Finser, Mark 319 Ernsberger, Dave 337 FINTECH 311–12, 317 Esco-Interamerica Company 117 First Nations people 21–4, 28–30, Essar Oil Limited (EOL) 73–4 36–7, 40 Ethical Markets 315–16, 319–20 fisheries 27, 31 Ethiopia 215, 453, 467 Florida Power and Light 310 Euratom Treaty 428 flue-gas desulphurization (FGD) Europe 49–50, 52, 55, 57, 59–60, equipment 193–4, 204–5 74–5, 96, 126, 133, 265, 269, 273, foreign direct investment 190, 213, 215, 283, 285, 313, 315, 324–5, 329, 218 336–7, 340, 429, 457, 472 see also foreign policy 284, 447, 450, 454, individual countries 460–63 European Commission 340, 437, forestry 19, 32, 267, 447 458–9, 465 Forum for the Future 315 European Environment Agency 462 fossil fuels 3, 82–3, 87, 148, 154, 198, European Parliament 458 235, 257, 279, 309, 311, 313–14, European Union (EU) 50, 60, 74–5, 318, 324, 347, 367, 405, 407–10, 82–3, 150, 203, 267, 298, 317, 341, 413, 415, 435, 438, 448–9, 458, 343, 406–8, 415–16, 418, 420–22, 463, 466, 473 see also individual 425, 427–9, 440, 444, 448–9, 457, fuels 470, 472 see also Brexit Fowlie, M. 385–6 climate action 457–67 fracking 249, 253, 266, 270, 282–3, 314, EU ETS 427, 459, 463, 465–6 449, 473 Eurostat 408, 458–9 Fradkov, Mikhail 55–6 Exchange of Futures for Swaps (EFS) France 98, 115, 154, 192, 199, 257, 261, 336, 338–9 274, 277–8, 280–81, 283, 451, 460, exploration 248–51 464, 470 Export-Import Bank of China see free trade agreements 170–71 China Exim Bank Frei, Christoph 406

Jennifer I. Considine - 9781784712303 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/27/2021 08:47:01AM via free access

M4475-CONSIDINE_9781784712297_t.indd 487 01/05/2018 13:14 488 Handbook of energy politics

Frey, B.S. 107 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions 6, Friedman, M. 112 13–18, 31, 33–4, 38, 81, 83–4, Fukushima disaster 167, 171, 174–5, 86–7, 157, 161, 175, 267, 279–80, 199, 257, 405 352, 355, 359, 361, 363, 365, Future 500 315 376, 407–12, 422–3, 436, 444–5, 448, 450, 454–5, 457–60, 462–3, G20 316, 318, 340, 470 465–7, 469, 473 see also carbon Gabon 274 emissions; low-carbon energy Gambia 467 Greenstein, Gus 382 gas price mechanism 95–9, 101 grizzly bear 13, 16, 20–21, 35, 38–9 Gates, Bill 313 Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Gazprom 50, 62, 64, 135–8, 145, 245 149–50, 169, 285 Gulf Wars 262 Gazprombank 149 Guodian Coporations 189–90 GDP 82–3, 91, 111–12, 138, 188, 215–18, 223–4, 238, 282, 311, Hallock, J.L. 120 315–16, 318, 325–6, 355, 437, Hansen, M.W. 213 445–7, 456, 458, 465–6 harbour porpoise 13, 16, 21, 38 General Motors 243 Hartmann, Wesley 384 geopolitics of climate action 435–72 Helfand, J. 107–8 geopolitics of the future 276–87 HELIO International 315 geothermal power 163, 268, 309, 407, Helm, Dieter 408–9, 419 439 Henderson, Hazel 313, 315–16 Germany 98, 154, 157, 168, 203, Henderson, James 49, 133, 317–19 260–61, 264–5, 274, 278, 280–81, Hestanov, Sergei 60 283, 286, 317–18, 357, 406, 415, Hezbollah 284 424, 426, 451, 460–61, 464, 470 Hirschleifer, D. 107 Ghana 68, 453 Hitler, Adolf 236 Ghatak, M. 103 Hledik, Ryan 382 Gleaser, E. 103 Holland, Stephen 380 Global Impact Investing Network Hong Kong 185 (GIIN) 315 Hope, Chris 472 global warming 248, 405 see also Howlett, M. 181 climate change Huadian 145, 189–90 globalization 292, 315, 338 Huaneng 189–90 Gogerty, Nick 320 Huawei 226 Golden Sun Demonstration Hungary 62, 274, 281 Programme 203 hybrid cars 243–5 Goldman Sachs 314, 331 hydraulic fracturing see fracking Gore, Al 319 hydrocarbons 49, 51–2, 62, 69, 76, 88, Governor in Council (GIC) 5 117, 218–19, 227, 237 see also Grant, Lindsey 267 crude oil; petroleum Great Depression 258, 265 hydropower 83, 139, 144, 160, 163, 173, Great Leap Forward 183 183, 185–6, 191–2, 198, 202, 205, Greece 267, 281 276, 309, 311, 407, 409, 439 Green Digital Finance Alliance 318 green finance 309–20 IHS 237 Green Transition Scoreboard (GTS) impact investing 313 310 Independent System Operator of New greenfield oil exploration 105, 110 England (ISO-NE) 370

