ARTICLES ON EAST TIMOR MASSACRE FROM PEACENET AND ASSOCIATED NETWORKS

Volume 9: January 25 - February 7, 1992

For more information or additional copies (please enclose US$5. per volume to cover costs): Charles Scheiner, Box 1182, White Plains, NY 10602 USA Tel: 914-428-7299. Fax: 914-428-7383. e-mail IGC:CSCHEINER or [email protected] This material is in approximately chronological order, although articles on the same topic may be grouped together. Reprinting and distribution without permission is welcomed. This material is also available on IBM-compatible diskette, in either WinWord or ASCII format. Much of this material is supplied by Task Force Indonesia or TAPOL.

Table of Contents THE SECRET LIFE OF HENRY KISSINGER (DURING THE INVASION)...... 3 SECRET/SENSITIVE MEM ORANDUM OF CONVERSATION...... 3 A MESSAGE TO ALL EAST TIMOR SOLIDARITY GROUPS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. (XANANA GUSM AO)...... 4 CORRECTION ON DJAELANI ...... 5 UPDATED U.S. STATE DEPARTMENT TRAVEL ADVISORY FOR INDONESIA...... 5 INDONESIA - CAUTION JANUARY 14, 1992...... 5 SENATOR WALLOP REACTS TO INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT REPORT ...... 6 ‘BETRAYAL’ BY THE SOUTH PACIFIC (DAVID ROBIE)...... 6 LETTER FROM EAST TIMOR (PRIVATE EYE) ...... 6 PRIVATE EYE HEARS FROM ARMY FRIEND ...... 6 WHAT YOU DON’T KNOW ABOUT EAST TIMOR (LOREN RYTER) ...... 7 NO MEMBER OF PRAMUKA WAS INVOLVED IN THE DILI INCIDENT (SUARA KARYA) ...... 8 NO PRAMUKAS JOINED 12 NOVEMBER DEMONSTRATION...... 8 COURT ALLOWS CROSSES REMOVAL IN CANBERRA PROTEST (AFP)...... 8 REMOVAL OF EAST TIMORESE CROSSES “DISGRACEFUL” (CIET)...... 8 EAST TIMORESE WILL NOT RECLAIM “DESECRATED” CROSSES ...... 8 PORTUGAL PROPOSES TIMOR TALKS (REUTER) ...... 9 JAKARTA REJECTS PORTUGUESE TALKS...... 9 ALATAS: WE WILL TALK ...... 9 SOARES DENOUNCES INDONESIA ...... 9 SOARES CALLS FOR TALKS...... 9 TIMOR REBEL LEADER CAPTURED (REUTER) ...... 9 TIMOR REBEL CAPTURE DENIED ...... 9 FALANTIL LEADER CAPTURED (TAPOL) ...... 10 DA COSTA CAPTURE A BLOW TO TIMOR RESISTANCE (REUTER) ...... 10 GUERRILLA COMMANDER CAPTURED BY INDONESIAN ARMY (IPS)...... 10 U.N. HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION (UNHCR) TO MEET (REUTER)...... 10 UNHCR POLITICS (AFP) ...... 10 UNHCR CENSURE FOR INDONESIA?...... 10 UN CONDEMNATION THREATENS INDONESIA (NRC HANDELSBALD) ...... 11 CANADA ASIA WORKING GROUP SUBMISSION TO UNHCR...... 11 BACKGROUND TO THE CURRENT HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION ...... 11 ARBITRARY ARREST AND DETENTION, TORTURE AND ILL-TREATMENT...... 11 EXTRA-JUDICIAL EXECUTIONS AND DISAPPEARANCES...... 12 MASSACRES OF CIVILIANS...... 12 RESTRICTIONS ON FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT, SPEECH AND ASSOCIATION...... 13 VIOLATIONS OF RELIGIOUS, CULTURAL AND COLLECTIVE RIGHTS...... 13 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...... 13 NOTES...... 14 TIMOR POLICY BASED ON FALSE PREMISES, SAYS HORTA (GREEN LEFT) ...... 14 EAST TIMORESE FEARFUL (REUTER) ...... 15 ‘STOP DELAYING THE INEVITABLE’ - FRETILIN (GREEN LEFT)...... 15 UK STANDS UP FOR EAST TIMOR (REUTER)...... 16 BELO: SHIP PROJTEST LEADERS HAVE ‘HEADS IN CLOUDS’ (REUTER) ...... 16 MADDENING SILENCE (F.E.E.R.)...... 16 Page 2. East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992.

LISBON BLAMED FOR MUTED EC RESPONSE ON EAST TIMOR...... 16 CANADIAN SOUL- SEARCHING ON TIMOR (ETAN)...... 17 SUMMARY REPORT FROM ETAN/CANADA, JANUARY 28:...... 17 CARRASCALAO BLAMES APODETI (REUTER)...... 17 KOOIJMANS TORTURE REPORT ...... 17 U.N. REPORT TELLS OF TORTURE PRACTICES IN INDONESIA (IPS)...... 17 KOOJIMANS KEPT IN DARK (REUTER)...... 18 NEW WAVE OF TIMORESE ARRESTS (AFP)...... 18 PROPOSAL FOR A CONVENTION ON EAST TIMOR (CDPM)...... 18 1. INTRODUCTION ...... 18 2. OBJECTIVES ...... 18 3. TIMING AND VENUE...... 18 4. PROVISIONAL PROGRAMME...... 18 5. PARTICIPANTS...... 19 CANADA KEEPS ON HEDGING...... 19 TIMOR JOURNALIST FIRED (ETAN/CANADA)...... 19 OZ “FOUR CORNERS” PROGRAMME ON EAST TIMOR INCIDENT ...... 19 CARRASCALAO SURRENDER CALL (UPI)...... 19 XANANA SURRENDER IMMINENT? (AFP)...... 19 FRETILIN DENIES IMMINENT XANANA SURRENDER (REUTER)...... 19 FORMER PORTUGUESE LEADERS APPEAL TO THE U.S. (IPS)...... 20 REPORT FROM EAST TIMOR ACTION NETWORK / U.S...... 20 THREE LETTERS TO EUROPEAN GOVERNMENTS (AGIR POUR TIMOR)...... 22 BISHOP BELO INVOLVED? (EDITOR, TEMPO) ...... 23 TEMPO, 1 FEBRUARY 1992...... 23 WHAT HAPPENED TO GERHAN LANTARA?...... 23 INDONESIA MAY RESUME NETHERLANDS AID TALKS (KYODO)...... 24 UN TO PROBE EAST TIMOR (REUTER) ...... 24 U.N. DECISION TO SEND ENVOY PRAISED BY PORTUGAL AND E.C. (IPS) ...... 25 JAKARTA REFUSES FOREIGN INVESTIGATORS (REUTER) ...... 25 U.N. ENVOY ON EAST TIMOR URGED TO SEEK ANSWERS FROM MILITARY (ASIA WATCH)...... 25 MALAYSIAN GROUPS SUPPORT TIMORESE (GREEN LEFT)...... 25 AUSTRALIAN PARLIAMENT INDONESIA HEARINGS (AFP)...... 26 E.C. BACKS U.N. TIMOR TALKS (AFP)...... 26 EAST TIMOR UPDATE (ACTIVIST)...... 26 GUELPH U. RETHINKS AID ...... 26 MASSACRE SURVIVOR JAILED ...... 26 JOURNALISTS FIRED FOR REPORTING ...... 26 MEDIA WATCH...... 27 ACTION OF THE MONTH-- ...... 27 NO MORE WEAPONS SALES -- CANADIAN ARMS EXPORTS AND HUMAN RIGHTS (ACTIVIST)...... 27 AN OPTIMAL PROPOSAL...... 28 CANDU TECHNOLOGY...... 28 DEFENSE INDUSTRY PRODUCTIVITY PROGRAM ...... 28 BITNET DEBATE ON EAST TIMOR...... 29 FROM: LOREN RYTER, BROWN UNIV...... 29 FROM: COBAN TUN...... 29 FROM: DAVID KOHR, UNIV. OF ILLINOIS...... 30 FROM: JOSEPH STIMPFL...... 30 FROM: INDRA (ORIGINAL POSTER) ...... 30 FROM: COBAN TUN...... 30 FROM: "KEVIN F. GAW"...... 30 FROM: OLIVER KORTENDICK M.A., KÖLN, GERMANY...... 30 FROM: "MICHAEL L. LEHOULLIER"...... 30 FROM: LOREN RYTER ...... 30 FROM: ANTON H GUNAWAN ...... 31 AMNESTY CRITICIZES KPN REPORT (REUTER) ...... 31 AMNESTY REPORT: SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS...... 32 SUMMARY...... 32 THE NATIONAL COMMISSION OF INQUIRY...... 32 OTHER ASPECTS OF THE GOVERNMENT'S RESPONSE...... 32 AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL'S RECOMMENDATIONS...... 32 AMNESTY SHOCKS INDONESIA (REUTER)...... 32 East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992. Page 3.

PROTEST DEMONSTRATION PLANNED AS ALATAS VISITS LONDON (BCET)...... 33 LORD AVEBURY ON AFTERMATH OF MASSACRE (LETTER TO THE TIMES)...... 33 INDONESIA FACES U.K. DISPLEASURE OVER TIMOR (INDEPENDENT)...... 33 LABOUR DEMANDS JAKARTA ARMS BAN (GUARDIAN)...... 34 HURD-ALATAS MEETING IN LONDON (AFP)...... 34 HURD URGES JUSTICE FOR MASSACRE (REUTER) ...... 34 ALATAS PLEDGES ACTION AGAINST THOSE RESPONSIBLE (AFP) ...... 34 KAUFMAN WARNS ALATAS ON HUMAN RIGHTS (LABOUR PARTY)...... 34 HURD RESISTS JAKARTA LINE OVER KILLINGS (GUARDIAN) ...... 35 BRITAIN CONTINUES ARMS SALES AND AID TO INDONESIA (INDEPENDENT)...... 35 UK SEEKS ACTION ON TIMOR DEATHS (TIMES)...... 35 JOURNALISTS EXCLUDED FROM ALATAS PRESS CONFERENCE (TAPOL)...... 35 DR CAREY QUESTIONS U.K. ARMS SALES (LETTER TO THE GUARDIAN)...... 36 ARMS TIE...... 36 STUDENT KILLED IN DILI BRAWL (AFP)...... 36 INDONESIA TO PROMOTE TOURISM IN LOS ANGELES...... 36 CHINA WAFFLES ON TIMOR (IPS) ...... 36 INDONESIA & GATT (UPI) ...... 36 E.C. SAYS INDONESIAN INVESTIGATION OF EAST TIMOR MASSACRE INSUFFICIENT (AGENCE EUROPE) ...... 37 E.C. OFFICIAL PRESSES ALATAS (AFP)...... 37 SUHARTO PROMISES TRIALS (AFP)...... 37 EAST TIMORESE IN JAKARTA CHARGED WITH SUBVERSION (ACFOA)...... 37 UPDATE...... 37 REQUESTS...... 38 As Kissinger met with his colleagues in apoplectic when he learns that actually THE SECRET LIFE OF December 1975, however, this independence "there are two cables! And this means that HENRY KISSINGER (DURING still seemed a long and bloody war off.... twenty guys have seen it." This naturally THE INVASION) Both [Angola and East Timor] shared the raises the odds that a reporter will even- common cold war misfortune of being tually get wind of it. The Nation, 29 Oct 1990. By Mark regarded as pawns in a global chess game. In Near the end of the meeting, Kissinger Hertsgaard, Excerpts July 1975 Kissinger had obtained President decides to finesse the legal problem by Ford's approval for a covert military telling Congress that aid will be cut off Comment: This article, although old, is program designed to install a pro-U.S. "while we are studying the issue." But the included here to recall the depth of US government in Angola. And in August, he aid will secretly "start again in January." complicity in Indonesia's 1975 invasion of had signaled Jakarta that the United States And so it came to pass.... East TImor. would not object if the Indonesians invaded SECRET/SENSITIVE MEMORANDUM Brief Remark: Mark Hertsgaard is the East Timor, which by then was controlled author of On Bended Knee: The Press and by the leftist Fretilin movement. OF CONVERSATION the Reagan Presidency. He is the media The Indonesians invaded on December 7, [Meeting participants named] critic for Rolling Stone and National Public one day after Ford and Kissinger left Jakarta.... The Indonesians did comply with Date: December 18, 1975 Radio and is a frequent contributor to The Subject: Department Policy New Yorker. The Nation (New York) is a an American request to delay their attack leading American liberal weekly magazine. until Air Force One was well clear of The Secretary [hereafter K]: I want to raise This article has now been reprinted in full in Jakarta, but they alarmed State Department a little bit of hell about the Deaprtment's New Statesman and Society (London) of 2 officials by making extensive use of U.S.- conduct in my absence. Until last week I November 1990. The excerpts below com- supplied military equipment. This violated thought we had a disciplined group; now prise only those parts of the article dealing American law, which mandated that such we've gone to pieces completely. Take with Indonesia/East Timor. equipment be employed only in self- this cable on (East) Timor. You know my defense, and triggered one of the attitude and anyone who knows my ... Kissinger's obsession with keeping controversies detailed in the minutes printed position as you do must know that I everyone -- the citizenry, the Congress, below. would not have approved it. The only even his own Administration colleagues -- in Kissinger was upset with his subordi- consequence is to put yourself on record. the dark about his actions is displayed in all nates on two counts: first, with their con- It is a disgrace to the Secretary of State its banal iniquity in the State Department clusion that the Indonesians had broken the this way.... What possible explanation is document printed on page 492. So are his law (and thereby made suspension of addi- there for it? I had told you to stop it casual disdain for law and constitutional tional aid politically necessary on Capitol quietly. What is your place doing, Phil, procedure, his disregard for the human Hill); second, and most important, that they to let this happen? It is incom- consequence of his policies, his bizarre had dared notify Kissinger of this in a cable prehensible. It is wrong in substance and personal paranoia and his petulant sense of sent before his return to Washington. in procedure. It is a disgrace. Were you self-importance.... Kissinger's great fear, of course, is that here? The two hot spots most vexing to the American public might eventually dis- Assistant Secretary Philip Habib [H]: No.... Kissinger at the moment were East Timor cover the truth about his policy on East and Angola. Both were former Portuguese Our assessment was that if it was going Timor. He wants "to stop it (the aid) qui- to be trouble, it would come up before colonies; both had been promised inde- etly," and dismisses Assistant Secretary pendence by the democratic government your return. And I was told they decided Philip Habib's assurance that the cable "will it was desirable to go ahead with the that had taken over following the overthrow not leak." Kissinger becomes nearly of Lisbon's right-wing dictatorship in 1974. cable. Page 4. East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992.

