Richard III Society, Inc. Volume XX No. 3 Fall, 1995 -~. R EGISTER S TAFF EDITOR: Carole M. Rike

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E-Mail: AOL: CaroleR l Internet: [email protected] OR [email protected] R~CARDIAN READING EDITOR: Myma Smith Rt. 1 Box 232B l Hooks, TX 75561 0 1995 Richard III Society, Inc., American Branch. (903) 547-6609 l FAX: (501) 772-5818 No part may be reproduced or transmitted in any ARTIST: Susan Dexter form or by any means - mechanical, electrical, or 1510 Delaware Avenue l New Castle, PA 161052674 otherwise - including, but not limited to photocopying, recording or information storage E XECUTIVE B OARD retrieval - without written permission from the Society. CHAIRMAN: Dr. Compton Reeves The Ricardian Register is published quarterly. Dept. of History l Bentley HalI

Ohio University l Athens, OH 45701-2979 e-mail: [email protected] The Richard III Society is a non-profit, educational corporation. Dues, grants, and contributions are VICE CHAIRMAN: Laura Blanchard tax-deductible to the extent allowed by law. 303 Vine St. l Apt. 106 l Philadelphia, PA 19106 l (215) 574-1570 FAX (215) 574-1571 l [email protected] Dues are $30.00 annually. Each additional family SECRETARY: Judith A. Pimental member is $5. Members of the American Society are 1248 Regent St. l Alameda, CA 94501 l (510) 421-0487 also members of the English Society. All Society TREASURER: Peggy Allen publications and items for sale may be purchased either direct at the U.K. member’s rate, or via the 1421 Wisteria l Metairie, LA 70005 (504) 837-0974 U.S. Society, when available. Papers may be MEMBERSHIP CHAIRMAN: bole M. Rike borrowed from the English Librarian, but books are P. 0. Box 13786 l New Orleans, LA 70185-3786 l (504) 827-0161 not sent overseas. When a U.S. member visits the FAX (504) 897-0125 U.K., all meetings, expeditions, and other activities IMMEDIATE PAST CHAIRMAN: Roxane C. Murph are open, including the AGM, where U.S. members 3501 Medina Avenue l Fort Worth, TX 76133 l (817) 923-5056 are welcome to cast a vote.

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Fall, 7995 -2- Ricardian Register EDITORIAL LICENSE

Carole Rike hanks to Compton Reeves for the excellent We had hoped to include in this issue a feature by one article in this issue on Paul Murray Kendall, of Mr. Kendall’s students, our own Daphne Hamilton. whose RicbardIIIis a continuing favorite with Daphne’s health did not allow her to complete an article Ricardians, if not the all-time standard biog- before publication. We plan to bring you her insights in raphy of England’s last Plantagenet king. Pictured on the the near future. Should you encounter Daphne in the cover of this newsletter, Mr. Kendall described himself in meantime, ask her about Kendalh she has many interest- 1965 as “5’9” and 175 lbs.” There was much more to be ing stories to share with you and many kindly recollec- said for him than a modest accounting of his physical tions of him as a professor. properties. As this issue of the Register arrives, some of you are Tey’s Daughter of Time introduced me to the question returning from the Annual General Meeting in Seattle of Richard. Consumed with the need to view the infa- with memories of good cheer and fellowship. I sincerely mous picture, I ordered Kendall’s book from the local regret I was unable to attend, but look forward to seeing Doubleday, and went during my lunch hour to take you in Philadephia in ‘96. possession. I was accompanied by a young man I was dating at the time who had little use for my eagerness Please share with us your Ricardian thoughts, re- and fascination with an obscure English king. searches, experiences, book reviews. Let us know what That was over 25 years ago. I barely recall the boy, but you find most interesting in the publication, and least. Richard III still occupies a special place in my heart. I We look forward to hearirw from vou. originally wanted to see the picture, but found myself reading the book, and then reading another source, and another . . . and here I am, all these years later still fascinated with the mystery of Richard III and the cha- risma of his times. The fust time I stood in the National Portrait Gallery and gazed at the original painting of Richard, I thought of Kendall and thanked him for making Richard so accessible. Kendall’s book celebrates its fourtieth birthday in publication this year. I am confident many of you share my pleasure in this kindly and scholarly interpretation of Richard III and suspect that the influence of Ricardians may have something to do with its continuing presence on the bookshelves. Many of us have even influenced professors to use it as a text!