Jennifer I. Considine - 9781784712303 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/27/2021 08:47:01AM via free access

M4475-CONSIDINE_9781784712297_t.indd 488 01/05/2018 13:14 Index 489

India 126, 136–8, 154, 168, 224, 238, ISIS 127, 450–53 265, 272, 316, 325–8, 330, 440, Islam 260, 262, 450 452, 470 Israel 262–3, 278, 284, 452 RIC energy relations 49, 51, 53–4, Italy 195, 267, 274, 278, 281, 406, 415, 62, 71–5, 77 451, 460, 462, 470 Indian Oil 72–3 Ito, Koichiro 386–7 Indigenous peoples 3–6, 12–13, 21–34, 36–40 Jackson, M.O. 108 RIC energy relations 52 Jaffe, A.M. 336–7 Indonesia 74, 145–6, 164, 272, 282, Japan 49, 51, 71, 76, 82–3, 126, 139, 316, 325, 452, 470 154, 157, 164, 168–71, 173, 175, Industrial Revolution 277, 435–6 236, 257, 278, 280–82, 325, 330, industrialization 183–4, 187, 213–14, 336, 339, 344, 452, 466, 468, 470 228–9 see also Fukushima disaster Institute of Energy Economics, Japan Jaquier, Julia Balandina 319 (IEEJ) 336 Jessoe, Katrina 384 institutions and oil supply 103–21 Johnson, S. 103 Intended Nationally Determined Jordan 451 Contributions (INDCs) 311 Jordan, A. 472 Inter State Gas System (ISGS) 148 Joskow, P.L. 375, 381 Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) 343, Judaism 260 346 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Kahneman, D. 112–13 Change (IPCC) 411, 436, 441, 472 Kasyanov, Mikhail 53 internal combustion engine 255 Kaya identity 473 International Energy Agency (IEA) 87, Kazakhstan 51, 57, 65, 68, 70, 76, 144, 94–5, 280, 282, 340, 374, 408 169, 272 International Energy Exchange (INE) KazMunaiGaz 70 343, 345 KazTransOil 70 International Energy Forum (IEF) 340 Kenya 215, 226, 311, 453 International Monetary Fund (IMF) Khodorkovskiy, Mikhail 53 161, 289 Khristenko, Victor 56 international oil companies (IOCs) 51, Kidney, Sean 316 109–10, 114–15, 117, 119–20, 214, Kind, Peter 352 228 see also individual companies Kleinman, Seth 60 utility difference between IOCs and Kleissner, Charly and Lisa 319 NOCs 111–14 Kogan, N. 107 International Organization of Kogtev, Yuri 69 Securities Commissions (IOSCO) Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power 340, 342–3 (KHNP) 174 Internet 257, 311 Korean Gas Corporation (Kogas) 164 Inuit 21–2 Kot, Evgeny 149 Iran 60–61, 115–16, 124, 127, 236, 252, K-Power 164 258, 260–63, 272, 277–9, 284–5, Krosinsky, Cary 314 331, 342, 347, 450–53 Krutikhim, Mikhail 60, 75 Iraq 61, 116, 127, 235–7, 252, 261, 263, Kulatilaka, N. 291 272, 277, 331, 450 Kuwait 115–16, 235, 237, 245, 252–3, Iraq Petroleum Company 116 261–3, 272, 279, 284, 331, 342, 347 Ireland 267 Kyoto Protocol 435, 440–42, 457, IRENA 438 466–8