K: Nonsense. I said do it for a few weeks K: It cannot be that our agreement with L: There's only one question. What do we and then open up again. Indonesia says that the arms are for in- say to Congress if we're asked? H: The cable will not leak. ternal purposes only. I think you will K: We cut it off while we are studying it. K: Yes it will and it will go to Congress and find that it says that they are legitimately We intend to start again in January. then we will have hearings on it. used for self-defense. There are two problems. The merits of the case which H: I was away. I was told by cable that it you have a duty to raise with me. The A MESSAGE TO ALL EAS T had come up. second is how to put these to me. But to TIMOR SOLIDARITY GROUPS K: That means there are two cables! And put it in a cable 30 hours before I return, THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. that means twenty guys have seen it. knowing how cables are handled in this (XANANA GUSMAO) H: No, I got it back channel -- it was just building, guarantees that it will be a one paragraph double talk and cryptic so national diaster and that transcends From Xanana Gusmao November 24, 1991 whatever (Deputy Legal Adviser George) I knew what it was talking about. I was Warm greetings friends and companions told that Leigh thought that there was a Aldrich has in his feverish mind.... How will the situation get better in six weeks? in struggle. I am speaking to you from the legal requirement to do it. mountains of East Timor. We are between Monroe Leigh, Legal Advisor [L]: No, I said H: They may get it cleaned up by then. marches and combats and in our backpacks it could be done administratively. It was K: The Department is falling apart and has we carry the information that we receive on not in our interest to do it on legal reached the point where it disobeys clear- the situation of generalised terror under grounds. cut orders. which the Maubere people are living. Under Secretary for Political Affairs Joseph H: We sent the cable because we thought it If the 12 November massacre had hap- Sisco [S]: We were told that you had was needed and we thought it needed pened two years earlier then it would have decided we had to stop. your attention. This was ten days ago. gone by unnoticed by the world. The mas- K: Just a minute, just a minute. You all K: Nonsense. When did I get the cable, sacre would not have had such wide reper- know my view on this. You must have an Jerry? cussions if it had not been for the video that FSO-8 (Foreign Service officer, class 8) the British journalist managed to get out of Jerry Bremer, Notetaker [B]: Not before the East Timor. We are aware that a lot of who knows it well. It will have a weekend. I think perhaps on Sunday. devastating impact on Indonesia. There's governments only took a definite stand after this masochism in the extreme there. No K: You had to know what my view on this they had heard about the film. In this way one has complained that it was was. No one who has worked with me in the film became the catalyst for international aggression. the last two years could not know what reaction, which was initially sceptical, as would be my view on Timor. L: The Indonesians were violating an has become the custom in politics. agreement with us. H: Well, let us look at it -- talk to Leigh. There have been cases, as in Australia, There are still some legal requirements. I where at every increasingly obvious vio- K: The Israelis when they go into Lebanon - can't understand why it went out if it lation of human rights in East Timor, - when was the last time we protested was not legally required. Australia would send its ambassador, Philip that? K: Am I wrong in assuming that the Flood, to talk to the puppet governor and to L: That's a different situation. Indonesians will go up in smoke if they the military authorities and he would return Under Secretary Carlyle Maw [M]: It is hear about this? saying that he had seen no evidence of any self-defense. H: Well, it's better than a cutoff. It could be violations. If this time Gareth Evans had K: And we can't construe a Communist done at a low level. been in Canberra he would have sent his ambassador for more lunches with government in the middle of Indonesia as K: We have four weeks before Congress self-defense? Carrascalao and would have shaken hands comes back. That's plenty of time. with the murderer Warouw and would have L: Well... L: The way to handle the administrative stated that the most recent grave in the K: Then you're saying that arms can't be cutoff would be that we are studying the Santa Clara cemetery was that of Sebastiao used for defense. situation. Rangel, there being no evidence of any H: No, they can be used for the defense of K: And 36 hours was going to be a major massacre. Indonesia. problem? We were deeply touched by the com- [Discussion of Angola here] L: We had a meeting in Sisco's office and passion of the Pope, John Paul or John decided to send the message. Peter. It must have been a difficult decision K: On the Timor thing, that will leak in because we always believed that the Holy three months and it will come out that K: I know what the law is but how can it be See did not involve itself in politics and Kissinger overruled his pristine bureau- in the U.S. natonal interest for us to give much less did it interfere in the internal crats and violated the law. How many up on Angola and kick the Indonesians in affairs of countries, especially in the case of people in L (the legal adviser's office) the teeth.... You have an obligation to the Indonesia, the most important Moslem know about this? national interest. I don't care if we sell country in the world. We truly believe that L: Three. equipment to Indonesia or not. I get he was morally (but what morality) obliged H: There are at least three in my office. nothing from it. I get no rakeoff. But you by the film's evidence. have an obligation to figure out how to K: Plus everybody in this meeting so you're The position taken by Holland, a tireless serve your country. The Foreign Service defender of the annexation of East Timor as talking about not less than 15 or 20. You is not to serve itself. The Service stands have a responsibility to recognize that we a historically consistent continuation of the for service to the United States and not process of annexation of Western Papua, are living in a revolutionary situation. service to the Foreign Service. Everything on paper will be used against was unanticipated and admirable. We also me. H: I understand that that's what this cable believe that the images of the film had an would do. H: We do that and take account of that all effect here. the time. K: The minute you put this thing into the In this way, friends and comrades, this system you cannot resolve it without a film is our weapon; ours and yours, but [Discussion on Angola] finding. mainly yours, for your work of raising the East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992. Page 5. awareness of people and governments in the statements by Try Sutrisno's which mation for 1955 and 1956 refers to the late countries where your solidarity groups are Australia found so repugnant; or indeed the Major Djaelani. This was a bad slip-up be- based. declarations by Warouw, who only allowed cause at least part of the case against the We call for a concerted action in the the International Red Cross to visit the KPN team in the Australian press and in different countries on December 7 with the wounded and the detained on condition that Tapol's preliminary analysis (1 December showing of this film and holding of semi- they did not speak to the victims. These 91) rested on the assertion that Djaelani's nars. We propose that all East Timor soli- facts are enough for us to firmly believe that commando background rendered him es- darity groups set up small groups that go to this investigation team was hurriedly put pecially unfit to investigate the behaviour of other countries where solidarity groups with together at Suharto's behest, so as not to the military in East Timor, where the East Timor have not yet been set up, create obstacles to his planned RPKAD (later Kopassandha, then providing the opportunity for awareness peregrinations overseas and that this in- Kopassus) has such a vicious track record. raising and interest in the problem and vestigation team will serve to draw a veil of The rest of the information in my item is creating the conditions for the setting up of innocence over the eyes of the various to the best of my knowledge correct, except groups in these countries. We are fully governments closely associated with the that Djaelani graduated from the Akademi aware of the whole range of difficulties, Jakarta regime, who have unfortunately been Hukum Militer (Military Law Academy) especially financial difficulties, in the troubled by the massacre. not in the early 1960s but in 1970. running of your and our projects, but even This I believe, dear friends and comrades, Apologies to all concerned. so we dare to ask you for special attention is the response, in terms both general and David Bourchier, Melbourne (peg:dbourc) this coming 7 December. We propose the down to earth, to the demands of your part following themes as general lines of action: in the struggle, and thus we can all achieve UPDATED U.S. STATE 1) The setting up of a UN, or other inter- the optimum results from our efforts. DEPARTMENT TRAVEL national body, investigation team to I take advantage of this opportunity to verify the facts of 12 November. express to you our total and sincere appre- ADVISORY FOR INDONESIA 2) Putting pressure on governments so that ciation for your unstinted and unselfish they reconsider their complacent policies solidarity work for the just cause of freedom INDONESIA - CAUTION January 14, in relation to Indonesia and that they for our people. Your work and dedication to 1992 support Portugal's position. The the people of East Timor, has been for us a difference in criteria adopted for the moral incentive, and has enabled us to Summary: The Department of State ad- violation of Human Rights is notorious; believe in the solidarity of peoples involved vises U.S. citizens to exercise caution when when a journalist is detained in China the in the common struggle for freedom, peace, traveling to Aceh, Irian-Jaya, and East United States protests vociferously; a justice, and progress. We especially hope Timor provinces. None of these areas are house arrest in Rangoon is enough to for the continuing and renewed effort from usual tourist destinations and all are far provoke the western powers to a storm those solidarity organisations in the member removed from the major Indonesian tourist of protest; all the world threatens after an states of the EC , in the United States, in attractions. End summary. act of repression in Kenya; and Canada, Australia and Japan so that the Aceh Province: Located at the extreme meanwhile they continue to affirm their intentions which have already been northern tip of the island of Sumatra, Aceh total respect for the cultural difference announced at governmental, political, party has been the site of limited civil unrest between Indonesia and the western world and parliamentary levels are not forgotten. which has led to isolated violence. Neither and manage to justify the crimes The Maubere people, dearest friends and private Americans nor foreign businesses committed by Indonesia as mere ques- comrades, after 16 years of a difficult war in were targeted for violence or involved in any tions of national interest. difficult conditions, can only ask you, incidents in Aceh. The Indonesian government has lifted local curfews and 3) Putting pressure on respective govern- friends and comrades, that you speak for them. travel restrictions. Nevertheless, visitors are ments to maintain or to apply cuts in advised to exercise caution when traveling in economic aid to Indonesia as long as it To all of you, friends and comrades a warm embrace from all the fighters of Aceh, particularly at night or in rural areas. refuses to allow a UN or international Irian-Jaya Province: This is the western inquiry team to visit East Timor. The FALINTIL and from all our people, and a special greeting from the National Council of half of the island of New Guinea, and the arrogance of Jakarta merely comes from easternmost province of Indonesia. the commercial relations it has with Maubere Resistance. Honour and glory to the martyrs of the Foreigners wishing to visit Irian-Jaya must Australia, Japan, Great Britain, France, be in possession of a travel letter (Surat Spain, Holland, Germany, etc...The Maubere fatherland! Viva the people of East Timor! Viva international solidarity! Keterangan Jalan) issued by competent positions taken by Canada and Holland Indonesian police authorities. U.S. citizens should be widely congratulated and held Fatherland or death! The struggle continues on all fronts! Resistance is victory! arriving in Biak, an international port of up as an example to be followed entry, can obtain Surat Jalans (the travel The investigation team nominated by General-headquarters of the National letters), from the police after arrival. Jakarta does not deserve the slightest Council of Maubere Resistance the moun- Foreigners inquiring from abroad, or in credibility. Everything points to the fact tains of East Timor, 24 November 1991. Jakarta, can address inquiries to the police that this team will merely add its signatures Kay Rala Xanana Gusmao Commandant of directorate for foreigner's affairs (DITPOA), to the report already prepared by the FALINTIL. Mabes Polri, Jalan Trunojoyo 3, Jakarta military. This report is the result of inquir- Selatan. In addition, some areas, including ies carried out under torture, coercion and CORRECTION ON DJAELANI the border area with Papua New Guinea, are promises of release, of treatment of the restricted by the government of Indonesia. wounded and of offers of food etc... On 20 November 1991 I posted an item All government restrictions, and especially Inquiries with a view to denouncing those in (now archived) which included some biodata border restrictions, should be carefully charge of the clandestine organisation for on the Chairperson of the National followed. In 1990, several foreigners, future detention. It is enough, surely, that Committee of Inquiry (KPN), Maj. Gen. including one American, were kidnapped by one of the members of the team has already Djaelani. I have since discovered that in- OPM guerrillas on the Papua New Guinea accused Portugal of being behind the 12 formation in that item confused Djaelani the side of the border. These guerrillas, although November massacre. Likewise enough, those military lawyer with Djaelani the army commando, who is now dead. The infor- Page 6. East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992. small in number, are active on both sides of than finding the truth will be able to conduct Pang was snubbed by the New Zealand the border. its own investigation. In addition, I remain government. Both Foreign Affairs East Timor: This province, located 300 very concerned about reports of ongoing [Minister] Don McKinnon and Defence miles north of Australia, has experienced human rights abuses in East Timor." Minister Warren Cooper refused to see him. periodic unrest since 1975. In November Wallop initiated a November 25 letter to The snub stirred bitter criticism by hu- 1991, a number of demonstrators were killed President Bush that was signed by 52 US man rights and pro-Timorese groups at when Indonesian security units reacted Senators. The lawmakers outlined their protest rallies marking the 16th anniversary forcibly to a political demonstration; two concerns and advocated a stronger and more of the Indonesian invasion of East Timor on U.S. journalists at that demonstration were effective US role in the region. December 7, 1975. A 20-year old New injured. Americans have not been the target Zealand student, Ahmed Bamadhaj, was of any violence, but U.S. citizens traveling ‘BETRAYAL’ BY THE SOUTH among the victims killed by Indonesian in East Timor should be aware of the PACIFIC (DAVID ROBIE) soldiers during the Dili massacre on potential for civil disturbances. November 12. While the official Indonesian U.S. citizen travelers to Aceh, Irian-Jaya, By David Robie, Pacific Islands Monthly death toll for the massacre is 19, and East Timor are advised to contact the (Fiji), Jan. 1992. international human rights groups and U.S. Embassy in Jakarta, at Medan eyewitnesses place the number closer to Merdeka Selatan 5, Telephone 360-360, Comment: this article follows two from the 100. Extension 2050, to register their presence United Nations, "East Timor back on the Pang accused New Zealand of being the and receive current travel information. floor" which focuses on international re- only country in the Western alliance that Alternatively, those traveling to Aceh may sponse to the Santa Cruz massacre and the appeared to be condoning the massacre. He contact the U.S. Consulate General in Timor gap treaty, noting Australia is on the called on Pacific nations to support an in- Medan, at Jalan Imam Bonjol 13, Telephone verge of gaining "most sued nation" status dependent inquiry involving thew United 322-200. at the World Court, and a backgrounder Nations and to pressure the Indonesians to No. 92-005 entitled "From Portuguese pan to begin a dialogue with the Timorese towards This replaces the advisory dated March Indonesian fire." The magazine notes that self-determination. 13, 1991, and is issued to reflect the po- Vanuatu's Hilda Lini, a cabinet minister in He said most Pacific countries -- with the tential for civil unrest in East Timor and the the new conservative- dominated govern- important exceptions of the Solomon improved security situation in Aceh ment, continues to speak out for East Timor. Islands and Vanuatu -- had been too influ- province. An East Timorese human rights cam- enced by Australia and New Zealand over paigner who toured New Zealand last month Indonesian colonialism in the region. SENATOR WALLOP REACTS seeking tougher government action over the [The article continues, outlining the KPN TO INDONESIAN Dili massacre in November believes South inquiry, human rights violations and deaths Pacific countries have failed to heed the since 1975, comparisons with Kuwait, the GOVERNMENT REPORT plight of Melanesians in the Indonesian massacre of journalists -- including one New colony. Zealander -- at Balibo in October 1975, and News Release. Date: 16 January 1992. Fransisco Pang, Melbourne-based repre- the circumstances around Bamdhaj's death] The following is a statement from US sentative of the Fretilin resistance move- Senator Malcolm Wallop (R-WY) pertaining ment, singles out the Papua New Guinea LETTER FROM EAST TIMOR to Indonesia's National Commission report government's attitude as particularly de- (PRIVATE EYE) on recent violence in East Timor. plorable: "PNG is betraying the East Timorese people by not coming out with a "Initially I have to say I am heartened Private Eye hears from army friend that the Government of Indonesia has cho- strong condemnation and demand for an sen to respond to international criticism of independent inquiry. They regard our plight Private Eye. Date: 17 January 1992. Byline: the November 12, 1991 incident in such a as an 'internal problem' for the Indonesian to From 'our own correspondent'. [Written by public fashion. This is the first occasion on deal with." someone who seems to know a thing or which they have responded to charges of He appealed for a more supportive two.] [Private Eye is Britain's leading human rights abuses by the army with a stance by Pacific nations. "Our Melanesian satirical weekly] government investigation and that is a step brothers in the Papua New Guinea gov- It just isn't fair. We soldiers obey orders - in the right direction. ernment should support us in our struggle," - the other day we shot about 152 Timorese I am concerned, however, that the con- he told Pacific Islands Monthly. and a New Zealander at the Santa Cruz clusions of the report seem to conflict with "Democratic countries such as PNG, cemetery here in Dili for the greater good of the events that followed the Commission's Australia and New Zealand should play a Indonesia - - and then we get the blame. release of the report. For example, the re- more constructive role in pushing for our Indeed, we are more than a little choked palcement of Generals Warouw and right to self-determination -- not only for at our brave President Soeharto's sacking of Panjaitan is strange when the report em- the East Timorese people but also the in- our generals Rudy Warouw and Sintong phasizes that the organised security forces digenous people of West Papua, South Panjaitan just because of the fuss over a lot were acting "without command" and claims Moluccas and Kanaky. of dead Timorese. After all, most of them that the killings were not ordered and did "Human dignity is freedom. It is the same were Christians and Rudy and Sintong are not reflect the policy of the government or principle that Pacific governments upheld to very good generals. the armed forces. In other words, if those defend Kuwait and peace in Cambodia yet As that slippery civilian Governor generals were not responsible, why were they ignore the plight of the indigenous Carrascalao was asked the other day, is they let go? people on their own doorstep who are Indonesia the biggest Muslim state in the Finally I would stress that it is not al- seeking self-determination. For us this is a world, or is it? Did Soeharto annex East ways possible for a commission -- ap- double standard." Timor to the world's biggest Muslim state in pointed by a government which has been the In spite of the Timorese resistance 1976, or did he? Can we beat the backsides focus of so much criticism -- to conduct a groups gaining a "historic" (10- minute) off the Catholics here in Tim Tim, or can wholly objective analysis. For this reason I meeting with Australian Prime Minister Bob we? would hope that an experienced Hawke and a two-hour session with Foreign If Soeharto won't let us who are stationed international team with no objective other Minister Senator Gareth Evans last month, in this Allah- forsaken hellhole sort out East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992. Page 7. these snivelling Christians and their Falintil WHAT YOU DON’T KNOW intimidating the East Timorese into guerrillas, then the old fool ought to move submission and silence in the presence of a out in favour of someone with more guts. ABOUT EAST TIMOR planned Portuguese Parliamentary mission After all, it is not as though the Soeharto (LOREN RYTER) which was to investigate the human rights family hasn't made enough money for him to situation in East Timor. Soldiers had gone retire quite comfortably. by Loren Ryter (January 17, 1992) door to door warning people that if anyone It's the same story in Aceh in Sumatra Here is a 1,000 word article appropriate for dared to speak to the Portuguese, the army and in Irian Jaya; the army is being forced to newspapers or even letters to the editor. If would execute every member of their go softly-softly. All the boys in Battalion anyone wishes to submit it to a local paper, families to the seventh generation. When the 700 believe the army should be able to please feel free to do so. I'd appreciate a Portuguese were forced to suspend the annihilate anyone who can't show he is 101 notification. It repeats the basic scenario and mission due to various last minute per cent Indonesian and who doesn't realise discusses briefly the Indonesian National Indonesian stipulations, the hopes of the -- and no messing -- that what we Javanese Commission's report. East Timorese people to prove to the world say in Indonesia goes. Now that our foreign their desire to be freed of the brutal minister Ali Alatas has lost his chance to be Perhaps I shouldn't be too critical about Indonesian occupation were shattered. head of the United Nations I don't see why what George Bush didn't say about East Frustrated at having no outlet for their we've got to go on pretending to the world Timor on his recent trip to Asia. After his dissent, the East Timorese used the occasion that we're boys scouts. graceless gesture in Japan, he might be of a funeral procession for two youths slain The commander-in-chief got it right: Try advised to keep his mouth closed as tightly in a church by Indonesian plainclothes Soetrisno said to the Lemhanas people a few as possible. Still, even if he had whisked policemen to unfurl the protest banners days after the Santa Cruz affair: "These through Asia healthfully and happily, they had been painstakingly making by delinquents have to be shot." We shot them creating American jobs and military bases candlelight over the previous weeks. Over for Indonesia's sake and now Rudy and wherever he went, he certainly would not three thousand people were moving toward Sintong get the heave-ho! It's enough to have bothered to comment on the cold- the Santa Cruz cemetery, waving these make you cry into your nasi goreng. blooded massacre of over a hundred East banners of independence, when hundreds of News is not good from Canberra either. Timorese by Indonesian troops last Indonesian troops marched in formation An Aussie colonel I met in Jakarta a fort- November, or on the tortures and further from army trucks toward them, raised their night ago said part of the reason Prime killings which continued while he was American M-16 Automatic rifles, and Minister Hawke got the push was that the touring the region. To comment on the opened fire directly into the crowd without Aussies didn't like the way he supported us grotesque affair would open up a whole can so much as a warning shot. They continued over Tim Tim. Our other Aussie friend, of embarrassing worms. to fire for between five and ten minutes, Gareth Evans, who did so well for us at the It is an embarrassment that the Bush picking off survivors or beating them to Foreign Ministry is also up the creek with- administration's reaction to a massacre death with their rifle butts. out a paddle. which in terms of relative population was One person who had his skull fractured But we're all glad the kit you Brits sold easily fifty times as severe as the 1989 by an M-16, but survived was Allan Nairn us is very good indeed for zapping the democracy crackdown in Tiananmen Square, of the New Yorker. He was one of several Timorese and you're training our people has been characterized not by cries of foreign journalists who witnessed this latest very well. My young chum Hardiwan, who indignation but rather by nervous silence. In massacre and managed to escape to tell used to be stationed in Surabaya -- he's a the wake of the Gulf War, it is particularly about it. I say "latest" because East major now -- is delighted to be studying embarrassing that the US has never once Timorese spokesmen say that the only thing how to kill Falintil more efficiently at some condemned the "naked aggression" of that differentiated this massacre from other military college of yours in Shrivenham. Indonesia in the sixteen years since it massacres in East Timor was the presence Though he's a Catholic, he's a good man. He invaded and annexed its tiny neighbor, of foreign journalists. The few lines of was learning English at some place called proclaiming East Timor the 27th Province of communication that remain open to East Silsoe with young Bambang from Bogor, Indonesia, just as the villain Saddam Timor report that witnesses to the massacre who's also just started at Shrivenham. Hussein had proclaimed Kuwait the 19th have been rounded up by Indonesian Meanwhile we're all somewhat opposed Province of Iraq. soldiers, driven out to mass graves, stripped to the two new so-called generals replacing Since the Indonesian annexation of East naked, and executed. Others have been Rudy and Sintong. Mantiri is a paper- Timor, over 200,000 people, or one-third of arrested and may stand trial for subversion, pusher from HQ in Jakarta and Syafei an the pre-invasion population, have died by which carries the death penalty. unknown from the wrong end of Sumatra. execution or famine resulting from the Despite the eyewitness reports of foreign And they're both Christians! If they were willful destruction of crops and the with- observers and even the availability of a real men and soldiers, they'd have told holding of food used as a tactic to starve out video tape smuggled out of the country by a Suharto to stuff the jobs. the resistance. The Indonesians believed that British cameraman, the US State such intense military pressure, applied with Department saw it fit to wait for the results the help of American made and supplied of Indonesia's own National Investigation military hardware, would crush the East Commission to report its findings before Timorese resistance once and for all. making a comment on the incident. After the Instead, as demonstrated by the tenacious report was finally released on Christmas persistence of the East Timorese in defying Day, State Department spokesman Joseph Indonesian authority and proclaiming their Snyder said only that "we believe the solemn desire for self-determination and commission has take a serious and independence at the risk of death, the responsible approach" and that "we resistance movement is clearly as strong as consider it crucial to see how the Indonesian ever. legal system will deal with those members The massacre of November 12th can be of the security forces who used or condoned seen as an Indonesian reaction to brazen excessive force." defiance. For nearly a year, the Indonesian The Commission's report concluded that army had been pursuing a campaign aimed at the "incident" occurred as a "spontaneous Page 8. East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992. reaction by soldiers not under command strengthen their understanding of Indonesian than a quarter of the entire population of control" to the "wild and unruly" behavior nationalism, but this is difficult to do in East Timor has died at the hands of the of the youth in the crowd. It placed the practice because so many of the parents Indonesian military, one would think that blame for the incident on the crowd itself, cannot speak Indonesian. Mr Keating and Senator Evans would finally which had been incited by the remnants of There are now more than 100,000 say 'enough is enough' and give notice to the the "gang of security disrupters" [the resis- Pramuka members in East Timor, said Indonesian government that Australia would tance]. The report also claimed that the Mashudi. He said that Pramuka membership reverse its de jure recognition of the foreigners actively participated. It refuted in East Timor had expanded rapidly, more Indonesian occupation and instead support testimony that the victim's bodies had been so than elsewhere. "In other provinces, a UN sponsored referendum for the people buried in mass graves by exhuming a single Pramuka membership accounts for about 10 of East Timor." corpse which was buried in a coffin and per cent of the population. In East Timor, it Dr Wagner also said that according to the offering it as evidence to the contrary. So is more than that." latest list of victims of the Dili Massacre, far, the only action which has been taken 183 people were killed at Santa Cruz against those involved was the replacement COURT ALLOWS CROSSES cemetery itself and a further 57 people who of two regional commanders. This is no REMOVAL IN CANBERRA had been wounded but had been able to consolation, and may even be worse. Brig. escape were found and killed by Indonesian Gen. Theo Syafei, who replaced Brig. Gen. PROTEST (AFP) forces in the days immediately following the Rudolf Warouw as East Timor Operational massacre. Another 123 people were listed as Commander, was quoted as saying "I'm not Excerpt from AFP, Melbourne, Jan 24 - wounded during the Massacre. as patient as Warouw." If the hasty slaying The Federal Court cleared the way Friday The report which was received from re- of nearly two hundred civilians at a funeral for the removal of 124 blood-stained crosses liable sources in East Timor lists the names, procession is patience, we can only fear placed outside the Indonesian Embassy in ages and residences of 59 young people who what will happen when Sy afei loses his Canberra as a memorial to victims of the were killed in the Massacre and of whom 57 temper. November 12 massacre in East Timor. are aged between 15 and 26 years. However The Indonesians have thus far been able An injunction preventing police acting on it also contains the names of Francisco to consolidate their version of events an order by Foreign Minister Gareth Evans Vilanova, aged 2, and Antonio Viegas, aged beautifully. The journalists who survived to remove the crosses was lifted by Judge 8. Among the 59 named victims are 5 the massacre have been pushing to make the Donnell Ryan here. women, aged between 17 and 23 cof whom facts of the latest massacre in East Timor He ruled that protesters would not be three were also violated by their killers. known to the world and their testimony inconvenienced if the crosses were moved Dr Wagner said that the efforts of human proves that the Commission's report is from in front of the embassy to public land rights organisations in Australia and nothing more than a shameless whitewash, on the other side of the road. worldwide were now concentrating on the whose only chance for popular acceptance East Timorese protesters had gone to fate of those East Timorese arrested by the is popular ignorance. In the "New World court seeking to extend the injunction Indonesian military in the aftermath of the Order" where our country claims to stand granted January 17. Massacre. Two East Timorese have report- up to dictators and murderous regimes out The government told the court Australia edly been sentenced to seven years and one of principle, someone should tell George was obliged by international treaty to re- to nine years imprisonment for "spying" in Bush to wipe the egg off his face. move the crosses because they impaired the Dili while 21 East Timorese are facing dignity of the embassy. charges of "showing feelings of hostility, NO MEMBER OF PRAMUKA REMOVAL OF EAST TIMORESE hatred or contempt towards the Indonesian WAS INVOLVED IN THE DILI CROSSES “DISGRACEFUL” (CIET) government" after a demonstration in Jakarta and a further 4 East Timorese are INCIDENT (SUARA KARYA) MEDIA RELEASE, 26 January 1992 from facing unknown charges after having been ar- the AUSTRALIAN COALITION FOR EAST rested in Bali. No Pramukas joined 12 November dem- TIMOR, CIETACT, Canberra. Further information: Dr Michael Wagner onstration The wooden crosses planted by the East (CIET-ACT), 06-2477962 Timorese community in front of the EAST TIMORESE WILL NOT Suara Karya. Date: 20 January 1992. Indonesian embassy in Canberra were re- Dateline: Jakarta. News story, summarised. moved by Australian Federal Police early RECLAIM “DESECRATED” CROSSES Comment: So the names of the dead victims this morning. The crosses which were The East Timorese community in are known! erected in commemoration of the victims of Australia will not reclaim 124 wooden Mashudi, the chief of the Headquarters the Dili Massacre were removed on orders crosses which were removed from near the of the National Pramuka Movement of Foreign Minister Evans after Indonesian Indonesian embassy by federal police. [Indonesia's scout organisation] said that not complaints that the "dignity of the embassy In a meeting in Sydney last night the East a single member of Pramuka in East Timor was impaired" by the crosses. Timorese expressed their anger at the police was involved in the 12 November incident in A spokesman for the Australian action and condemned the government for Dili. Coalition for East Timor in Canberra, Dr its "complicity" with the Suharto regime. "This conclusion is based on the names Michael Wagner, said today that the gov- A spokeswoman for the East Timorese, of the victims who died and on the names of ernment action to remove the crosses was Ms Ines Almeida, said: "The crosses have those who have been detained by the se- contemptible: "At a time when there is been desecrated by the police and we will curity authorities," said Mashudi, after worldwide condemnation of the Dili therefore not touch them again." meeting President Suharto. Massacre and when international efforts to The crosses were erected outside the He said that following the 12 November achieve a solution of the East Timor prob- Indonesian embassy in Canberra by relatives incident, guidance for Pramuka members lem under the auspices of the UN are gaining and friends of the victims of the Dili would be intensified, making use of per- momentum, the Australian government has Massacre in November. They were removed sonnel in East Timor itself. By giving committed yet another disgraceful act of by police on Sunday after Foreign Minister training to Pramuka members, it is hoped to complicity with the Suharto regime. Evans decreed that they "impaired the target the parents of Pramuka members, to "After 16 years of Indonesian military dignity" of the embassy. occupation of East Timor and after more East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992. Page 9.

The government action is still subject to a carry on his predecessor's initiative to ar- TIMOR REBEL LEADER ruling by the federal court. range a U.N.-led Indonesia and Portugal (REUTER) Further information: Ines Almeida, 02- meeting". CAPTURED 8234109 Portuguese Foreign Minister Joao de Deus Pinheiro is reported to have given a Excerpt from Reuter, Dili, East Timor, Dr Michael Wagner (CIET-ACT), 06- proposal to U.N. Secretary General Boutros Jan 27 - The Indonesian army has captured 2477962 Boutros-Ghali calling for U.N.-led talks on a leader of the guerrillas fighting Jakarta's East Timor without prior conditions and rule over East Timor and says he has named PORTUGAL PROPOSES with the participation of representatives of dozens of accomplices while under TIMOR TALKS (REUTER) East Timor. interrogation. "But what representative of East Timor East Timor's new military commander, Excerpt from Reuter, Lisbon, Jan 24 - is that? ... The majority of East Timorese Brigadier-General Theo Syafei, said Jose Da Portuguese Foreign Minister Joao de Deus have been on our side. They have, too, taken Costa was caught on Thursday during a raid Pinheiro said on Friday he had proposed parts in a number of U.N. meetings and at Bairo Pite near East Timor's capital Dili. direct talks with Indonesia on the situation other meetings," Alatas said. Syafei said Da Costa, believed to be in East Timor during talks with U.N. Asked if Portugal was referring to the deputy chief of the Fretilin movement, had Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali in banned East Timorese independence group during interrogation named those who had New York. Fretilin, the foreign minister replied: "Let me helped him. Deus Pinheiro told Portuguese state ask a question. Who, except for their own "He mentioned about 40 names, including television after the meeting that Boutros- group, do they represent?" those in goverment," the national news Ghali had been receptive to the idea of direct agency Antara on Monday quoted the gen- talks under the auspices of the United Soares Denounces Indonesia eral as telling local reporters. Nations. Excerpt from Reuter, New Delhi, Jan 27 - The arrest, announced on television on But Deus Pinheiro said dialogue would Portuguese President Mario Soares de- Sunday night, is a success for Syafei after have to include the people of East Timor, scribed Indonesia on Monday as a brutal less than a month in the job. which was invaded and annexed by country and rejected its version of an army Indonesian officials say there are no more Indonesia in 1975 after more than three massacre in East Timor. than about 100 guerrillas compared to at centuries of Portuguese rule. "Everyone knows Indonesia is a brutal least 10,000 troops in East Timor, half of The foreign minister conveyed to country which has killed opposition leaders them combat soldiers. Boutros-Ghali Lisbon's "willingness for a and has no respect for human rights," Soares "The problem for the people is their suf- political dialogue with Indonesia, without said. fering. If the suffering stops they will feel preconditions, and with the participation of "Portugal does not accept the inquiry set better," an East Timorese said. all concerned parties." up by the Indonesian military authorities," He said he had heard of daily arrests "We do not have any assurances that the he said. since the shooting. horrible past incidents will not be repeated He said he had asked the United Nations "They'd like to capture all the Fretilin and the only way to avoid them is through to continue to mediate between Portugal and elements. No one can deny that the people, political dialogue over the reality of East Indonesia on East Timor's future. especially in Dili, reject Indonesia more than Timor," said Deus Pinheiro. Soares said he would use his visit to India ever after November 12," he said.

Jakarta Rejects Portuguese Talks to discuss enhanced commercial ties, including joint ventures in textiles and AFP, Jakarta, Jan 26 - Da Costa, also Excerpt from Reuter, Lisbon, Jan 25 - An footwear, and Lisbon's desire to set up a known as Mauhudu [sic], was caught by adviser to Indonesia's President Suharto on consulate in Goa, a former Portuguese en- troops after a tip off from villagers in Bairo Saturday rejected a Portuguese proposal for clave on India's west coast. Pite near the capital of Dili and was direct talks on East Timor between Lisbon, India invaded and annexed Goa in 1961. suffering from malaria, Syafei said. Jakarta and the Timorese. The recently appointed military com- Francisco Lopez da Cruz told the Soares calls for Talks mander said da Costa had told authorities Portuguese news agency Lusa that Indonesia Excerpt from AFP, New Delhi, Jan 27 - about his financial backers while under opposed the idea "as a question of Portuguese President Mario Soares called interrogation. principle." Monday for talks under U.N. auspices with Syafei said da Costa had revealed "about A car ferry chartered by a Portuguese Indonesia to settle the future of East Timor 40 names of officials working for the local student group sailed from Lisbon on where Portugal has never recognised the government office of East Timor and private Thursday for Dili, where the students plan 1976 Indonesian takeover. companies." to place a wreath at a cemetery to call at- Soares told a news conference here that Timor Rebel Capture Denied tention to the human rights situation in East such talks should aim at reaching a "fair Timor. settlement" based on international law and Excerpt from Reuter, Lisbon, Jan 27 - Lopez Cruz said Jakarta would not let resolutions passed by the United Nations, Guerrillas fighting Jakarta's rule over the them land. which still regards East Timor as being ruled former Portuguese colony of East Timor "The government will not allow oppor- by Lisbon. denied on Monday that Indonesian troops tunities for problems to be created for the Soares, who was chief guest at India's had captured their deputy leader. nation's stability," he said. Republic Day parade here Sunday, had The Fretilin guerrillas' representative in Australia, Borges Ferreira, said a statement Alatas: We Will Talk sought New Delhi's support on Saturday for denouncing the alleged violation of human by East Timor's new military commander Excerpt from AFP, Jakarta, Jan 26 - rights in East Timor. However New Delhi Brigadier-General Theo Syafei that he had Indonesia is ready for U.N.-led talks with has made no comment. captured deputy leader Jose da Costa was Portugal on East Timor, its foreign minister Soares said India had agreed in principle just propaganda. Ali Alatas was quoted as saying by the to allow Portugal to open a consulate and a "There is no confirmation of the capture Antara news agency Sunday. cultural centre in Goa. of Mau Huno (da Costa's nom de guerre)...If But Alatas said everything depended on he had been captured, we would know about the new U.N. secretary general's "will to Page 10. East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992. it already," he told the Portuguese news that was invaded by Indonesian forces in opportunity to examine human rights under agency Lusa. 1975. the so-called "new world order." Ferreira said the Indonesian army had The whereabouts of the guerrilla, said to The meeting has the power to pass con- probably captured Mau Laco, guerrilla be the second-in-command, was given away demning resolutions but no teeth to enforce commander for the eastern region. by an anonymous phone call. any measures to protect human rights. According to Dili governor, Mario The conduct of Israel in the occupied Falantil Leader Captured (TAPOL) Carrascalao, who spoke to a Lisbon radio territories will be discussed -- and almost Jan 29, 1992 by tapol station, mah-hodo "was found more than a certainly condemned -- for the 25th straight Our sources inside have confirmed that year ago in Dili" and probably organised year. South Africa, despite its moves away Falintil second-placed leader, Mau Hudu, "the most recent anti-government demon- from apartheid, remains high on the agenda. was captured last week. He was found in his strations." Burma is likely to be censured on a wife's home, suffering from a serious On November 12, 1991, the Indonesian number of counts, especially for its treat- stomach wound and stricken with malaria. army opened fire on an anti-government ment of political opponents. Indonesia will demonstration leaving 183 dead, according probably face condemnation for its army's Da Costa capture a blow to Timor to independent sources, and 52 dead ac- massacre of crowds mourning an inde- Resistance (Reuter) cording to the Indonesian military high pendence sympathiser in East Timor in Comment: Brig. Gen. Theo Syafei starts to command. international humanitarian or- November last year. ganizations and the local catholic bishop live up to his boast he is a tougher com- UNHCR Politics (AFP) mander than ousted Brig. Gen. R.S. believe the number of dead to be "more than 100." Excerpt from AFP, Geneva, Jan 27 - The Warouw. Meanwhile, the words and practice U.N. Human Rights Commission elected an dichotomy of Indonesian military officialdom Military authorities have identified Mah- Hodo as a "political operative" for the Iranian to one of its three vice-presidential gets bigger and bigger. Army Chief of Staff posts at the opening of its annual session Edy Sudradjat has recently stressed the guerrilla leader, Xanana Gusmao. Since the armed struggle against the oc- Monday, prompting an immediate outcry. extension of "territorial operations," One member of an international organi- essential civic action programs, in East cupation began in 1975, Gusmao, mah-hodu and commander Alex de Silva have zation who declined to be named blasted the Timor. Yet the combat battalions remain as move as "shocking and scandalous," since active as ever, and foreign observers constituted the central nucleus of fretilin. Lisbon acknowledges Portuguese na- Iran is one of the countres that could come returned from Dili describe the military in for public condemnation in the year's presence even there as more intensive than tionality of the Timorese people, basing their decision on a united nations security session, which runs through March 6. in many years. Even the checkpoint system The new vice-president, Cyrus Nasseri, has been put back in place. council resolution adopted in December 1975 following the invasion by Indonesia. is Iran's Ambassador to the United Nations -- John The United Nations resolution recognises here. But he has also been accused by the Reuter, Lisbon, Jan 29 - Guerrillas Portugal as the "administrative power" of People's Mujahedeen -- the armed opposi- fighting Indonesia's rule in East Timor said the territory until there is a national refer- tion to the regime in Tehran -- of being one on Wednesday that Indonesian troops had endum regarding autonomy. of the leaders of Iranian terrorism in Europe. captured and tortured their second-in- In 1975, Jakarta rejected the resolution He was nominated by the Asian group command. and continued its occupation which has re- and won election by a consensus decision, The Fretilin guerrillas' representative in sulted in the death of 210,000 people out of as were the other two vice presidents, Australia, Borges Ferreira, had previously a population of only 650,000. Portuguese Ronald Walker of Australia and Suad denied a claim by East Timor's military politicians attribute jakarta's military might Lyagubi-Uahchi of Tunisia, along with commander Brigadier-General Theo Syafei to "powerful western countries that do a rapporteur Ligia Galvis of Colombia. that he had captured the Fretilin's number good business with Indonesia." The president named for the session is two, Jose da Costa. In light of these facts, the Timorese Pal Solt, representing the new democracy in But on Wednesday Ferreira told the guerrillas who began with a Marxist orien- Hungary where he is Supreme Court head. Portuguese news agency Lusa that da Costa tation, are now seen as leaders of a broad The commission, with representatives and 100 other people were rounded up by liberation movement that enjoys political from 53 states, is to decide whether to Indonesian troops in the former Portuguese support from even the most conservative publicly condemn countries accused of se- colony last Thursday night. sectors of society. rious human rights violations, like Sri Lanka, Ferreira said he had heard that da Costa Burma, Somalia, Indonesia, China, Zaire, had been tortured. U.N. HUMAN RIGHTS COM- Iraq and Iran. Syafei had said da Costa had given him One western European diplomat said he the names of 40 guerrilla sympathisers. MISSION (UNHCR) feared the "passive solidarity" of Asian TO MEET (REUTER) GUERRILLA COMMANDER countries could work not only in favor of Burma, but also prevent open discussion on CAPTURED BY INDONESIAN ARMY Excerpt from Reuter, Geneva, Philippe the situation in Kuwait, Sri Lanka, (IPS) Naughton, Jan 27 - The United States Indonesian pressure in East Timor and warned on Monday that it would turn the Chinese repression in Tibet. Lisbon, jan 29 (ips) -- the Timorese na- human rights spotlight onto Cuba as the tional liberation front (fretilin) acknowl- United Nations began its annual six-week UNHCR Censure for Indonesia? edged Wednesday the capture of one of its review of violations. leading guerrilla commanders, mau hodu. Some NGOs which lobby the UNHCR be- The 53-nation U.N. Human Rights lieve that Indonesia will receive some sort of fretilin is fighting against the 1975 invasion Commission, bringing together some 1,500 and annexation of East Timor by Indonesia. censure on the torture issue despite the delegates and observers, is due to debate highly politicized nature of the UNHCR. Mau Hodu-Jose da Costa, his official allegations of abuse in countries ranging name according to his Portuguese identifi- Indonesia is a full member. There is also a from Israel and South Africa to Indonesia. conservative "Asian bloc." cation, was arrested by Indonesian soldiers With the East-West confrontation now last Thursday in Dili, the capital of East gone, delegates said it would be the first -- John M. Timor, a former Portuguese colony of Java East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992. Page 11.

