Lower and Middle Triassic Foraminifera from the Eros Limestone, Hydra Island, Greece

Journal 01' Micn~palaeontology,13: 25-46. 0262-821X/94 $07.00 0British Micropalaeontological Society.

Lower and Middle Triassic foraminifera from the Eros Limestone, Hydra Island, Greece

R. RETTORI', L. ANGIOLINI' & G. MUTTONI' 'Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell'Universit8 degli Studi di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy 'Dipartimento di Scienze deila Terra dell'Universit8 degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy

ABSTRACT - The systematics and stratigraphic ranges (constrained by conodont dating) of abundant and well preserved foraminifera1 faunas from six sections in the Lower and Middle Triassic Eros Limestone of central and western Hydra (Argolis Peninsula, Greece) are described. A joint analysis of the conodonts. foraminifera and bivalves has enabled the Scythian and Anisian stages to be recognized with some certainty within the Eros Limestone carbonate platform. The foraminifera have affinities with those of many other Tethyan localities, in particular the Dinarides, Balkans, Carpathians and the Southern Alps. J. Micropulurontol. 13( 1): 25-46, September 1994.

THE EROS LIMESTONE INTRODUCTION The Eros Limestone was named by Romermann (1968) after The small Island of Hydra is located in the Aegean just to the highest mountain of Hydra (Mount Eros, 589m). It the south of the Argolis Peninsula (Peloponnesus, Greece) constitutes a well-developed carbonate platform, 600-670 m (Fig. 1). Its sedimentary succession ranges from Permian to thick, of Early to Middle Triassic age. It overlies the Aghios Jurassic in age. Nikolaos Formation (quarzarenites; Early Triassic) or Triassic rocks have been studied by Renz (19O6-31), directly the Episkopi Limestone (bioclastic limestone; Late Wendt (1973), Romermann (1968), Riimermann et nl. Permian) and is bounded at the top by the Han Bulog (1981), Schafer &L Senowbari-Daryan (1984) and by Limestone (red nodular limestone; latest Pelsonian-latest Angiolini (1992). From the base, they consist the et a/. of Illyrian/Ladinian) or directly by the Adhami Limestone Aghios Nikolaos Formation, the Eros Limestone, the Han (grey cherty limestone; Early Ladinian-Late Triassic). Bulog Limestlone, the Quartz Keratophyric Tuffs and part of Angiolini et al. (1992) subdivided the Eros Limestone on the Adhami Limestone and Pantokrator Limestone (Fig. 2). the basis of microfacies and field analyses. The present work The Lower and Middle Triassic portion of this succession, improves these analyses. Six stratigraphic sections are constituting the carbonate platform of the Eros Limestone, presented here (Fig.4): sections 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were was initially studied by Romermann (1968-9), Romermann sampled by the present authors, section 2 by M. Richards et (1981) and subsequently has seen extensive work by al. (University of Lausanne). We have divided the Eros Angiolini et (1992). ul. Limestone into four subunits: the lower lithozone, the Eros This paper seeks to improve our knowledge of the Limestone sensu szricto, the dark member and the upper biostra1.igrapliy of the Eros Limestone by providing new lithozone. important data on the distribution of some of the Triassic The lower lithozone (25- 100 m thick) constitutes the base foraminifera, calibrated to the standard stages and substages of the Eros platform (Fig. 2) and consists of grey oolitic of the Triassic, using mainly conodonts. limestone with a variable content of quartz grains; yellow siltstone interbeds with species of the bivalve genera GEOLOGICAL SETTING Unionites and Eurnorphotis of Spathian age (determination The island of Hydra belongs to the Subpelagonian Zone, by R. Posenato, University of Ferrara) are also present. defined as a passive continental margin succession deposited There is a gradual transition from this lithozone into the on the western part of the Pelagonian Block, according to overlying Eros Limestone sensu strict0 (500-600 m thick), Jacobshagen et (1977; 1989 pers. comm.). Both al. itself subdivided into four main microfacies, from the base Subpelagonian and Pelagonian zones are part of the Internal to top (Fig. 5): microfacies 1, consisting of oolitic grainstones Hellenides (Fig. 1). and packstones with rare bioclasts (gastropods, echino- The sedimentary sequence Hydra is arranged in four of derms, ostracods, bivalves and foraminifera). It is locally major south vergent thrust sheets, dissected by transcurrent (Aghios Marina) overlain by microfacies 2, consisting of faults (Fig. The Eros Limestone constitutes the backbone 3). mudstones and wackestones with oolites, intraclasts, peloids of the southern thrust sheet and part the Zakoni and of 0. and rare bioclasts, or more commonly, it is overlain by Kutali thrust sheets (nomenclature after Angiolini al. et microfacies 3, made up of packstones and wackestones with 1992). The areal distribution of the Eros Limestone, cements and bioclasts (foraminifera, bivalves, ostracods, together with the schematic tectonic setting of the island, are echinoderms, gastropods. algae, stromatolites and prob- shown in Fig. 3.

25 Rettori, Angiolini & Muttoni

The depositional environment of the Eros Limestone is characteristic of a carbonate platform developed on a marine terrigenous flat (Aghios Nikolaos Formation). Oolitic and bioclastic grainstones and packstones. probably forming sand bars, are widespread. ln places (Aghios Marina), these bars seem to have enclosed lower energy areas where mudstones and wackestones were deposited. A hard rim (bindstone) is present in the northeastern part of Hydra (0.Malies) and is apparently localized only at this site. The dark member probably represents not very deep and poorly oxygenated troughs dissecting the carbonate platform. Their areal distribution, in a narrow SW-NE alignment, which together with the presence of abundant intraformational breccias, seems to suggest a tectonic (extensional) origin. The age of the Eros Limestone ranges from Spathian to the Pelsonian substage of the Anisian (Fig. 2), based on the presence of Spathian bivalves in the lower lithozone, Late Scythian conodonts (Neospathodus horneri (Bender) in sample MR225) in the dark member of the Eros Limestone and Pelsonian conodonts (Gondolella bulgarica (Budurov & Stefanov), G. bifurcata hifurcata (Budurov & Stepanov), G. bifiucata hanhulogi (Sudar & Budurov), and -- Gladigondolella tethydis (Huckriede)) in the upper lithozone [all the condononts listed in this paper and their Fig. 1. Structural zones of the Hellenides (modified after stratigraphic ranges have been determined by A. Nicora, Mounlrakis et al.. 1987). Rh. Rhodope; Srn: Serbornacedonian; CR: University of Milan, and are taken from Angiolini et al., Circum Rhodope; Va: Vardar; PI: Pelagonian; AC: Attico-Cycladic; Sp: Subpelagonian; Pk: Parnasos; P: Pindos; G: Gavrovo Tripolis; I: 19921. The foraminiferal assemblages are in agreement with lonian; Px: Paxos; Au: Plattenkalk-Talea Ori. and support this age determination.

SCYTHIAN FORAMINIFERAL ASSEMBLAGE lematica). Microfacies 4 has been detected only at 0. Malies This foraminiferal assemblage is recorded mainly in the and consists of bindstones made by encrusting problematica lower lithozone, in the dark member of the Eros Limestone organisms (Tubiphytes ohscurus, Porostromata and and also in microfacies 1 of the Eros Limestone S.S. (Fig. 4, Spongiostromata). sections 1, 2, 4, 5; Table 1). It is characterized by: The dark member (0-200 m thick) interfingers with the Glornospira spp., Glomospirella spp., Pilamrnina praedensa Eros Limestone sensu stricto (Fig. 2) and consists of Urosevic, Meandrospira piisilla (Ho), Meandrospira cheni well-bedded platy beds (centimetres to decimetres thick) of (Ho) and Krikournbilica pileiformis He. The occurrence of dark limestone with chert. Massive beds of intraformational the conodont Neospathodus horneri (Bender) and the breccias are present and a later dolomitization is also Spathian bivalves (Unionites sp. and Eurnorphotis sp.) in the evident. dark member and lower lithozone of the Eros Limestone, The dark member and the Eros Limestone sensu stricto respectively, confirms the Scythian age of this foraminiferal are overlain by the upper lithozone (10-30 m thick), made association. up of red matrix-bearing calcareous breccias with bioclastic Of interest is the occurrence of Krikoiirnbilica pileiformis clasts. He in the Scythian stage; this species, up until now, is known

NE SW

Fig. 2. Stratigraphy of the Triassic succession in Hydra.

26 Lower and A4iddle Triassic Foraminifera, Greece

va i

C BI dark member / Fault

Erosimst Thrust p 2 km,

Fig. 3. Geological sketch map showing the distribution of the Eros Limestone (mndificd after Angiolini a ul., 1992).