Jennifer I. Considine - 9781784712303 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/27/2021 08:47:01AM via free access

M4475-CONSIDINE_9781784712297_t.indd 489 01/05/2018 13:14 490 Handbook of energy politics

Laherrère, Jean 269 Maslov, Alexei 75–6 Latin America 65, 103, 127–30, 214, Medvedev, Dmitry 67, 79 269, 273, 325, 329–30, 335, Métis 21–3 344, 346, 348, 459, 472 see also Mexico 125, 128–30, 157, 258, 272, individual countries 278, 317, 332, 452, 470 Lebanon 276, 284, 451 micro firms 220–22, 228 Lee Myung-bak 172 microgrids 351, 354, 358, 389 Leijten, Fenna R.M. 387 Middle East 61, 65, 71, 164–5, 168, Leonard, R. 267 172, 245, 258–65, 267, 273, 278, Levelised Cost of Electricity (LCOE) 280, 284–6 see also individual 438–9 countries Levin, Josh 320 and pricing nexus 324–47 Li Peng 185, 189–91 Middle Income Trap 81 Libor scandal 339–40 Mikhelson, Leonid 149 Libya 115–16, 235, 262, 272, 283 Miller, Alexey 169 Lima-Paris Action Agenda 440 Milov, Vladimir 64, 76 Lindblom, C.E. 180, 207 Mitchell, C. 418 liquified natural gas (LNG) 101, 157, Mitrova, Tatiana 133 164–5, 173, 280, 285, 332 Mobil 116, 258 see also ExxonMobil in British Columbia 3–8, 10–11, money 52–5, 66–71, 263–6 16–18, 21, 26–31, 33, 36–9 Mongolia 169 in China 93, 95, 97, 99–100, 135, Moniz, Ernest 276 138, 140, 143, 145–50 Montreal Action Plan 442 living standards 50 moral hazard see resource curse loans-for-gas 138, 145–50 Morocco 283, 317, 467 loans-for-oil 51, 68–9, 76, 145–50 Morse, Ed 334 local content policies (LCP) 213, multinational companies 213, 218–19, 219–20, 223–5, 227–9 223–4, 226–9, 298 low-carbon energy 81–91, 95, 101, Myanmar 144, 169 309, 405–30, 435–6, 438, 448, 456–7, 460, 463, 466, 469–72 see Naryshkin, Sergei 56 also geopolitics of climate action; NASDAQ 119 renewable energy Nash, Jack 316 Luke, Mark 363 National Association of Regulatory Luxembourg 317 Utility Commissioner (NARUC) 368–9 Main, M.A. 112 National Development and Reform Makarkin, Alexei 76 Commission (NDRC) 87, 90, Makower, Joel 318 92–3, 96, 200, 202, 206, 346, 445 Malaysia 145–6, 272, 280, 325, 344, 452 National Energy Administration 99, manufacturing 84, 200–202, 214–16, 197, 203 218–19, 221–5, 227–9, 236, 256, National Energy Board (NEB) 3–9, 11, 264–5, 328, 365, 426, 428, 456 18–20, 24, 26, 28, 30, 35 Mao Zedong 183–4 national oil companies (NOCs) 51, 55, Marakech Accords 441 62, 68, 71, 76, 104, 109, 114, 119, March, J.G. 107 135, 140, 184, 324, 332, 334–5, 342 Marcus, A. 291 see also individual companies Market Stability Reserve (MSR) 465 project financing 109–10 Markowitz, H. 105, 111, 113 utility difference between IOCs and Martenson, Chris 265 NOCs 111–14