UN CONDEMNATION THREATENS is even higher proportionally than in of Throughout the year, the UN Secretary INDONESIA (NRC Handelsbald) Cambodia under Pol Pot. 2 General used his good offices to bring about Repeated United Nations (UN) resolu- an agreement for a mission of par- NRC Handelsbald. Date: 27 January 1992. tions in the General Assembly have affirmed liamentarians from Portugal, the UN-rec- Byline: Willem Offenberg, Geneva. News the right of the East Timorese to a free and ognized administering power, to East Timor. item, summary only. fair act of self-determination, and have called The visit was scheduled to begin in late Indonesia is likely to be condemned at for Indonesia to withdraw its troops from October, but was called off at the last the UN Human Rights Commission now in the territory. 3 In March, the UN Secretary minute. The visit's suspension shocked the progress in Geneva, following the publica- General reaffirmed that East Timor had the Timorese, who had looked to it as a sign of tion of the report of the UN Special same right to self-determination as Namibia hope. Rapporteur on Torture, Professor and the Western Sahara.4 The massacre of perhaps 200 people at Kooijmans on Indonesia and East Timor. Indonesia's pervasive security apparatus Dili's Santa Cruz cemetery on 12 November This alone would provide enough ammu- has kept the flow of information out of the 1991, witnessed by foreign journalists, nition for a strong resolution, said Adrien- territory limited. In 1989, Indonesia declared focused international attention on human Claude Zoller, Director of the International the territory "open" to tourism and rights violations on East Timor. Canada was Service for Human Rights, based in Geneva. commerce. Visitors, however, report con- one of several countries to reduce aid to "This is a unique opportunity, far better tinued restrictions. An Australian parlia- Indonesia in protest at the killings. than in previous years, coming on top of the mentary mission was accompanied by However, more massacres followed and Santa Cruz massacre last November," said Indonesian "protocol officers," while entry repression seems to have intensified after 12 Zoller. was refused this year to Japanese parlia- November. Up to 500 people may have Zoller has just returned to Geneva from a mentary group, a mission of Indonesian been rounded up and executed from 12 trip to Asia. In Macao, he spoke to two human rights advocates headed by J.C. November to 10 December.7 PRICEN, chair of the League for Defence of East Timorese eye-witnesses of the mas- Arbitrary Arrest and Detention, Torture sacre who have just left East Timor and who Human Rights (LPHAM) and an Australian told him that after the massacre, a number of journalist. and Ill-Treatment persons who had been arrested at the time Extensive documentation on continuing According to Amnesty International, were taken away and shot dead in a district human rights abuses has been received from more than 400 people were arrested in East near the capital, Dili. sources in the Roman Catholic Church in Timor from the end of 1988 to 11 He was told that after the massacre, the East Timor (which remains the primary November 1991. "A pattern of short-term Indonesian authorities in East Timor forbade social institution in the country), reports detention, ill-treatment and torture of po- fisherman to go fishing around the coast, for from refugees and foreign visitors, and litical detainees appears to have worsened in fear that they might find bodies of the documents produced by the active and the past year," Amnesty says. 8 Forms of victims. clandestine resistance in East Timor. torture have included beatings with iron Zoller said that NGOs which would be Since 1975, an armed resistance has been bars, batons and fists, burning with lighted testifying at the Commission in Geneva carried on against the Indonesian military. cigarettes, and immersion for long periods in were closely watching the attitudes adopted Operations against the resistance have fetid water. A particular favourite of by Australia and the Netherlands. Professor intensified since late 1990, when a new Indonesian torturers is slashing with razor Kooijmans himself occupies a double role at offensive was launched in an unsuccessful blades. the Commission; on the one hand as an bid to capture the resistance leader, Kay The fall of 1990 saw a spate of pro-in- independent expert who has produced a Rala Xanana GUSMAO. dependence demonstrations by mostly report on torture but on the other hand as Beginning with the visit of Pope John young Timorese, beginning with a 4 head of the Dutch delegation at the Paul II to Dili in October 1989, the focus of September demonstration at a Mass cele- Commission. In the latter role, he will have resistance to Indonesian rule has shifted brating the 50th anniversary of the Dili to represent Dutch government policy. The from the mountains to cities and towns. Diocese, at which the Papal Nuncio to Netherlands will be attending the Indonesian soldiers are stationed in virtually Indonesia was present. Indonesia responded Commission this year as a full member. all areas of the territory, with military with a wave of arrests which continued in Zoller criticised Holland's over-hasty presence estimated at as many as 25,000 1991. many of the arrests involved torture. decision to resume economic aid to soldiers in October. 5 In October 1991, In January 1991, 20 Timorese were arrested Indonesia. Brig- Gen. Rudy WAROUW, armed forces for a short period, during which they were commander in East Timor, announced the reportedly beaten and tortured. 9 CANADA ASIA WORKING GROUP replacement of "Operation Smile," an at- The wave of arrests also took in SUBMISSION TO UNHCR tempt to win the heart and minds of the Constancio PINTO and David DA Submission prepared for the 48th session of East Timorese, by "Operation Combat," CONCEICAO, teachers at Sao Jose high the United Nations Commission on Human which signalled an intensification of re- school in Dili, and three of their students: Rights Geneva, February 1992 by Canada pression. Jose Antonio GALUCHO, Talufo MONIZ, Asia Working Group, an agency of the The Catholic Church has stood as the one and Abilio MESQUITA. In April, six more Canadian Council of Churches tenuous protection from Indonesian Sao Jose students were arrested. One of repression, despite restrictions on its op- them, Arnaldo MAIA, later had to be Background to the Current Human erations. Starting with an attack on a church hospitalized because of wounds inflicted by Rights Situation in Dili, however, the military has began to torture. 10 David DA CONCEICAO was target the church and attempt to link it with re-arrested on Oct. 28 and tortured once Since Indonesian troops invaded the the resistance. At least four churches were again. 11 territory in December 1975, and illegally attacked by Indonesian soldiers this year, In March 1991, British journalist Hugh annexed it in July 1976, one third of the and several priests have been arrested and O'Shaughnessy visited East Timor and re- population, or at least 200,000 people have tortured. The personal safety of Bishop ported that Indonesian torturers were world died as a result of killings, bombings and Carlos Ximenes BELO, Apostolic experts in "the refined use of the razor on famine brought on by the war. 1 As the Administrator of the Diocese of Dili, has human flesh." One priest told him a 17-year Montreal Gazette points out, the death toll been precarious since his appeal to the UN old girl was arrested, raped repeatedly, then Secretary General in 1989. 6 Page 12. East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992. had her breasts and private parts cut off and carries a maximum penalty of 7 years in group, killing Sebastiao GOMES (Rangel), stuffed into her mouth. 12 prison. 19 18, and Afonso HENDRIQUE, about 30. Young people are the main targets of Four Timorese studying in Denpasar, No evidence was found of the alleged repression. In March, 13- year old Jose LY Bali, were detained on 24 November. All presence of weapons in the church. About was arrested and held for four days for were tortured; one of them, Jose Pompeia 50 young Timorese were arrested in making phone calls to Indonesian settlers Saldanha RIBEIRO, was reported as unable connection with the attack. Some of them and asking them "Kapan Pulang?" ("when to walk because of the severity of his were later beaten and subjected to electric are you going home?"). He was reportedly wounds. 20 shocks. Until this incident, the right of tortured during his confinement and released sanctuary in churches had been respected. only after his family paid a 20,000 rupiah Extra-Judicial Executions and bribe.13 Disappearances Massacres of civilians In February and March, soldiers engaged After the Santa Cruz massacre, over 90 World attention returned to East Timor in a military offensive in the Ossu region people were reported as missing by their on 12 November, when soldiers opened fire arrested several villagers gathering food. On families, according to the Indonesian on a crowd estimated at 2,000 to 4,000 7 February, Buanuruk villagers were Bishops Conference. Military authorities people, all unarmed. 24 Fourteen days after arrested, ordered to dig their own graves, began a search for mass graves, tacit ad- the death of Sebastiao Gomes, mourners tied up and lined up in front of the graves as mission the missing people were probably gathered in his memory at Motael church at if they were to be shot. On 2 March, an killed. 21 Other "disappearances" include 7:00 a.m. After a Mass conducted by Fr. elderly villager from Loihuno was tied up Moises DO AMARAL, a guerrilla captured Ricardo, the congregation set off for Santa with his own towel for eight hours and on 16 January and still missing late in the Cruz cemetery to lay flowers on the grave, threatened. In May, 96 civilians in Ossu year. In January and February, 12 prisoners carrying pro- independence banners in were arrested, with 20 of them (all students) were taken from Becora prison to unknown Portuguese and English. En route, they were said to be tortured. 14 places, and a resident of Taibesse, Dili, also joined by many more people, including Following the Santa Cruz massacre on 12 disappeared. On 12 February, three people schoolchildren on their way to classes. November, at least 200 were detained. At who disappeared in Nov. 1990, Jose When they arrived at the cemetery, soldiers the end of 1991, at least 37 of these were Manuel DA SILVA FERNANDES, Moises opened fire on the crowd. still being held. Fourteen have been charged DA COSTA, and ANUCU, were appar- "The scene at the cemetery gate was with subversion, which carries a possible ently ordered killed. frozen into my mind," wrote a British death penalty. A further 18 face other Reported extra-judicial executions include eyewitness. "A young man, badly wounded criminal charges, while charges against the six shepherds gunned down in the Ossu but still not dead, lay across the entrance. rest are pending. 15 region on 10 March for allegedly supplying Others had tripped and fallen in the dirt. A A number of priests are also undergoing food to guerrillas; Jeremias FUAT, shot solid wedge of people were stuck in the torture and detention. Fr. Alberto dead by soldiers on 17 January; a woman entrance, pressed from behind by hundreds RICARDO, the pastor of Motael parish accused of contacting guerrillas and her of others desperate to escape the bullets. church and Vicar- General of the Dili baby, both reportedly shot at Muasu Lore; Then the wedge broke, and the people Diocese, was repeatedly interrogated and two captured guerrillas said to have poured screaming through the gap, trampling through December 1991 and January 1992. been poisoned by soldiers for refusing to over the bodies, the wounded and the whole Fr. Hilario MADEIRA was detained for divulge their comrades' position. alike. Outside in the street, the soldiers kept two days and threatened with automatic Masked gangs, rumoured to consist of up a sustained volley of fire, perhaps two weapons. Fr. Domingos SANTOS was also off-duty soldiers, continued to roam the minutes long -- thousands of rounds poured detained and tortured in December. The streets of Dili, terrorizing the population. into the crowd and down into the cemetery pastor of a church in Maliana was report- East Timor's Indonesian-appointed where I was hiding." 25 edly tortured on 4 November. Governor, Mario Viegas CARRASCALAO, "It was a sea of blood," added Italian Another concern is the treatment of spoke of "a kind of terror" pervading the priest Stefani RENATO. "Hours after the Timorese students studying at universities streets at night. 22 In April, 200 Timorese massacre I saw bloodstains on the road -- in Indonesia. A military document dated 23 students were said to be "missing," with even though the soldiers tried to scrub them February listed 19 of these students at these gangs suspected. out." 26 The military admitted to 19 killed security risks and put them under surveil- This atmosphere intensified as the and 91 wounded; eyewitness accounts place lance. 16 At a peaceful demonstration in scheduled visit of the Portuguese parlia- the number at over 100, perhaps over 200. Jakarta on 13 March, 6 students were mentary delegation neared. In early summer, 27 Nuns were said to have been denied punched and kicked as they were arrested, intimidation groups began to form, with the entry to the cemetery to minister to the and held for one day. 17 On 18 September, goal of creating an atmosphere of terror and dying after the shooting was over. Benjamin MARTINS was arrested in chaos leading up to the visit. Of particular One foreigner, New Zealand volunteer Maliana (East Timor) and accused of co- concern is the "Regu Ninja/Petrus" gang, a worker Kamal BAMADHAJ, 20, was also ordinating links between the resistance in group of masked killers equipped with killed in the massacre. Red Cross workers East Timor and Timorese students in binoculars, video cameras, pistols and say he died of blood loss because the Red Indonesia. knives. In September, 5,000 additional Cross vehicle taking him to hospital was Seventy Timorese students in Jakarta soldiers arrived in East Timor. held up at an army roadblock. The driver, who participated in a demonstration to In a plea to supporters in the Portuguese too, was threatened with death. 28 protest against the Santa Cruz massacre church, Bishop Belo said the Indonesian Three days later, on 15 Nov., another 80 were arrested on 19 November. Although military had "once again started a campaign young men and women were massacred at most were released on 26 November, they of terror, of threats. Anyone who ap- Be-Mussi, near Dili. All were said to have remain under house arrest. Lawyers and proaches the Portuguese will be killed. been present at Santa Cruz. Reports say the relatives have been denied access to the There is no climate of freedom...." 23 women were raped in front of the men, then prisoners. 18 The 21 students still held at On 28 October, within a day of the can- all were forced to strip naked and the end of the year have been charged with cellation of the parliamentary mission, blindfolded before being shot. 29 "publicly expressing enmity, hate or insults soldiers attacked a crowd of 20 youths Two more massacres followed. On 17 toward the lawful government," which taking refuge in the Motael parish church in November, ten witnesses to the Be-Mussi Dili. Soldiers reportedly opened fire on the massacre were executed; on 19 Nov., an- East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992. Page 13. other seven were shot by masked men be- pulation, qualify as genocide against the Conclusions and recommendations lieved to be soldiers. The dead included two East Timorese people. However, they are children, aged one and five, and five women. also subjected to cultural genocide: delib- The Santa Cruz massacre of 12 Nov. is Indonesia set up a National Commission erate attempts to destroy their indigenous just the most violent of many violations of of Inquiry which concluded that 50 had been culture and their future as a distinct people human rights exhibited in the territory in killed at Santa Cruz but blamed dem- in their own land. A full generation has now 1991, a year in which repression intensified. onstrators for "provoking" the soldiers. grown up, cut off from their rich cultural At the end of the year, repression seems to According to the report, "There was a heritage. East Timor's 30 languages and be intensifying still further. As Bishop Belo spontaneous reaction by soldiers to protect dialects today stand on the brink of said in his Christmas message, "We are themselves, shooting many times into the extinction. living in fear, not peace. We suffer, hate, cry demonstrators." 30 This claim that soldiers Traditional ceremonies, languages and and lose hope." 42 fired in self-defence contradicts all other religions are banned. In December 1991 the The report of the National Commission eyewitness accounts and filmed evidence. armed forces shut down Sao Jose High of Inquiry has not stopped the repression, In the wake of the report, East Timor School in Dili -- the only remaining school but only made it worse. At a time when army commander Brig-Gen. Rudy teaching in Portuguese, English and Tetun, armed forces commander-in-chief Gen. Try WAROUW and his superior, Maj-Gen. the Timorese lingua franca before 1975. 35 SUTRISNO makes statements about Sintong PANJAITAN, were removed from Transmigration of Indonesians from the demonstrators in Dili like "These despicable their posts. Diplomats, however, said they inner islands, which threatens to swamp the people must be shot," the dismissal of two expected a more repressive policy from the Timorese demographically, continues in a lower-ranking officers goes little way new East Timor military commander, Brig- scaled-down form, and the policy was toward overcoming gross and systematic Gen. Theo SYAFEI. "I am not as patient as reaffirmed by President Suharto this year. violations of human rights. 43 An inde- Warouw," Syafei told the Jakarta Post, 36 Church sources estimate there are now pendent international investigation, as re- seemingly heralding a new crackdown.31 100,000 Indonesians in East Timor. 37 quested by the government of the "They come off every boat. In ten years Dili Netherlands, would be more useful in ex- Restrictions on Freedom of Movement, will cease to be a Timorese town, if things amining the massacre of 12 November and Speech and Association go on as they are," says Bishop Belo. 38 other violations. Despite the heavy loss of life already Both Bishop Belo and resistance leader Fundamental freedoms of movement, Xanana Gusmao have called for the United speech and association continue to be se- suffered by the East Timorese, forced abortions and coercive birth control pro- Nations to sponsor peace talks, without verely restricted. Travel throughout the preconditions, between Timorese, territory remains impossible without ob- grams continue to be inflicted on Timorese women. Forced injections of Depo-Provera Indonesian and Portuguese parties. Belo has taining permission from authorities. proposed a referendum on independence, a Villagers forced to endure frequent curfews, have been reported as a disproportionate problem in East Timor. A new form of co- solution recently agreed to for the Western prevented from freely gathering food and Sahara, where the UN will contribute medicines in the countryside, and restricted ercive birth control is the Norplant contra- ceptive implant, which works in similar peacekeeping forces. 44 As Xanana points from entry in zones where fighting is going out, "Indonesia is not able to integrate East on. Village markets have been destroyed, fashion but prevents conception for five years. The Norplant is banned in Canada Timor into the Indonesian community by and traditional inter-village trade halted. military means. A solution other than Almost the entire rural population of pending an investigation into side effects said to include increased risk of ectopic military force must be found...." 45 East Timor has been forcibly moved into Inasmuch as the Canadian government resettlement centres. 32 Many are thus cut pregnancies and possible cancer, sterility and birth defects. In 1991, two-thirds of all has recognized the de facto control exercised off from their ancestral homes and pre- by Indonesian authorities in East Timor, but vented from returning, even to rejoin their Norplants produced in the world were used in Indonesia, meaning a total of 500,000 has not recognized the de jure incorporation families. House-to-house searches in these of East Timor by Indonesia, we recommend resettlement centres and in cities like Dili women implanted with the Norplant. 39 Traditional agricultural patterns have that the Canadian government: remains a daily fact of life for the Timorese. 1. pursue initiatives towards the implemen- In November, there were reports of more been displaced, with the western part of the territory now devoted primarily to cash tation of UN Resolution GA 37/30 young people being relocated against their (1982); will to camps to get them away from cropping of coffee, rice, cardamom and sugar international journalists in Dili. 33 rather than subsistence agriculture. 40 2. call for a withdrawal of Indonesian oc- Mail and phone calls are monitored, es- On 1 July, Indonesian law replaced cupation forces from East Timor and pecially in the cases of prominent Timorese Portuguese land regulations in East Timor, demonstrate support for the right of the like Bishop Belo. Reporters trying to reach marking yet another threat to the Timorese people of East Timor to a free and fair Belo and other churchmen after the 12 Nov. culture. Land ownership will now require act of self-determination, as affirmed by massacre were unable to make contact, or the owner to use the land, a concept alien to repeated UN resolutions. were cut off after a short time. After the the traditional model. Ownership will have At the United Nations, massacre, international human rights groups to be approved by local authorities. Under 3. call for an independent investigation, reported they were afraid to call their the new regulations, shifting agriculture will under the auspices of the United Nations, contacts in East Timor because it might put be excluded and the government will gain an- into recent massacres in East Timor; them in danger. 34 other means of coercion over the people. 4. encourage the Secretary-General of the On 19 December, all protests were Churches will also be required to surrender UN to include representatives of the their land to the state in return for possible banned in East Timor, by government de- Timorese people, including the cree. rights to use the land. The issue of land has Nationalist Convergence, in talks held become a major controversy, with the Violations of religious, cultural and col- under his auspices in accordance with Church and Governor strongly opposed to UN Resolution 37/30 (1982); lective rights the change and one Timorese civil servant At the 48th session of the United Bishop Belo has said that "we continue calling it "the second invasion" of East Timor. 41 Nations Commission on Human Rights, to die as a people and as a nation." The Canada should: sheer numbers killed in East Timor since the Indonesian invasion, a third of the po- Page 14. East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992.

5. under Agenda Item 9 and 12, raise the 23 David Webster, Bishop of East Timor: TIMOR POLICY BASED ON serious concerns of Canadians about the Campaign of terror has begun Catholic human rights situation in East Timor, New Times (Toronto), 17 Nov. 1991. FALSE PREMISES, SAYS taking note of the report of the Special 24 Account based on East Timor News, HORTA (GREEN LEFT) Rapporteur's visit in October 1991 to Urgent Communiqué #2, 2 December East Timor and ensure that effective 1991, corroborated by numerous eye- By Melanie Sjoberg Green Left Weekly pm follow-up mechanisms are established. witness accounts from journalists and Jan 28, 1992 6. under Agenda Item 10, support a reso- others. MELBOURNE - The November 12 Dili lution calling for a review of the human 25 Max Stahl, Massacre among the graves, massacre provided the Australian govern- rights situation in East Timor. The Independent on Sunday (London), ment with an opportunity to correct its With respect to humanitarian con- 17 Nov. 1991. policy, Fretilin UN representative Jose cerns, Canada should 26 The Observer, 17 Nov. 1991. Ramos Horta told a public meeting here on January 19. 7. help apply international pressure on the 27 Dave Todd, Canada's deadly silence, Indonesian authorities to give free and But the government had passed up the Toronto Star, 3 Dec. 1991. opportunity, he added. "Instead, they have unrestricted access to international relief 28 Southam News, Army delayed vehicle and independent human rights agencies to persisted with the same approach. They carrying Bamadhaj: Red Cross Montreal concoct schemes to cover up their policies work in East Timor, particularly the Gazette, 7 Dec. 1991. International Committee of the Red and the Australian people are told to accept Cross and Amnesty International. 29 Dave Todd, Terror in Timor -- the idea that reconciliation [of East Timor] Indonesian government plotting murders with the Indonesian republic is necessary." Notes of witnesses to massacre, say rights Horta characterised Australia's signing of 1 Amnesty International, East Timor: workers and bishop. Ottawa Citizen, 25 the Timor Gap Treaty as "a vicious stab in Violations of Human Rights 1975-1984. Nov. 1991. the back" that had cost many East Timorese 30 Peter Wise, "Indonesian Report on lives. 2 Montreal Gazette, "Who weeps for East The Australian policy is based on false Timor?" Editorial, 4 February 1991. Shootings inaccurate, say critics," Ottawa Citizen, 27 Dec. 1991. premises. "The situation in East Timor is a 3 General Assembly Resolution 3485XXX 31 Reuter wire, 11 Jan. 1992. result of the nature of the regime, just as the (1975) has been reaffirmed seven times. problems in West Papua and the human Security Council Resolution 384 has been 32 Mark Seddon, Long-forgotten victims of rights situation in Indonesia are results of reaffirmed twice. an Asian invader, The Times (London), that same regime. 4 Reuter, 25 March 1991. 20 April 1991. "It is an illusion that Australia can have 5 Linda Hossie, Independence bid drenched 33 Ottawa Citizen, 25 Nov. 1991. stable and prosperous relations with in blood, Globe and Mail (Toronto), 15 34 Ottawa Citizen, 25 Nov. 1991. Indonesia while the nature of this regime Nov. 1991. 35 Tempo, 7 Dec. 1991. continues. It does not allow fair and open discussion within the country. It does not 6 Pax Christi International, Statement to the 36 Jakarta Post, 14 Dec. 1991. allow support for individual rights, freedom UN Special Committee on 37 Hugh O'Shaughnessy, Irish Times, 27 of the press nor self-determination for the Decolonization, August 9, 1990. April 1991. people." 7 Dave Todd, Canada cuts off $30 million in 38 The Observer, 7 April. Far from being constructive, the aid to Indonesia Ottawa Citizen, 10 Dec. 39 Sheila Ward and others, Service Delivery Australian government policy is actively 1991. Systems and Quality of Care in the destructive, Horta said. Australian officials 8 Amnesty International, Urgent Action Implementation of Norplant in Indonesia have been lobbying the United States and Bulletin, 12 Nov. 1991. (New York: The Population Council, the European Community to support an 9 Lindsay Murdoch, From Dili, a plea for 1990). impossible "reconciliation" between Indonesia and Timor. peace, and a slanging match, The Age 40 Elaine Briere and Dan Devaney, "East (Melbourne), 11 Feb. 1991. Foreign minister Gareth Evans has in- Timor: The Slaughter of a Tribal Nation," formed Horta that Australia will oppose 10 Newsbriefs, Fretilin, May 1991. Canadian Dimension, October 1990. any agreement in the Human Rights 11 Amnesty International, Urgent Action 41 East Timor News, Monthly Memo #6, Commission in February if it contains any Bulletin ASA 21/19/91 20 July 1991. reference to self-determination. 12 Hugh O'Shaughnessy, Secret killing of a 42 Jakarta Post, 26 Dec. Horta said Xanana Gusmao, leader of nation The Observer (London), 7 April 43 Jakarta Post, 26 Dec. 1991. Fretilin in East Timor, had called more than 1991. 44 Jayakarta, 14 November 1991. 12 months ago for roundtable negotiations without preconditions under the auspices of 13 Newsbriefs, Fretilin, March 1991. 45 The Age, 14 February 1991. Belo's 14 Newsbriefs, Fretilin, July 1991. the United Nations. Even after the Dili October plea for an international massacre, Xanana reaffirmed that position 15 Kyodo wire service (Japan), 28 Dec. peacekeeping force to protect the despite the fact that hundreds of people 1991. Timorese has been backed by more than were being killed in the countryside. The 16 Tapol Bulletin #105, June 1991. 50 Catholic Bishops from around the offer of negotiations without precondition 17 Amnesty International, Urgent Action world, including Bishop Remi De Roo of has been repeated in a letter from the Victoria and Bishop Hamelin of Rouyn- Bulletin 99/91, 13 March 1991. political leadership of Fretilin to the Noranda, both from the Canadian Portuguese president. 18 Amnesty International, Urgent Action Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bulletin 21/29/91. East Timor solidarity groups around Australia are discussing a national gathering 19 Associated Press wire, 12 Dec. 1991. in February to coordinate activities. 20 21 Jakarta Post, 9 Dec. 1991. 22 Sunday Age, 17 Feb. 1991. East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992. Page 15.