M. Malies U. Zakoni W MZakoni E Gherakina Episkopi-Ag. Marina M.Purgos 1 2 3 4 5 6

Bindstone Oolitic limestone Oolitic limestone with quam Siltites

~uamarenites

Eioclastic limestone

Fine arkose

~ Formation boundary - Subunlt boundary Chronostratographic boundary lower hozone V G excdsa zieglerl G aft eotrammerlE *kTX s;.Fmn + G bulgarica GI tethydls * N homeri mpi Fm 4 Unionnes sp Eumorphotis

Fig. 4. Stratigraphic sections (left to right: 1-6) measured in the Eros Limestone and their correlation based on foraminifera1 and conodont biostratigraphy (for more detailed conodont distribution see Angiolini et al., 1092). To keep the figure more readable, the Eros Limestone s..~. microfacies have not been included. Make reference to Fig. 5, using plotted sample numbers, to locate these microfacies. Section location is as follows: Scction 1, southwestern slope of 0. Zakoni from 200111 a.s.1. to the summit; Section 2, southeastern slope of 0. Zakoni; Section 3, westward i)f the village of Ghcrakina from 240m a.s.1. to the southern coast; Section 4, from the ancient village of Episkopi to Ag. Marina chapel: Section 5. from 290 m a.s.1. on the southern slope to 380 m a.s.1. on the northern slope of 0. Purgos; Section 6, along the new road from 180 m a.s.1 abovc C. Riga towards the northeast (Ag. Triada).

27 Rettori, Angiolini & Muttoni

sw NE

M.Zakoni W M.Zakoni E Gherakina Ag.Marina M.Purgos M.Malies

microfacies 1 grainstones, packstones. mofacies 4. packstones with cements and many wackestones with oolites. rare gastropods. problematica (bndstone). kvalves, echinoderms, ostracods, iornminilers

uofscies 2: mudstones, wackestones with oolnes, intraclasts, peloids, rare boclasts recrystallized limestone

mLELpfaCles 9: packstones. wackestones with -: mudstones, cements, ioraminiiers, bivalves, ostrncods, algae, wnckestones with filaments, rndiolarians, sponges echinoderms, gastropods, stromatoliies. aplcules, foraminifers

Fig. 5. Distribution and thickness of thc microfacies of the Eros Limestone S.S. Numbers refer to samples defining the base and top of each microfacies. only in the Middle Triassic of southern Guizhou (China). (Fig. 4, sections 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; Table 1): Glomospira spp. (PI. Furthermore, in Hydra, the stratigraphic range of M. pusilla 1, fig. 1 l), Glomospirella grandis (Salaj), Glomospirella spp., (Ho) also extends into the Anisian (see below), whereas M. Pilamminu densa Pantic, Ammobaculites/Keophax sp., cheni (Ho) appears to be restricted to the Scythian. Earlundiu amplimuralis (Pantic) Fig. 6.2, Earlandia tintin- niformis (Misik) (Fig. 6.3), Endothyru aff. E. salaji ANISIAN FORAMINIFERAL ASSEMBLAGE Gazdzicki (in Gazdzicki et cl., 1975), Endothyra sp. (PI. 2, The Anisian foraminifera] assemblage of Hydra is very rich, fig. 9, lo), Endoteha sp., Endothyranella wirzi (Koehn- diverse and well preserved in most samples. It occurs in the Zaninetti), Palaeomiliolina judicariensis (Premoli Silva), Eros Limestone S.S. mainly in microfacies 3 and 4. more Meandrospira pusillu (Ho), Meandrospira dinarica rarely in microfacies 2 (Figs 4-5). These foraminifera belong Kochansky-Devidt & Pantic, 'Meandrospira'? deformata to the Early and Middle Anisian time interval on the basis Salaj, Meandrospiranella sp., Turriglomina magna of the conodont association (listed above) recorded in the (Urosevic), Ophthalmidium spp. (Figs 6.5, 6.6), Spirillina sp. upper lithozone of the Eros Limestone, which directly (PI. 6, fig. 4, S), Turrispirillina prealpina Zaninetti & overlies microfacies 3 and 4 of the Eros Limestone S.S. The Briinnimann (in Zaninetti et al, 1972a), Triadodiscus or typical Anisian foraminifera] assemblage is represented by Aulotortus n. sp., ?Lamelliconus sp. (PI. 6, fig. 9) and

28 Lower and Middle Triassic Foraminifera, Greece

.2!ul A Glonmpira ssp Gbmasprek grandis (Salaj) Gbmasmrella ssp Pilammina densa Pantic Pi/mmina pedensa Umswic Ammobacukres spJRe~yhaxsp Earlandie amplimurab (Pantic) Earhdra bnrinnihvmis (Mlsik) Endorhyra an E sala)! Gazdzicki Endorhyra sp Endoteh sp Endorhyranella wrzi (Koehn-Zanineni) Palaeomilidina/udrcensis (Premoli Siba) Meandmspfa pusilla (HO) Meandrmpra cheni (Ho) MeMrmpra dinanca Koctransky Devidb 8 Pantlc Weandrmpra” delmara? %aj Meandrmpranella sp Turrglomna magna (Urosevic) Ophfhalmidium spp Sprillina sp Turnsprilhna prealpna Zanlnem 8 Brbnnimann Triadodiscus or Aulomrus n sp ?Lame/hmus sp Knkwmbdica plmlormis He Ausfrocolom,a sp Duostominidae AulOloRidae or Triadodiscidae

Table 1. Chart osf Triassic foraminifera from five out of the six measured sections in the Eros Limestonc. Hydra. Section 2 is barren of foraminifera.

Austrocolornia sp. (Fig. 6.5). Duostominidae (Figs 6.1, 6.4), In the present paper we have described the foraminifera1 Nodosariidae and a single section of a specimen tentatively fauna recorded in the same stratigraphic interval, providing assigned to the family Aulotortidae or Triadodiscidae (Pl. 6, further data on the occurrence of some important Early and fig. 10) ‘were also found. Tubiphytes obscurus Maslov, Middle Triassic foraminifera (Table 2) in the Tethyan realm. encrusting foraminifera (Nubec,ularia sp.), dasyclad algae, Of particular importance are the following: echinoderm fragments, Gemerid’ella minuta Borza & Misik (A) Pilamminu praedensa: the Scythian range reported by and Bacinella irregularis Radoicic are also present. Urosevic (1988) is here confirmed on the evidence of the In the Eros Limestone (upper lithozone), the joint associated conodonts and bivalves. occurrence of Meandrospira pusillu and M. dinarica has (B) Pilamminu densa: in Hydra, this species has been been detected in sample GL 155 (Tsingri Bay, in front of recorded only in the Pelsonian. Tsingry Island, see Fig. 3); the age of this assemblage is (C) Meandrospira: in the Eros Limestone the distribution of Pelsonian on the basis of conodonts. This points to a this genus suggests the existence of a lineage (M. cheni-M. Scythian- Anisian distribution of M. pusilla. dinurica) evolving laterally from M. pusillu. The arguments In the overlying Han Bulog Limestone, T. mesotriasica supporting this interpretation are: first, the Scythian portion (Koehn-Zaninetti) has been discovered in association with of the Eros Limestone hosts both M. pusilla and M. cheni; an Illyrian coniodont fauna characterized by Gondolella secondly, during the Early Anisian M. rlinarica appears, excelsa (Mosher) and Gladigondolella tethydis (sample H4, surviving until the Pelsonian, together with rare specimens Vlichos). of M. piisilla; and thirdly, M. cheni has been found only in The fauna recorded in the Eros Limestone S.S. of Hydra is the Spathian substage. very similhr to that occurring in the Anisian bioclastic (D) Krikoumhilica pileiformis: previously, this species has limestone underlying the Han Bulog Limestone of southern been known only in the Middle Triassic of China. Therefore, (former) Bosnia-Herzegovina, Yugoslavia (Bronnimann et its Scythian occurrence in Hydra indicates that it must have a/. 1973a.b). Moreover, it also shows affinities to appeared first in the Early Triassic. assemblages of most of the Tethyan Anisian successions (E) Glomospirellu grandis: in Hydra, it has been found recorded by many authors (among others Kochansky- only in the Anisian (as high as the Pelsonian), in association DevidC & Pantic, 1966; Koehn-Zanietti, 1969; Premoli with Meandrospira dinarica, thus confirming the restriction Silva, 1971; Zaninetti et a/., 1972a; Efimova, 1974; Gazdzicki of this species to the Anisian. ef a/., 195’5; Dager, 1978; Trifonova, 1978a,b; Salaj ef al. (F) Endoteba: the Upper Permian genus Endoteha is 1967; Salaj, 1969; Salaj et ul., 1983; He, 1984; Oravecz- reported in the Triassic (Pelsonian) for the first time. A Scheffer, 1987; Urosevic. 1977, 1981, 1988). more detailed analysis of Triassic ‘Endothyras’ is needed to confirm this record. DISCUSSION (G) Endothyranella wirzi: this species, also known in the Biostratigraphic considerations Ladinian (Zaninetti, 1976), is here recorded in the Early Angiolini ~>ta/. (1992) described the stratigraphy of the Eros Anisian, as high as the Pelsonian. We can confirm that Limestone of Hydra, their dating being mainly with the aid elsewhere this species ranges through the Middle Triassic. of conodont assemblages. (H) Palaeomiliolina judicariensis: appears to be restricted to