Jennifer I. Considine - 9781784712303 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/27/2021 08:47:01AM via free access

M4475-CONSIDINE_9781784712297_t.indd 490 01/05/2018 13:14 Index 491

National Welfare Fund (NWF) 149 nuclear power 74, 83, 88, 139, 144, nationalization 115–17, 258, 278 156, 160, 167–8, 170–71, 173–5, Nationally Determined Contributions 183, 185–6, 191–2, 198–9, 203, (NDCs) 440, 443–4, 447, 455–6, 205, 207, 241, 257, 279–82, 286, 459, 467–8 309, 311, 405, 407–9, 411, 413, natural gas 49, 104, 120, 139, 160–61, 417–20, 422–3, 426–30, 446 see 164, 168–71, 173, 175, 219, 241, also Fukushima disaster 250, 279–82, 285–6, 449, 458, 473 Nuclear Safety and Security see also shale gas Commission 174 in British Columbia 3–40 nuclear weapons 236, 262, 284, 450 in China 86–98, 133–50, 197 NYMEX 294, 346 gas price mechanism 95–9, 101 safe supply of 100–101 Obama, Barack 355, 376, 416, 440, natural gas liquids (NGLs) 4–8, 38 448, 450, 454–5 natural resource-led development OFGEM 419 213–29, 457 Oil Age 248–70 Nemet, G.F. 365 Oil India 72–3 Nesterov, Valeriy 61 oil price shocks 115–17, 119, 123–30, Net Present Value (NPV) 291, 294 261–2, 278–9 Netherlands 274, 279, 281, 317 oil supply and institutions 103–21 New Deal 265 Oklahoma Gas & Electric 373 New York Independent System Oman 61, 145, 164–5, 237, 245, 272, Operator (NYISO) 370 333–4, 338–9, 345, 347–9 Newberry, David 472 Oman Futures contact 343, 349 Newendorp, P.D. 106 ONGC Videsh 52, 62, 71–3, 77–8 Nigeria 145, 272, 285, 453, 458 OPEC 114–16, 119, 124–5, 127, 164, Nisga’a Final Agreement 24 252, 261, 279, 330, 332, 337–8, Nixon, Richard 264, 278, 284 340, 347 Non-Conventional Energy Resources OpenInvest 319–20 (NCER) 356, 358 see also Opower 386 renewable energy Opulent Strategy 114–17, 119–21 Non-Fossil Fuel Obligation (NFFO) Organisation for Economic Co- 418, 421, 423–4, 426–8, 430 operation and Development non-governmental organizations (OECD) 49, 157, 298, 317, 328, (NGOs) 181, 206, 289, 309, 312, 330, 346, 355, 408, 438–9 315, 413, 454 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Non-State Actor Zone for Climate Countries see OPEC Action (NACZA platform) O’Sullivan, Stephen 139 440 Otto, Nikolaus 255 Non-State Actor Zone for Climate Ottoman Empire 260–61, 277 Action (NAZCA platform) 449 Page, J. 214 Nordic-American Oil Company Pakistan 148, 274, 452 269–70 Palmer, J. 384 North, D.C. 103 Papua New Guinea 145, 269, 274 North Korea 168–72 Paris Agreement 87, 309, 318, 363, Norway 145, 251–2, 269–70, 272, 280, 366, 376, 405, 408, 412, 417, 430, 317, 458 435, 437, 440, 443–4, 448, 455–7, Novak, Alexander 60 466–73 Novatek 138 Park Geun-hye 153, 172