EAST TIMORESE FEARFUL Indonesia's rulers "don't think it means caucus resolution after the massacre was anything when the Australian government quite strong, not because they wanted it to (REUTER) says you should stop this or improve that. be, but because they had no choice ... Excerpt from Reuter, Dili, East Timor, The Indonesian government just doesn't "But I think we are going to run up Jonathan Thatcher, Jan 28 - Residents of care." against the big capitalists like BHP, Esso East Timor say they have been living in fear The government should "withdraw rec- and Santos and so on. They are quite pre- since the Indonesian army massacre last ognition of the Indonesian takeover of East pared to exploit the oil in East Timor. They November and believe the military is about Timor, and force Indonesia to accept inter- don't want to hear the human side of the to crack down harder on dissent. national law, as outlined by the UN Security story." The shooting on November 12 sparked Council in December 1975". The Northern Territory's chief minister, international outrage. A car ferry chartered Australia's negotiations with Indonesia Marshall Perron, signed a memorandum of by Portuguese students left Lisbon last over oil exploration rights were illegal, said understanding on trade and development week to stage a demonstration in Dili but Ferreira. with Indonesia's foreign minister, Ali Alatas, Jakarta vowed on Tuesday to ban the latest "Australia and Indonesia are using our on January 22. In what the Financial Review protest. national resources. Australia is not guilty described as "an unexpected diplomatic "We will not permit them to land," because it is exploiting that area. It is guilty coup", Perron was careful to assure Alatas Armed Forces chief Try Sutrisno told re- because it has entered negotiations with a that "Australia should not apply its own porters in Kuala Lumpur. power that is not legitimate in East Timor. standards when making judgments on The students plan to lay a wreath at the "By doing this, Australia has put itself Indonesia". cemetery where troops fired on crowds on the wrong side of the law. We can't ac- The Northern Territory News, Darwin's mourning the death of an independence cept the view that Australia is right and daily newspaper, is pushing a line particu- sympathiser. Indonesia is wrong. Once the Australian larly hostile to Fretilin, said Ferreira, al- Residents said Dili, though quiet on the government entered into negotiations and though all progressive groups in the terri- surface, was pervaded by a sense of fear. signed the treaty, it automatically puts them tory tend to get the same treatment. They said few had any trust in the army on the wrong side. We should seek Darwin's East Timorese community, the since the shooting. compensation for all the damage caused to majority of them Fretilin supporters, were Several residents say Jakarta would us. being branded as a "ratbag element" in the probably lose any independence referendum "Australia is giving them the chance to letters pages. Ferreira said he knew of letters now despite the aid it has poured in. prop up their economy at the cost of the supporting Fretilin that were not published. One source said any army crackdown East Timorese people, using an East "The problem is a human rights problem, would only work in the short term. Timorese resource. They are using that the right of the people to say what they The government this year has allocated money, that resource, to kill our own peo- want. That's what they are fighting for, and more aid to East Timor than any other ple. That's not on, we can't accept it." that's what Fretilin is fighting for. province. If the Australian government was in such "When Fretilin came into being in 1974, it a hurry to exploit oil in the Timor Sea, said said clearly that it is a front, a movement of ‘STOP DELAYING THE Ferreira, an alternative would be to recognise all Timorese from every part of the political the right to self-determination of the East spectrum to fight for the independence of INEVITABLE’ - FRETILIN Timorese people and enter negotiations with East Timor. We didn't say that only people (GREEN LEFT) a free East Timor. who espouse communist ideals could enter On the other hand, "if Australia keeps Fretilin; we had people from one side to the By Tracy Sorensen Green Left Weekly Jan refusing till such a day that East Timor gets other. Now, 90% of the people of East 28, 1992 its independence with the help of other big Timor support us." DARWIN - The Australian government countries than Australia, obviously we The Catholic Church, said Ferreira, was should stop trying to delay the inevitable would have to turn to other countries to now an important base of support for the and recognise East Timor's right to inde- help us. How could we tell the Timorese independence movement, although this was pendence, Fretilin's representative in people who have suffered all those years not always the case. In 1974-75, Fretilin's Australia, Alfredo Ferreira, told Green Left that Australia is now entitled to do such and ideas were "quite straightforward and in an interview here last month. such a thing, even though it never did progressive" and therefore took the church, The Australian government is putting it- anything for us at all?" based as it was on Portuguese colonial self on the wrong side of international law in Ferreira said that the Dutch government power, by surprise. its negotiations with Indonesia for oil was cutting financial aid to Indonesia, and "They weren't used to being contested; exploration rights in the Timor Sea, Ferreira the Danish government had already done so. what they said was law. But we had a dif- said. A free East Timor would seek At the same time, any agreements signed ferent way to go. We thought the people compensation for damages, and look to by a free East Timorese government would had the right to choose what they wanted. those countries which support independ- be in the people's interests. "We are not We wanted to bring up democracy, to have ence for help in reconstructing the country fighting and dying in order for the discussions and change social life and a and developing East Timor's natural re- multinational companies to come in and society in which a small elite force was sources. exploit the East Timorese people." ruling the majority of the people." Contrary to the claim by foreign minister He pointed out that the Australian gov- Now, said Ferreira, there are Fretilin Gareth Evans that the East Timorese would ernment's record on East Timor appeared to priests. Many in the church came to see benefit through Australia's relationship with contradict the sympathy the Australian Fretilin as the saviour of the Catholic faith Indonesia, "their constant support for people had consistently shown with the against the new Indonesian rulers. Indonesia is encouraging the Indonesians to national liberation struggle a few hundred Meanwhile, the East Timorese people had kill more people", said Ferreira. kilometres to the north. learned to get religion and politics into "Since 1975, the Australian government's "When the November 12 massacre oc- perspective: relations with the Indonesians have curred, the impact was so great that Bob "People used to go to church every improved quite a lot, but the human rights Hawke, Gareth Evans and the whole gov- Sunday, have their lessons, and go home and record in East Timor is getting worse; the ernment couldn't avoid it; public opinion pray. It's all right, but when you pray it's two things are going in opposite directions." forced them to take some action. The Labor like salt in food. You only need so much salt Page 16. East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992. to make the food nice, but if you put too The Roman Catholic bishop of Dili told a But the EC as a whole has been much salt in it, you spoil the food. We have Portuguese radio station that the arrival of conspicuously quiet. to balance everything." the car ferry could only make matters worse A meeting of senior EC officials was held The East Timorese people are both op- for the citizens of East Timor. in Lisbon on 14-15 January with Portugal timistic and realistic, said Ferreira. "The day "It would be better if they did not come," setting the agenda. Jakarta-based diplomats the Indonesians are forced to withdraw, we Carlos Ximenes Belo told the Catholic expected the meeting to produce a statement have to be in touch with reality. We have to Radio Renascenca. "The people who on East Timor but none was forthcoming. look around the world and see how the organised the voyage must have their heads Diplomats said East Timor was discussed world is, what sort of society we are living in the clouds." only in connection with an EC draft with. When these things happen, we'll count statement on human rights which is to be on international support. We'll be counting MADDENING SILENCE submitted to the UN Human Rights on those who have been supporting us all (F.E.E.R.) Commission in February. this time." A Portuguese statement on 27 December had called the Indonesian team's report "a UK STANDS UP FOR EAS T Lisbon blamed for muted EC response on clumsy and desperate attempt" to rebut East Timor TIMOR (REUTER) criticism of its East Timor policy and called Far Eastern Economic Review. 30 January for a separate international inquiry to be Excerpt from Reuter, London, Sue Baker, 1992. By Adam Schwarz in Jakarta and held. Jan 28 - Britain urged Indonesia on Tuesday Peter Wise in Lisbon. A diplomatic source in Lisbon says, to end human rights abuses in disputed East "Portugal means business and will not back Comment: A remarkable example of the away." Lisbon's diplomacy has two main Timor and to further investigate an army Review batting for Indonesia. massacre there last November. objectives: to elicit support for the nego- The Foreign Office also supported calls Indonesia's relations with the EC are tiation of a solution to the East Timor issue for Indonesia to allow a U.N. special envoy being strained by the Community's lack of at the UN; and to intensify international to visit East Timor to report on the human response to Indonesian efforts to ameliorate pressure on Indonesia to ensure respect for rights and political situation in the former human rights abuses in East Timor, the human rights in East Timor. Portuguese colony invaded by Indonesia in Portuguese colony Jakarta annexed in 1976. Portugal considers UN-sponsored talks 1975 and annexed a year later. Indonesian and European diplomats blame leading to a legitimate act of self-determi- "We urge the Indonesian government to the inaction on Portugal, which assumed the nation for the East Timorese to be the key put in place policies to ensure that abuses of EC Presidency on 1 January and is to a solution. Among other human rights human rights in East Timor cease, and to determined not to let the East Timor issue considerations, Portugal is expressing con- pursue a just, comprehensive and inter- fade away. cern over the plight of at least 60 people nationally acceptable settlement of the East An EC statement strongly condemning detained after the shooting. Amnesty is Timor issue," a statement said. Indonesia was released on 13 November, a concerned that some detainees may have Referring to the November 12 army day after Indonesian soldiers opened fire on been tortured. shooting of crowds mourning an independ- a crowd of mourners in East Timor. A Portugal aims to use the 3 December EC ence sympathiser, the Foreign Office urged second, similar statement by the EC was statement to muster support within the Indonesia to investigate the responsiblity of issued on 3 December. After an Indonesian Community. The statement condemns the the armed forces at all levels and to un- investigative team concluded that the army "unjustifiable actions" by the Indonesian dertake to punish those found responsible. had used excessive force, President Suharto military and says the EC will review coop- "We also urge the Indonesian authorities dismissed two senior officers and set up a eration with Indonesia, taking into account to investigate further the continuing military commission to investigate the response of the Jakarta authorities. discrepancies in the number killed (in the wrongdoing by soldiers. Portugal was also active in the formulation massacre) and the large number of people Most governments gave Jakarta high of a 28 November resolution by the EC unaccounted for." marks for taking politically difficult steps to Development Council to make aid condi- The Foreign Office statement, while discipline the army. But, the EC's refusal to tional on respect for human rights and de- critical of the Indonesian government, was acknowledge this is causing ill-will among mocracy in recipient countries. Portugal will balanced by expressions of support. many in the foreign policy establishment work for the practical implementation of the "We welcome President Suharto's ex- and does not help those in the government resolutions in regard to Indonesia. pression of deepest condolences to the pushing for more sensitivity on human After a 10 January meeting in Paris, people of East Timor and his commitment rights issues, analysts say. Portuguese President Mario Soares said UN that the Dili incident must not happen The EC's silence is making life awkward Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali again," it said. for some European missions in Jakarta. "It was open to proposals for an international would be constructive for the EC to respond inquiry into the massacre. East Timor BELO: SHIP PROJTEST to Indonesian follow-up actions in order to topped the agenda when Soares met encourage such a trend to continue," one President George Bush in Washington in LEADERS HAVE ‘HEADS IN European diplomat said. "The longer we do early January. CLOUDS’ (REUTER) nothing, the more ridiculous it looks." For its part, Indonesia wants the other "It took (the EC) hours to condemn us in EC members to stop Portugal from setting Excerpt from Reuter, Lisbon, Jan 29 - In November. How long will it take them to the near-term agenda for EC-Indonesia re- a move to commemorate the Dili massacre respond now?" asked one senior Indonesian lations. "EC members shouldn't subordinate deaths, Portuguese students left Lisbon on a Foreign Ministry official. Bilaterally, some their fundamental interests (in Indonesia) to chartered car ferry last week to sail to Dili European nations have expressed Portugal's views on East Timor," Foreign and place a wreath of flowers in a cemetery. appreciation for Indonesia's handling of the Minister Ali Alatas said on 3 January. The Indonesia's armed forces chief Try 12 November incident, though always with immediate danger for Indonesia, political Sutrisno pledged the students would not be caveats attached. Denmark and the analysts say, is that Portugal's Presidency allowed to land, but Fretilin representative Netherlands, which suspended aid of the EC will lead to a further polarisation in Australia Alfredo Ferreira said he thought programmes because of the shooting, as in ties between Indonesia and the EC over the voyage was essential. expected to resume development assistance. East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992. Page 17. the increasingly divisive issue of human CARRASCALAO "We don't have jobs for them. It creates rights. political problems and security problems BLAMES APODETI (REUTER) also." CANADIAN SOUL- The governor said many wanted to go Reuter, Dili, East Timor, Jonathan SEARCHING ON TIMOR (ETAN) back to the countryside but lacked the Thatcher, Jan 30 - The governor of East means. "I believe in Dili we can cut the Timor has accused rightwing extremists population to about 80,000...it's far better if Seems to be some soul-searching going on backed by influential military officers of among academics and administrators at they can go back to their villages." inciting last November's army massacre in Carrascalao complained that he lacked the some of the Canadian universities which the Indonesian-ruled territory. have had ongoing research or aid projects power to improve the lot of the East Mario Viegas Carrascalao blamed the Timorese, the poorest of Indonesians with for some time in Indonesia. Most Canadian Apodeti group, which backs Indonesian rule aid is centered in eastern Indonesia (IBT, an average per capita annual income of under over the former Portuguese colony. 200 dollars compared to over 500 for the Indonesian Bagian Timur) which from the "They created the situation and of course Indonesian government point of view em- rest of the country. they were working together with some "I'm only a sort of coordinator...we need braces East Timor (Timtim, Timor Timur). individuals in the army," said Carrascalao, Sure doesn't seem to be that much soul- more decision-making power," he said. "We who was appointed by Jakarta. create expectations but we can't fill them." searching going on here in the US, though. "They couldn't do this without the Somebody please bring me up to date if backing of someone with power," he said, KOOIJMANS TORTURE that's not quite on target. noting widespread speculation that a mid- John dle-ranking officer with powerful political REPORT connections was involved. Summary report from ETAN/Canada, "Why is it that those who know who is Comment: The UN Special Rapporteur re- discovers the obvious. But now that it has January 28: directly involved do nothing?" he told Reuters in an interview on Wednesday. become an "official" finding, perhaps more Senate News, Guelph University Carrascalao also disclosed plans to shift a attention will be paid to it. Torture reports (Ontario, Canada). Date: 16 Jan. 1992. third of the population of Dili back to their often appear in the Indonesian press, Comment: pressure is growing on Canadian villages, saying overcrowding in the capital sometimes explicitly as such (siksaan), universities to re-examine their acceptance contributed to the November 12 shooting. sometimes as brutality (penganiayaan). Like of "development" projects in Indonesia. The The governor, appointed nine years ago, corruption, almost everybody knows the University of Toronto previously declined to urged further action over the killings to win Indonesian Armed Forces (ABRI, includes accept a grant from the Canadian the trust of the Timorese, especially by the Police) do it. International Development Agency for work punishing those soldiers responsible. -TFI in Indonesia, on the grounds of the East Carrascalao also called for an inquiry into Timor situation. A divestment project has reports of large-scale executions by the U.N. REPORT TELLS OF TORTURE recently been initiated by professors at army soon after the shooting. The military PRACTICES IN INDONESIA (ips) Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, B.C. denies the charges. The University of Guelph has now de- While life in Dili has returned to normal Lisbon, jan 28 (ips) -- Torture practices cided to implement a full external peer re- on the surface, residents say people are still are still be carried out by Indonesian se- view of the Sulawesi Regional Development terrified of the army. curity forces, "particularly in cases consid- Project, the largest Canadian university Carrascalao accused Apodeti members of ered threatening for the security of the project in Indonesia. According to the being behind continued threats to his life, of state" says a report of the U.N. commission University, "The overall goal of this project once terrorising his daughter and of killing for human rights, made public here Tuesday. is to assist the Government of Indonesia to three of his dogs. This conclusion, reached by Dutchman improve the standard of living and quality of "But I don't think they are brave enough peter Koojimans, the united nations envoy life for rural people in selected areas of the to kill me." to Indonesia and the annexed territory of four provinces of the Island of Sulawesi." He quoted East Timor's new military East Timor, is part of the general report Members of the university community, commander Brigadier-General Theo Syafei, presented to the 48th session of the com- particularly Philosophy Professor John who took over this month, as saying he mission on human rights, which opened McMurtrey and the student-based Ontario would not tolerate Apodeti. Monday in Geneva. Public Interest Research Group, have been Anti-Indonesian demonstrations will also The text of the document was made pushing Guelph for several to consider re- be banned. known Tuesday by the Portuguese interna- moving the legitimacy it lends to the gov- "He (Syafei) told me that he is going to tional affairs analyst, Adelino Gomes. ernment of Indonesia by the Sulawesi pro- be tougher. I agree with him," Carrascalao Koojimans spent a total of 11 days in ject. said. Djakarta, the Indonesian capital, and Dili, A peer review, considering questions of The governor said residents had moved to the capital of the former Portuguese colony the environment and human rights as well as the safety of the capital over the past 16 invaded by Indonesia when it obtained its "possible violation of standards of academic years as Indonesian troops battled inde- independence in 1975. that invasion resulted freedom by ... cooperation or compliance pendence-seeking Fretilin guerrillas in the in the deaths of 210,000 citizens of East with the policies of the host government." countryside. But now it was Dili that had Timor, out of a total population at that time Two of the three reviewers have been become dangerous. of 650,000. A Dutch jurist in East Timor said it was named: Meyer Brownstone, formerly of Some 124,000 of East Timor's 750,000 OXFAM Canada and the University of people live in Dili, a five-fold increase since difficult for a judge to determine whether or Toronto and Clovis Demers, vice-president 1975. not torture does take place "since the in- of the Montreal-based Centre for Human "Nobody saw the bad consequences of vestigation is based only on police reports Rights and Democratic Development. this. One of the consequences was the and the local judge is prevented from car- Twelfth of November," Carrascalao said. rying out investigations of his own". But Koojimans privately interviewed persons who "recounted in detail exactly how they were tortured". Page 18. East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992.

Among those he interviewed were Justina to visit the local hospital "in order to any solution to the problem of East Timor Moniz, Adao da Purificacao, Agostinho express sympathy with the wounded." against the will of the Timorese themselves. Pereira Martins, Acacio Martins, Carlos da "This request was refused, with the ex- The appeals of the generals in Jakarta - Purificacao and Abilio Mesquita - three of planation that a visit by the Special "separatists should give up" - can only lead whom claimed they were tortured, while the Rapporteur to the wounded would be inter- to loss of life and time. It has therefore others said they were only interrogated. preted as a United Nations endorsement of become crucial to bring pressure to bear on However, maintained Koojimans, "all of anti-government forces and could lead to the Indonesian regime to sit at the them appeared frightened, and some were more rioting," his report says. negotiating table and hold "talks without afraid they would be arrested and tortured" His meeting with the commander was to pre-conditions", under the auspices of the after he left Dili (November 13). be followed by another with law officials, United Nations, with all the interested The illegal arrests effected by the then a lunch hosted by the general. He does parties: representatives of the Timorese Indonesian security forces "are far from not say whether the lunch went ahead as People, Portugal and Indonesia, as has been being exceptional, despite the fact that the planned. proposed by the National Executive of the arbitrary power exercised by these forces Maubere Resistance (CNRM). has been restricted," noted Koojimans. NEW WAVE OF TIMORESE For this objective to be achieved more "Torture is rather more frequently carried ARRESTS (AFP) rapidly, other measures capable of more out when the prisoner is held incom- immediate impact will be necessary: municado, though this type of detention is AFP, Sydney, Jan 30 - Another 100 East - an embargo on arms sales to the Indonesian formally prohibited by Indonesian law," he Timorese, accused of being Fretilin guerrilla regime, thus putting into practice said, adding: "there are no ways of pre- sympathisers, have been rounded up by resolutions passed by both the European venting these illegal arrests." Indonesian troops following the arrest of a Parliament and the Parliamentary This is partly due to the "kuhap" system high-ranking rebel last week, Fretilin claimed Assembly of the Council of Europe - the (the Indonesian criminal code), "which here Thursday. arms which mowed down the defenseless virtually empowers the police (to exercise) He said a wave of arrests had followed in Santa Cruz were from the USA (or unrestricted and uncontrolled power during Jose Da Costa's seizure in the capital Dili made under US licence) as was clearly the first phase of an investigation," noted last Thursday. shown in the video of the massacre, Koojimans. Ferreira said many Fretilin members have - a blocking of economic aid to the regime - "The fact that the police has complete been arrested in crackdowns by the as was called for in April 1990 by control over the first 20 days of detention authorities following the November 12 army Indonesia's own human rights organiza- makes it unlikely for a prisoner to present massacre of civilians in Dili in which tions - "Stop IGGI aid until we have de- denunciations of torture, since it generally estimates of the death toll range from 50 to mocracy" they told Minister Jan Pronk takes place during this stage," the report 200. (Dutch Minister for Economic stated. Cooperation and chairman of IGGI, the While Koojimans' was in Dili, more than PROPOSAL FOR A Inter-Governmental Group on 100 supporters attending a November 12 Indonesia). ceremony in commemoration of Timorese CONVENTION ON EAST independence were reportedly killed. ac- TIMOR (CDPM) 3. TIMING AND VENUE cording to the opposition party, the death From CDPM, Jan 31, 1992 The CET will take place in Lisbon, over count was 183, although Indonesian presi- the weekend of 14 and 15 March 1992. dent, Gen. Elias Suharto put the official 1. INTRODUCTION This date has been chosen because it count at 52. comes after one event which is likely to be Koojimans said he was "forced" to in- The attention of the world has been significant in the development of the East clude in the report feelings of "perplexity drawn to the problem of East Timor by the Timor issue - the meeting of the UN and disappointment" for not being informed events which took place on 12 November at Commission on Human Rights in Geneva immediately by the military authorities of Santa Cruz cemetery, Dili, and which were from 27/1 to 6/3 - and another which it is the incidents of November 12. witnessed and broadcast by professional hoped will also be significant - the annual Koojimans Kept in Dark (Reuter) journalists. IGGI meeting, which will take place at the The wave of reaction to the brutal be- Hague in early June. Reuter, Geneva, Philippe Naughton, Jan haviour on the part of the occupying 30 - A U.N. human rights investigator who Indonesian authorities, put pressure on the 4. PROVISIONAL PROGRAMME was in the East Timor capital Dili during an world powers to condemn the Jakarta gov- The CET will be based around three main army massacre there in November said he ernment, leading in some cases to the partial themes, organized in panels: was initially kept in the dark about it by suspension of economic aid and threats of - Panel 1: +East Timot in the light of inter- Indonesian officials. this being reviewed. national law: roads to self- determina- Peter Kooijmans, a U.N. Special This movement, for both cultural and tion;; Rapporteur into reported human rights historical reasons, had particular force in abuses in the former Portuguese colony - Panel 2: +The Indonesian regime and Portugal, effecting a wide cross-section of human rights violations;; annexed by Jakarta in 1975, said he was on the public at large and young people in his way to lunch with the local military particular. - Panel 3: +Human rights, economic aid and commander when the killings took place, For these sentiments to be translated into the principle of non- interference in the and therefore did not witness them. a framework of action, at both national and state 'sinternal affairs;; In a report released this week to the international level, a group of Portuguese The provisional program is as follows: United Nations Human Rights Commission, organizations have put forward the idea of 1. Opening session, with an introduction by Kooijmans said Indonesian officials kept the holding of a Convention on East Timor the organizing committee and con- him in the dark about the killings until "a (CET) tributions from some of the participating very late moment." speakers; 2. OBJECTIVES Kooijmans says the Indonesians turned 2. Panel discussion on the themes, each down a request as he was he was leaving the This initiative subscribes to the increas- being led by specialists in that area and Indonesian-ruled territory the following day ing general conviction that there cannot be by members of the organizing committee; East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992. Page 19.

3. Plenary session to present conclusions According to reports smuggled to CARRASCALAO and agree the final document of the Timorese refugee communities in Australia Convention; and Austria, the demonstrators, about 4,000 SURRENDER CALL (UPI) 4. Public closing ceremony. strong, were part of a procession walking to the grave of pro-independence activist UPI, Jakarta, Jan 31 - The governor of From the discussion around each theme, East Timor Friday called on separatist it is intended that a proposal for action will Sebastiao Gomes, who had been killed by soldiers two weeks earlier. guerillas Friday to come out of hiding. be set out, and that this should be as broad- Mario Viegas Carrascalao also warned based as possible. Although the incident drew widespread international condemnation, its aftermath East Timorese not to listen to foreign radio 5. PARTICIPANTS went unreported abroad. About 80 protest- accounts of the international outcry over the ers arrested after the incident were taken to Dili massacre Nov. 12 when Indonesian It is hoped that the Convention will in- troops opened fire on independence clude participation from: a dry river bed and outside the capital. They were ordered to strip and dig their own demonstrators, killing dozens. - Portuguese and international organizations Carrascalao said the guerillas should come involved in solidarity work which graces before being shot, says Webster. Denys Laliberte, an external affairs out of hiding in the jungle and help with the defends the legitimate interests of the development of the province, joining their people of East Timor; spokesperson, says the Canadian govern- ment is unaware of the later incident, but families who have accepted East Timor's - organizations and figures who, through pointed out that external affairs minister bloody annexation by Indonesia 17 years their knowledge and experience of human Barbara McDougall has asked for a meeting ago. rights issues and the defence of peoples, in Ottawa with Indonesian foreign minister "I am calling them to return and stop can lead to a better understanding and Ali Alatas to discuss human rights abuses in wandering in the jungle without aim, because presentation of the issue in the current Indonesia. there is much to be done to develop East international arena; Laliberte noted that Indonesia has issued Timor," he said. - organizations and figures who, through an interim report of the National He said the foreign radio broadcasts from their international standing and position, Commission of Inquiry into the incident and Portugal, Australia and the Netherlands can give an additional dimension and that president Suharto has publicly should be ignored. The reports were "only momentum to the tackling of the East apologized to the families of the victims. interested in cheating and misleading the Timor problem. The president has also fired two army gen- people by telling lies and nonsenses," he - Timorese nationalist organizations. erals said to be responsible for the shoot- said. ings. "We know there are different numbers XANANA SURRENDER coming from different sources, but the fact IMMINENT? (AFP) CANADA KEEPS remains the government of Indonesia is ON HEDGING taking responsibility," says Laliberte. AFP, Jakarta, Jan 31 - Indonesian se- A spokesperson for the Indonesian con- curity forces say they know the hiding place NOW Magazine (Toronto, Canada), Jan. sulate in Toronto declined to comment on of Xanana Gusmao, commander of the 30-Feb. 5, 1992. Comment: as printed. the incidents, pointing instead to the report Fretilin separatist movement in East Timor, Canada continues to have "no knowledge" of of the National Commission. the Jakarta Post newspaper reported Be-Mussi massacre last Nov. 15, although it -- Enzo di Matteo Friday. was contained in the Canadian Council of Quoting an unidentified security official, Churches Human Rights in Asia report OZ “FOUR CORNERS” it said his lair was now known following the presented to External Affairs a week ago, questioning of his deputy, Jose da Costa, and has been raised in media interviews with PROGRAMME ON EAST who was arrested last week. External officials several times (twice by TIMOR INCIDENT Gusmao, in hiding for the past 16 years, NOW Magazine). was in poor health and expected to give Australia's controversial current affairs himself up soon, the official said. TIMOR JOURNALIST FIRED TV program, Four Corners, starts its 1992 A Fretilin spokesman in Darwin, (ETAN/CANADA) season with a report on the state of affairs Australia, said Thursday that the Indonesian in East Timor. security forces had arrested 100 people in Three journalists of the popular This program is made by the Goverment East Timor since Da Costa's arrest, but this Indonesian weekly Jakarta Jakarta have been Broadcaster, the ABC, and has a reputation has not been confirmed by the authorities. fired for reporting on anti-government for courageous journalism (both politically demonstrations that ended in the shooting and personally). It has prompted at least Fretilin Denies imminent Xanana sur- deaths of an estimated 200 unarmed one Royal Commission of Inquiry. The render (Reuter) protesters in Indonesian-occupied East program on the bombing of the Greenpeace Reuter, Sydney, Feb. 3 - Australian Timor last November 12. vessel in New Zealand was shown repeat- members of the East Timor rebel group, The Toronto-based East Timor Alert edly on French TV, influencing public Fretilin, battling Indonesian rule of the Network (ETAN) says the whereabouts of opinion there towards their secret service. former Portuguese territory, cast doubt on the three, Seno Gumira Ajidarma, Usep For those in Australia, Four Corners will Monday on reports their guerrilla leader was Hermawan and J.J. Waskito Trisnoadi, are be shown on ABC-TV on Monday night, ill and would surrender. unknown, but their firing has been con- Feb 3rd, at 8:30, and repeated the following On Friday, the Jakarta Post newspaper, firmed by the Committee for the Protection day at 1:00pm. Monday night's "Lateline" quoting Indonesian officials, reported that of Journalists and Asia Watch in the U.S. (ABC, 10:30pm) also looks into the issue. guerrilla leader Xanana Gusmao was ill, "This is just one in a long string of human troops had pinpointed his hideout and he rights abuses," said David Webster, an would soon surrender. ETAN spokesperson. "It's like this in East But Fretilin spokesman Alfreido Ferreira Timor all the time. There's a real crackdown said Gusmao smuggled a detailed report on by the Indonesian military on any kind of the guerrillas' actions out of East Timor two dissent." weeks ago. Page 20. East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992.