29 Rettori, Angiolini & Muttoni

Fig. 6. Thin sections of forminifera. 6.1. Duostominidae: ?Duosfornina sp., sample: H186, stratigraphic section 6. 6.2. Earlandia arnplirnuralis (Pantic), samplc: H54, stratigraphic section 3. 6.3. Earlandia tinrinniforrnis (Misik), sample: GL342, stratigraphic section 4. Fig. 6.4. Duostominidae: ?Variostorna SP., sample: H128, stratiaraphic-. section 5. Fig. 6.5, 6.6. Ophrhalrnidiurn spp., sample: H55, stratigraphic section 3. Fig. 6.7. Auslrocolornia sp.. sample: H186, stratigraphic section 6. the Pelsonian (dating based on associated conodonts); this by Bronnimann et a/., 1973a,b (as Involutina sinuosa conclusion is confirmed by other authors (i.e. Premoli Silva, prugsoides) in the Anisian limestone of Bosnia-Herzegovina. 1971; Trifonova, 1970; Oravecz-Scheffer, 1987). The stratigraphic ranges of the main foraminifera (I) Turriglomina magna: this species was described by collected in Hydra are shown in Table 2; these results are Urosevic in the Carnian-Norian of the Balkans, whereas in integrated with data already known from the literature. We Hydra it occurs in the Pelsonian. This confirms the presence do not propose any new foraminifera1 zonation but our data of this species in the earliest Middle Triassic, as already has been compared with the zonations proposed by suggested by Zaninetti et ul. (1990). Zaninetti et al. (1972a), Salaj et al. (19X8), and Trifonova (J) Turriglomina mesotriasicu: on the co-occurrence of (1992). In the schemes of Salaj et al. (198X) and Trifonova conodonts, the Middle Triassic range of this species is here (1992), a subdivision of the Scythian consisting of a lower, confirmed. Meandrospira cheni Interval Zone and an overlying, (K) Turrispirillina prealpina: was recorded for the first time Meandrospiru pusilla Interval Zone, was proposed. In by Zaninetti et a/., 1972a in the Late Anisian, whereas in Hydra, M. cheni appears after the acme of M. pusilla in Hydra the species is also present in the Early Anisian only association with rare specimens of M. pusilla, disappearing as high as the Pelsonian substage. at the end of the Scythian, whereas M. pusilla continues into (L) Lamelliconus; reported in the Pelsonian substage, the Anisian in association with M. dinarica. apparently for the first time. In terms of systematics, it is noteworthy that we refer to (M) A new species of Triadodiscus or Aulotortus has been M. pusilla the smallest forms belonging to the genus discovered in the Pelsonian portion of the Eros Limestone Meandrospiru of the type-material from China described by S.S. There is an affinity between it and specimens recorded Ho (1959). maintaining the name pusilla according to the Lower and Middle Triassic Foraminifera, Greece

SCYTHIAN ANlSlAN LADlNlAN CARNIAN

I I I Meandrospira pusilla --IMeandrospira cheni Meandrospira dinarica

Gbmospirella grandis

Pilammina densa

Palaeomifiolinajudicariensis

Endothyranella wirzi I Turrigbmina mesotriasica Turrigbmina magna HI Turfispirillha prealpina Table 2. Stratigraphic range of some important Triassic foraminifera according to the literature and from new data from the Island of Hydra. See text for discussion. law of priority (:see synonymy). We refer to M. cheni those from the Middle Triassic of the Southern Alps (Gaetani & specimens with morphology and dimensions intermediate Gorza, 1989), the Carpathians (Gazdzicki, et al., 1975; between M. pusilla and M. dinarbca, as figured by Ho (1959) Trifonova, 1978a,b; Oravecz-Scheffer, 1987). the Kocaeli (see synonymy). During a visit to the Department of Peninsula (Turkey) (Dager, 1878), the Caucasus (Efimova, Geology and Palaeontology of the Academic Sinica 1974) and from China (He, 1984). (Nanjing), one of us (R.R.) examined the original collection In the M. Facito Formation auct. of the Lagonegro area of Ho Yen and established the true nature of M. cheni. (Southern Apennines), an Illyrian-Landinian foraminiferal Salaj et al. (1988) establishesd a M. dinarica Interval fauna, calibrated with conodonts (Ciarapica er u/., 1990; Subzone (Bithynian-Pelsonian) in the lower part of the Mietto et a/., 1991), has been studied. This foraminifera1 Pilurnmina densa Range Zone (Bithynian-Illyrian). Trifo- assemblage is similar to the Illyrian fauna recorded in nova (1992) basically agrees with this zonation but differs in Hydra; particularly they share, amongst others, the species the detail of her subdivisions of the Pelsonian. The M. Turriglornina magna, T. mesotriasica and Endothyranella clinaricu Subzont: was raised to a lull Zone by Zaninetti et al. wirzi. During the Pelsonian the carbonate platform of Hydra (1972a). was characterized by the occurrence of Meandrospira In Hydra, M. dinarica appears at the base of the Anisian dinurica, Pilammina densa, Palaeomiliolina judicariensis, and continues to the top of the Pelsonian, whereas P. densa and TriadodiscuslAulotortus nsp. This fauna is completely appears during [he Pelsonian. According to our data, the absent in the Lagonegro sequence: in fact, during this period range of M. dinarica is therefore lower compared to Lagonegro is affected by terrigenous influxes, causing previous zonations. Furthermore, we have found M. dinarica carbonate sedimentation to occur only from lllyrian time. in associa tion with Aulotortus or Triadodisciis nsp. In conclusion, the two successions of Hydra and (= Involiitina siriuosa prugsoides sensu Bronnimann et al., Lagonegro show affinities, testifying to a similar evolution of 1973a). the passive continental margin, even if they were developed at slightly different times. In Hydra, the carbonate platform Palaeogeographic considerations (Eros Limestone) which had developed from Scythian to Palaeogeo6raphi'cally, there is a particular similarity Pelsonian time, becoming drowned during the Pelsonian, between the foraminiferal fauna of Hydra and that recorded whereas the carbonate platform of the Lagonegro area is by BrGnnirnann t't a/. (1973a,b) from the Anisian of southern referable to the Illyrian-Longobardian and became Bosnia-Herzegovina, as well as in other localities of the drowned at several different times within the Ladinian. Dinarides (Kochansky-DevidC 6i Pantic, 1966; Urosevic, IY77. 198 I. 19,K8). Lithological and faunal similarities SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS suggest a possible correlation between the Dinarides and the Citations. post-1976, are given in full to show the wide Subpelagonian :Zone of the Internal Hellenides (Hydra distribution within Tethys of these important foraminifera Island). and as a supplement to the detailed synonymies given by Our faunas also show many affinities with those reported Zaninetti (1976). The reader is referred to Tables 1 and 2

31 Rettori, Angiolini & Muttoni

for the distribution of the species in Hydra. For the position 1977 Glornospira densa (Pantic): Pantic-Prodanovic & of the samples and for the lithologies quoted in the text Radosevic: 79, pi. 4, figs 5, 8. below, see also Figs 4, 5. 1977 Glornospira densa (Pantic); Gazdzicki & Smit: 326, pl. 3 figs 4-9. Order Foraminiferida Eichwald, 1830 1977 Glornospira densa (Pantic); Urosevic: pl. 2, figs 6, 7. Superfamily Ammodiscacea Reuss, 1862 1978 Glornospira densa Pantic; Dager: 49, pl. 1, fig. 2. Family Ammodiscidae Reuss, 1862 1983 Pilammina densa Pantic; Salaj et al.: 66, pl. 9, figs 1-4. Subfamily Ammoveretellininae Saidova, 1981 1084 Glornospira densa (Pantic); He Yan: 422, pl. 1, figs Genus Glomospirella Plummer, 1945 1-6, 7?. Glomospirella grandis (Salaj, in Salaj, Biely & Bistricki, 1986 Pilamntina densa Pantic; Sudar: 352, pl. 17, figs 1-4. 1967) 1988 Glornospira densa (Pantic); Pirdeni: 147, pl. 1, figs 8, 9. (PI. 1, figs 9, 10) 1990 Glornospira (Pantic); He & Wang: 65, pl. 1, figs 1-10, For synonymies before 1976, see Zaninetti (1976: 101). 1990 Glornospira densa Pantic (sic); Lualdi & Bianchi: 48, 1977 Glomospirella grandis (Salaj); Pantic-Prodanovic & fig. 10 (8). Radosevic: 79, pl. 4, figs 3, 4. 1992 Pilarnrnina densa Pantic: lrifonova: 20, pl. 2, figs. 10, 1978 Glornospirella grandis (Salaj): Dager: SO, pl. 1, fig. 3. 11; pl. 4, fig. 1s. 1983 Pilarnrninella grandis Salaj; Salaj et al.: 68, pl. 12, figs 1, Remarks. The specimens from Hydra are comparable with 2. Pantic’s original material, except for the high number of 1983 Pilarnrninella serniplana (Kochansky-DevidC & Pantic): convolutions in the latter (40-60 in Pantic, 1965). Salaj et al.: 69, pl. 12, fig. 3, 4. P. densa is known from the Anisian of many Tethyan ?1989 Glomospirella serniplana (Kochansky-DevidC & localities (i.e. Dinarides, Hellenides, W. Carpathians, Pantic); Gaetani & Gorza: 46, pl. 11, figs 7, 8. Giudicarie Alps, Northern Calcareous Alps, Swiss Prealps, 1989 Glornospirella grandis (Salaj); Gaetani & Gorza: 46, pl. Kocaeli Peninsula (Turkey), Qinghai and Guizhou provinces 12, fig. 1. of China). The species is frequently mentioned in 1990 Glornospirella falsofriedli (Salaj, Borza & Samuel); He association with Meandrospira dinarica and Glornospirella & Wang: 67, pl. 1, figs 12, 13. grandis. We have found P. densa, together with the same 1990 Glornospirella grandis (Salaj); He & Wang: 66, pl. 1, Involutinacea (Triadodiscidae or Aulotortidae) recorded by figs 15, 16. Bronnimann et al. (1973a,b) and assigned by these authors 1992 Pilamrninella serniplana (Kochansky-DevidC); Trifo- to Inuolutina sinuosa pragsoides (Oberhauser), but we have nova: 21, pl. 1, fig. 10. never found P. densa either with M. dinarica or Remarks. Among the Triassic glomospirellas it is the Glomospirella grandis. largest in size (with a maximum diameter of 1.5mm Our specimens occur in the upper part of the stratigraphic according to Zaninetti, 1976). The species is very sections (5 and 6), attributed to the Pelsonian on the basis of distinctive as it is characterized by a wide, streptospirally the conodont association (G. bulgarica, G. h. hifurcata, G. enrolled initial part and then by a planispiral stage (3-5 h. hanbulogi, GI. tethydis). whorls). Occurrence. 0. Malies, Eros Limestones s.s., section 6, G. grandis has been recorded in the Anisian throughout samples GL 183, GL 185; 0. Purgos, Eros Limestone s.s., Tethys, often associated with Pilarnrnina densa and section 5, sample GL63; Aghios Marina, Eros Limestone Meandrospira dinarica. The species was named, but not s.s., section 4, sample GL 346; Gherakina, Eros Limestone figured, by Ramovs (1972) from the Carnian of Dinarids. s.s., section 3, samples H55, H59. In Hydra, our specimens are associated with M. dinarica, Pilammina praedensa Urosevic, 1Y88 ?Lamelliconus sp. and Turrispirillina prealpina and range (Pl. 1, figs 3, 4) from Early Anisian to Pelsonian, on the basis of associated 1988 Urosevic: 377, pl. 1, figs 1-6. conodonts faunas. Pilamminu praedensa Remarks. The species can be distinguished from P. Occurrence. 0. Purgos, Eros Limestone s.s., section 5, densa sample H 122, GL 60. Pantic in being smaller in size, in having a smaller number of convolutions and less tightly coiled initial whorls. Genus Pilammina Pantic, 1965 Pilarnrnina praedensa is known from the Scythian of the Pilammina densa Pantic, 1965 Inner Belt of eastern Serbia. The age of P. praedensa is (Pl. 2, figs 1, 2, 3?, 4, 5?) confirmed in Hydra by the presence of Spathian bivalves For synonymies before 1976, see Zaninetti (1976: 89). (Unionites sp. and Eurnorphotis sp.) and Scythian conodonts 1976 Glornospira densa (Pantic); Urosevic & Dumurdanov: (N. homeri). 93, PI. 2, fig. 4. He & Cai (1991) determined two specimens recorded in