Jennifer I. Considine - 9781784712303 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/27/2021 08:47:01AM via free access

M4475-CONSIDINE_9781784712297_t.indd 491 01/05/2018 13:14 492 Handbook of energy politics

peak demand 353, 371–3, 380 power purchase agreements (PPAs) peak oil 257, 331, 346 319, 379 People’s Bank of China 316 pressurized heavy water reactor People’s Republic of China see China (PHWR) 185 Persia see Iran pressurized water reactor (PWR) 184–5 Peru 274, 453 Price Defense Strategy 124, 127 Petrobras 129 price reporting agencies (PRAs) 324, PetroChina 66, 99 332, 339–43, 346 Petroleos de Venezuela (PDVSA) 117, Price Stabilization Mechanism (PSM) 119, 129 425 petroleum 49–52, 54, 60, 65–6, 71–2, Primakov, Yevgeny 49 74–7, 109, 115, 130, 134, 189, 219, principal–agent problem 105, 107–8, 238, 248, 254, 267, 277–9, 285–6, 182, 297–302 288, 290, 292, 328, 332 see also privacy 353, 356, 358, 382, 388–90 hydrocarbons profit sharing agreements (PSA) 110, phasor measurement unit (PMI) 114, 116, 118–19 369–70, 380 Promleasing 62 Philippines 74, 150, 317, 452 property rights 103–4 photovoltaic (PV) 162–3, 193, 202–4, purchasing power 312 276, 355–7, 363, 365–6, 368, 372, Purdom, Sophie 314 377–80, 387, 409, 415–16, 424, Putin, Vladimir 50, 54–6, 62–4, 66–9, 426, 438–9 71, 74, 134–5, 169, 243 Pippenger, M.K. 119 Platts 332–5, 337, 339–40, 344, 346, 348 Qatar 116, 145–6, 164–5, 237, 245, 272, Pleven, L. 337 280, 345, 347 Poland 60, 281, 283, 285, 317, 451, 458, quantitative easing (QE) 312–13 464, 467 policy risk 405–30 Ramesh, M. 181 pollution 81–2, 84, 87–8, 101, 140, 156, Ramsey, J.B. 106 183, 186–7, 191, 193–8, 204–6, rank-order tournaments 298–302 208, 310–11, 320, 420, 423, 444–6, Rapson, David 384 448 Reagan, Ronald 450 Pope, Carl 314 Real Instituto Elcano 450 Popp, D. 365 Real Time Prices (RTP) 361, 381 population growth 224, 228, 266, 268, REN21 310, 313 444 renewable energy 87, 90, 139, 144, 156, Portugal 267–8, 460, 463 160–63, 167, 173, 179, 192–3, POSCO 164 195, 200–203, 207, 235, 242–3, post-oil era 235–46 276, 279–82, 286, 309–11, 314, poverty alleviation 179, 185–6, 188, 317–18, 352, 354–7, 361, 364–8, 203, 222, 288, 444, 459 374–6, 379, 405–30, 438, 454–5, Power of Siberia (POS) 1 133, 135–8, 458–60, 466, 469, 471, 473 see also 145, 149–50 hydropower; low-carbon energy; Power of Siberia (POS) 2 137, 144–5, solar power; wind power 149–50 Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) power plants 88, 90, 96–7, 148, 168, 162, 365–6, 375 170, 174–5, 183, 185, 187, 191–3, Renewables Obligation (RO) 411, 416, 197–9, 202, 205, 207–8, 257, 418, 421, 423–8 279–81, 351, 355, 367, 374–6, 418, Republic of Korea see South Korea 427, 445 resource curse 288–303