"They can fabricate all the lies they want, The letter points out that the bush ad- REPORT FROM EAST TIMOR there is no indication (that he is ill)," ministration was implacable with regard to Ferreira said from Darwin. iraq's invasion of Kuwait in Aug. 199o, but ACTION NETWORK / U.S. "Xanana has repeatedly said he will not that "he has done nothing about Timor, surrender, this is just part of the psycho- which shows that there is a double standard East Timor Action Network - U.S. logical war. It's pure Indonesian propa- when it comes to respect for human rights Box 1182, White Plains, NY 10602 USA ganda." and territorial violations." Tel. (914)428-7299 fax:(914)428-7383 Fretilin spokeswoman Ines Almeida said Ramos-Horta also called Britain's criti- email: [email protected] in Sydney Gusmao's report spoke of good cism of Jakarta "very positive although January 31, 1992 progress in the guerrilla campaign and timid." Dear Friend: detailed a reorganisation of the clandestine Last Tuesday, Britain called on the Thanks for your continuing support of support network. Indonesian government to respect interna- the Timorese people. This letter includes a She said photographs enclosed with the tional law which protects "the legitimate report on our new network, some sugges- report showed Gusmao and his colleagues to interests and aspirations of the Timorese tions for action, and a few recent articles. be in good health. people." Please pass it on to anyone who might be "The resistance suffered a very big loss in "British diplomacy was very much pres- interested. the November 12 massacre," Almeida said. sured by a Yorkshire television programme Last Sunday, we had the initial meeting "A lot of our people in the clandestine which showed November's massacre of 183 of ETAN/US, a U.S.-based grassroots net- network were killed or are missing." people by Indonesian troops when they work of people and organizations working "The massacre has delayed things, but opened fire on a peaceful demonstration in on East Timor. We hope to complement network leaders survived. Xanana needs Timor's capital, Dili, said Ramos-Horta. work already being done in the Washington, time to evaluate the situation. The (rebel) A delegation of 100 students from 19 Catholic, academic and media communities army was not affected by the massacre. He nationalities are in February expected to with an additional movement of activists said the offensive has been boosted...and the place floral wreathes on the graves of the who can educate and organize other network is being rebuilt," Almeida said. victims of the November massacre. constituencies. Many people have re- last week the Portuguese ship 'lusitania sponded positively, showing that this in- FORMER PORTUGUESE expresso' sailed from Lisbon to Dili with a itiative is needed and possible. If East Timor LEADERS APPEAL stopover in Darwin, Australia, where, on is ever to be free, the time to act is now. Feb. 27, it plans to take the students on The next meeting will be on Sunday, TO THE U.S. (IPS) board. February 9, at 1:00 pm at 339 Lafayette According to Ramos-Horta, the trip will Street, New York, NY. The closest subway Lisbon, jan 30 (ips) -- two former be "very positive in terms of international stations are Bleecker St. (#6 train) or Portuguese presidents have sent a letter to reactions." Broadway- Lafayette (D and F trains). U.S. president George Bush denouncing Indonesian armed forces commander, gen. A dozen people from five states came to human rights violations in East Timor by T. Sutrisno, called the initiative "a the January 26 meeting, sharing a wide range the Indonesian government, exiled Timorese Portuguese provocation." of activities and expertise. Among the leader Jose Ramos-Horta said Thursday. Sutrisno, considered the number-two man events reported: Ramos-Horta told ips in a telephone in- in the regime and likely successor to Gen. * A public forum at Cornell University terview from Australia that the letter "will Elias Suharto, announced that the 'lusitania drew over 200 people, and other meetings in have a strong impact". expresso' will not be allowed to enter Westchester (NY), Central NJ, Columbia He observed that U.S. public opinion "is Indonesian territorial waters. University, Ottawa, and elsewhere have also very sensitive to its government's partici- While the initiative does not have formal been very effective. pation and responsibility in things that in- Portuguese government support, Lisbon * A meeting with the President of the volve support of dictatorships who kill, considers Timor's territorial waters to be Portuguese Republic Mario Soares, where torture, and suppress people in other coun- Portuguese, basing the claim on a united he was presented with 300 pages of material tries, like what Indonesia is doing in East nations resolution that recognises Portugal on East Timor and encouraged to take Timor." as administrator of the territory. stronger action. The two former Portuguese presidents, Timor's bishop, monsignor Jose Ximenes * A picket at the Indonesian Mission to Francisco da Costa e Gomes (1974-76) and Belo, is opposed to the student's trip. in the U.N. on Human Rights Day, and an- gen. Antonio Ramalho Eanes (1976-85) have statements to the catholic radio station of other at the Indonesian Embassy in signed an open letter reportedly supported portugal, he has asked the ship to return, Washington on the December 7 anniversary by 10,000 people, which they have sent to becuase if not, "the people of East Timor of the invasion. bush to inform him of the "dramatic will suffer the consequences and there will * A wide variety of networking and situation in Timor". be new victims of Indonesian repression." contacts with the progressive, academic, The letter asks Bush to reconsider "all Asked about the bishops's statement, religious, environmental, Portuguese- economic, financial, scientific and military Ramos-Horta said the prelate "is expressing American and international communities. assistance" to Indonesia, which invaded and his line of thought which is to do everything * Four hours of programming on WBAI annexed Timor -- a former Portuguese to avoid new tensions in the territory." Radio, and many articles and editorials in colony -- in 1975. since the invasion, an Throughout the entire world "there has mainstream and alternative media. estimated 210,000 Timorese people, out of been favourable reaction to the initiative and * Numerous books, pamphlets, videos, a population of 650,000, have been killed by in that sense the organisations involved have packets and other resources available on the invading troops. our total support." East Timor, including a new 55-minute Costa e Gomez and Ramalho Eanes hope "Indonesia should act with prudence and video produced by the British TV company bush will pressure Jakarta to "take clear permit the ship to land, its passengers to that taped the November 12 massacre. steps in the direction of respect for places their wreathes and to return to their The current increase in Congressional international law" which has assigned ad- respective countries after having peacefully activity builds on a strong existing base. The ministration of the territory to Portugal completed their humanitarian and religious Senate Foreign Relations Committee will "until a plebiscite on autonomy is held." mission which no one in good faith can hold the first full committee hearings ever on prevent," said Ramos-Horta. East Timor in the next few weeks. In the East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992. Page 21.

House, Representatives, Tony Hall (D- Yayasan Lembaga Bantuan Hukum OH), Tom Downey (D-NY), and Frank His Excellency Nana Sutresna Indonesia Wolf (R-VA) will soon introduce legislation Mission of Indonesia to the United Nations Jl. Diponegoro 74, Jakarta 10320, Indonesia to reduce or cut off military and/or economic 325 E. 38 Street, New York, NY 10016 aid to Indonesia. The amount of such aid is USA. * Write letters to the editors of much larger than the direct annual Indonesian media. We will research and government grants of $2 million military and Minister of Justice: [Salutation: Your provide a more complete list of addresses; $50 million economic. Research on this Excellency] here are a few. Except for the Jakarta Post, continues, and we will distribute Let. Ismail Saleh all are in Indonesian language. They may documentation when it is available. Letters Jalan Rasuna Said, Kav 6-7, Kuningan, translate, but it's better if you can. Let us from constituents to Congress are important Jakarta know if you need help. now -- even in the absence of specific Selatan, Indonesia Jakarta Post (English language newspa- legislation -- to encourage them to follow up Telex: 796 44404 DITJENIM IA. per), PO Box 85, Palmerah, Jakarta 11001, December's resolution with action. Telegrams: Justice Minister, Jakarta, Indonesia. (Fax: 62 21 549 2685) We identified several constituencies to Indonesia Tempo (magazine), Jl H. R. Rasuna Said reach out to, including peace and justice Fax: 62 21 32 1625 Kav. C-17, Kuningan, Jakarta 12940, groups, international organizations, the Indonesia (Fax: 62 21 520 0148) (Telex: 796 Portuguese-American community Personal Secretary to Jakarta Chief of 62797 IA) (especially in Newark and Rhode Island), Police. Editor (Magazine), PO Box 2864, Jakarta Indonesians living in the U.S., Catholic and [Salutation: Dear Letkol Tryono S.] 10001, Indonesia other Christian groups, environmental Sespri Kapolda Jaya Suara Pembaruan (Newspaper) PO Box groups, labor groups, and human rights Letkol Tryono S. 260, Jakarta, Indonesia groups (including Amnesty International). Markus Besar Kepolisian Jaya, Jakarta, Kompas (Newspaper) PO Box 4612, A variety of ideas for action also sur- Indonesia Jakarta 12046, Indonesia faced, directed at pressuring both the U.S. Telegrams: Sespri Kapolda Jaya, Kepala * Undercut Indonesia's valuable and and Indonesian governments. This report Kepolisian RI, Jakarta, Indonesia vulnerable tourist business. Write does not imply endorsement or a promise to Indonesian Consulates (in New York, 5 East work on all of these items, but is a list of Director General of Corrections 68 Street, NY, NY 10021) or tourist boards areas being explored. Choose what seems Prof Dr Baharuddin Lopa explaining why you are not going to visit best to you. Please contact our Network or Department of Justice Indonesia. Leaflet Garuda Airways, the bring your enthusiastic ideas on February 9 Jl. Veteran No. 11, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia Indonesian national airline, which has offices if you can work on any of these: Telegrams: Director General of Corrections, in several U.S. cities. Indonesia actively * Write articles and letters to U.S. local Justice promotes tourism; you can picket artistic, and regional media. Department, Jakarta, Indonesia cultural and other exhibits. Contact travel * Show videos on East Timor, or invite Fax: 62 21 32 1625 and tour agencies. Look up "Indonesia" in speakers to community meetings. Local your local phone book and see what turns meetings have been very effective; they National Chief of Police up. should be organized in more places -- es- Lieutenant General Drs. Kunarto * Research and contact U.S.-based cor- pecially New York City. We are developing Kepala Kepolisian RI porations which do business in Indonesia resource and speakers' lists; send in your Markas Besar Kepolisian RI and may be sensitive to human rights issues. ideas for inclusion. Jalan Trunojoyo 13 We are investigating Reebok, spice * Write or visit Congressional Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta Selatan companies, garment manufacturing, Celestial Representatives and Senators, urging them Telegrams: Lt. Gen. Drs. Kunarto, Kepala Seasonings, Chevron (which has a contract to support suspending U.S. aid to Indonesia Indonesia, Kepolisian RI, Jakarta, Indonesia to explore for oil in the Timor Gap) and until East Timor is allowed to determine its other oil companies, electronics own political status. (The Hill and General Try Sutrisno manufacturing, and other industries. An Knowlton public relations firm, which Commander of the Armed Forces Indonesian Permanent Trade Exhibition is at represents Indonesia and Kuwait in Markas Besar ABRI, Cilangkap 4 E. 54 St., NY, NY 10022. Send ETAN Washington, was responsible for concealing Telegrams: Gen. Sutrisno, Markas Besar your ideas and information. the Kuwaiti Ambassador's daughter's ABRI, Jakarta, Indonesia * Work with U.S. and international or- identity during the buildup for the U.S.-Iraq Fax: 62 21 36 1471 (Armed Forces HQ); 62 ganizations concerned with East Timor in war. H&K is also involved with the 21 37 8144 (Army HQ) other countries and at the United Nations. Congressional Human Rights Caucus; The U.N. Human Rights Commission is Congressmen Lantos and Porter should be New Military Commander for East Timor holding hearings on East Timor in Geneva especially sensitive to the Kuwait-Timor Brigadier General Theo Syafei for the next few weeks; there will be double standard.) Markas Besar KOREM 164 Decolonization Hearings in New York in * Write directly to Indonesian officials Dili, Timor Timur, East Timor August and October. who may be sensitive to international public Telegrams: Brig. Gen Syafei, Dili, East On February 14-16, I will attend the an- opinion. Express concern about continuing Timor nual international meeting of East Timor arrest, imprisonment and torture of East solidarity groups in Geneva -- please send Timorese victims and witnesses to the Governor of East Timor clippings or reports of activities so I can November 12 massacre. ETAN/US will Ir. Mario Carrascalao report on them. Future public meetings on explore the feasibility of an action-alert Gubernur KDH Tk. 1 Timor Timur East Timor are planned for February 5 at telegram system. Here are a few relevant Jalan Inpantai D. Hendrikue, Dili , East Yale University, March 2 at Lehigh addresses: Timor University, and early March in Norwalk Ambassador Abdul Rachman Ramly (CT); let us know about other events so we Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia Send copies to Ihe Indonesian Legal Aid can publicize them. 2020 Massachusetts Ave NW Foundation: I continue to accumulate and reprint Washington DC 20036 USA computer information on East Timor. Since Page 22. East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992.

November 12, there are eight volumes of control, acted in self-defence", which is we do not see how it can consider these about 35-50 pages each, including about 800 contradicted by all eyewitnesses and by trials as legal. news articles and editorials, press releases, the images of a film of the massacre. In the name of the people of East Timor, action alerts and reports, government Moreover, reliable sources hint that the that we defend, we would be grateful to you documents, translations from the Indonesian massacre had been ordered from Jakarta. if you could clarify your government's and Portuguese media, summaries of wire 4) Although this report calls for "actions" position on these two points. service stories, and other items. Contact and "trials" against the people respon- ETAN/US for copies at $5/volume for sible, no action of that kind and in par- Mrs. Edith Cresson xeroxing and postage. This material is also ticular no legal action has been taken to Prime Minister available through PeaceNet or the Bitnet this day against any military. Generals Mrs. Prime Minister, SEANET-L and SEASIA-L mailing lists. Warouw and Panjaitan, who were re- In a letter of July 29, 1991, your diplo- As always, this network subsists on vol- placed, did not suffer any sanction, matic cousellor informed us that "the French unteer efforts and individual contributions. whether legal or disciplinary. government does not recognise the fait Please help however you can, and give us 5) By contrast, at least 56 Timorese are accompli in East Timor" and that France feedback on what you find helpful and what awaiting trials or have already been "has several times been able to convey to you would like us to do. Tax-deductible condemned, following the massacre. 14 of the Indonesian authorities its strong contributions can be made payable to them are accused of 'subversion', a charge preoccupation regarding the human rights "WESPAC Foundation/ETAN." which carries capital punishment. These situation in the territory". For a Free and Peaceful East Timor, trials are illegal, as Indonesia has no We are astonished of France's silence Charles Scheiner, Coordinator authority on East Timor according to following the massacre of November 12 in East Timor Action Network, U.S. international law. Your government, Dili. This silence stands in contrast with the which did not recognise the annexation, behaviour of other countries among which THREE LETTERS TO must by necessity share this position. Australia, Canada, Denmark, Spain, the EUROPEAN GOVERNMENTS United States, Japan, Norway, the 6) Asking Indonesia to "change its admin- Netherlands, Portugal, FRG, the United (AGIR POUR TIMOR) istrative, military, economic and social Kingdom and Sweden, as well as institutions policies regarding East Timor" amounts such as the European Parliament and the From: [email protected] (Bruno to recognising the annexation, which again Kahn) Jan 30, 1992 Parliamentary assembly of the Council of contradicts your official position. Europe. Agir pour Timor (France) sent yesterday Consequently, we urge your government: We wish to have explanations on the letters to the Dutch, German and French a) not to reestablish economic aid before reason of this lack of official reaction and on governments. Copies of these letters were Indonesia has accepted a cease-fire in the official position of France regarding the forwarded to the president and foreign East Timor and talks without precondi- massacre. In particular: minister of Portugal, to the president of the tions with the East Timorese resistance, 1) Does the French government officially European Parliament, to the president of the in the United Nations framework. support the statements of the EC foreign European Commission, of the parliamentary b) to call Indonesia to stop immediately all ministers on November 13 and December assembly of the Council of Europe and of the Timorese trials and to release all pris- 3, condemning the massacre and calling parliamentary assembly of the Union of oners. for a "thorough and credible enquiry Western Europe. c) to support Portugal's efforts during the realised by impartial and independent Texts of the letters follow (apologies for the coming session of the UN human rights experts"? bad translations!) Commission. 2) The report of the Indonesian enquiry Mr Ruud Lubbers d) to call the other EC countries, the United commission concludes that the massacre Prime Minister of the Netherlands States, Australia and Japan to act in the was "a spontaneous reaction of serv- same way. icemen who, without any command Mr Prime minister, control, acted in self-defence". Is the We were dismayed to learn that the French government aware that this is Netherlands have decided to resume their Mr Helmut Kohl contradicted by all eyewitnesses and by economic aid to Indonesia. Chancellor of the FRG. the images of a film of the massacre and Press reports say that the Dutch gov- Mr Chancellor, that, according to reliable sources, the ernment took this decision following the We were dismayed to learn that your massacre had been ordered from Jakarta? government "agreed with the findings of the release of the preliminary report of the Besides, in accordance with the interview "independent" Indonesian enquiry com- preliminary report" of the Indonesian enquiry commission on the massacre of we had with an official from the Quai mission, which was judged "encouraging". d'Orsay on January 9, we request your We note that: November 12 in Dili. This report concludes that the massacre government: 1) Your government had declared on a) to denounce, in conformity with its non November 21 that it would not launch was "a spontaneous reaction of servicemen who, without any command control, acted recognition of the annexation, the trials new development projects in Indonesia, presently brought by the occupying following the November 12 massacre in in self-defence", which is contradicted by all eyewitnesses and by the images of a film of power against 56 Timorese (among which Dili. 14 face a death sentence) as being illegal, 2) The enquiry commission, whose head is a the massacre. Moreover, reliable sources hint that the massacre had been ordered and to call for the immediate release of judge from the Supreme Court, two the prisoners by Indonesia. members belong to the foreign ministry, from Jakarta. We are also amazed that your foreign b) to intervene near Indonesia to have the one belongs to the interior ministry, one massacres, tortures and bad treatments to the supreme advisory council and one minister, Mrs. Seiler-Albring, declared that "correct procedures must be guaranteed to inflicted to the Timorese by the occu- to the armed forces, can hardly be called pation forces stop. "independent". detainees", referring to the Timorese pres- ently awaiting trial (or already condemned). c) to immediately stop selling and delivering 3) This report concludes that the massacre Since your government has not recognised arms and military equipment to was "a spontaneous reaction of serv- the annexation of East Timor by Indonesia, Indonesia, in conformity with resolutions icemen who, without any command East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992. Page 23.

voted by the European Parliament and Timor and could get them more safely and WHAT HAPPENED TO the parliamentary assemblies of the quickly to Australia." Council of Europe and the Union of Udayana commander, Major-General GERHAN LANTARA? Western Europe. Mantiri refused to say whether this meant The following article was written by a d) to suspend its economic aid to Indonesia that Belo was 'involved'. Regional assembly (DPRD-I) chairman, Guilherme dos Santos TAPOL reader who wishes to remain until this country has accepted a cease- anonymous. 1 February 1992 fire in East Timor, as well as talks was doubtful. He said, "According to what I without preconditions with the Timorese know, he is not anti-integration." This information may come in useful for resistance in the framework of the United The strongest reaction came from journalists and others commenting on the Nations. Governor Carrascalao. He said the mention KPN Final Report, expected to be published e) to support Portugal's efforts during the of Belo's name in the press was deliberately soon. coming session of the UN Human Rights engineered. "These are double standards. Exactly what did happen to Major Commission. Elsewhere, if the accused mentions the name Gerhan Lantara in Dili on 12 November? of a leading personality, it will not be f) to call the other EC countries, the United His alleged stabbing by East Timorese revealed, but it's different in East Timor. demonstrators is a key element in the States, Australia and Japan to act in this This is a deliberate move to influence public direction. Indonesian government's case that the opinion and create confusion here." Belo's demonstration was wild, unruly and pro- [Comment: France is a major contributor to name was indeed reported in full, not just vocative. By the same token, he is a key IGGI: this year it contributed about US $ by his initials (as is usually the case). witness for any inquiry into the events sur- 110 million, third after Japan and the United People link this matter to the talk about rounding the Santa Cruz massacre, so an- States. Last year's contribution was greater Father Ricardo possibly facing charges in other question arises: what happened to than the US's. Guess why? court. Others say it is meant as a warning to Gerhan in the weeks following the massacre, Bishop Belo to be more accommodating. It's easy: on the $ 110 million, only about when the Indonesian commission of inquiry Others think its a test of public reaction in did its work and presented its preliminary 1.2 million are genuine aid. The rest is East Timor, in advance of the 12 November disguised subventions to the French indus- report to the President? trials which are due to take place in early Gerhan has had a long and distinguished try: Alsthom, Alcatel, Dumez...] February. Attorney Singgih said that the Bruno career in East Timor, He first saw service trials would indeed go ahead as planned. there in the late 1970s, left in 1987, and Whatever the case, Rangel's testimony returned shortly after being appointed BISHOP BELO INVOLVED? has shaken the church. Said one spiritual (EDITOR, TEMPO) deputy commander of Airborne Battalion leader: "If the testimony is true, it will be a 700 (part of the Wirabuana Regional severe blow for the church. The top leader- Military Command headquarters in Editor. Date: 1 February 1992. News report ship may decide to move (the Bishop) to abridged. Byline: Tatik S. Hafidz. Plus Ujungpandang) in October 1990. another place." It should not be forgotten By all accounts, Gerhan, a Bugis from additional points from Tempo, 1 February that Bishop Belo is directly under the Holy 1992. Sulawesi, was East Timor's favourite See. Indonesian, a thoroughly good bloke. A sensitive and controversial issue came Tempo, 1 February 1992. Apparently he had fallen in love with the to the surface during the secret documents' people of the territory, and could even trial in Dili last week. The accused, Afonso Tempo adds that Rangel told the court he speak the lingua franca, Tetum. The 'Tetun' Rangel told the court the leaked documents sent the documents via Belo because this clan adopted him as one of their own, his which were state secrets were sent abroad meant they would not be censored. 'mama raja' being Adriana da Costa Corterial by Bishop Belo. One document was an When asked later to confirm the evidence, of Hataudo sub-district, Ainaro. Most interview given by Governor Carrascalao to Bishop Belo refused to say anything. "Don't important from the point of view of his a Portuguese TV station and the other gave ask me. Ask the men at the top (bapak- latest assignment to the territory, he was the preparations being planned for the bapak besar)," he said, and put down the close to the youth of Dili -- though in what aborted Portuguese parliamentarians visit. phone. By that he meant government capacity is not clear. If ever there was The documents were stolen by Felismina officials. somebody who didn't deserve to be knifed dos Santos Conceicao. She then gave them When a Lisbon newspaper reported, on in the middle of Dili, it was Gerhan Lantara. to her brother-in-law Amarao Araujo who the basis of the document about the Accounts of his stabbing on 12 gave them to Rangel. Rangel was apparently Carrascalao interview, that "Indonesia spies November are confused. Either he ap- a Fretilin member with links abroad and on the Governor of East Timor," Felismina proached a demonstrator whom he knew, initiator of the scheme. All three appeared was one of those suspected of leaking the tried to persuade the marchers to abandon as defendants and each testified in the trials document. Security officers searched her their action, attempted to seize their ban- of the other two. home and found photocopies of an ners, then was assaulted by the crowd; or he How were the documents sent abroad? In intelligence report about the defection of went throwing punches, before trying to Rangel's interrogation report (BAP), quoted four young Timorese to Portugal and grab the banners and being himself assailed. by (the newspaper) Surya, he said he had Australia. One report gives an entirely different story: given them to an Australian tourist whom he However, Bishop Belo was not called to he reached for his walkie-talkie as the crowd met in Dili, but in court, he said that the testify at the trials. The three defendants approached, they thought he was going to documents were given to Bishop Belo. He were not charged with subversion as the pull out his gun, and he was immediately said that on 11 June, after receiving the documents were not very secret. stabbed [Tempo, 23.11.1991] Other documents, he put them in a sealed But it is likely that Jose da Costa, witnesses maintain however that he was envelope, addressed them to Jose Ramos Xanana Gusmao's deputy, who was cap- clutching his radio in his right hand Horta; then he went by bus to Lecidere and tured this week, will be a different case. throughout. gave them to Bishop Belo. Rangel said the Just where and with what Gerhan was Bishop did not open the envelop but said, wounded is also unclear. He was cut with "Alright, I'll help to send this abroad." machetes or a knife, or both. It appears that Why had he done this? Rangel was asked. the most serious wounds were to his chest - "Because he is the Catholic head in East - or was it his waist? He is also reported to Page 24. East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992. have been wounded in the arm, shoulder and eral said. "Anyone can meet him. It's just Netherlands on the resumption of aid, back. that Gerhan hasn't yet fully recovered." suspended since the shooting of East One of the most striking inconsistencies What Gerhan would have to do if asked, Timorese citizens last November by gov- in eyewitness reports concerns the actions Palaguna said, was give a statement to the ernment troops, the Indonesia Times re- of other security personnel who were in the National Commission of Inquiry into the ported Monday. vicinity. All seem to agree that Gerhan's Dili massacre, not least because he had The Times quoted Saleh Afiff, state adjutant, Prada Domingus, a member of the served in East Timor and knew a lot about minister in charge of the National Dili District Military Command, was also the place and its people. It appears however Development Planning Board, as saying the stabbed. One eyewitness report has it that that the Commission never did take evidence government is preoccupied this month with no one else tried to help Gerhan: that other from the wounded major. The inquiry listing projects for the coming fiscal year, security personnel were preoccupied with chairman, Supreme Court Justice Djaelani, which will start in April. escorting the increasingly unruly crowd and told journalists in Dili on 9 December that "So we have not fixed a definite date for did not see the incident [Editor, the Commission had yet to meet Gerhan, the talks and the time depends on whether 23.11.1991]. However, a policeman who and there is no reference to a meeting in the or not the projects list can be completed by walked beside the demonstrators gave a commission's preliminary report, published the end of February," he said. different story. According to him, "Several on 26 December. soldiers also tried to help, but were out- This remarkable fact is all the more UN TO PROBE EAST TIMOR numbered by marchers. Myself and several striking when it is noted that Gerhan re- (REUTER) colleagues were chased by demonstrators, turned to Ujungpandang on the very day who were intent on stabbing us" [Editor, that the commission began its work in Reuter, United Nations, Feb 3 - The 7.12.1991] Jakarta. He may have done sterling service United Nations is sending Kenyan attorney- Whatever the circumstances of Gerhan's for his country in East Timor, but it appears general Amos Waco to Indonesia to probe altercation with the demonstrators in Dili, that he was too eager to "pulang kampung" the killing of a large number of East Timor the next day he was flown to Jakarta for [go back to his home village] to stay in the civilians by troops last November, a U.N. "intensive" treatment at the Gatot Subroto capital a few more days to give what would spokesman said on Monday. Central Army Hospital, where he was later have been vital evidence to the commission. Waco, an international authority on hu- joined by his wife and two children. The Presumably he wasn't rushing back to man rights, is going as the personal envoy of confusion continued nevertheless. Kompas Ujungpandang to resume his duties as Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali reported on 15 November that he was "in a deputy battalion commander. The "to obtain clarifications on the tragic events critical condition", and he was even said to commission worked in Jakarta from 21 to 27 which occurred in Dili," the East Timor have died. But Tempo knew that Gerhan November, before leaving for Dili on 28th. capital, the U.N. spokesman said. was still alive and also seemed to know During those first days it held meetings with Waco, who will be accompanied by two something about his injuries. it reported that Vice-President Sudharmono, Minister of U.N. secretariat officials, will begin his at the end of the massacre, he was still Defence Moerdani, Minister of the Interior mission on February 8 and spend about a stretched out in hospital. "The wound to the Rudini, and chief-of the Armed Forces Try week meeting government officials, members left side of his chest... still wrapped in Sutrisno. Gerhan's 900-mile journey nine of Indonesia's own commission of inquiry bandage, as was his right thumb" days after the stabbing suggests that he was and others concerned. [23.11.1991, p. 22]. fit enough to testify (though perhaps not Asked why Waco was being sent nearly If Gerhan did arrive in Jakarta in a critical that he was well enough to meet journalists), three months after the shootings, the condition, he made a remarkably quick but he was not in town. Why not? spokesman said the United Nations had recovery: on Thursday 21 November, nine It may be that the commission will yet always intended sending him but first days after the bloody events in Dili, he re- meet Gerhan and include his testimony in its needed to obtain Indonesia's consent. turned to his home in Ujungpandang, to- final report. It may also be that his as- UPI, United Nations, Feb 3 - U.N. gether with his wife and children. Journalists sailants will be amongst those to be prose- spokesman Francois Giuliani said Secretary- from Kompas and Surya were waiting for cuted for their participation in the 12 General Boutros Ghali has decided to send him at his father's house in Jl Dr Ratulangi. November demonstration: on 28 December Amos Wako "in order to obtain Gerhan greeted them with a "How are you?" President Suharto ordered the attorney- clarifications on the tragic events which According to Kompas, the major, wearing general to take firm action against those who occurred in Dili, East Timor, on 12 jeans and a striped shirt, looked cheerful -- stabbed the major and his adjutant. November, 1991." though stiff and a little pale. Whether his Whatever the mysteries of his case, one Wako will arrive in Jakarta Feb. 8. pallor had been brought on by the 900-mile thing we do know is that Gerhan Lantara is Giuliani said Wako will be accompanied by journey from Jakarta or was a result of his still a good bloke. Such is his love for the two other U.N. officials, who were not injuries is not clear. Haji Andi Lentara, a people of East Timor that he bears no identified. retired brigadier-general and former member grudge, despite his experiences. (This reas- It was not immediately known whether of the Indonesian parliament, had seen or surance was given by Major General the Indonesian government has permitted heard reports about Gerhan's critical Palaguna [Kompas, 27.11.1991]. Wako to visit the country. His last attempt condition, so was relieved to find that his [Based on reports in Editor, Kompas and in December, 1991, when he was appointed son was in one piece [Kompas, 23-11- Tempo, November 1991 - January 1992, by Ghali's predecessor, Javier Perez de 1991, p. 16] (though one would have though and on the Preliminary Report of the Cuellar, failed after the government there that Gerhan's wife would have kept him National Commission of Inquiry into the 12 refused to see him. informed from the Gatot Subroto Hospital). November 1991 Incident in Dili.] AP, United Nations, Feb 3 - An exiled After this, Gerhan was very much out of East Timorese nationalist, Paulo Pires, the news -- kept out, some believed. On 27 INDONESIA MAY RESUME welcomed the move as "important because November, Kompas reported a denial by the of the lack of credibility of the Indonesian Commander of the Wirabuana military NETHERLANDS AID TALKS inquiry." command, Major General Zainal Basrie (KYODO) Pires, the Lisbon representative of the Palaguna, that Gerhan had been deliberately nationalist Timorese Democratic Union, told hidden away and could not be met by Kyodo, Jakarta, Feb 3 - Indonesia may Lisbon's TSF radio that he hopes the U.N. journalists. "Hey, that's not true," the gen- have talks after the end of February with the investigator will get to go to East Timor. East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992. Page 25.