Explanation of Plate 1 Fig. 1. Meundrospiru pusillu (Ho),sample: H105, stratigraphic section 5. Fig. 2. Meandrospiru cheni (Ho),sample: H105, stratigraphic section 5. Figs 3,4. Pilammina pruedensa Urosevic, sample: GL75, stratigraphic section 1. Fig. 5. Krikoumbilicu pilriformis He, sample: H103, stratigraphic section 5. Figs 6, 7, 8. Undetermined foraminifera, sample: GL76, stratigraphic section 1. Figs 9, 10. Glomospirrlla grandis Salaj, samples: fig. 9, GL60, stratigraphic section 5; fig. 10, H122, stratigraphic scction 5. Fig. 11. Gbmospiru sp., sample: H51, stratigraphic section 3.

32 Lower and Middle Triassic Foraminifera, Greece

33 Rettori, Angiolini & Muttoni

the Middle Triassic Guohua Formation (Guangxi, China) as Genus Endoteba Vachard & Razgallah. 1988 Glornospira sygrnoidulis (Rauser) (pl. 1, figs 3, 4). In our Endoteba sp. opinion these specimens are very similar to P. praedensa and (PI. 2, fig. 11) possibly synonymous. Remarks. Only one specimen, an equatorial cross-section, Occurrence. 0. Zakoni W, Eros Limestone, dark member, corresponds to the morphology of the genus Endoteba as section 1, sample GL75. described by Vachard & Razgallah, 1988 (type species Endoteba controuersa, found in the Permian of Jebel Tebaga, Tunisia). Superfamily Endothyracea Brady, 1884 Previously, Endoteha was known only from the Permian, Family Endothyridae Brady, 1884 but here it is recorded in the Triassic. However, Vachard & Subfamily Endothyranospinae Reytlinger, 1958 Razgallah suggest that many Triassic endothyras are Genus Endothyra Phillips, 1846, morphologically very close to Endoteba and propose a Endothyra aff. E. salaji Gazdzicki in Gazdzicki, Trammer phylogenetic trend between the two genera. & Zawidzka, 1975 In the Hydra section the genus Endoteba occurs in the (PI. 2, figs 6-8) Pelsonian. aff. 1975 Endothyra salaji Gazdzicki in Gazdzicki, Trammer Occurrence. 0. Malies, Eros Limestone s.s., section 6, & Zawidzka: 289, pl. 5, figs 1-6. sample H 175. 1977 Endothyra malayensis Gazdzicki & Smit: 324, pl. 8 figs 1-3. Genus Endothyranella Galloway & Harlton, 1930 1983 Endothyra sulaji Gazdzicki: Salaj et al.: 90, pl. 38, figs Endothyranella wirzi (Koehn-Zaninetti, 1968) 3, 5. (PI. 2, fig. 12; PI. 3, figs 1, 2, 3?, 6; PI. 4, fig. 5b) 1984 Endothyru salaji Gazdzicki; He: 426, pl. 3, fig. 10. For synonymies before 1976, see Zaninetti (1976: 129) Remarks. Our specimens are very similar to the 1977 Endothyranella wirzi (Koehn-Zaninetti); Gazdzicki & type-material figures in Gazdzicki et ul., 1975, but they Smit: 323, pl. 7 fig. 10. show larger dimension. The shape and arrangement of the 1978 Endothyranella wirzi (Koehn-Zaninetti); Dager: 54, pl. chambers in the last whorls, together with their tendency 1, fig. 19. to uncoil, suggests an affinity with E. salaji. 197Y? Endothyranella wirzi (Koehn-Zaninetti); He Yan: In our opinion, the species E. malayensis Gazdzicki & 1168, PI. 73, fig. 2. Smit, from the (probably Ladinian) Kodiang Limestone 1983 Endothyranella wirtzi (sic) (Koehn-Zaninetti); Salaj et (Kedah, North West Malaysia) must be synonymized with al.: 93, pl. 45, figs 2, 3; pl. 61, figs 1-4. E. salaji as it is not possible to recognize significant 1983? Endothyranella aff. wirtzi (sic) (Koehn-Zaninetti); morphological, dimensional and stratigraphical differences Salaj et al.: pl. 48, fig. 1. to justify a separate species. 1986 Endothyranella wirzi (Koehn-Zaninetti); Sudar: 209, As already pointed out by Koehn-Zaninetti (1969), the pl. 18, fig. 4. presence of tectum and diaphanotheca in the wall of Triassic 1987 Endothyranella wirzi (Koehn-Zaninetti); Oravecz- endothyras is never clear; this is related to an evolutionary Scheffcr: 95, pl. XX, figs 1-2, 4, 7-9. simplification of the wall or to diagnetic processes. Vachard 1987 Endothyranella cf. wirzi (Koehn-Zaninetti); Oravecz- & Razgallah (1988) suggested that most of the Triassic Scheffer: pl. 20, figs 3, 5. endothyras and endothyranellas are directly linked with 1987 Endothyranella? sp.: Oravecz-Scheffer: pl. 20, fig. 6. their new genus Endoteba, described from the Permian of 1988 Endothyranella wirzi (Koehn-Zaninetti): Pirdeni: 147, Jebel Tebaga, Tunisia. pi. 1, fig. 10. Endothyra salaji was recorded by Gazdzicki et al. (1975) 1988 Endothyranella sp.: Pirdeni: pl. 1, fig. 11. in the Fassanian Muschelkalk of Poland; Oravecz-Scheffer 1989 Endothyranella wirzi (Koehn-Zaninetti): Gaetani & (1987) found, but did not figure the species in the Anisian Gorza: 44, pl. 12, fig. 2. Falsoor Limestone of Hungary; E. salaji also occurs in the 1989 Arnrnobaciclites radstattensis (sic) Kristan-Tollmann: Pelsonian-Illyrian of the West Carpathians (Salaj et al., Gaetani & Gorza: pl. 12, fig. 3. [Note the mistake in the 1983) and possibly also in the Carnian-Norian of the same explanation of the plate: the caption of fig. 4 must be region (Salaj et al., 1983); it was also recorded in the Middle referred to fig. 3 and vice versa]. Triassic of Guizhou (China) (He, 1984). In Hydra, E. aff. E. 1990 Endothyranella wirri (Koehn-Zaninetti); Ciarapica et salaji is Early Anisian to Pelsonian in age. ul.: 154, Fig. 5E. Occurrence. 0. Purgos, Eros Limestone s.s., section 5, 1991 Ammohaculites radstadtensis Kristan-Tollmann; He & samples H 130, GL 65. Cai: pl. 1, figs 20-22.