Jennifer I. Considine - 9781784712303 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/27/2021 08:47:01AM via free access

M4475-CONSIDINE_9781784712297_t.indd 492 01/05/2018 13:14 Index 493

retail net metering (RNM) 379 Sechin, Igor 54, 56, 59–60, 66–8, 70, Reynolds, D.B. 108, 119–20 136, 169 RIC energy relations 49–77 Sen, Amrita 61 risk 104–7, 110, 112–14, 117, 119–20 Senegal 453 Risky Shift Hypothesis 107–8 shale gas 3, 91–3, 95, 97, 129–30, 158, RMB Global Markets 218 161, 164–5, 168, 171, 250, 276, Robins, Nick 316 280, 282–3, 285–6, 314, 346, 417, Rogers, Todd 386 428–9, 448 Romania 258, 274 shale oil 120, 128–30, 237, 250, 276, Rooftop Subsidy Programme 203 282–3, 286, 314, 330, 346, 448 Roosevelt, Franklin D. 278 Shandong Kerui Petroleum Equipment Rosneft 50–74, 76–7, 134–5, 137, 169, 134 344–5 Shanghai Futures Exchange (SHFE) Royal Dutch Shell 116, 237, 340 see 345 also Shell Shapira, Z. 107 Rubin, Jeff 265 Sharon, Ariel 284 Rudd, Amber 413 Shell 66, 105–6, 237, 258–9, 270 see Rushkoff, Douglas 312 also Royal Dutch Shell Russell, David 416 Shleifer, A. 103 Russia 98, 116, 127, 144–5, 154, 165, Shuvalov, Igor 63 168–72, 192, 238, 241, 243, 257–8, Silicon Valley 311 260–61, 263, 272, 277, 279–83, Silk Road Fund 149 285, 330, 343–4, 346, 348, 426, Singapore 170, 344 450–53, 458, 466–7, 470 see also Sinopec 61–2, 64–6, 69, 73, 99, 134–5, East Siberia 147, 184 RIC energy relations 49–77 Sino-Russian gas cooperation 133–50, Sino-Russian gas cooperation 168–9, 171 133–50, 168–9, 171 Sintov, Nicole D. 385 Russian upstream 54, 61–5, 72, 149 Skyland Petroleum 136 Rutledge, I. 417 Slavneft 79 Slovakia 281 Saddam Hussein 262, 279 small and medium-sized firms 213, Sakhalin projects 52–3, 61, 71, 73 222–9 sanctions 51–2, 60, 62, 64, 70, 72, 74–6, small modular reactors (SMRs) 127, 150, 182, 238, 262, 331, 341, 282 418 smart grid 156, 351–4 Sanmenxia Dam 183 additional challenges 388–90 Saudi Arabia 60–61, 116, 124–5, 127, benefits 358 148, 236–9, 242, 245, 252–3, costs, allocations and investments 260–63, 272, 278, 284, 331–4, 362–6 336–9, 342–4, 348, 470 how smart grid is changing the Saudi Aramco 60, 238–9, 334, 337, electricity delivery system 344 369–73 Savage, L. 112 markets and policy 373 Sberbank 149 understanding 354–5 Schneider Electric 314 unlocking technological potential of Schultz, P. Wesley 385–6 378–87 Schuyler, J.R. 106 utilities of the future 366–9 Scotland 267, 414, 420–22, 426–8 see Smart Grid Investment Grant (SGIG) also United Kingdom 363, 370–71, 373

Jennifer I. Considine - 9781784712303 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/27/2021 08:47:01AM via free access