Pires' nationalist movement fought a brief (official Indonesian investigation) is the government specific recommendations for civil war with East Timor's Revolutionary highest investigation," Defence Minister how to conduct proper forensic Front in 1975, but has since joined the front Benny Murdani told reporters. investigations. in supporting guerrillas fighting Indonesian The United Nations Secretary-General is Asia Watch also urged Wako to dem- rule. sending human rights authority Amos Waco onstrate strong interest in the trials of East of Kenya to Indonesia this weekend in Timorese now underway or about to start in U.N. DECISION TO SEND ENVOY search of clarification of what happened. Dili, Denpasar (Bali) and Jakarta. More than PRAISED BY PORTUGAL AND E.C. "He comes here as the private envoy of 60 East Timorese were arrested in the wake (IPS) the Secretary-General and not as a rap- of the November 12th killings; Wako was Lisbon, Feb 4 (ips) -- Political and dip- porteur or commission of inquiry," Murdani urged to attend one or more court sessions lomatic circles here expressed general sat- said. and to inquire about the charges and isfaction Tuesday following the decision of Waco, accompanied by two U.N. secre- interrogations procedures. U.N. Secretary-General Boutros Boutros- tariat officials, will spend about a week Asia Watch also asked the U.N. repre- Ghali to send an envoy to Indonesia to in- meeting government officials, members of sentative to request concrete information on vestigate the November massacre in East Indonesia's own commission of inquiry and the status of prosecutorial proceedings Timor. others concerned. against members of the military, including a On Nov. 12 Indonesian troops opened Murdani said it was possible he would go list of individual soldiers under investigation fire on Timorese protestors in Dili, capital to Dili. and the charges against them. of the former Portuguese island colony. Attorney General Wako should meet U.N. ENVOY ON EAS T TIMOR URGED with Indonesian human rights monitoring according to independent groups over 100 TO SEEK ANSWERS FROM MILITARY were killed. organizations, should request permission to (ASIA WATCH) Boutros-Ghali will be sending Kenyan visit a military interrogation center in Dili envoy Amos Wako as his personal repre- Forwarded by Asia Watch: (Wisma Senopati) where there have been many reports of torture, and should obtain sentative to Jakarta, capital of Indonesia. February 7, 1992 For immediate release Portuguese politicians from all sectors firm and public guarantees that anyone who Contacts: Mike Jendrzejczyk 202-371-6592; speaks with him will not be subjected to applauded the decision, favourably com- Susan Osnos 212-972-8400 paring Boutros-Ghali's approach to that of reprisals. Asia Watch said that in some areas his predecessor, Javier Perez de Cuellar, Asia Watch today called on United of East Timor, the military was continuing who was severely criticised here for having Nations envoy Amos Wako to press the to engage in intimidating methods of control ignored the killing of over 200,000 Timorese Indonesian military to account for the dead and surveillance including midnight checks since Indonesia invaded in 1975. and missing in Dili and to discipline those of houses and harassment of parish priests Portuguese prime minister Anibal Cavaco responsible for the November 12, 1991 and others. e Silva, as present holder of the rotating killings. The United Nations Human Rights presidency of the European community Kenyan Attorney-General Amos Wako, Commission, meeting in Geneva, is expected (EC), raised the Timor issue Monday with due to arrive in Indonesia on February 8, to take up the question of East Timor in the Chinese prime minister Li Peng, who is here was dispatched by U.N. Secretary-General coming weeks. In Washington, DC the Bush on an official three-day visit. Boutros Ghali to make inquiries into the administration has been put on notice by Despite a three hour meeting, it was re- aftermath of the Dili incident. In a letter to Congress that continuation of U.S. military ported that Li Peng was not wholly sup- Wako sent on February 5 and made public assistance to Indonesia would be contingent portive of Cavaco e Silva's requests, but today, Asia Watch said his visit could be on a thorough and impartial investigation of assured him he had not come to Lisbon "to critically important in getting answers to the November 12th killings and prosecution defend Indonesian interests". questions which the government's com- of those responsible. In Brussels, the EC has backed a mission ignored in its December 26th report. Portuguese initiative to hold negotiations The New York-based human rights group MALAYSIAN GROUPS under the auspices of the U.N. on the future had earlier criticized a National Commission SUPPORT TIMORESE of Inquiry appointed by President Suharto of East Timor, which would include all (GREEN LEFT) parties to the conflict, Portugal, Indonesia to investigate the massacre of upwards of 75 and the Timorese themselves. demonstrators by Indonesian troops. By Colin Pemul, Green Left Weekly Feb 4, Indonesian foreign minister Ali alatas Troops opened fire on demonstrators at the 1992 began Tuesday a European tour which in- Santa Cruz cemetery in Dili following a march to protest the death of a pro- KUALA LUMPUR - Non-government cludes EC headquarters in Brussels and also organisations here are carrying out an edu- London. his purpose is to explain jakarta's independence activist. The Commission endorsed the army's position that security cational campaign which involves showing point of view on Timor. the film Shadow over East Timor and or- By a resolution of the united nations se- forces fired in self-defense, but according to Asia Watch, the commission was "fatally ganising group discussions. curity council approved dec. 22, 1975 In the first week after the Dili massacre, Portugal is recognised as "the administrating flawed" by its ties to the government. The National Commission said the death seven NGOs held a picket outside the power over the (Timorese) territory until a Indonesian embassy in order to deliver a referendum on its autonomy is held". toll was perhaps 50 -- though observers estimate over 100 were killed -- but was statement of condemnation signed by more JAKARTA REFUSES FOREIGN unable to determine what happened to the than 20 organisations. After a three-hour sit- INVESTIGATORS (REUTER) bodies. The letter to Wako called on him to down and the arrest of one protester, an determine as precisely as possible what Indonesian official agreed to receive the Reuter, Jakarta, Feb 5 - Indonesia said on statement. Wednesday it would not accept any foreign steps the Indonesian military is taking to find the bodies of those killed and account In April, a mock UN conference here is investigation into last November's massacre expected to draw 40,000 students from of civilians by soldiers in the East Timor for the whereabouts of 90 persons the commission said were missing. Noting that campuses all over Malaysia. East Timor is capital of Dili. an issue likely to be discussed. "We have decided the Dili incident is Wako is a specialist in the investigation of Indonesia's domestic affair and that the summary and arbitrary executions, Asia Watch urged him to give the Indonesian Page 26. East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992.

AUSTRALIAN PARLIAMENT Europe on Wednesday, had not sought a has promised to put East at the top of the meeting with him. agenda. INDONESIA HEARINGS (AFP) "If he asks, I will consider his request as * A dozen people from five states met in both Portuguese (foreign) minister and New York in January to found the East AFP, Melbourne, Feb 4 - A federal par- president of the EC Council of Ministers," Timor Action Network/US, which plans to liamentary inquiry began here Tuesday into he said. raise awareness, hold activist-oriented Australia's political relations with Indonesia. Meanwhile, a U.N. spokesman in Geneva events and pressure the American govern- The Joint Committee on Foreign Affairs, said Alatas would be in the Swiss city from ment to help East Timor. They can be Defence and Trade held its first hearing after Thursday to Saturday to discuss human contacted at PO Box 1182, White Plains NY a number of high profile civil protests about rights issues with U.N. officials there and 10602, USA. the government's attitude to a massacre in take part in a G-15 ministerial meeting. Dili, East Timor last November. The East Timor shootings are on the Guelph U. rethinks aid The Australia-East Timor Association agenda of the U.N. human rights commis- The University of Guelph has agreed to (AETA) told a foreign affairs sub-committee sion which is holding its annual session in an external review of its CIDA-funded aid that Australian policies towards Indonesia Geneva. programme on the Indonesian island of had breached international obligations to Sulawesi. The Guelph programme, the prevent genocide. EAST TIMOR UPDATE largest of any Canadian university in Members of the sub-committee, how- (ACTIVIST) Indonesia, has long been under attack for ever, were critical of the AETA submission, supporting the Indonesian military regime. warning it would create the impression the The ACTivist Vol8 #2, Feb. 1992 The review will be conducted by Meyer inquiry was an attack on Indonesia. Brownstone of OXFAM Canada, Clovis Melbourne barrister and AETA member International outrage over killings in East Timor is growing fast, despite all the best Demers of the Canadian Centre for Human Citizen Limbo said Australia had an inter- Rights and Democratic Development, and a national obligation to prevent genocide, efforts of Western governments, and Indonesia's lobbyists (led by US firm Hill third man yet to be named. citing a High Court judgment last year up- A group at Vancouver's Simon Fraser holding the validity of Australia's Nazi war and Knowlton, credited for fabricating evi- dence that encouraged the Gulf war), to University, another school with major crimes legislation. Indonesian contracts, has been formed to Australia had under the 1949 Genocide bury the issue. Among the actions taken in solidarity with the people of East Timor campaign for similar consideration of human Convention Act agreed to prevent and rights questions. punish the crime of genocide and complicity since Indonesian soldiers massacred 200 in genocide, Limbo said. pro-independence demonstrators last Nov. Massacre survivor jailed He said Australia's provision of training 12 in full view of Western journalists: The show trials of some of the 37 and equipment to the Indonesian army was * A decommissioned car ferry set out Timorese survivors of the Nov. 12 massacre also intentionally helping the commission of from Portugal in mid-January with the aim have begun. On 20 January, the first of the crime. of laying flowers at Santa Cruz cemetery, those accused of "subversion," Filismine dos Evidence of Indonesia's behaviour in East site of the massacre, next Feb. 27. The 28- Santos Conceicao, was found guilty of Timor, including an alleged 200,000 year old Lusitania Expresso was brought out stealing military documents and smuggling Timorese missing since 1975, made it of retirement by a Portuguese student them to the outside world. She was sen- "difficult to see how Indonesian government group, which has launched the Greenpeace- tenced to seven years in prison after a one- officials could escape criminal liability for like "Peace in Timor" cruise to carry 100 day trial. offences under the Genocide Convention," activists, supporters and journalists to the In a sinister twist, prosecutors are now according to the barrister. former Portuguese Timor colony. trying to link East Timor Bishop Carlos * Australia's Timorese refugee com- Ximenes Belo to the information-smuggling. E.C. BACKS U.N. TIMOR munity, with support from most of the Belo has received repeated death threats and country's unions and human rights organi- TALKS (AFP) harassment since he asked the United zations, has maintained an unofficial East Nations to conduct a referendum on AFP, Brussels, Feb 4 - Portugal will call Timor Embassy outside the Indonesian independence in East Timor with the words for U.N.-sponsored talks between Lisbon Embassy in Canberra since November. Until "we are dying as a people and as a nation." and Indonesia on the future of East Timor, a the end of January, the front of the Supporters fear Indonesia is trying to force former Portuguese colony annexed by Indonesian embassy was adorned with 124 the Vatican to remove him. Jakarta, Portuguese Foreign Minister Joao crosses, each bearing the name of a known Indonesia is also considering laying de Deus Pinheiro said here Monday. victim of the Nov. 12 massacre. The crosses subversion charges against Father Ricardo, Portugal, which holds the rotating were removed by order of Australian Vicar-General of the East Timor Diocese. presidency of the European Community, Foreign Minister Gareth Evans, who said More than 100 arrests were reported in the has won the backing of its European part- the "dignity of the embassy was impaired" last week of January as the atmosphere in ners for a "political debate without condi- by the graphic reminder of killings in East East Timor remained tense. tions" to be held under the auspices of the Timor. U.N. secretary general, he said. * The Free East Timor! coalition in Japan Journalists fired for reporting Pinheiro, who was speaking at a news confronted U.S. President George Bush Three journalists with the popular conference after a meeting of EC foreign during his Asian trip over his inaction on Indonesian weekly Jakarta, Jakarta have ministers here, said the talks would be aimed East Timor, compared to his swift response been fired after the magazine devoted much at finding a "just, global and internationally over Kuwait, and forced the Japanese of its Jan. 4-10 issue to Timorese acceptable" solution for East Timor. government to review its huge programme of eyewitness accounts of the Nov. 12 massa- A Portuguese diplomatic source said the economic aid to Indonesia. cre. The three are Seno Gumira Ajidarma, talks would involve Portugal and Indonesia * Videotaped scenes of the massacre Executive Editor; Usep Hermawan, but might also include East Timorese rep- were shown on a giant screen outside the Domestic Editor; and JJ Waskito Trisnoadi, resentatives. European Community heads of government Artistic Editor. The dismissals, which make Pinheiro also said his Indonesian coun- meeting in Maastricht, Netherlands, making a mockery of Indonesian claims to freedom terpart, Ali Alatas, who begins a visit to the issue impossible to ignore. Portugal of the press, were immediately condemned takes over the EC presidency this year, and East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992. Page 27. by the Brussels-based International Sub-Committee on Arms Exports. Amnesty International -- to violate the Federation of Journalists. Parliament is presently conducting hearings human rights of their people on a regular Among the testimonies published in on weapons export policies, with a view to basis, include: Malaysia, Peru, the Jakarta, Jakarta, a member of the regional possibly revising Canada's current policies Philippines, Israel, Turkey, and Saudi assembly described the actions of a local on the sales of military goods. ACT will be Arabia. army commander at the massacre: "He shot presenting the following brief, prepared by As regards countries under imminent once into the air and the troops got down Maggie Helwig in consultation with other threat of hostilities: Canada has made from the trucks. The soldiers ... immediately members of ACT. military sales, sometimes large and frequent began to shoot at the demonstrators. They A Minimal Proposal In 1986 Joe Clark, sales, to almost every country in the Middle fired from a distance of about 10 metres. then Secretary of State for External Affairs, East. It should be obvious to any objective The shooting went on for about 5 minutes... announced an Export Controls Policy for person that any country in the Middle East [Then] the soldiers, who were fully dressed Canadian arms sales. The policy stated that must be considered to be under imminent and carrying bayonets, got down.... Anyone Canada would "closely control the export of threat of hostilities more or less all the time. who was still alive was stabbed with a military goods" to countries which posed a It is unclear how these sales were knife." threat to Canada and its allies; countries authorized. It is possible that the govern- under United Nations Security Council ment was unaware (whether innocently or Media watch Sanctions; countries "involved in or under willfully) of the dreadful human rights re- Canada should impose economic sanc- imminent threat of" hostilities; and countries cords in some of the countries to which tions against Indonesia if its reduction of aid "whose governments have a persistent re- military sales were made. However, the to Indonesia by two thirds has no effect, cord of serious violations of the human existence of the conditions should mean that say three Canadian newspapers. "If rights of their citizens." We would like to the people responsible for implementing Indonesia persists in its brutal treatment of suggest that these are reasonable conditions. them take the time to become fully in- the East Timorese," editorialized the But we would also submit that, for a variety formed, and that they consult respected Calgary Herald, "then Canada must be pre- of reasons, these conditions have been NGOs such as Amnesty and Human Rights pared to apply total economic sanctions to systematically violated every year since Watch, not just governmental agencies. Indonesia ... Canada talks a good game when 1986. We would like, in our brief to the It is more probable that the sales were it comes to espousing human rights. In the committee, to look at the possibility of the made because of the great flexibility of the case of Indonesia, it's time to put its money Canadian government actually abiding by its phrase "closely controlled." There seems to where its mouth is." own guidelines. be a sense, among Canadian lawmakers and The Montreal Gazette called Canada's It is the third and fourth conditions -- and arms-makers alike, that if we do not sell review of aid to Indonesia "long overdue" especially the fourth, the human rights "things that go boom" we are free of and added "it should also extend to Canada's guideline -- which have been seriously responsibility -- thus the rather specious commercial and trade relations with violated in a regular way. Some examples: division of military equipment into Indonesia." Montreal's Le Devoir agreed * Canada made arms sales in throughout "offensive" and "non-offensive." A night- that the time had come to end "business as the 80's and 1991 to Indonesia. Indonesia is vision device that is used to target a village usual" with dictators such as Indonesia's presently occupying the island of East in order that it might be bombed contributes General Suharto. Timor, and human rights violations in that to the deaths of the people in that village as Dave Todd of Southam News (writing in area are persistent and flagrant. The current surely as do the bombs themselves. A the Ottawa Citizen and other papers) and Secretary for External Affairs, Barbara vehicle that carries soldiers to the site where Toronto Star columnist Bruce McLeod have McDougall, has expressed her concern over they massacre a crowd of civilians recently published hard-hitting pieces about the human rights situation in East Timor, contributes to the deaths of those people as Canada's role in the East Timor genocide. but has also continued to authorize surely as do the bullets. And certainly (as in A package of Canadian media coverage of Canadian arms sales to Indonesia. Military the case of Kenya), helicopter components East Timor during 1991 will be available equipment of all sorts, from machine guns that can be used to make helicopter during February from ETAN Toronto (PO and tanks to helicopter gunships to napalm, gunships, which may be used to strafe ci- Box 562, Station P, Toronto, Ontario, have been employed against the civilian vilian targets, are hardly "non-offensive" in Canada, M5S 2T1). Please send $10 to population of East Timor. Indonesia's hu- any real sense of the word. cover copying and postage. man rights record in other areas of its terri- A government that is known to persis- ACTION OF THE MONTH-- tory is very poor. tently violate human rights may promise to * Canada made a military sale in 1990 to use components only for "non-offensive" Write to Prime Minister Brian Mulroney the government of China, which is one of purposes, but what they promise is hardly and External Affairs Minister Barbara the most persistent violators of the human to the point. We have to ask what they may McDougall, congratulating them on cutting rights of its people. The Tiananmen Square reasonably be expected to do. aid to Indonesia by two thirds ($30 million) massacre should hardly need to be Minimally, then, in order for the and urge them to maintain the aid cut until mentioned, and the continuing suppression Canadian government to conform to its own East Timor's right to self-determination is of dissent is well-known. It is also impor- standards, we ask for a complete ban on respected. House of Commons, Ottawa, tant to note that attacks on peaceful dem- weapons sales to governments known to K1A 0A6 (postage free from within onstrators and the arrest, torture and murder violate human rights, and we would insist Canada). of civilians are virtually everyday events in that this ban include at least: Indonesia, the occupied territory of Tibet. Kenya, China, Peru, the Philippines, Sri NO MORE WEAPONS * Military sales have regularly been Lanka, and Turkey -- all of them countries SALES -- CANADIAN AR MS authorized to Kenya -- a sale of helicopter Canada has made arms sales to in the last components was made in 1990. The gov- three years . EXPORTS AND HUMAN ernment of Kenya is carrying out a sys- We would also ask for a complete ban on RIGHTS (ACTIVIST) tematic terror campaign against the people arms sales to any country in the Middle of the country. East, on the grounds that the whole area is The ACTivist Vol 8 #2, Feb. 1992 Other countries to which Canada has under constant threat of imminent hostili- On February 6, ACT for Disarmament made military sales, but which are known -- ties. will appear before the House of Commons on the evidence of reliable groups like Page 28. East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992.

An Optimal Proposal used. Military hardware is all too flexible, United Nations Arms Registry A few and there is very little of it that cannot be comments on the plan for a United Nations The above, then, is our minimal proposal. used to attack and kill perfectly innocent Arms Sales Registry are in order. Though It must be pointed out, however, that civilian populations. this shows a welcome awareness of the such a proposal is far from solving all the Further, it is impossible to predict where problem of arms exports, it does not seem problems. regional wars may flare up. No one expected to us that simple knowledge of where The Canadian government has always Yugoslavia to explode into sudden, bloody weapons are going is particularly to the considered itself free of responsibility for civil war. But when it did, Canadian point. The important thing is actually to "end use" of components, and has not made weapons were there to be used in that war, stop weapons sales to repressive countries any attempt to track third party sales of in which hundreds if not thousands of and countries involved in wars and civil weapons components. This is perhaps an innocents have been killed, and in which all wars, and this is best accomplished by ext remely serious abdication of responsi- sides are blatantly violating any code of weapon-selling countries taking the initiative bility. The completed weapons systems human rights. to stop selling weapons. As we said earlier, could not exist, obviously enough, without And should be increasingly clear that the Canada is in a position to do this, and to set their component parts. If the completed build-up of weapons in any given area does an example to other countries, because our systems are exported to countries which not lead to greater stability, but to greater economy is not greatly dependent on the violate government guidelines for arms sales, and greater threats of war. The Middle East, arms industry. then those guidelines are violated, even which is both the most heavily armed and We do want to suggest that if the UN though the second sale was not made by the the most unstable area in the world, is proof Arms Sales Registry is to be effective in any Canadian government itself. And we cannot enough of this. way, it must make a point of tracking third plead ignorance -- it is not so very difficult Finally, there is only one way to ensure party sales. to track third party sales. Project that our weapons and weapons components Ploughshares has done just this, and very are not used in a manner that violates human Defense Industry Productivity Program admirably, for some years now, and all their rights or contributes to the likelihood of To the extent that sectors of the econ- information has been entirely accessible to war. That one way is to stop making them. omy do depend, at the moment, on the the Canadian government. It is not possible Therefore, our optimal proposal is this: manufacture of weapons for export, the to claim that we do not know where our we call for a complete ban on all Canadian government must take responsibility for weapons components are going, because we arms sales. helping these industries to convert to civil- often do know. And it is not possible to To the Third World, to NATO and other ian production. We would suggest that the claim that we have no responsibility. European countries, to the United States. Defense Industry Productivity Program be In some cases, it would take only a few All Canadian arms sales. changed to a Conversion Incentive Program, seconds of thought to realize where the Canada has already won some interna- and that the funds which currently go to components are going. Brazil, for instance, tional respect for first broaching the idea of subsidize the arms industry should be used, does not have a huge standing army. It is, an arms sales registry. If we were to take instead, to assist industries in converting however, the biggest arms exporter in the this further step, we could be a world leader from military to civilian production, and to Third World, and regularly exports weapons in the search for a peaceful and demilitarized provide the rewards and incentives that will systems to countries engaged in civil wars or world. It is countries like Canada, countries encourage them to make this shift. This will blatantly and horrendously violating human not seriously economically dependent on almost surely be more profitable in the long rights. In 1990, Canada sold four million military industries, which are best able to run, especially given that the world market dollars worth of helicopter components to set an example by taking the strongest for weapons is now declining. And it will ul- Brazil. It seems a fairly good assumption initiatives. It is time for Canada to be a timately create much-needed jobs (the arms that not all of those were intended for model that the rest of the world can follow. industry is notoriously capital-intensive, domestic use. and one of the least labour-intensive Israel, Italy, China, Spain and CANDU Technology industries existing). Switzerland have also been the middlemen in Additionally to this proposal, we submit A ban on all Canadian weapons sales is, sales of Canadian components to countries that the CANDU nuclear reactor must be certainly, a daring proposal. But it is chiefly with abominable human rights records. By considered as a military sale. The CANDU the daring and 'unworkable' ideas -- like the far the largest re-exporter of Canadian produces a large quantity of weapons-grade idea of suddenly tearing down the Berlin military hardware, though, is the United uranium, and possession of a CANDU is a Wall, like the idea of the Soviet Union States. The United States has, effectively, positive encouragement to the construction peacefully taking itself apart -- which have no controls on arms sales. of nuclear weapons, for any country that actually worked, and have brought the world To note one particularly grim example, has any nuclear ambitions at all. Indeed, the closer to peace than we have been for some which has been documented by Amnesty military application of the CANDU has decades. It is time for Canada to take some International, Canadian-made engines for already been demonstrated -- it was the of the daring, unworkable steps. We are in a military trainer planes were sold to Brazil CANDU reactor that made India a nuclear- position to establish Canada as a country and Switzerland. The planes, once assem- weapons state. that takes the lead in creating peace. We bled, were sold to Iraq. The Iraqi military We would ask, then, that the CANDU be should not let this opportunity pass us by. converted them into attack planes and used subject to the same export controls as are them to bombard Kurdish villages with sales of weapons. Minimally, this would poison gas. mean that the CANDU should not be sold This story illustrates a number of points to any country which violates the guidelines -- the possibility that sales even to such a set out in 1986, or any country which may "good" country as Switzerland can ulti- aspire to the possession of nuclear mately contribute to severe human rights weapons. We would ask that the CANDU violations, for instance. It also makes clear sale to south Korea be cancelled, and that one of the difficulties in dividing military Canada should withdraw its support from hardware into "offensive" and "non-offen- the partially-constructed reactor in sive." We can never guarantee that a military Romania. Optimally, this would mean that system will be used as we intended it to be the CANDU should not be exported at all. East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992. Page 29.