Explanation of Plate 2 Figs 1, 2, 3?, 4, S? Pilumminu densu Pantic, samples: fig. 1, H183, stratigraphic section 6; fig. 2, H.59, stratigraphic section 5: fig. 3, HSS, stratigraphic section 3; figs 4, H18.5, stratigraphic section 6; fig. 5, GL346, stratigraphic section 4. Figs 6-8. Endothyru aff. E. suluji Gazdzicki, samplcs: fig. 6, H130, stratigraphic section 5: fig. 7, H130, stratigraphic section 5; 8, GL6.5, stratigraphic section 5. Figs 9, 10. Endothyru sp., samples: fig. 9, H171, stratigraphic section 6; fig. 10, H173, Stratigraphic section 6. Fig. 11. EndotL.hU sp., sample: H175, stratigraphic section 6. Fig. 12. Enciothymnclla wirzi Koehn-Zaninetti, sample: H64, stratigraphic section 3.

34 Lower and Middle Triassic Foraminifera, Greece

3s Rettori, Angiolini & Muttoni

Remarks. All the specimens assigned to E. wirzi have 1977 Meandrospira pusilla (Ho): Gazdzicki & Smit: 326, pl. characteristics comparable with those mentioned in the 4, figs 8-10. original description by Koehn-Zaninetti (1969), although it 1978 Meandrospira pusilla (Ho); Dager: 55, pl. 2, figs 7. 8. was not always possible to observe the coiled stage. The 1983 Meandrospira pusilla (Ho); Salaj et al.: 101, PI. 55, figs globular embracing chambers, the terminal aperture 1-15. produced on a neck in the uniserial part and the thin ?1983 Meandrospira insolita (Ho); Salaj et al.: 100, pl. 55, microgranular or finely agglutinating wall are diagnostic figs 16?, 17-19a, 19b. characteristics of the species. 1983 Meandrospira cheni (Ho); Salaj et a/.: 99, pl. 56, figs 6, The specimen figures in our PI. 2, fig. 12 and others from 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 18. the literature show a change of coiling plane in the spiral 1987 Meandrospira pusilla (Ho); Oravecz-Scheffer: 113, pl. part, this character confirming the attribution of the species 8, fig. 15; PI. 9, figs 1,2, 4: PI. 11, figs 1,4, 5. to Endothyranella Galloway & Harlton, rather than to 1988 Meandrospira pusilla (Ho); Pirdeni: 146, pl. 1, figs 1-4. Arnmobaculites Cushman, as originally described. 1988 Meandrospira pusilla (Ho); He: 89, pl. 2, figs 10, 12. Endothyranella wirzi is known in the Tethyan Middle 1988 Meandrospira immatura He: 92, pl. 2, figs 13, 14. Triassic, occurring in the Anisian (Koehn-Zaninetti, 1969) 1988 Meandrospira insolita (Ho); He: 89, pl. 2, figs 15-18. and in the Ladinian (Zaninetti, 1976). In Hydra we have 1988 Meandrospira pusilla (Ho): Trifonova & Catalov: 80, recorded the species in the Early Anisian (as high as the pl. 1, fig. 15. Pelsonian). 1990 Meandrospiru pusilla (Ho): Lualdi & Bianchi: 46, Fig. Occurrence. Gherakina, Eros Limestone s.s., section 3, 10 (2a). sample H 64; 0. Purgos, Eros Limestone s.s., section 5, 1990 Meandrospira pusilla (Ho); Baroz et al.: 28, pl. 4, figs samples H 126, H 128, H 129; 0. Malies, Eros Limestone 1-6, 9, 11, 12. s.s., section 6, sample H 176. Remarks. Although very rare in our samples from Hydra, Superfamily Cornuspiracea Schultze, 1854 our few specimens are morphologically referable to some Family Meandrospiridae Saidova, 1981 of the type specimens illustrated by Ho (19.59) from the Subfamily Meandrospirinae Saidova, 1981 Lower Triassic Chialingkiang Limestone (He, 1979, 1988) Genus Meandrospira Loeblich & Tappan. 1946 of South Szechuan (China) (see also above). M. pusilla is Meundrospira pusilla (Ho, 1959) very common in the lower Triassic of all parts of Tethys. (PI. 1, fig. 1; PI. 4, fig. 14) It is associated with M. cheni in sample H104, Scythian 1959 Trochumminoides pusillus Ho: 416, pl. 7, figs. 18-29; (probably Spathian) in age, and with M. dinarica in the PI. 8, figs. 1-5. sample GL 155 (Pelsonian in age on the basis of 1959 Trochamminoides flosculiformis Ho: 416, pl. 8, figs. conodonts). The presence of rare specimens of M. pusilla 6- 10. in the Anisian has already been established by several 1959 Trocharnminoides insolitus Ho: 416, pl. 8, figs. 11?, 12?, authors (i.e. Salaj et al., 1967; Bechstadt & Bradner, 1970: 13-15. Bronnimann et al., 1973a,b; Farabegoli et al., 1976). In 1959 Trocharnminoides cheni Ho: 416 (in part), pl. 8, figs 18, Hydra the coexistence of M. pusilla and M. dinarica in 19 not figs 16, 17. sediments containing Pelsonian conodonts confirms that 1964 Citaella iulia Premoli Silva: 661, pl. 48, figs 1-20; pl. even if the acme of M. pusilla does occur during the Early 49, figs 1-20: PI. 50, figs 1-7; PI. 51, fig Triassic, in favourable palaeoecological conditions (Zani- For other synonymies before 1976, see Zaninetti (1976: 135). netti, 1976; Farabegoli et al., 1976; Oravecz-Scheffer, 1987) 1976 Meandrospira pusilla (Ho); Zaninetti: 135, pl. 1, figs this species continues into the Anisian. 5-7, 9-11, not fig. 8. occurrence. 0. Purgos, Eros Limestone s.s., section 5, 1976 Meandrospira forma pusilla Farabegoli et al.: 679, sample H 104, H 105; Tsingri Bay, Eros Limestone, upper figs.6a, b, f. lithozone, sample GL 155. 1976 Meandrospira forma insolita or pusilla Farabegoli et al.: fig. 6e. Meandrospira cheni (Ho), 1959 1976 Meandrospira juliu (Premoli Silva); Urosevic & (PI. 1, fig. 2) Dumurdanov: 93, pl. 1, fig. 2. 1959 Trocharnminoides cheni Ho: 416 (in part), pl. 8, figs 16, 1976 Meandrospira pusilla (Ho); Urosevic & Dumurdanov: 17, not figs 18, 19. 93, pl. 1, fig. 6. 1976 Meandrospiru pusillu (Ho); Zaninetti: 135, pl. 1, fig. 8. 1977 Meandrospira iuliu (Premoli Silva); Pantic-Prodanovic 1976 Meandrospiru forma gigantea Farabegoli et al. : 679, fig. & Radosevic: 76, pl. 2, figs 6-7. 64 g, h. 1977 Meandrospira pusilla (Ho); Trifonova: 32, pl. 2, figs 1, 1983 Meandrospira pusilla (110); Salaj et al.: 101, pl. 56, figs 2; PI. 3, fig. 3. 1-5, 7?, 9, 13?, 15?, 16?, 17?, 19.

Explanation of Plate 3 Figs I, 2, 3?, 6. Endothyrunella wirzi Kochn-Zaninetti, samples: fig. 1, H126, stratigraphic section 5; fig. 2, H176, stratigraphic section 6; fig. 3, H129. stratigraphic section 5; fig. 6, H64, stratigraphic section 3. Figs 4, 7, 8. Ammohaculires sp./Reophax sp., samples: fig. 4, H126, stratigraphic section 5; 7, H130, stratigraphic section 5; fig. 8, GL62, stratigraphic section 5. (The vertical scale bar refers to figs 7, 8). Figs 5, 9. Palaeomiliolina judicariensis (Premoli Silva), samples: figs 10, 11, H12.5, stratigraphic section 5; fig. 12, H126, stratigraphic section 5.