Ricardian Register -3- Fall, 7995 PAUL MURRAYKENDALL AND T HE A NNIVERSARY OF R ICHARD THE T HIRD

A. Compton Reeves t would be interesting to knowthe percentage tion of Richard the Third, which was published by W. W. of today’s Ricardians for whom the first non- Norton in 195.5. The reviews of Richard were entirely fiction book they read about King Richard III friendly, was Richardthe Thirdby Paul Murray Kendall, E. E Jacob, who was six years away from publishing which first appeared in 1955. Any book that has re- his volume in the OxfordHistory ofEngland, The Ffteeenth mained in print for forty years must indeed have been a Century, 1399-1485, wrote in the Manchester Guardian good introduction to the subject. To mark the anniver- (13 January 1956), “This new life of Richard III has two sary of the publication of Kendall’s study of King Rich- principal merits: it deals with his whole career, not merely ard, it seems fitting to examine briefly the career of with the last two years; and it is carefully constructed Kendall and to note some of the early reactions to Richard from original authorities,” and went on to credit Kendall the Third. with “distinguishing between genuine contemporary tes- Kendall spent the majority of his academic career timony (even if much of that is hearsay) and Tudor myth, teaching English at Ohio University in Athens. The and making it clear when resort is had to conjecture.” English Department and the Archives and Special Col- R. B. Dooley, writing in the Catholic World (November lections Department at Alden Library, Ohio University, 1956) said: “In all the reams ofwriting in print that have have made it possible for me to put together for Ri- been spilled by the enemies and friends of Richard III, cardian readers this sketch of Kendall’s life. this is actually the fust objective biography.” Paul Murray Kendall was born on 1 March 19 11 To mention but one more early review, A. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and graduated L. Rowse stated in the Chicago Sunday from Frankford High School in that city Ttihte (26 August 1956) that in 1928. He moved on to the University “Mr. KendalI has achieved the of Viiia, where he took all of his best biography of Richard III professional training: A.B. in 1932, that has been written.” In a A.M. in 1933, and Ph.D. in 1939. review a few years later, in a Before completing his doctorate, demonstration of inde- Kendall became, in 1937, an instructor pendent and unencumbered in the English Department at Ohio judgment, Kendall eviscerated University His primary teaching respon- Rowse’s Bosworth Field and the sibility was Renaissance literature with an Wars of the Roses (1966). emphasis upon Shakespeare. Kendall did not As Kendall’s first book, Richard the immediately become one of the more notable members Third had admirable reception and was a runner-up for of the faculty. It was not until 1947, for instance, that he the National Book Award in 1956 as well as being picked was granted tenure, and in a letter of 14 May 1951, one of the best books of the year by the American Library having recently turned fog: he expressed the hope that Association. he might at least be considered for promotion from Two years after Richard, Kendall had two more books Associate Professor to Professor. appear: Warwick the Kingmaker and History of Land He had in 1950 been awarded the Marburgh Play Warfare. For the academic year 1957-58 Kendall had the Prize from The John Hopkins University for his three- first of his two Guggenheim Fellowships; the second was act play, “The Ant Viiage,” and he had published some for 1961-62. Warwick the Kingmaker won the Ohioana light verse in such magazines as the Saturuky Evening Award in 1958 as the best nonfiction book published by Post, and had published a scholarly article on Shake- an Ohioan in the previous year and the New York Times speare’s Troilus and Cressida in a festschrift. In the 1951 called it one of the top biographies of 1957. By this time letter noted above, Kendall mentioned he had “finished Kendall had been promoted to professor and in 1959 about a third of a fictional-biographical study of Richard Ohio University named Kendall and two other profes- III, the object of which is to show that Shakespeare’s sors the first Distinguished Professors in the history of portrait of that monarch is totally unhistorical.” the University. Kendall cannot help but have felt a vote of confidence Kendall was not yet finished with fifteenth-century when he was awarded a Ford Foundation Fellowship for England, for The Yorkist Age appeared in 1962 and his 1952-53, and the fellowship gave a boost to the comple- second Ohioana Award