BITNET DEBATE ON EAS T With such constraints in mind, it is un- unwilling to go. In addition, patients are derstandable that you view the situation as required to sign statements to the effect that TIMOR you do. they are not anti-integrationists in order to Since there has been a wealth of infor- receive access to health care. The following series of articles are excerpts mation from various sources posted online In developing East Timor the Indonesian from a debate on East Timor which is recently, I shall not bother to go into detail Army also change their program to "Smile ongoing on the Bitnet computer mailing list here, but let me respond briefly to a couple Operation" from "Combat Operation". (not SEASIA-L.. Flush-right, italicized of points: vice versa). paragraphs indicate that the writer was The Indonesian Troops came to East Let me ask you a question: If I was about quoting a previous posting. Timor when there was a civil war in East to shoot you with a gun, and I said, this is The discussion was initiated on February 5, Timor and some of the parties (such as not "Operation Kill," it is called "Operation 1992 by the following posting, from an Apodeti, UDT) asked the Indonesian gov- Happy," would this make any difference to Indonesian Student named Indra in ernment for help. you? Colorado: The Indonesian government by no means About the massacre in East Timor the The condition in East Timor is not as bad could be said to have played a passive role Indonesian Government already send a as you imagine. The Indonesian Troops in the civil war. It has been said that Commission to investigate about this and the came to East Timor when there was a civil Apodeti was formed by Indonesian commission found that the Army is guilty. war in East Timor and some of the parties intelligence. In any case, they were not The Indonesian Government already take an (such as Apodeti, UDT) asked The sitting by idly while the civil war unfolded, action about this by change all the Army Indonesian government for help. waiting to be called in for assistance. This personal there and also form a special The government still placed the troops sort of justification is one often used by commission in the Army (like military court) there because the situation in East Timor is colonizing powers: for example, the British to handle all the Army personal that suspect still not too safe. There are some violence said the Sultan of Kedah asked for assis- guilt in that massacre. action from the loss party (fretilin) like tance in a civil war with the Chinese, and If the problem is Indonesian policy to- :murder, robbery, etc and that is also reason this provided the justification necessary for wards East Timor, it makes little difference why East Timor still closed for visitor. Now the eventual British colonization of Malaya. to punish specific individuals. Two generals The Indonesian Government begun to open I would not be surprised to find some- were replaced, not "all the army personnel East Timor for Visitor. There are also many thing similar in the history of the VOC. there." Theo Syafei may be even worse than development there like :school, economics, The government still placed the troops Warouw, anyway. It is a minor cosmetic etc. The development budget for East Timor there because the situation in East Timor is adjustment. is the biggest among the other part of still not too safe. There are some violence That is all about East Timor that come Indonesia. Of course now the result from action from the loss party (fretilin) like from the knowledge from Indonesian people. the development still not appear and still :murder, robbery, etc and that is also NB: I'm not a Government worker. I'm here not all the people there get advantage from reason why East Timor still closed for by my father's money and my father is not it. visitor. Government worker also. I made this In developing East Timor the Indonesian The situation is not safe BECAUSE of opinion just to add some info about East- Army also changed their program to "Smile the Indonesian army. They are there, in the Timor. Thanks. Operation" from "Combat Operation". (not words of General Try Sutrisno, to "crush Again, I appreciate your comments, and vice versa). the security disrupters." The army is frus- it is good for you to come out in defense of About the massacre in East Timor the trated and annoyed that the resistance can- what you might think are attacks on your Indonesian Government already sent a not be crushed, even with supreme violence. country. We do not mean to attack Commission to investigate about this and Even though FRETILIN may be said to Indonesians, we just regret that Indonesians the commission found that the Army is have "lost," it is no longer the case that are prevented from seeing the whole truth. guilty. The Indonesian Government already Fretilin is the only resistance, as seen last Please do not remain silent in this! November, when thousands showed their take an action about this by change all the From: Coban Tun Army personal there and also form a special opposition to Integrasi. The East Timorese commission in the Army (like military people do not want Integrasi. That is why Indra writes: The condition in East Timor court) to handle all the Army personal that East Timor has been closed to visitors: it is not as bad as you imagine. suspect guilt in that massacre. That is all would be embarrassing for outsiders to see about East Timor that come from the that the official line about how East Timor Loren answer: I am glad to hear from knowledge from Indonesian people. wants integration is clearly a blatant lie. you as someone representing the view of a NB: I'm not a Government worker. I'm Now The Indonesian Government begun typical Indonesian citizen who most likely here by my father's money and my father is to open East Timor for Visitor. There are has had very little access to information not Government worker also. I made this also many development there like: school, outside of official government reports opinion just to add some info about East- economics, etc. The development budget for about East Timor or reports in the Timor. Thanks. East Timor is the biggest among the other Indonesian media which is tightly controlled. part of Indonesia. Of course now the result [...stuff deleted...] From: Loren Ryter, Brown Univ. from the development still not appear and The Indonesian Troops came to East Could you please sign your name, next still not all the people there get advantage Timor when there was a civil war in East time? from it. Timor and some of the parties (such as I am glad to hear from you as someone The East Timorese have repeatedly said Apodeti, UDT) asked The Indonesian gov- representing the view of a typical that such development is irrelevant, if it ernment for help. Indonesian citizen who most likely has had gives them no benefit. In schools, children The Indonesian government by no means very little access to information outside of are only taught Bahasa and Indonesian na- could be said to have played a passive role official government reports about East tionalism, made to join Pramuka boy scout in the civil war. It has been said that Apodeti Timor or reports in the Indonesian media troops, and made to march with flags, etc. was formed by Indonesian intelligence. In which is tightly controlled. This is not education, this is called indoc- any case, they were not sitting by idly while trination. In the hospitals, people fear the civil war unfolded, waiting to be called in Indonesian doctors so much that they are for assistance. This sort of justification is Page 30. East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992. one often used by colonizing powers: for ex- handle this but If I or you were them and in There is also the rumor that when half an ample, the British said the Sultan of Kedah that situation may be you do not have any island belongs to Indonesian, so should the asked for assistance in a civil war with the choice. I think the way they handled this other half (or parts there of). Witness East Chinese, and this provided the justification situation almost same with in many Timor, Kalimantan (Malaysia + Brunei), necessary for the eventual British countries, even The U.S.A. police (which and now Irian Jaya and Papua New Guinea. colonization of Malaya. I would not be known as the most democratic country in Anyways, these are some thoughts. surprised to find something similar in the the world) use violence when they handle Galijo. history of the VOC. same situation (like when there was a demo Isn't that the similar line the Russian use about Vietnam War etc). From: Oliver Kortendick M.A., Köln, when they march into Afghan? Something Now some of the country that cancel Germany about "being asked for help"? I believe their loans for Indonesia because The Santa I couldn't believe my eyes when I saw Saddam use the similar statement when he Cruz massacre (like Holland and Canada) your message concerning East Timor, Indra: marched into Kuwait. begin to look at that again. They feel that It's the same old song... Injustice doesn't Indonesian government sound very much the way Indonesian Government handled turn into justice because of other injustices. like a Burmese government. No wonder they this is objective enough. You spoke of elections in Irian Jaya - but don't pressure their neighbor (Burma) on Indra who voted for what? Isn't it true that the so- human rights issues. Burmese government PS: how your opinion about Portugal called voters were immigrants who where often states that foreign media always that for long time before Indonesia inter- transported to Irian Jaya especially for the dwells on the negatives then positives. vened East Timor? and now they said that "elections" and had nothing to do with the Things are as not as bad as they seem, etc Indonesia did the same thing? Why don't original population? they think about this long time ago when From: David Kohr, Univ. of Illinois. We just have few information concerning they still in East Timor and give them the situation in East Timor - but what we Let's not forget another example: the Independence so there will not be a Civil hear by eye witnesses, human rights American "intervention" in Vietnam. War? organisations and those scientists who suc- From: joseph stimpfl From: Coban Tun ceed in visiting East Timor is terrible and definitively not democratic. What you're Although I agree in principle with the First there is demonstration about to trying to sell us, Indra, is a fairy tale - but analysis of the East Timor situation the reject Indonesia in East Timor than the we'll not fall asleep. reference to the British involvement in situation get worst, some of the demonstra- Malaysia and the colonization of Malaya is tors try to get the army gun, and some of From: "Michael L. LeHoullier" a bit more complicated than that. For the them also bring weapon like knife, grenade, Kevin Gaw brought up the expansionist most part, the Sultanates in the Malay etc. I knew that Indonesian troops should policies. peninsula were colonized individually, each take another action instead of kill people to My Southeast Asian History professor with its own justification. This contrasts handle this but If I or you were them and in (a Malaysian) discussed this in class. With significantly with the method of that situation may be you do not have any Sukarno's Pan-Malayism, how much did he colonization used by the Dutch in choice. I think the way they handled this actually want to bring under his fold. Indonesia. situation It's known that the Malayo-Polynesian From: Indra (original poster) Riot police should have been sent who Peoples spread from Madagascar to Hawaii had been trained in crowd control, especially (inc. the Philippines). Did he want all of this Hai Guys, I'm really glad that I got many of angry crow. may be use water cannon, under his hegemony? He also suggested that reply from my opinion about East Timor. tear gas, etc... certainly no bullets... The the Indians of Central and South America Okay now this is my opinion: problem is that those dictator always like to may be linked to these people. See the I do not know what is the real situation use soldiers who only know how to obey extremes this can be carried to? there when Indonesian Troops came, but order and shoot at anything that moves Just thought this might be interesting after the civil war there is a voting that done which is what happen in Burma and Timor. seeing the Konfrontasi was brought. by East Timor people and the result is they almost same with in many countries, even Salam, are agree to integrated with Indonesia (is The U.S.A. police (which known as the most almost same with Irian Jaya). we should democratic country in the world) use From: Loren Ryter look objective that of course instead of violence when they handle same situation Hi Indra, here is another brief reply: people that want to integrated there are also (like when there was a demo about Vietnam Hai Guys, I'm really glad that I got many people that want to separate. And this is War etc). replies from my opinion about East Timor. the problem because they always tried to well- they are pretty fascist too. They Okay now this is my opinion: I do not know get their goals by doing like protest etc. have no excuse either. what is the real situation there when About the Santa Cruz massacre really is From: "Kevin F. Gaw" Indonesian Troops came, but after the civil not only two generals was replace but all the war there is a voting that done by East Strategies position was replaced also. And What I have not seen in the discussion is Timor people and the result is they are agree the Indonesian Government really said the mention of Indonesia's (the gov't) to integrated with Indonesia (is almost same Sorry to East Timor people about this and expansionist policy. Let's not forget what with Irian Jaya). the government already tried to do the best happened off the coast of Sarawak many The only government on earth that claims they can to clear this problem. years ago, and the parachuting Indonesian that an act of self-determination has taken Let me tell you actually what happened troopers in Johor, West Malaysia. place in East Timor is Indonesia. Even the at that time. First there is demonstration Konfrontasi. United States government, which recognizes about to reject Indonesia in East Timor than Indonesia invaded East Timor (yes, this the de facto (as a matter of fact, not de jure the situation get worst, some of the interpretation is open to debate by some) as in legal) possession of ET by Indonesia, demonstrators try to get the army gun, and immediately after East Timor received in- officially does NOT recognize that any act some of them also bring weapon like knife, dependence from Portugal. Portugal was a of self-determination has taken place. The grenade, etc. socialist state at that time and therefore it's fact is that as soon as Indonesia invaded in I knew that Indonesian troops should "colony' was a socialist satellite, a threat to December 1975, it set up a puppet gov- take another action instead of kill people to Indonesian security. ernment which was made up of some East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992. Page 31. members of UDT, all of Apodeti (which to resort to fascist violence when it is clear wrong). Was there any country in this world was created by Indonesian intelligence), and that the people who they govern no longer acknowledged the East Timor Independence two other groups "both without a fol- see the government as legitimate. What (from Portugal)? lowing" but which were included to make happened in Kent State is as deplorable as 3. As an Indonesian, I was also very the new government look more represen- what happened in Dili, the only difference sorry about the November 12 1991 killings, tative. It was this "People's Assembly" being that violence in East Timor is con- whatever the reason is. It was a mistake. It which proclaimed Integrasi with Indonesia. stant. could have been avoided by not using those No direct vote was ever made, and in fact PS: how your opinion about Portugal that unnecessary forces. Like in 1978/9 when the couldn't have been made since a large for long time before Indonesia intervened Indonesian Army went in to several portion of the population were busy East Timor? and now they said that campuses in Indonesia, using unnecessary fighting the Indonesians. Indonesia did the same thing? Why don't forces (the troops used to "invade" we should look objective that of course they think about this long time ago when they Indonesian campuses, according to rumors, instead of people that want to integrated still in East Timor and give them were the one that just got back from combat there are also people that want to separate. Independence so there will not be a Civil in East Timor...... ). And this is the problem because they always War? 4. I also want you guys to look these tried to get their goals by doing like protest If you're implying the standard line the whole thing in historical perspectives and etc. Portugal impoverished East Timor while it not only at the Nov. 12 alone, and please Yes, but you must recognize that there was a colony, that is arguable. What can be use same standard of "terms" (Democracy in would not be a need for desperate protest if said is that the East Timorese, for better or Western Countries can't be applied exactly the East Timorese were given the chance to worse, feel an affinity with the Portuguese as it is in many developing countries, freely express their will without threat of that they do not feel with the Indonesians, including in Indonesia, because we have violence. and generally still consider that Portugal different sets of value). But, I know this And the Indonesian Government really must resume the decolonization process. does not mean that people/government can said Sorry to East Timor people about this Also, no one, including the Portuguese, is do whatever they like to do. And I hope the and the government already tried to do the happy with the way Portugal handled the Nov. 12 incident (which was also acknow- best they can to clear this problem. situation in 1974 with its colonies. ledged as a mistake by the Indonesian In the face of international attention, Fortunately, they are trying to make up for Government) is not used to diminished the what else could they do other than make past mistakes now, which is more than can development in East Timor. insincere apologies? If they were truly re- be said for Indonesia. 5. Information is a very expensive thing, pentant, we wouldn't hear Ali Alatas making Salam, Indra, dan teman-teman Indonesia. and people will try use it for their own statements like, "East Timor? Why? For us benefit (as much as possible), and the way the matter is finished. There will be no From: Anton H Gunawan people use the information they know will international conference on East Timor. I just want to make short comments to depend very much on their way of thinking, That isn't possible." Clearly, the the posting by Kevin Gaw: philosophy, and other individual Indonesians did the very minimum they 1. "konfrontasi" happened long time ago, backgrounds. This thing applies to either the could do in order to escape further action in when I was a kid, but to my understanding, Indonesian Government, Indonesian People, international circles. Indonesian Government under the late East Timor people, Portuguese, Americans, Let me tell you actually what happened at President Sukarno at that time was much Asia Watch, Human Rights International that time. First there is demonstration about under the influence of the resurgence of etc. So, I respect your point of views and I to reject Indonesia in East Timor than the Nationalism of developing nations (which hope you can also respect mine. What I am situation get worst, some of the Indonesia among others was one of the saying is that the news that we heard from demonstrators try to get the army gun, and leaders of developing countries movement - any sources should be used carefully. Not some of them also bring weapon like knife, remember Bandung Asia-Africa Conference because the news come from Asia Watch, grenade, etc. I knew that Indonesian troops 1955), and also President Sukarno in his Reuter, International Human Rights should take another action instead of kill way of governing Indonesia was very much movement, Portugal, etc. is far more reliable people to handle this but If I or you were pressed/influence by PKI (the Indonesian than the news heard from Indonesian them and in that situation may be you do not Communist Party), which were leaning Government, Indonesian Newspaper etc. ; have any choice. towards the Communist Bloc (Soviet and and vice versa. No one except the army claims that any PRC). On the other hand, Malaysia, in their Thanks for your understanding, of this happened. Several foreign and in- policies, was very much influenced by -- anton dependent journalists who witnessed the Western Bloc (British, USA etc). I re- massacre testified that the demonstration member very clearly when President AMNESTY CRITICIZES KPN Sukarno told Western Countries "Go to Hell was peaceful, that there were not grenades REPORT (REUTER) or knives, and that the Indonesian troops with your aids", reflecting Indonesia fired deliberately and in formation as if they political side at that time. In one of the Reuter, London, Sue Baker, Feb 5 - The had been given their orders well before. It propaganda used during the "Konfrontasi" London-based human rights organisation was clearly not in response to any perceived was referring that Malaysia was "Antek- Amnesty International, in a new report, threat from the East Timorese. Please read Antek NEKOLIM" (pawn of Neo- criticised as "fatally flawed" an Indonesian some of the journalist's reports for a fuller Colonialism). Yes I remember vaguely that official inquiry into the deaths of at least 50 description of what happened. at that time also there was a movement/idea people when the army opened fire on a almost same with in many countries, even of building a new united nations/country crowd of mourners. The U.S.A. police (which known as the most called "MAPHILINDO" (Malaysia- A British official said Foreign Minister democratic country in the world) use Philippines-Indonesia). Ali Alatas, on a one-day visit to Britain, had violence when they handle same situation 2. I want to ask to members of this net- assured Foreign Secretary Douglas Hurd (like when there was a demo about Vietnam work, whether anybody knows when East that Jakarta was determined to "take action War etc). Timor received independence from Portugal. against all those who had violated the law, Yes, Kent State happened at a time in US As far as I know, Portuguese left East including members of the armed forces." history that was not all that unlike Timor in chaos, very poor and undeveloped, Alatas also promised that people still Indonesia's. Governments have a tendency and there was civil war. (correct me if I am missing following the November 12 killings Page 32. East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992. would be accounted for and steps would be tion, conducted according to normal op- AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL'S taken to ensure that a similar incident could erating procedures. RECOMMENDATIONS not happen again. * The report accuses East Timorese "On November 12 a tragedy happened. It participants in the funeral procession of In view of the shortcomings of the shocked the world but equally it shocked "provoking" the incident, while keeping Commission's finding, the inadequacy of the us," Alatas told a news conference. criticism of police and military to the barest government's response, and reports of Amnesty's new report said the minimum. It suggests that the expression of continuing human rights violations in East Indonesian inquiry commission gave undue political dissent may be a justification for Timor, Amnesty International believes that credence to military accounts of the incident security forces to use lethal force or other the need for an international and impartial and ignored or misconstrued eyewitness unlawful measures against civilians. investigation into the Santa Cruz massacre testimony. * The Commission did not obtain an ac- and its aftermath is an urgent one. Amnesty It said the report accused East Timorese curate picture of the number or the identity International also believes that additional participants in the funeral procession of of the victims, nor did it seek to establish steps must be taken to address the human provoking the incident "while keeping the cause of death in any instance. The rights crisis in East Timor. Amnesty criticism of the police and military to the seemingly arbitrary way in which the International therefore offers the following barest minimum." Commission arrived at the figure of "about recommendations which, if implemented, it Amnesty said the report reached a figure 50" killed suggests that it may have been believes would contribute toward the future of "about 50" killed in a "seemingly driven more by political expediency that protection of human rights in East Timor arbitrary way." And East Timorese had investigative rigour or available evidence. and Indonesia. been afraid to testify before it, it said. * The Commission did not meet the Amnesty International urges the criteria of independence, impartiality, and Indonesian Government to: AMNESTY REPORT: SUMMARY AND credibility required by the United Nations' * Cooperate fully with all UN human RECOMMENDATIONS own "Principles for the Effective Prevention rights initiatives, including an international The following is the official summary and and Investigation of Extra-Legal, Arbitrary investigation of the Santa Cruz massacre and recommendations of Amnesty and Summary Executions". One result was its aftermath; International's 19-page document: that East Timorese were afraid to testify * Bring promptly to justice all members "Indonesia/East Timor - Santa Cruz: The before the Commission. of the security forces responsible for human Government Response", Document ASA/ * Members of the Commission did not rights violations, in particular those 21/03/92, released by Amnesty International possess the necessary technical expertise to committed during and after the Santa Cruz in London on 5 February 1992. conduct an investigation which required a massacre; thorough search for mass burial sites, full * Permit the free and regular monitoring SUMMARY exhumations and the performance of of human rights in East Timor and Indonesia This report evaluates the Indonesian autopsies. by domestic and international human rights organisations; Government's response to the 12 November Other aspects of the Government's Santa Cruz massacre in East Timor. It * Welcome international trial observers at concludes that the mandate and methods of Response political trials, in particular those of East work of the government-appointed National * Far from putting an end to human Timorese arrested in connection with the Commission of Inquiry were fatally flawed rights violations, the official reaction to the Santa Cruz massacre; and that its findings are unacceptable. It incident has been accompanied by the * Release immediately all those impris- finds other aspects of the government and commission of further serious violations, oned solely for their non-violent political military response to the massacre to have including arrest for political reasons, torture, activities or beliefs. been inadequate and inappropriate; rather ill-treatment and extrajudicial executions. Amnesty International urges the UN than preventing future human rights * Not a single member of the security Commission of Human Rights to: violations and ensuring that those forces has been charged or brought before * Seek a full report to the UN responsible are brought to justice, the the courts for the Santa Cruz killings and Commission on Human Rights by the UN response has been accompanied by further subsequent human rights violations. Yet, Secretary-General in the event that he sends violations against East Timorese. The report more than 60 East Timorese have been im- an emissary to Indonesia and East Timor to concludes with a set of recommendations to prisoned in connection with the incident, look into the Santa Cruz massacre and its the Indonesian Government and to member some or all of them may be prisoners of aftermath; states of the United Nations, for addressing conscience. * Seek a systematic follow up through the current human rights crisis in East * Since 12 November, government and the UN Commission on Human Rights to Timor. military authorities have taken measures to the January 1992 report of the Special Amnesty International continues to urge ensure that witnesses, human rights activists Rapporteur on Torture on his visit to the international community to ensure that a and independent observers are not in a Indonesia and East Timor; thorough and impartial investigation under position to dispute the official version of * Establish effective means where by the UN auspices be conducted into the Santa events, and restrictions on access to East regular monitoring of the human rights Cruz massacre and its aftermath. Timor have been tightened. situation in Indonesia and East Timor under UN auspices can be assured. The National Commission of Inquiry * The Government and the Commission have wrongly portrayed the Santa Cruz AMNESTY SHOCKS INDONESIA * The findings of the Commission of massacre as an isolated incident, an aber- (REUTER) Inquiry give undue credence to military ration in an otherwise acceptable pattern of accounts of the incident while ignoring or behaviour by the security forces. Neither Reuter, Brussels, Brian Love, Feb 7 - misconstruing independent evidence, in- the Commission nor the Government has Indonesia said on Friday it was shocked that cluding eye-witness testimony, which con- addressed the long-standing and continuing the human rights group Amnesty tradicts the official version. Such evidence pattern of human rights violations in East International had attacked its inquiry into a suggests that the actions of the security Timor and Indonesia. massacre in East Timor last November, forces were not a spontaneous reaction to a when troops shot dead scores of civilians riotous mob, but a planned military opera- during a procession. East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992. Page 33.