M4475-CONSIDINE_9781784712297_t.indd 493 01/05/2018 13:14 494 Handbook of energy politics

smart meters 268, 353, 358, 368, 372–4, sustainable development 77, 82, 95, 381, 383, 385 166, 188, 192–3, 469 Social Investment Forum 310, 315 Sustainable Development Goals 309, socially responsible investing (SRI) 314 311, 315–18 soil erosion 83, 255, 267 Sustainable Investment Forum 315 solar power 90, 163, 186, 192–3, 200, Sustainable Stock Exchanges 315 202–5, 243, 268, 279–81, 309–10, Sykes-Picot Agreement 277 317, 319–20, 352, 354–7, 363, Syria 150, 261–3, 274, 284, 450 365–6, 368, 374, 377–80, 387, 409, 415–16, 424, 426, 438–9, 446 see Taas-Yuryakh Neftegazdobycha 62, also photovoltaic (PV) 72–3, 136–8 SolarCoin 320 Taiwan 236 Soligo, R. 336–7 Tajikistan 144 Sonen Capital 319 Tanzania 453 sour crude 335, 343–6 Task Force on Climate-related South Africa 316, 440, 453, 470 Financial Disclosure (TCFD) 310 South China Sea boundary dispute telecommunication 257, 352 138, 145, 150, 236 terrorism 166, 440, 450–54, 459–63 South Korea 51, 76, 139, 325, 330, 336, Tesla 243–4 339, 344, 452 Tett, G. 341 energy security conundrum 153–76 Texas 103–4, 109, 115, 258–9, 270, 277 Southern China Power Grid Company Texas Railroad Commission (TRC) 190 109, 259 Soviet Union 71, 172, 183, 236, 258, Thailand 274 330 see also Russia Thatcher, Margaret 258 Spain 267, 406, 415–17, 424, 429, 451, thermal power 89, 163, 183, 185–7, 458, 460–61 191–3, 197–9, 202–5, 207–8, 268, Spash, C. 473 309, 311, 363, 407, 439 Species at Risk Act (SARA) 19, 21, 32 Three Gorges Dam 191 staged development 288–303 tight oil and gas see shale gas; shale oil Standard Oil 116, 258, 277 Time-of-Use pricing 381 State Bank of China 69 Tirole, J. 375 State Grid Corporation 190 TNK-BP 50, 62, 68, 70, 169 State Power Corporation of China Tokarev, Nikolai 56, 69–70 (SPCC) 189–90 Total 149, 237 Statistics Canada 21–2 Township Electrification Programme Statoil 237, 340 193 Steiner, Rudolf 319 Toyota 244, 319 Stern Review 436–7, 472 Transition Town Movement 267 Stimul 79 transmission and distribution (T&D) Stone Age Man 255 system 353, 360, 370, 373 Stoner, J.A.F. 107–8 Transneft 53, 55–7, 67–70 Sub-Saharan Africa 213–29, 325 transparency 13, 54, 94, 99, 170, 286, Sudan 65, 272 342, 350, 353, 358, 362, 364–5, Suh, Y. 107 374, 389, 414, 420, 429–30, 443, sulphur dioxide emissions 179, 183, 449, 468–70 187, 193–4, 204–7, 446 Treaty 8 24, 28, 36–7 Suntech 202–3 treaty rights 22–5, 28, 39 Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) 23–5 Trigeorgis, L. 291 Surgutneftegaz 344 Trinidad and Tobago 145, 269, 274

Jennifer I. Considine - 9781784712303 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/27/2021 08:47:01AM via free access