followed in 1963. A work edited ____- - Fall, 1995 -4- Ricardian Register and introduced by Kendall was published in 1965: Rich- R ICHARD III IN J APANESE ard IIk The Great Debate: Sir Thomas Morel History of King Richard III and Horace Walpole’s Historic Doubts on the Lfe and Reign of King Richard III, and in the same From monograph chairman Ralph A. year there appeared The Art of Biography, for which Grifliths, Professor of Medieval Kendall was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize. History, University College Swansea, comes a new addition to our research Further recognition followed for Kendall. The Ohio library: a Japanese-language offprint Board of Regents named him a Regents Professor in of Ono, Hisao, “The Legend and the 1966 and renewed the appointment each year until 1969 Controvery on Richard III,” Research when he was named permanent Regents Professor. In Bulletin of Human and Social Sciences, 1970 Kendall retired from Ohio University, to become Narato University of Education, head, together with Professor Charleton Hinman, of the Volume 10 (1995). Shakespeare Institute at the University of Kansas. Ken- dall was continuing with other projects also, most nota- Professor Griffiths explains: “Professor Ono is a con- bly his projected edition with Professor Vincent Ilardi of tact of mine in Japan and from time to time he sends the University of Massachusetts of the fifteenth-century offprints - which I cannot read though his notes look Miianese ambassadorial dispatches. It was whiie at Kan- familiar! - of his writings on the fifteenth-century. Isn’t sas, in 1971, that Kendall’s final historical biography, that it a nice thought that Richard III gets such exposure in of King Louis XI of France, was published. Meanwhile, Japan!” Ohio University, where Kendall had taught for thirty- According to the article’s English-language abstract, three years, awarded its Regents Professors Emeritus and the treatise examines three problems: the origins and honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree. making of the Tudor Myth, the thoughts and opinions of generations from seventeenth- to nineteenth-centuries; It should be noted that Kendall was not the only author and the making of Richard III’s new image in the twen- living under his roof In 1939 Kendall married Carol tieth-century. Seeger, one of his students at Ohio University, and Carol Seeger Kendall was an author in her own right. She won an Ohioana Award in 1960 and was runner-up for the 1960 Newberry Award for her children’s novel, The Gammage Cup, published the previous year. The Kendalls had two daughters, Carol and Gillian, but only the elder had been FREE U-SHIRT WITH SALES born when Richard the Third appeared, and hence the ORDER FOR YOUR SMALL dedication of the book “To my two Carols.” RIGARDIAN FRIENDS Paul Kendall did not have long to work on the Kansas campus in Lawrence, for he died in Lawrence on 21 November 1973 at the age of sii-two. In his career he We’ve discovered a real bonanza in small T-shirts had written extensively, and although King Richard III - we have dozens of them, in just about every was not his singular passion, he did a major service for style of T-shirt tbe American Branch bas ever the study of Richard. He told Richard’s story in a com- produced. pelling fashion and, even if historians might grumble that Kendall put a major issue like the disappearance of From now until Christmas, weZ include a smati Edward IV’s sons in an appendix of Richard the Third, ?I!‘-shirt absoIuteIyJ%ee with your order of $30.00 there could be no disparaging the interest Kendall stimu- or moreporn the Sales O$ce. lated in the life and reign of King Richard III. Thy make great sleep shirts or artists’ smocks fm Books by subsequent writers have deepened and made all but the youngest children - and of course more subtle our understanding of Richard and his times, tbey 5-e nice T-sbirts fm small adults. but while delving into such tomes as Charles Ross’s Richard LL1(1981), l? W. Hammond’s and A. E Sutton’s RichardILL The Roadto Bosworth Field (1985), M. . Hicks’s RicbardLlX Our choice of styles, naturally - but we’ll send the The Man Behind the Myth (1991) or A. J. Pollard’s Richard nice burgundy-with-gold or blue-with-gold out I.Ll and the Princes in the Tower (1991), we students of first. So order early to beat the holiday rush andget Richard and his era must in all fairness and candor acknow- the best of the smalls. ledge our debt to an Ohio University professor of English by noting the fortieth anniversary of the publication of his first book. w Ricarciian Register -5- Fall, 7995 YORKISTS IN GYBERSPACE: ANEW TOOLFOR TEACHING