36 Lower and Middle Triassic Foraminifera, Greece

37 Lower and Middle Triassic Foraminifera, Greece

1990 Meandrospira cheni (Ho): Baroz et a/.: 28, pl. 4, figs 1983 Meandrospira dinurica Kochansky-DevidC & Pantic: 13-18, Salaj et al.: 90, pl. 47, fig. 4; pl. 51, figs 1-8; pl. 52. figs 1-8. Remarks. In association with rare specimens of M. pusilla 1983 Meandrospiranella (Kochansky-DevidC & Pantic; 1966) in the Scythian of Hydra, we have recorded a few n. sp.; Salaj et al.: 28, fig. 8. specimens distinguishable from M. pusilla on the basis of 1984 Meandrospira dinarica Kochansky-DevidC & Pantic: a reduced number of zigzag bends, together with a smaller He: 429, pi. 3, figs 4-6?, 7-9. size of test and deuteroloculus. Morphologically these 1986 Meandrospira dinaricu Kochansky-DevidC & Pantic; specimens are comparable with part of the type-material Sudar: pl. 19, figs 1-5. of Meandrospira cheni (= Trochamminoides cheni Ho, 1987 Meandrospira dinarica Kochansky-Devid6 & Pantic; 1959) from China. This species has long been considered a Oravecz-Scheffer: 113, pl. 19, figs I?, 2?, 3?, 4-11, 14. synonym of M. pusillu. Recently, Baroz et a/. (1990) 1988 Meandrospira dinaricu Kochansky-DevidC & Pantic: asserted the validity of M. cheni, recorded together with Pirdeni: 1437, pl, 1, fig. 7. M. pidsillu, in the Lower Triassic of the Oreokastro 1989 Meandrospira dinarica Kochansky-DevidC & Pantic; mountain belt (Greece) and we agree with them in Gaetani & Gorza: pl. 10, fig. 2; pl. 1, fig. 5 (not named). considering M. cheni a transitional form between M. 1990 Meandrospira dinarica Kochansky-DevidC & Pantic: pusillu and M. dinarica. A phylogenetic lineage within this Baroz et al.: 30, pl. 5, figs 4-9. group had already been commented upon by Farabegoli et 1990 Meandrospira dinarica Kochansky-DevidC & Pantic: ul. (1976) and by Oravecz-Scheffer (1987). These authors Lualdi & Bianchi: 48, fig. 10 (7). proposed, however, a link through the informal taxon Remarks. The Hydra specimens are close to the original ‘Meandrospira forma gigantea’ of Farabegoli et (11. (1976), description of the species, even though they are smaller in recorded in association with both M. pusilla and M. size (diameter of the test 0.20-0.35 mm) than those rfinarica. As already noted by Baroz et al. (1990), figured by Kochansky-DevidC & Pantic (1966). The Farabegoli et a/.’s specimens of ‘M. forma gigantea’, found specimen figured by Kochansky-DevidC & Pantic (1966, pl. in association with M. pusilla, show affinities with M. 4, fig. 11) and named Meandrospira sp. was distinguished cheni, whereas those associated with M. dinarica fall by them because ‘. . .die kleiner als die M. dinaricu und within the intraspecific variation of M. dinarica. Specimens mehr nautiloid ist, dunnere Wande und einen noch of ‘M. gigantea’ figured also by Oravecz-Scheffer (1987) langsameren Zuwachs hat.. .’ (1966: 27). The same (pl. 13, figs 1-4) seem to belong to dinarica. specimen was considered by Salaj et al. (1983) to be a In conclusion, we can confirm that in Hydra M. cheni new species belonging to the genus Meandrospiranellu occurs together with rare specimens of M. pusilla at the base Salaj, but they did not elaborate further in the text. In of the Eros Limestone s.s., in the Scythian (probably our view, this specimen is an axial cross-section of M. Spathian), and it is never found above this level. In contrast, dinarica whose dimensions and morphology can be M. pusillu is present also in the later, Pelsonian portion of considered as intraspecific variation. Eros Limestone (upper lithozone) together with M. dinarica. M. dinaricu has been recorded in the Anisian of all Occurrence. 0. Purgos, Eros Limestone s.s., section 5, Tethyan regions. In Hydra, M. dinarica occurs in the Early sample H 105. Anisian as high as the Pelsonian. Occurrence. Gherakina, Eros Limestone s.s., section 3, samples H 60, H 66; Episkopi, Eros Limestone s.s., section Meandrospira dinarica Kochansky-DevidC & Pantic, 1966 4, sample GL342; 0. Purgos, Eros Limestone s.s., section (Pl. 3, figs 10-12; P1. 4, figs 1-13, 15; P1. 5, figs 1-2) 5, samples H 125. H 126, H 127, H 128, GL61, GL58, 1966 Meandrospira dinarica Kochansky-DevidC & Pantic: GL59, GL60: 0. Malies, Eros Limestone s.s., section 6, 21, pl. 3, figs 9-11; pl. 4, figs 1-10. sample H 167; Tsingri Bay, Eros Limestone, upper 1966 Meandrospira sp.; Kochansky-DevidC & Pantic: pl. 4, lithozone, sample GL 155. fig. 11. For other synonymies before 1976, see Zaninetti (1976: 133) ‘Meandrospira’ ?deformata Salaj in Salaj, Biely & I976 Meandrospira dinaricu Kochansky-DevidC & Pantic; Bistricky, 1967 Urosevic & Dumurdanov: 93, pl. 2, figs 1, 2. (Pl. 5, figs 3-7) 1977 Meandrospira dinarica Kochansky-DevidC & Pantic; Remarks. In sample GL 334 we have found some Pantic-Prodanovic & Radosevic: 79, pl. 4, figs 1, 2. specimens consisting of a globular proloculus and an 1978 Meandrospira dinarica Kochansky-DevidC & Pantic; undivided, tubular second chamber irregularly coiled; the Dager: 54, pl. 2, fig. 6. wall is porcelaneous. These forms are very close to those

Explanation of Plate 4 Figs 1-4. Meandrospira dinarica Kochansky-DevidC & Pantic, samples: figs 1, 2, H126, stratigraphic section 5; figs 3, 4, H127, stratigraphic scction 5. Fig. Sa (left) Meandrospira dinarica Kochansky-Devidk & Pantic; b (right) Endothanella wirzi Kohen-Zaninetti, sample: HI 78, Stratigraphic section 6. Figs 6-13. Meandrospira dinarica Kochansky-DevidC & Pantic, samples: fig. 6, H128, stratigraphic section 5; fig. 7, H128, stratigraphic section 5; fig. 8, GLS9. stratigraphic section 5; fig. 9, GLS9, stratigraphic section 5; fig. 10, GL342, stratigraphic section 4; fig. 11. GL60, stratigraphic section 5; fig. 12, GLISS, Eros Limestone, upper lithozone; fig. 13, GLISS, Eros Limestone, upper lithozone. Fig. 14. Mrunrlrospiru pusillu (Ho), sample: GLlSS, Eros Limestone, upper lithozone. Fig. IS. Mecrndrospira dinarica Kochansky-Devid@& Pantic, sample: H60, stratigraphic section 3.

38 Lower and Middle Triassic Foraminifera, Greece

39 Rettori, Angiolini & Muttoni

figured by Trifonova (1972, pl. 2, figs 4, 5) and Salaj et a/. 1987 Turritellella mesotriasicu Koehn-Zaninetti: He & Yue: (1983, pl. 54, figs 1-6) and included in the taxon pl. 1, figs 16-22. Meandrospira deformata Salaj, 1967 by them. Similar 1987 Turritellella lataxis He & Yue: pl. 2, figs 3-5, 13, 14. specimens have also been identified by Gazdzicki et al. ? 1987 Turritellella cf. mesotriasica Koehn-Zaninetti: He & (1975, pl. 7, figs 9-16) as Meandrospira? deformata Salaj. Yue: pl. 2, figs I, 2. In our opinion all these specimens, including those from 1990 Turriglomina mesotriasica (Koehn-Zaninetti) (forme Hydra, do not correspond in shape and dimension to the A‘?); Zaninetti et al.: pl. 1, fig. 12. holotype of Meandrospira deformata as figured originally 1990 Turritellella lataxis He & Yue; He & Wang: 224, pl. 2. by Salaj et al. (1967, pl. 2, fig. 3d) and by Salaj et al. figs 12, 17, 18. (1983, pl. 53, fig. 4). The Hydra specimens were recorded 1991 Turriglomina mesotriasica (Koehn-Zaninetti): He & near the base of the Pelsonian substage. Cai: 217, pl. 2, figs 19, 20, 25. Occurrence. Between Episkopi and Aghios Marina, Eros Remarks. The specimens from Hydra correspond mor- Limestone s.s., section 4, sample GL334. phologically to the re-description given by Limongi et al. (1987). We now consider the Chinese species Turriglornina Genus Meandrospiranella Salaj, 1969 latuxis (He & Yue, 1987) (=Turritellella lataxis He & Yue, Meandrospiranella? sp. 1987) to be synonymous with T. mesotriasica. In our (PI. 5, figs 8-11: PI. 6, fig. 1) opinion the specimens figured by He & Yue (1987; pi. 2, Remarks. Our specimens have been assigned to figs 3-5, 13, 14, holotype fig. 4) and He & Wang (1991; Meandrospiranella with reservation because only a slight pl. 2, figs 12-17) are merely different cross-sections of T. tendency to uncoil can be observed. The Hydra species, at mesotriasica. In fact, the diagnostic parameters of T. present left in open nomenclature, can be distinguished lataxis fail within the intraspecific variation of mesotriasica. from Meandrospiranella sarnueli Salaj (in Salaj et al., 1967) as originally given by Koehn-Zaninetti. in having a larger test (0.55-0.6 mm) and deuterolocular T. mesotriasica is known from the Middle Triassic of many (0.055-0.065 mm) diameter (cf. also type material figured Tethyan regions (Zaninetti, 1976): the Balkans, Kocaeli by Salaj, Borza & Samuel, 1983, pl. 57, figs 1-5). Peninsula (Turkey), Carpathians (Czechoslovakia, Hun- Meandrospiranella? sp. has been recorded from Early gary), Southern Apennines (Italy), and Guangxi and Anisian to Pelsonian strata. Sichuan Provinces (China). In Hydra it has been found in Occurrence. Episkopi, Eros Limestone s.s., section 4, association with an Illyrian conodont fauna characterized by sample G1342; 0. Purgos, Eros Limestone s.s., section 5, G. excelsa and GI. tethydis (see above). samples H 125, H 126, H 127. Occurrence. Vlichos, Han Bulog Limestone., sample H 4. Subfamily Turriglomininae Zaninetti in Limongi et a/., Turriglomina magna (Urosevic, 1981) 1987 (PI, 6, fig. 2) Genus Turriglomina Zaninetti in Limongi et a/., 1987 1977 ‘Ti*rritellella‘ mesotriasica Koehn-Zaninetti; Urosevic: Turriglomina mesotriasica (Koehn-Zaninetti, 1968) pl. 1, figs 1-9, lo?, 11-15. (PI. 6, fig. 3) 1981 Turritellella magna Urosevic: 114, pl. 2, figs 1-2 For synonymies before 1976, see Zaninetti (1976: 105). 1987 Turriglomina mesotriasica (Koehn-Zaninetti); Limongi 1978a Turritellella? mesotriassica (sic) Koehn-Zaninetti; et al.: 13, figs 2A, B. Trifonova: 101, pl. 2, fig. 11. 1987 Turriglornina mesotriasica (Koehn-Zaninetti), forme B, 197% Turritellella mesotriassica (sic) Koehn-Zaninetti; ou Turriglomina n. sp., ou Turriglomina n. sp. ou Trifonova: 58, pl. 2, fig. 1. Turriglornina?; Zaninetti et al.: 177, pl. 1, fig. 2. 1978 ‘Turritellella’ mesotriasica Koehn-Zaninetti; Dager: 50, 1988 Glomoturritellella magna (Urosevic): Urosevic: 377, pl. PI. 1, figs 9, 10. 2, figs 1, la-5. 1979 Turritellella mesotriasica Koehn-Zaninetti: He: 1169, 1990 Turriglomina magnu (Urosevic): Ciarapica et a/.: figs PI. 73, fig. 6. 4B, C. 1983 ‘Turritellella’ rnesotriasica Koehn-Zaninetti: Salaj et al.: 1990 cf. Turriglornina magnu (Urosevic) (forme B?); 70, pl. 16, fig. 1. Zaninetti et al.: 295, pl. 1, figs 4, 7, 81. 1985 Turritellella mesotriassica (sic) Koehn-Zaninetti; Sotak: 1990 Turriglomina rnagna (Urosevic) (forme B?): Zaninetti 94, PI. 1, fig. 1. et a/.:pl. 1, figs 5, 6. 1987 Turritellella mesotriasica Koehn-Zaninetti: Oravecz- 1990 cf. Turriglomina magna (Urosevic) (forme A?): Scheffer: 11 1, pl. 16, figs 3, 7?. Zaninetti et al.: pl. 1, figs 10-11. 1987 ‘ Turritellella‘ mesotriasica Koehn-Zaninetti: Oravecz- 1991 Turriglomina guangxiensis He in He & Cai: 228, pl. 2. Scheffer: pl. 28, fig. 1; pl. 31, figs 1, 2, 5, 6?, 7 (not fig. 8). figs 15-18, 21-24; pl. 4, figs 1-4, 9.