M4475-CONSIDINE_9781784712297_t.indd 494 01/05/2018 13:14 Index 495

Trump, Donald 317–18, 363, 376, 406, uranium 257, 277, 281–2, 411 416, 448–50, 454–7, 468–70 urbanization 88–9, 214, 223–4, 238 Tunisia 274, 283 US 150 Turkey 260–61, 269, 274, 281, 451, 470 Uzbekistan 144, 274 Turkmenistan 68, 144, 169, 274 Tversky, A. 112–13 Vainstock, Semyon 55 Tyumenneftegaz 64 valued components (VCs) 11–16, 21, 26, 32, 36, 38–9 Udmurtneft 62 Vankorneft 63–4, 71–3 Uganda 274, 453 Venezuela 65, 68, 116–9, 120, 125, Ukraine 238, 274, 280, 283, 285, 389, 128–9, 253, 258, 261, 272, 285, 453 451 Verkhnechonskneftegaz 64, 134 unemployment 126, 267 Vienna Convention on the Law of United Arab Emirates 116, 165, 237, Treaties 468 245, 263, 272, 334 Vietnam 74, 274, 452 United Kingdom 103, 116, 148, 157, Vis, P. 458 195, 251–2, 257–8, 261, 264, 267, voltage reduction (VR) 371 270, 272, 277–8, 283, 331, 406–9, Vostock Energy 62 411, 413–30, 451, 458–60, 462, VSNK 64 464, 470 see also Brexit United Nations 188, 318 see also COP Wallach, M.A. 107 15, COP 16, etc. Wallin, Tom 337 Environment Programme (UNEP) Wan Ilin 65 315–18, 320, 416 Wan Tsishan 66 Framework Convention on Climate warfare 235–6, 257, 262–3, 277, 324, Change (UNFCCC) 435, 440, 331 442, 449, 466 Warsaw International Mechanism for Global Compact 315, 320 Loss and Damage 440, 442 Principles of Responsible Investing Warshaw, C. 109 315, 320 Wen Jiabao 66 Sustainable Development Goals 309, West Texas Intermediate (WTI) 115, 311, 315–18 118, 304, 339, 344, 346–7 United Nations Economic West-to-East Gas Pipeline (WEP) 140 Commission for Africa (UNECA) wildcatting 105–6 216 Williamson, O.E. 103 United States 50–51, 55, 60, 64, 71, Willrich, M. 165, 167 82–3, 91, 98, 103, 108–9, 116, Wilson, Woodrow 264 119–20, 126–7, 148, 154, 157, wind power 90, 162–3, 185–6, 192–3, 164–5, 170–71, 175, 192, 195, 203, 200–203, 205, 268, 276, 279–81, 235–8, 244, 253, 258–9, 261–5, 309–10, 317–18, 352, 354–6, 365, 267, 269–70, 277–80, 282–6, 407, 415–16, 422, 424, 426–7, 310–11, 313, 315, 317, 329–31, 438–9, 446 335–7, 339, 341, 343–4, 346–7, Wolfram, Catherine D. 381 355, 359–60, 366, 368–70, 372–3, Woodman, B. 418 375, 379, 382, 385, 406–7, 415–17, World Bank 188, 190–91, 193, 220, 429, 441, 444, 448, 451, 458–60, 288–9, 303, 325 466, 468–70, 472 see also Alaska; World Business Council on Sustainable Texas Development 315 climate action 448–51, 454–7 World Energy Council (WEC) 405–6, universal basic income (UBI) 312–13 411

Jennifer I. Considine - 9781784712303 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/27/2021 08:47:01AM via free access

M4475-CONSIDINE_9781784712297_t.indd 495 01/05/2018 13:14 496 Handbook of energy politics

World Investment Forum 315 Yemen 145, 164–5, 274 World Trade Organization (WTO) 188, Yergin, Daniel 324 194, 203, 467 Yermakov, Vitaly 72 World War I 257, 261, 265, 277 YPF 130 World War II 236, 257, 264–5, 267, Yuganksneftegaz 54–5, 61, 79 278, 284 YUKOS 50, 53–4, 67–8, 70

Xi Jinping 66, 68–9, 134, 195, Zadek, Simon 316 318 Zhongtian 145 Zhou Enlai 183–4 Yakunin, Valdimir 56 Zhu Rongji 188–9, 192 Yanchang Petroleum 140 Zubov, Valeriy 76

Jennifer I. Considine - 9781784712303 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/27/2021 08:47:01AM via free access

M4475-CONSIDINE_9781784712297_t.indd 496 01/05/2018 13:14