Laura Bhcbard The capabilities of the World Wide Web offer school and university levels. To provide an introduction Ricardians an opportunity to fulfill our mission to to some basic Rican&an issues, we’ll be publishing the educate the ‘general public about Richard III on a scale initial chapters of Roxane Murph’s RichardIIE TheMak- we’d hardly dreamed of before. ing ofa Legend and “You Can’t Tell The Players Without In June we launched an experimental Web site for the a Scorecard,” Anne Vineyard’s thumbnail sketch of the American Branch, using computer resources donated by Wars of the Roses from her curriculum, “Oh, Tey, Can The Blanchard Company. The initial site offered basic You See.” information on the Society, its programs and accom- Eventually, we can put a wide array of primary sources plishments, as well as information on how to join, basic on our Web site. The advantage here is that students and reading lists, and information on other resources of in- teachers will then have access to all the materials they terest to Ricardians. Since then we have added some new need for a study unit on Richard III without spending a source material - Richard Oberdorfer’s excellent article penny on expensive textbooks. We’ll be starting with an on approaches to teaching Richard III, Judy Weinsoft’s expansion to the Bosworth Field section. Michael Ben- lecture on Richard III in Shakespeare and in Gordon nett published all the relevant contemporary sources in Daviot’s Dickon, and a whole section on the Battle of an appendix to his book, The Battle OfBosworth, and has Bosworth Field. If you’d like to see our Web site but don’t graciously given us permission to publish’ that on the have access to the Internet from home, your local library World Wide Web. Jeff Wheeler, a California student, is may very well be able to help you. The address of our exploring the possibility of putting up additional primary home page is: sources as part of an independent study project. And there’s even more we can do, as the technology http://www.webcom.com/-blanchrd/gateway.htmI of the World Wide Web becomes more generally avail- able. Even now, universities have projectors that hook up More Web Development to Come to computers, so that Web pages can be shown to a large The Ohio Chapter is taking on a part of our Web site audience. Imagine what a Web-based slide show could as a chapter project: they’re building a section on fif- mean to us: any Ricardian can go into a properly- teenth-century life. As I write this, the section includes equipped classroom or auditorium and use this slide a ninety-item bibliography on food, clothing, pas- show to give a Ricardian presentation. Or teachers could times...an in-depth article on feasting in late fifteenth- use it as an introduction to Shakespeare’s Richard III. century England...and Compton Reeves’ keynote address from the 1989 AGM, “Delights of Life in Fif- You Can Help teenth-century England.” By the time you read this, the Fifteenth-Century Life Section should be linked to our Building a comprehensive Web site is a project that home page. can be a valuable collaboration between recreational and Our site has been linked to other sites around the professional scholars, in which the efforts of each group world, including Georgetown University and the Uni- benefit the other. Anyone with a computer can help with versity of Kansas. Word appears to be spreading, too: I this project. The coding necessary to put materials on the get a daily report from our Internet provider, and we are Web is relatively simple - any reasonably bright and averaging 1.50 “hits” (requests for files) a day from 20-40 well-motivated individual (in other words, any Ri- people. Interestingly, about 20% of our site visitors are cardian!) can learn the basics in a few hours. If you’d like from Australia, and some of our colleagues down under to help but don’t want to learn any new computer codes, are getting ready to launch their own site, which will be we’d be grateful for anyone who can do keyboarding or linked to ours: truly a world wide Rica&an Web. scanning. There are about half a dozen of us who can add the coding to existing text files. A Resource for Teachers If you’d like to help out with this innovative and There’s more to come: we hope to put more primary exciting project, please write, call, fax, or e-mail me at sources and works of twentieth-century scholarship on 303 Vine Street,#106, Philadelphia PA 19106,215/574- our Web site to make it a resource for teachers at the high 1570 voice, -1571 fax, [email protected].