Explanation of Plate 5 Figs I, 2. Meandrospiru dinarica Kochansky-Devide & Pantic, sample: H66, stratigraphic section 3. Figs 3-7. ‘Menndrospirtr’ ?drformcrtu Salaj, sample: GL334, stratigraphic section 4. Figs 8-11, Mrandrospirane//u sp., samples: figs 8, 9, H125, stratigraphic section 5; fig. 10, H127, stratigraphic section 5; fig. 11, H126, stratigraphic section 5:

40 Lower and Middle Triassic Foraminifera, Greece

41 Rettori, Angiolini & Muttoni

Remarks. Our specimen is morphologically (particularly rlinarica (= Citaella dinarica in Premoli Silva, 1971). dimensions, height 0.4 mm) very similar to Turriglornina Trifonova found P. judicariensis in Pelsonian limestones in inagna (Urosevic, 1981) [ = G'lomoturitellellu rnagnu Bulgaria and Gazdzicki et al. (1975) and Oravecz-Scheffer (Urosevic, 1981, 1988), originally recorded from the also recorded the species in the Pelsonian (the Muschel- Carnian-Norian? limestones of the Balkans. Urosevic kalk) of Poland and Hungary (Felsoor Limestone), (1981) claimed to have observed the existence of respectively. In Hydra, P. judicuriensis and M. dinarica dimorphism in this species, but the morphological occur at the same stratigraphical level in the Pelsonian differences of the two supposed generations are not clear. substage; even if we have never found the two species in Neither we nor Zaninetti et a/. (1990) could recognize the same sample, it is possible that the two could coexist. dimorphism in our material, but can confirm the Occurrence. Episkopi, Eros Limestone s.s., section 4, occurrence of the species in the Middle Triassic of Hydra sample GL346; 0. Malies, Eros Limestone s.s., section 6, and the Southern Apennines (M. Facito Formation auct.), sample H 177. respectively. In Hydra we have recorded it in the lower part of the Pelsonian. Suborder Spirillinina Hohenegger & Piller, 1975 The Chinese species Turriglomina guagxiensis He (in He Family Spirillinidae Reuss & Fritsch, 1861 & Cai, 1991) is here considered to be a synonym of T. Genus: Turrispirillina Cushman, 1927 magna, since the morphology and the dimensional Turrispirillina prealpina Zaninetti & Bronnimann in parameters are the same in the two species. Zaninetti, Bronnimann & Baud, 1972a (Pl. 6, figs 6, 7) Occurrence. 0. Purgos, Eros Limestone s.s., section 5, sample GLS7. 1972a Ti~rrispirillina prealpina Zaninetti & Bronnimann in Zaninetti, Bronnimann & Baud: 480, pl. 6, figs 1-18; pl. 7, figs 4-7, 9, 10; pl. 9, figs 21, 22, 25-35; pl. 11, fig. 14. Superfamily Miliolacea Ehrenberg, 1839 Family Spiroloculinidae Wiesner, I920 1976 Turrispirillina prealpina Zaninetti & Bronnimann; Genus Palaeomiliolina Antonova, 1959 Zaninetti: 155, pl. 14, figs 26-30. 1983 Turrispirillina prealpina Zaninetti & Bronnimann; Salaj Palaeomiliolina judicariensis (Premoli Silva, 197 1) 131, pl. 7, fig. 1. (Pl. 3, figs 5, 9) et al.: Remarks. Our specimens are very similar to those 1971 Agathammina judicariensis Premoli Silva: 343, pl. 29, described by Zaninetti a/., 1972a. The test is evolute figs 1, 2, 3, 5, 6. et with a high spire, but our cross-sections are always 1975 Agufhammina judicariensis Premoli Silva; Gazdzicki et oblique, so that it is not possible to evaluate the exact a/.: pl. 6, figs 1-2. apical angle, which however, appears to be fall within the 1976 Agatharnminu judicuriensis Premoli Silva; Zaninetti: 132, pl. 5, figs 8, 9. same interval (90-140") given by the original authors. The ratio of height versus basal diameter is about I, allowing 1977 Agatharnmina judicariensis Premoli Silva; Urosevic: pl. 7'. 2, figs 1-5. prealpina to be distinguished from T. minima Pantic, whose ratio ranges from 1:2 to 2:3. The 'distinction 1979 Palaeomiliolina judicariensis (Premoli Silva); Trifo- nova: 9, pl. I, figs 1-6. between these two species is also based on the fact that, in section, the deuteroloculus of is not as 1987 Palaeorniliolina judicariensis (Premoli Silva); Oravecz- T. minima Scheffer: pl. 15, fig. 14. circular as that of T. prealpina and the coiling is semi-involute. Remarks. In 1971 Premoli Silva described a new bilocular The calcareous hyaline wall of is not well foraminifer coiled in about five planes (as in T. prealpina preserved in our material, because of the presence of an Quinqueloculina) and with two or three planispiral whorls, encrusted surface. assigning this taxon to Agathammina Neumayr, 1887. According to Zaninetti (1972a,b), Later, Trifonova (1979) referred this species to the genus et al. T. prealpina occurs in the late Anisian of the Swiss Prealps. In Hydra, it Palueomiliolina Antonova, 1959, because her new analysis occurs in Early Anisian to Pelsonian strata. demonstrated that it has chambers with a quinqueloculine Occurrence. 0. Purgos, Eros Limestone s.s., section 5, coiling which sometimes have a tendency to a sigmoiline samples GL60, H 127. arrangement in the last whorls. The chamber arrangement of our specimens is in agreement with the generic Superfamily Involutinacea Butschli, 1880 placement of judicariensis within Palaeomiliolina as Family Triadodiscidae Zaninetti, 1984 or proposed by Trifonova (1979). According to Premoli Silva Aulotortidae Zaninetti, 1984 (1971), P. judicariensis appears in the Pelsonian at about Subfamily Triadodiscinae Zaninetti, 1984 or the same time as the disappearance of Meandrospira Aulotortinae Zaninetti, 1984

Explanation of Plate 6 Fig. 1. Meandrospirunella sp., sample: GL342, stratigraphic section 4. Fig. 2. Turriglornina rnagna (Urosevic), sample: GL57, stratigraphic section 5. Fig. 3. Turriglorninu mesotriusica (Koehn-Zaninetti), sample: H4, Han Bulog Limestone, Vlichos. Figs 4, 5. Spirillina sp., sample: GL60, stratigraphic section 5. Figs 6, 7. Turrispirillinu preulpinu Zaninetti & Bronnimann, samples: fig. 6: GL60. stratigraphic section 5; 7, H127, stratigraphic section 5. Fig. 8. Triadodiscus or Aulotortus n.sp., sample: H185, stratigraphic section 6. (The vertical scale refers to fig. 8). Fig. 9. ?Lamelliconus sp., sample: GL60, stratigraphic section 5. Fig. 10. Triadodiscidae or Aulotortidae, sample: GL61, stratigraphic section 5.