"It's a sweeping rejection of everything The Alatas visit to London is part of a defiance of ten resolutions of the UN we've been trying to do," Indonesian Foreign tour to a number of European and North Security Council and General Assembly, Minister Ali Alatas said. American capitals to counter criticism and calling for the withdrawal of the Indonesian "We are deeply disappointed," he told a protest that followed in the wake of the army of occupation and the holding of an news conference in Brussels, his last stop in Santa Cruz massacre, leading to the sus- internationally supervised plebiscite. a tour of Europe. pension of aid from the Netherlands, Television viewers who saw the First Alatas said the incident was a tragic event Denmark and Canada. The Netherlands Tuesday programme on January 7 will and he wanted to put the record straight. chairs the international aid consortium know that the demonstrators were peaceful Unfair reports and accusations implied that which meets annually to allocate economic and unarmed, and that the massacre was a Jakarta condoned the military's violence and assistance for Indonesia. Last year, US$4.7 premeditated and carefully planned opera- had done little to find the culprits, he said. billion was allocated. The next meeting is in tion, rather than a "spontaneous reaction by He accused Portugal of backing a smear June. soldiers to protect themselves", as the campaign. Indonesia also fears that the UN Human commission declared. "(We are) concerned that one government Rights Commission, now meeting in Mr Alatas no doubt hopes to make ex- and one certain country...insist in their anti- Geneva, will censure Indonesia because of cuses for the commission, and to pretend Indonesian campaign with deliberate the massacre and because of a strongly that the replacement of the local commander misrepresentation and exaggeration," Alatas critical report submitted to the Commission was an adequate response to mass murder said. by the UN Special Rapporteur on Torture by his troops. Portugal had been "playing the role of who visited Indonesia and East Timor in Mr Alatas should be told that an essen- white angel round the world (and) depicting November 1991. tial component of the new world order is Indonesia as a black devil," he said. Many organisations in Britain have called that violations of article 2(4) of the UN Despite saying the military was far from on the British Government to press for a Charter, which prohibits forcible acquisition free of blame, Alatas denied claims that the UN commission of inquiry to visit East of territory, whether in Kuwait or East Dili procession had been peaceful. Timor without delay to investigate the Timor, will no longer be tolerated and that "Contrary to press reports of a peaceful massacre and interview Timorese eye-wit- severe economic penalties will follow if procession...there were elements of provo- nesses. They have also called for a sus- Indonesia continues to defy the rules of cation and premeditated agitation," he said. pension of aid to Indonesia, an arms em- international law. He said the government was satisfied bargo and speedy action to bring about a The solution to the human rights catas- with the results of the inquiry and would UN-supervised act of self- determination in trophe which has engulfed the people of now take action against all those responsi- East Timor in accordance with 2 UN East Timor for 16 years, costing the lives of ble. Security Council and 8 General Assembly a third of the population, is for the im- Alatas said soldiers involved would be resolutions. perialists from Java to get out. The people tried by a military council and civilians Place: Indonesian Embassy, 38, Grosvenor who were killed in the Santa Cruz cemetery would be brought to justice in accordance Sq, W2 were prepared to sacrifice their lives if that with the law. Time: 2.30 - 4.00 pm, Wed 5 Feb 1992 meant freedom for their people, and the London-based Amnesty has urged U.N. For more information, ring 081 771-2904 or United Nations must not let them down. Secretary General Boutros Boutros Ghali to fax 081 653-0322. Yours faithfully, order a report by the Commission on LORD AVEBURY Human Rights. (Chairman, Parliamentary Human Rights LORD AVEBURY ON Group) PROTEST DEMONSTRATION AFTERMATH OF MASSACRE House of Lords PLANNED AS ALATAS VISITS (LETTER TO THE TIMES) INDONESIA FACES U.K. LONDON (BCET) The Times of London 4 February 1992 DISPLEASURE OVER TIMOR Letter to the Editor, given the most promi- Press Release 3 February 1992 by the nent position on the letters' page. (INDEPENDENT) British Coalition for East Timor: February 2 By Ray Whitaker, Asia Editor. A large number of people are expected to Sir, attend a demonstration outside the The Indonesian Foreign Minister, Ali Indonesian Embassy on Wednesday, 5 On February 5 Mr Douglas Hurd, the Alatas, meets British ministers today during February, in protest at a visit to London by Foreign Secretary, is to meet his Indonesian a visit widely seen as an attempt to repair Indonesia's Foreign Minister, Ali Alatas. counterpart, Mr Ali Alatas. It may be the country's image after the massacre of The protestors will carry seventy-five surmised that Mr Alatas will try to demonstrators in East Timor last November. crosses in memory of the many East reinforce the message of his new year The governments of Indonesia's main Timorese who were killed when Indonesian statement, reported by the Indonesian Western allies, including Britain, have ac- troops opened fire on mostly young East Embassy in London, that "the National cepted the findings of an inquiry set up by Timorese at the Santa Cruz cemetery in Dili, Investigation Commission's report on the Indonesia's military government, which the capital of occupied East Timor, on 12 November 12 incident in Dili . . . was final, blamed soldiers for over-reacting and firing November 1991. Each cross will bear the and he hoped countries friendly to Indonesia without orders, but accused demonstrators name of one of the victims who are known would understand Indonesia's sincerity in of provocation. Senior officers responsible to have died. The death toll is estimated at handling the case". for East Timor were later removed. around 180. None of the victims has been The "incident" referred to here was the Labour's shadow minister of overseas named by the Indonesian authorities. cold-blooded massacre of more than 100 development, Ann Clwyd yesterday called Bereaved families have received no news young people at the Santa Cruz cemetery in for an embargo on British arms exports. about missing relatives and were not Dili, the capital of East Timor, on According to the Stockholm International permitted to visit hospitals where the November 12 1991. Peace Institute, Britain was close behind the wounded were being held. Most of the The victims had been demonstrating US as Indonesia's main arms a supplier bodies were burnt or were buried in secret against Indonesia's invasion of the territory, between 1986 and 1990, with sales worth mass graves. formerly a Portuguese colony, and Jakarta's 290m, making the country the third largest Page 34. East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992. market for British weaponry. The improving Indonesia's international image, Alatas, making the first official visit to Government argues that none of the arms badly tarnished by the bloody East Timor Britain by an Indonesian foreign minister in can be used for counter-insurgency. shooting. four years, said Indonesia welcomed the Ms Clwyd said British aid, worth 22.7m On his first stop, Alatas will begin trying U.N. secretary-general's decision to send an in 1991 [sic - this figure is for 1990], should to "obtain the understanding of the envoy to East Timor and he would be also be suspended under the government's European Community (EC), despite the granted full access. policy of linking assistance to "good opposition of Portugal," a European dip- governance". Indonesia was not one of the lomat said. ALATAS PLEDGES ACTION AGAINST poorest countries in the world, nor a After leaving the British capital, Alatas THOSE RESPONSIBLE (AFP) Commonwealth member, nor a nation with will travel to Geneva, where the annual AFP, London, Feb 5 - Visiting which we had historical links. "The main meeting of the United Nations Human Indonesian Foreign Minister Ali Alatas said reason for the growing volume of aid is that Rights Commission will be taking place. The Wednesday his country would take action it is seen as a key market for British commission is expected to raise the question against those responsible for the massacre in exports." of East Timor. the East Timorese capital Dili on November Human rights will be raised during Mr He is to return to Jakarta on Sunday, but 12, the Foreign Office said. Alatas's meetings with the Foreign preceding him here will be Amos Wako, a Alatas promised his British counterpart Secretary, Douglas Hurd, and his minister special representative of U.N. Secretary Douglas Hurd that Indonesia would "take responsible for the region, Lord Caithness. General Boutros Boutros-Ghali. action against all who had violated the law, Mr Alatas goes on to Geneva tomorrow, but Before travelling to Geneva, Alatas may including members of the armed forces as will not be received in other European visit Brussels, the home of the European necessary," a spokesman said. capitals. Commission, but the trip could not be He said the Indonesian Government also confirmed by officials. LABOUR DEMANDS JAKARTA ARMS would "carry through a full review of Alatas is scheduled to return to Europe in policies in East Timor," a former Portuguese BAN (GUARDIAN) late February to visit various EC capitals, colony seized by Indonesia in 1976. By Nikki Knewstub including Rome, Madrid, Paris and The During their meeting, Hurd "sought as- Hague, before travelling to Washington. surances" that Indonesia "would complete A big demonstration is expected outside The EC is the only one of Indonesia's the Indonesian embassy in London today in the next stages" of an investigation under- major partners not to comment on the way and "bring to justice those responsible, protest against a visit by the country's for- November 26 publication of a preliminary eign minister, Ali Alatas. One of his aims is search for the missing and take measures to official report on the Dili shooting. prevent a recurrence," the spokesman said. to counter criticism of the massacre in East Portugal used its position as EC presi- Timor in which an estimated 180 died. He said British arms exports to Indonesia dent to block any community declarations would be examined on a case-by-case basis, Labour's shadow minister for overseas on East Timor. development, Ann Clwyd, urged the gov- adding that Britain "did not allow the export "Lisbon believes that the Indonesian re- of arms and equipment likely to be used for ernment yesterday to suspend aid to port is for appearances only and that only Indonesia and impose an arms embargo in repressive purposes against civil an impartial commission of enquiry under populations." the wake of evidence of continuing human U.N. auspices is acceptable," said another rights abuses in East Timor. "In the case of Indonesia this criterion European diplomat. extended to possible repression of the civil Indonesia's governor in East Timor has "Even if they are not in favour of going as accused the army of inciting last November's population of East Timor," the spokesman far as Portugal, the EC countries, in the added. massacre at the Santa Cruz cemetery in the name of political cooperation between the capital in Dili. The action attracted 12 (EC members), cannot ignore the KAUFMAN WARNS ALATAS ON widespread condemnation. Canada, Portuguese veto," he added. HUMAN RIGHTS (LABOUR PARTY) Netherlands and Denmark suspended aid. Ms Clwyd said the massacre was "the latest HURD URGES JUSTICE FOR MAS- U.K. Labour Party News Release, 5 chapter in one of the most appalling SACRE (REUTER) February 1991. histories of human rights abuses." Reuter, London, Feb 5 - British Foreign Comment: Gerald Kaufman, Shadow "And yet Britain gave 22.7 million of aid Foreign Secretary, will be Britain's Foreign to Indonesia in 1990", she added. Secretary Douglas Hurd sought assurances from Indonesia's foreign minister on Secretary if the Labour Party wins the gen- The Foreign Secretary, Douglas Hurd, eral election which is due to be held this and the overseas development minister, Wednesday that Jakarta would bring to justice those responsible for last spring. Lynda Chalker, were both on record as At a meeting in London with Mr Ali saying Britain always stood up for human November's massacre in East Timor. Hurd also told Ali Alatas that Britain Alatas, Indonesian Foreign Minister, the rights. "If Britain is serious, it must tell Mr Right Honourable Gerald Kaufman MP, Alatas that it must suspend aid." hoped Indonesia would search for people still missing and "take measures to prevent a Shadow Foreign Secretary, protested in the She also urged the government to support strongest terms at the massacre in Dili in the United Nations resolution which calls recurrence" of the army killing of at least 50 civilians in the East Timor capital of Dili, a East Timor last November and also at for East Timor to decide its own future. breaches of human rights in East Timor. He Mr Alatas will be in London for a day. Foreign Office statement said. "The foreign secretary took the oppor- called for the punishment of all those He will see Mr Hurd this morning for talks involved in the massacre and for assurances which will include human rights. He will tunity to raise human rights issues in Indonesia...He recalled Britain's condem- that firm measures would be taken to end also see the Foreign Office minister Lord the breaches of human rights in East Timor. Caithness. nation with its EC (European Community) partners of the killing of civilians in East Mr Kaufman drew the attention of Mr HURD-ALATAS MEETING IN Timor," it said. Ali Alatas to the policy of the Labour Party, which is that economic aid is linked LONDON (AFP) But British officials rejected opposition Labour Party calls for the government to to human rights and that arms sales cannot AFP, Jakarta, Feb 5 - Foreign Minister suspend aid and impose an arms embargo to be made to countries with bad human rights Ali Alatas arrives in London Wednesday for protest at alleged human rights abuses in records or those which might use armaments a brief Western European tour aimed at Indonesia. for internal repression or external aggression. East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992. Page 35.

Mr Kaufman told Mr Alatas that the promised that the UN Secretary-General's The official Indonesian investigation was state of human rights in East Timor and in personal envoy, who arrives [in Jakarta] at the highest there would be, he said. General Indonesia would have an important effect on the weekend, would be given full access. Murdani added that Mr Waco would come the relationship between a Labour gov- Mr Hurd welcomed the action already as a private UN envoy and not as a ernment and Indonesia. taken on the basis of the [Indonesian] in- rapporteur of any commission of inquiry. quiry and sought assurances that the Reports from Dili have indicated that the HURD RESISTS JAKARTA LINE OVER authorities would complete the investiga- Indonesian army later murdered many of the KILLINGS (GUARDIAN) tion, bring the perpetrators to justice, search witnesses to the massacre. The Guardian, 6 February 1992. By John for the missing and take measures to prevent On the eve of the visit by Mr Alatas, the Gittings in Lisbon and Michael Simmons in a recurrence. Labour party criticised the government's London. [Several paragraphs reporting Amnesty's failure to press for an end to human rights abuses in East Timor. The opening of Indonesia's diplomatic highly critical report follow.] offensive in the West to improve its image Mr Alatas last night called the Amnesty JOURNALISTS EXCLUDED FROM after the November massacre in East Timor study "biased" and said Indonesia should ALATAS PRESS CONFERENCE not be pre-judged. A military commission was met in London yesterday with a long (TAPOL) discourse on human rights from the Foreign was still investigating the conduct of the Secretary, Douglas Hurd. security forces on the day in question. TAPOL report, 6 February 1992 In a meeting at the Foreign Office, Ali UK SEEKS ACTION ON TIMOR The press conference given in London on Alatas, Indonesia's foreign minister, sought 5 February by Indonesia's Foreign Minister, to defend the equivocal results of the DEATHS (TIMES) Ali Alatas, was overshadowed by a furious Indonesian government inquiry into the The Times, 6 February 1992. By Michael and mostly unsuccessful attempt by a army's slaughter of pro-independence Binyon, Diplomatic Editor number of journalists to seek access to the demonstrators in the East Timor capital of Britain yesterday sought assurances from event. Dili on 12 November. Indonesia that it would complete its All Portuguese journalists in London, Mr Hurd reiterated Britain's and the promised investigation into the killing of including some who had come from Lisbon European Community's condemnation of civilians in East Timor last November, bring especially to cover the Alatas visit, were the killings and sought assurances that those to justice those responsible, search for those refused access. A journalist from Portuguese responsible would be brought to justice, and still missing, and take measures to prevent a TV managed to waylay Alatas at the that the search for the missing would be recurrence of the massacre. Foreign Office after his meeting with stepped up and steps taken to prevent any In what were officially described as Foreign Secretary Douglas Hurd in the recurrence. More that 50 East Timor have friendly talks between Douglas Hurd and morning and complained of his exclusion been arrested following the incident but no- Ali Alatas, the foreign secretary raised the from the conference later that day. Alatas one from the military which according to the issue of human rights in the region, including feigned ignorance of the policy excluding Jakarta report, was guilty only of 'over- Burma. Portuguese journalists and told the journalist reacting'. He repeated the condemnation by Britain to attend. He was thus the only Portuguese Mr Alatas will now visit Brussels and and its European Community partners of journalist to be present at the conference. Geneva. Observers in Lisbon regard him as a the killings in Dili by Indonesian soldiers on But his camera crew were not allowed in. skilled diplomat who will do his best to November 12, and welcomed the actions Portuguese journalists who earlier rang defuse European anger. Portugal has gained already taken by Jakarta. Mr Alatas the Indonesian Embassy asking for invita- the support of EC foreign ministers for its emphasised his government's promise to tions were told that "all the space had al- proposal to hold tripartite talks between take action against those who had broken ready been allocated". The conference was Lisbon, Jakarta and representatives of the the law, including the armed forces as held in one of the most prestigious of East Timorese. necessary, to carry out a full review of London's hotels, the Dorchester. [The second half of the news item deals at policies in East Timor and to welcome One victim of this exclusivism was the length with Amnesty's report released on 5 Amos Wako of Kenya, the personal envoy Australian journalist, Jill Jolliffe, the jour- February, posted earlier.] of the UN Secretary-General and offer him nalist whom Indonesia refused to accept as access. part of Portugal's team of foreign journalists BRITAIN CONTINUES ARMS SALES The shootings cast a shadow over Mr covering the aborted parliamentary visit to AND AID TO INDONESIA Alatas's visit. His invitation to come to East Timor. (INDEPENDENT) Britain was of long-standing. Among the Jolliffe was in London for several days other issues discussed was a continuation of before Alatas arrived and sought unsuc- The Independent, 6 February 1992. By cessfully to interview him in London. Two Raymond Whitaker, Asia Editor the dialogue between the EC and ASEAN. Britain is proposing a high-level meeting London newspapers, The Sunday Times Britain yesterday called on Indonesia to between the EC and ASEAN during its and The Guardian appointed Jolliffe to rep- bring to justice those responsible for the presidency of the Community later this resent them at the conference, but this was killing of demonstrators in East Timor last year. refused, also due to "lack of space". (John November, and to take action to prevent a Indonesia's sensitivity to the world out- Gittings was out of the country.) Hence, the recurrence but made it clear that no cut-off cry over East Timor, a former Portuguese two newspapers were not represented at the of aid or arms sales is envisaged. colony, was reflected at a press conference conference. The Foreign Office said the visiting given later by Mr Alatas to which no Jolliffe managed to corner Alatas as he Indonesian Foreign Minister, Ali Alatas, had Portuguese correspondent was admitted. came out at the end of the press conference described the shootings as a tragedy during Indonesia emphasised on Wednesday and proceeded to plough him with questions his meeting with Foreign Secretary Douglas that it would not accept any foreign inves- which he was unable to evade. A sharp Hurd. The Indonesian government would tigation into the massacre. "We have decided interchange took place in the presence of a take action against all those who had that the Dili incident is Indonesia's domestic number of Portuguese journalists who had violated the law, including members of the affair," General Benny Murdani, the been hanging around in the hotel lobby, armed forces, and carry out a full review of country's defence minister, said. trying to get in. A report of this interchange policies in East Timor. Mr Alatas also is likely to appear in the Lisbon newspaper, Publico, on Friday, 7 February. Page 36. East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992.

DR CAREY QUESTIONS a misunderstanding among individuals and managing director of Pacific Corporate was not factional. Group. U.K. ARMS SALES An exhibit, "Made in Indonesia," will (LETTER TO THE GUARDIAN) INDONESIA TO PROMOTE feature displays of clothing, leather, wood TOURISM IN LOS ANGELES products, furniture components, ceramics The Guardian. Date: 8 February 1992. and handicrafts manufactured in Indonesia. Letter to the Editor. Business Wire, Los Angeles, Feb 6 - There will be a fashion show of wedding gowns. A dinner to mark the closing of the ARMS TIE Indonesia's Trade, Tourism and Investment Promotion Program (TTI) will hold a free entire TTI Promotion Program in the United This week the Indonesian Foreign forum on business opportunities in States will feature a musical cultural Minister, Ali Alatas, visited London as part Indonesia Monday, Feb. 24, at the Westin presentation. of a North American and European tour Bonaventure Hotel. Indonesia, the world's fifth largest designed to deflect criticism of his country's It is the final presentation of TTI forums country with a population of 180 million human rights record (February 5). Top of offered in 11 U.S. cities over the past year people, has the largest economy in the agenda was East Timor where on to acquaint American business leaders with Southeast Asia. Once dependent upon ag- November 12 Indonesian troops shot dead investment and trade opportunities in ricultural commodities and petroleum between 75 and 100 mourners. This Indonesia. products, Indonesia has now become a low- massacre came after 16 years of Indonesian The day-long conference, organized by cost manufacturer of products ranging from military occupation which has resulted in the Indonesian Consulate General and toys to aircraft components. Jakarta, on the deaths of a quarter of the original sponsored by private sectors, will offer West Java, is the capital and center of 688,000 population. American business people the chance to government, business and industry. As action has yet to be taken against meet with high-ranking Indonesian gov- Indonesia's tourism industry is develop- those directly responsible for the shootings, ernment officials and leading Indonesian ing steadily; 2.3 million visitors discovered Britain's role as one of Indonesia's major businessmen to discuss two-way trade, joint Indonesia in 1991 and a number of new arms suppliers should come under close ventures and investment. hotel and resort projects are underway scrutiny. Between 1986 and 1990, Britain The Indonesian delegation, led by the throughout the archipelago. sold 290 million worth of military vice minister of trade, will consist of senior For reservations to the TTI Forum by equipment to Jakarta. Much of this was ac- government officials: chairman of the Feb. 18, please call the Indonesian counted for by Britain Aerospace which in Indonesian Investment Coordinating Board, Consulate General at 213/365-9452; fac- September signed an agreement with chairman of the National Agency for Export simile number is 213/365-1094. Nusantara Aircraft Industries (IPTN), Development, the Director General of CONTACT: Smith Williams Marketing Indonesia's main avionics firm, for the Tourism, and businessmen from 55 Communications, Pasadena production of between 20 and 70 Hawk Indonesian companies. Molly Gorman, 818/304-1166 fighter/trainer, 15 are already in service from Business men and women may make earlier deals and although it may be true that appointments to hold one-on-one meetings CHINA WAFFLES ON TIMOR they cannot easily be converted for strike with Indonesian representatives on Monday (IPS) operations, they still free other military afternoon, as well as during Tuesday, Feb. aircraft for combat missions. Other British 25. The Republic of Indonesia is offering IPS, Lisbon, Feb 6 - Portuguese Prime military supplies - including Ferret scout U.S. businesses opportunities in foreign Minister Anibal Cavaco e Silva, as present cars and Saracen armoured personnel carriers investment and trade in the many industries holder of the rotating presidency of the - are available in the East Timor battle zone. and sectors including textiles, wood European Community (EC), raised the While over 80 East Timorese are awaiting products, leather, rubber products, sporting Timor issue yesterday with Chinese Prime trial in Java, Bali and East Timor on anti- goods, electronic parts, food processing, Minister Li Peng, who is here on an official integration charges, it is appropriate to ask mining, chemicals, rattan, ceramics and toys. three-day visit. whether Britain should continue to replenish His Excellency Abdul Rachman Ramly, Despite a three hour meeting, it was re- Indonesian military arsenals and play such a Indonesian ambassador to the United States, ported that Li Peng was not wholly sup- key role in the establishment of an will welcome attendees. Dr. March Fong Eu, portive of Cavaco e Silva's requests, but independent Indonesian avionics industry. California secretary of state, will give an assured him he had not come to Lisbon "to Dr Peter Carey, (Fellow and Tutor in overview of the business relationship defend Indonesian interests." Modern History) between the United States and Indonesia: Trinity College, Oxford Indonesia exports $3.36 billion to the INDONESIA & GATT (UPI) United States annually, and buys $2.52 STUDENT KILLED IN DILI billion worth of U.S. imports. UPI, Washington, Steve Gerstel, Feb 6 - Kathleen Brown, California state treas- Sen. Lloyd Bentsen, D-Texas, leader of the BRAWL (AFP) urer, will also speak. Dr. J. Soedradjad Senate Finance Committee, warned Djiwandono, Indonesia's vice minister of Thursday that the Senate will not ratify the AFP, Jakarta, Feb 5 - A brawl in the East international trade agreement as now drafted Timor capital Dili has left one university trade, will discuss trade and investment opportunities in his luncheon keynote ad- by the director general of the General student dead and a second man seriously Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). injured, the Jakarta Post said here dress. El Segundo-based Mattel Toys opera- The Uruguay Round of Multilateral Wednesday. Trade Agreements are at a critical stage and The student died of a stab wound while tions director Joseph Gondolfo will be among panel guests to discuss doing busi- GATT Director General Arthur Dunkel has the one seriously injured was rushed to a released his draft of a pact. He has set April local hospital, the daily said, adding that ness with Indonesia. Mattel has recently concluded an agreement to invest in 15 as the target date for countries to initial four people were detained by police in Dili the final agreement. following the fight Sunday. Indonesia. The panel will be moderated by two former presidents of the Indonesia Bentsen, a key player in the Senate as The daily quoted the East Timor police chairman of the Finance Committee, said he chief as saying the violence was triggered by American Chamber of Commerce of the West: Dr. Richard Drobnick, director of the still believes that the Uruguay Round (the IBEAR Program at USC and Bruce Baker, current negotiations) "offers an opportunity East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992. Page 37. to get the biggest bang for our buck -- found responsible should be punished, the "They are political prisoners," he said. negotiating with over 100 countries in one spokesman said. "Australia, which is currently participating comprehensive negotiation, instead of trying Matutes also called for protection of the in the UN Commission of Human Rights in to eliminate all their barriers through a rights of persons arrested and that the Geneva, should call for their immediate piecemeal, country-by-country approach. situation of persons missing following the release. It is a total perversion of justice that He said countries -- such as Hong Kong, shootings be cleared up. peaceful protestors should be threatened Koreas, Taiwan, Singapore, Brazil, Alatas said he would return to Indonesia with the death sentence when the Argentina, Indonesia and Thailand -- were on Saturday to meet the U.N. special envoy, Indonesian troops who committed mass "free riders" in the last round of negotiations Amos Wako, who is to arrive in Jakarta on murder in Dili on 12 November have so far because they were not major trading nations. Sunday to seek "clarifications" about the escaped any penalty." "They are in the big leagues now," he Dili shootings. said. "And it's time that they assumed the He said that Indonesia will "offer our full UPDATE responsibilities that go along with that." cooperation" to the United Nations. 1. 22 East Timorese continue to be detained in the Metro Jaya station in Jakarta. 21 E.C. SAYS INDONESIAN SUHARTO PROMISES were arrested following the peaceful demonstration in Jakarta on 19 (AFP) INVESTIGATION OF EAS T TRIALS November and have been detained for 80 TIMOR MASSACRE AFP, Jakarta, Feb 7 - Indonesian days. Araujo was transferred to Jakarta. INSUFFICIENT (AGENCE President Suharto told a group of German 2. Camara and Araujo have been formally EUROPE) politicians that soldiers responsible for charged with subversion and are said to killing scores of people in East Timor in be deeply shocked and upset by this new Agence Europe, 6 February 1992 and AP, 7 November would be brought to justice, the development, which carries a maximum February 1992. Abridged. German Embassy said Friday. penalty of death. Both have been charged Comment: Did Alatas really say that sol- Suharto told the five-member German with criminal offences under articles 154 diers had been sentenced for the massacre, delegation led by Bundestag vice president and 155 of the Criminal Code and police and if so, why has it not been reported in Hans Klein that "no matter who they are, have completed preparation of evidence Indonesia? those found responsible for the shooting against them under these counts. A will be dealt with by the courts," according second investigation has now commenced Indonesian Foreign Minister, Ali Alatas, to a communiqué issued at the end of the by the Public Prosecutor, under the will have a working breakfast, at his request, group's six-day visit to Indonesia. subversion law. They are receiving visits with Abel Matutes, European Community Klein said he respected "the personal from the Indonesian Legal Aid Institute Commissioner in charge of relations with initiative by President Suharto to investigate (LBH). Asia, and lunch with EC vice-president, the events of November 12, 1991, in Dili 3. Araujo is very weak and sick. He and Andriessen. and to clarify the still unanswered Camara are detained together in a cell At his meeting with Alatas, Abel questions," it said. separate from the others with whom they Matutes criticised the Indonesian are denied contact. They receive three Government's investigation of last EAST TIMORESE IN meals a day but the food is "very bad". November's massacre in East Timor as in- JAKARTA CHARGED WITH Having refused to sign statements sufficient. recognising East Timor's integration with Alatas, who is touring Europe, told SUBVERSION (ACFOA) Indonesia, it is possible that the charge of Matutes that several members of the Media Release by ACFOA Human Rights subversion is being used to bring extra Indonesian military had been sentenced for psychological pressure to bear to sign the killings [!!], according to a spokesman Office, Melbourne. 7 February 1992. Summarised. this apology. They are receiving no for Matutes. But Matutes said that the 12- attention from the prison doctor and have nation trading bloc wanted all military re- Two East Timorese detained in Jakarta had no visits from a priest though they sponsible for the killings to be tried and since 19 November 1991 have been formally are both devout Catholics. They get no punished. charged with subversion. The Director of family visits, distance from Dili being the Matutes also appealed to the Indonesian ACFOA's Human Rights office, Pat Walsh, main factor and it is obviously difficult government to provide all the necessary was contacted from Jakarta yesterday and for Timorese in Jakarta to be seen to be assistance to a special United Nation's en- "is deeply concerned at the impact of the taking an interest in them. voy sent to the area, the spokesman said. news on the mental and physical health of 4. 15 of the rest are said to be ill mainly the two, one of whom is already very weak E.C. OFFICIAL PRESSES because of poor food and lack of vitamins and ill". and medical attention. ALATAS (AFP) One is Joao Freitas da Camara who has been held in Jakarta's Metropolitan Police 5. 16 of the group have revoked the AFP, Brussels, Feb 7 - A top European Station (Metro Jaya) since he led a peaceful apologies they signed on 18 January Commission official met Indonesian Foreign demonstration in Jakarta on 19 November. when they were promised they would be Minister Ali Alatas here Friday and called His colleague, Fernando de Araujo, was released without conditions if they for punishment for those behind the arrested in Bali in November and transferred signed. They feel cheated. They want to November 12 massacre in the East Timor to Jakarta. The two are held in isolation return to their studies. The other 6 re- capital Dili, a spokesman said. from 20 other Timorese detainees. They do fused to sign any apologies. Abel Matutes, responsible for relations not have adequate food, medical attention or 6. It appears that the group can be detained between the EC and Asia, welcomed the support from family and friends. They legally until 24 February, which suggests official Indonesian investigation into the refused to sign a statement accepting that trials could commence before or on shootings, the spokesman said. Indonesia's incorporation of East Timor and that date, unless there is political But the EC official told Alatas that the apologising to President Suharto. intervention to release some or all of creation of a panel to investigate the Pat Walsh has called on the Australian them, which cannot be discounted in shootings was not sufficient and that those Government to instruct diplomats in Jakarta view of the international interest in the to visit the students and observe the trials. cases. Page 38. East Timor Documents, Volume 9. January 25 - February 7, 1992.

REQUESTS a. Australian diplomats in Jakarta should visit the detainees and observe the trials, and encourage diplomats from other countries to do so. b. The Dutch mission which represents Portugal's interests in Indonesia should take a special interest in the case of Camara who has a Portuguese passport, issued to him (though not handed to him) when he took refuge in the Dutch embassy in Jakarta in 1985. He volun- tarily left the Embassy when told by Dutch diplomats that his wish to leave Indonesia would be acted on. c. The Japanese government should be urged to take an interest in Araujo who says that when he took refuge in the Japanese embassy in 1987, a diplomat named Shirota said that if he left the embassy, the Japanese government would see he came to no harm.