42 Lower and Middle Triassic Foraminifera, Greece

43 Rettori, Angiolini & Muttoni

Genus Triadodiscus Piller, 1983 or Aulotortus Muschelkalk of southern Poland (Gazdzicki et a/., 1975) and Weynschenk, 1956 in the Anisian reefal limestones of Bosnia-Herzegovina Triadodiscus or Aulortortus n. sp. (Bronnimann et at., 1973a). In Hydra it is recorded for the (Pl. 6, fig. 8) first time from the Scythian on the basis of the presence of 1973a Inuolutina sinuosa pragsoides (Oberhauser); the conodont Neospathodus homeri (Bender) in the same Bronnimann et a/.: 315, pl. 19, figs 1-18; PI. 20, figs 1-7, 9, sample. 10, 13; fig. la-t. Occurrence. 0. Purgos, Eros Limestone s.s., section 5, 1975 Involurina sinuosa pragsoides (Oberhauser); Gazdzicki sample H 103. er a/.:pl. 10, fig. 9. Lituolidae of uncertain generic classification Remarks. The specimens from Hydra are like those (PI. 3, figs 4, 7-8) figured by Bronnimann et al. (1973a) from the Anisian of In our material there are several sections of foraminifera Bosnia-Herzegovina and named by them as Inuolutina with agglutinated or microgranula walls, often large in size. sinuosa pragsoides (Oberhauser). In our opinion, the new These have been assigned to Ammobaculites sp./Reophax species can be distinguished from I. sinuosu pragsoides in sp. as their cross-sections do not show the initial part, which having much larger test diameter (1.1 nim), a very small could be planispiral or uniserial. Sometimes in the literature, diameter of the deuteroloculus (0.05 mm in the early authors (i.e. Premoli Silva, 1971; Salaj al., 1983, whorls) and a marked peculiar rhomboid shape. A et Oravecz-Scheffer, 1987; Trifonova, 1992) have assigned detailed revision of the material by Bronnimann, Cadet & these specimens to We do not agree with this Zaninetti ( 1973a) is necessary before this species can Earlundinita. assignment because the initial spire, which is the main formally be described and assigned to the correct genus. It is also present in the Pelsonian Muschelkalk of diagnostic character used to distinguish the different genera, is never recognizable. Southern Poland (Gazdzicki et a/., 1975): in Hydra, on the hasis of the presence of the conodonts C. b. bifurcatu, G. b. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS hanhulogi and C. bulgarica, its occurrence is Late Pelsonian in age. The authors are deeply grateful to A. Nicora (University of Occurrence. 0. Malies, Eros Limestone, upper lithozone, Milan) for the conodont determinations and for her section 6, sample H 185. friendship. Special thanks are due to L. Zaninetti (University of Geneva), M. Gaetani and I. Premoli Silva Superfamily Duostominacea Brotzen, 1963 (University of Milan) for their interest and their constructive Family Duostominidae Brotzen, 1963 criticism. J. E. Whittaker (British Museum (Natural Genus Krikoumbilica He, 1984 History), London gave assistance and reviewed the Krikoumbilica pileiformis He, 1984 manuscript. (Pl. 1. fig. 5) 1973a Duostominidae: Diplotreminu? sp. Kristan-Tollmann; Manuscript received September 1992 Bronnimann et al.: pl. 21, figs 14, ?16. Revised manuscript accepted April 1993 1975 Diplotreminu astrofimbriata Kristan-Tollmann; Gazdz- icki et al: pl. 6, figs 4, S?, 6. REFERENCES 1984 Krikoumbilica pileiformis He: 430, pl. 2, figs 9, 10, 12, Angiolini, L., Dragonetti, L., Muttoni, G. & Nicora, A. 1992. 13; pl. 4, figs 8-11 (also recorded as pileformis on p. 430). Triassic stratigraphy in the Island of Hydra (Greece). Riuistu Itulianu di Puleontologiue Strutigrafia. 98 137.- 180. 1991 Krikoumbilica pileiformis He; He & Cai: pl. 2, figs 1, 2, Baroz, F., Martini, R. & Zaninetti, L. 1990. Un aspect de la 3, S?, 6; pl. 4, figs 8, ll?. plate-forme carbonat& triasique dans les hellinides internes: le Remarks. The specimen illustrated by us is very similar to chainon d’OrCkastro. Riuista Italiana di Puleontologiue the holotype illustrated by He (1984). The species is Stratigrafiu, 96: 21-38. Bechstldt, T. & Bradner, R. 1970. Das Anis zwicschen St. Vigil und characterized by a circular umbilicus, whose margin is not dem Holensteintal (Pragser und Olanger Dolomiten, Siidtirol). lobate like that in Diplotreminu Kristan-Tolmann. Festband, Geologische Institut, 30OJuhr-Feier der Universitiit Loeblich & Tappan (1987) assigned the Genus Innsbruck, 9-103. Krikoumbilica to the family Oberhauserellidae Fuchs, but Bronnimann, P., Cadet, J. P. & Zaninetti, L. 1973a. Sur la prCscncc the wall of Krikoumbilicu is calcareous microgranula while d’lnuolurinu sinuosa pragsoides (Oberhauser) (ForaminiRre) dans I’Anisien supkrieur probable de Bosnie-HerzCgovine mkridionale that of the Oberhauserellidae is calcareous hyaline. (Yougoslavie). Rivistu ltuliuna di Puleontologiue Stratigrafiu, 79 According to Koehn-Zaninetti (1969, the Anisian specim- 301 -336. ens of the Duostominidae usually exhibit one microgranular Bronnimann, P., Cadet, J. P. & Zaninetti, L. 1973b. Sur quelqucs calcitic layer, which represents the outer preserved layer of Foraminifires de I’anisien (Trias moyen) de Bosnie-HerzCgovine meridionale (Yougoslavie). Riuistu ltalianu di faleonrologiue the double wall of the test: this is also confirmed by Premoli Stratigrafia, 79 461 -478. Silva (1971). We therefore agree with the assignment of K. Ciarapica, G., Cirilli, S., Martini, R., Rettori, R., Zaninetti, L. & pileiformis by He (1984: 426) to the Duostominidae. Salvini-Bonnard, G. 1990. Carbonate buildups and associated He (1984) discovered K. pileiformis in the Middle Triassic facies in the Monte Facito Formation (Southern Apennines). Qingyan Formation and Y angliujing Limestone of southern Bollettino della Societu Geologicu Italiana. 109: 151 - 164. Dager, 2. 1978. Les foraminikres du Trias de la PCninsule de Guizhou, China. All the other citations in our synonymy are Kocaeli-Turquic. Notes du Luhorutoirc Pul~ontologique, Middle Triassic in age and were recorded in the Uniuersiti de GenPue, 3(4): 23-71.

44 Lower and Middle Triassic Foraminifera, Greece

Efimova, N. A. 1974. Triassic foraminifera of the North-West bian Central Range. Geologica Hungarica (Palaeontologica), 50 Caucasus and Cis-Caucasus. Akademii Nauk CCCP, 17: 54-83, 1-331. Farabegoli, E., Pisa, G. & 011, E. 1976. Risultati preliminari Pantic, S. 1965. Pilammina densa, n.gcn., n.sp. and other sull’Anisico della Conca di Agordo e dell’Alta Val di Zoldo Ammodiscidae from the Middle Triassic in Crmnice (Mon- (Dolomiti Sudorientali). Bollettino della Societri Geologica tenegro). Geoloski Vjesnik, 18 (for 1984): 189-193. Italiana, 95: 659-703. Pantic-Prodanovic, S. & Radosevic, B. 1977. Geological section of Gaetani, M. (& Gorza, M. 1989. The Anisian (Middle Triassic), Scythian and Anisian stages in the Jelovica River Valley carbo’nate bank of Camorelli (Lombardy, Southern Alps). Facies, (Southern Serbia). bull&^ Musium d’Histoire Naturelle. 21: 9--13. Beograd, 32: 75-95. Gazdzicki, A. & Smit, 0. E. 1977. Triassic foraminifers from the Pirdeni, A. 1988. The Triassic foraminifera of Albania. Revue de Malay Peninsula. Acta Geologica Polonica, 27: 319-332. Paliobiologie. Volume Speciale 2 (Benthos ‘86): 145- 152. Gazdzicki, A., Trammer, J. & Zawidzka, K. 1975. Foraminifers Premoli Sib, I. 1964. Ciraella iulia n.gen., n.sp. dcl Trias inferiore from the Muschelkalk of Southern Poland. Actu Geologica della Carnia. Rivista Italiana di Palcwntologiue Stratigrafia. 70 Pol~t~ica,25: 285-298. 657-670. Harland, W. B., Armstrong, R. L., Cox, A. W., Craig, L. E., Smith, Premoli Silva, I. 1971. Foraminiferi anisici della regione A. <;. & Smith, D. G. 1990. A geologic time scale 1989. giudicariense (Trcnto). RiuiJta Italianu di Paleontologia e Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 263pp. Stratigrafia, 77: 303-374. He. 19’79. Sketch of the Triassic foraminifera1 biostratigraphy of Ramovs, A. 1972. Mikrofauna der alpine und voralpine Trias northwestern Sichuan (Szechuan), China. Rivista Itciliana di Slowcniens. 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