Fall, 1995 -6- Ricarciian Register N EWS F ROM E NGLAND

GEOFFREY WHEELER has sent along an “It’s an odd experience -having a bit offun, courtesy assortment of news items of interest to Ricardians. of two murdered little boys and a war-mongering Here’s a summary: king. But then that’s how those who peddle heritage have to package the past: everything has to be Steam Trains, Patrick Stewart, Annette Benning conveniently reduced to a series of enjoyable activities ‘suitable for all the famiIy. n in Ian McKellen’s Screen Version of Richard III Sir Ian McKellen’s vision of a fascist Richard III started As the fate of the McKellen project hung in the filming on location in Lancashire this summer, with balance last spring, Mitchell, described as the organiza- some scenes firmed with a 1940s vintage Pacific steam tion’s “formidable secreta$ in a Peterborough paper, engine originally built for the German railway. commented, “I think it’s pathetic. There’s no need for it. The production, which was stalled by financial woes Olivier’s Richard was bad enough with his false nose and for some months, is now underway at a reported cost of dragging leg. I wish they would make a film based on the fl.5 million. The production boasts a star-studded cast, truth.. . [Richard] was well liked here and nobody pulls including Sir Ian McKellen as Richard, Annette Ben- the wool over the eyes of a Yorkshire-man.” ning as Queen Elizabeth, Patrick Stewart (of Star Trek: The Next Generation fame) as Clarence, and Robert Ricardians Take Note: Downey, Jr. as Earl Rivers, as well as Britain’s Maggie Richard’s at Stratford This Fall Smith, Adrian Dunbar, and Nigel Hawthorne. Earlier reports had mentioned Marisa Tomei as the actress cast A more traditional production of RichardIU, in contrast as Lady Anne. to the headline-grabbing McKellen f&n, is being staged The concept for the film is based on the 1991-92 by the Royal Shakespeare Theatre at Stratford on Avon Royal National Theatre production of RichardIII, which with previews starting August 31 and the production placed the action in a 1930s~vintage fascist England. running through January 27. Many U.S. Ricardians who saw the touring production Staged in Elizabethan dress, the production stars found it conceptually repugnant but eerily powerful. The David Troughton as the “outrageously malicious, cruelly goose-stepping soldiers chanting “hand in hand to hell” manipulative and savagely witty” Richard. just before the final battle are not easily forgotten. Reviews on New Books by Seward, Weir On Meanwhile, in York Desmond Seward’s The Wan of the Roses: Dorothy Mitchell’s Richard III Museum Lawrence James, writing in the Evening Standard, had Makes the Times Educational Supplement many complimentary things to say about “this splendid And Mitchell Herself is Not Amused and vividly written book.” He sees the bookand the Wars by McKellen Production as very much relevant to today’s political climate: Several U.S. Ricardians have come back from trips to *In the course of rescuing the kingdomfiom Hen y Ws England with reports on the Richard III Museum incompetence, they feathered their own nests and got sponsored by Dorothy Mitchell’s Society of the Friends a taste for the risky butprofiabZe business of making of Richard III. The museum and its exhibits won two and unmaking kings. In one sense, this might be a paragraphs in a Times Educational Supplement feature on tract for the times; things go badly wrong when York politics become just a matter of satisfiing ambition and scramblingfor o#ce. u yTj%e Richard III Museum is a decidedly modest enterprise. Housed in the Monkgate Bar, one of the Seward traces the course of the Wars of the Roses town’sfour imposinggateways, it sets out to undo the through the lives of five people, not all ofwhom survived: damage Shakespeare inzicted on Richard’s Wiiam Lord Hastings; the Earl of Oxford; John Mor- reputation. It? all done with a mischievous good ton; Lady Margaret Beaufort; and Jane Shore. James’ humour. For instance, the year 1483 - Richard’s summary of the events of 1483 probably reflects Seward’s annus horribilis - is encapsulated in a series of cheeky assessment: “[Richard III’s] coup was a masterpiece of tabloidpont pages. Did he kill the princes in the Machiavellian statecraft, combining assassination, official Tower? You decide and recordyour verdict with zany continued, page 8 comments in the book provided. Ricardian Register - 7- Fall, 1995 News From England (continued) S TUDY T HE M IDDLE A GES disinformation, and the calculated use of terror.” Clearly, I N E NGLAND some Ricardian balance is needed here. On Alison Weir’s Lancaster and York The Wars of the Carol Bessette Roses, Peter Gwyn was less kind. Writing in the Da+ Telegraph, he concludes: For the past several years, Carol Bessette of Springfield, Virginia has mentioned the University of Cambridge The excusefor a work such as this is that it is 2opular’ Summer Study Program on “Life in the Middle Ages.” and that as a result of Weir’s pairfor narrative and The course has been among the most popular in the ye for detail, it reaches those readers that historians program and, for the first time, Carol is able to give us a never get to. But fthe detail consists of such snippets better idea of the subjects covered in the course. L+ that the site of the battle of Northampton is now In 1995, class sessions included: occupied by the Avon Cosmetics Company, one could possi&y do without it. And a histo y in which all the . The Legacy of the Middle Ages con&ions have been eliminated - t&s a stated aim . The Age of Arthur of the author’s - is sureZy no histo y at all. n . Anglo-Saxon Origins . Sutton Hoo and the Foundations of Kingship Leslau Oqe Step Closer to DNA . Bede and the Early Church Testing for His Theory on the Princes . The Viking in Britain Retired London jeweler Jack Leslau makes it into the . The Norman Conquest press every summer with his theory of the princes’ . Monasticism and Jocelin of Brakelond survival. He contends that they were given new identities . Medieval Towns and Town Planning and that Richard Duke of York, under the name of John . Medieval Timber-Framed Houses Clements, was actually raised in the household of Sir . Chaucer and His World Thomas More and married More’s adopted daughter. . The Medieval University Edward V, meanwhile, took the identity of Sir Edward . Guildford, son of the comptroller of the King’s The Black Death and Its Aftermath household. Leslau developed his theory based on clues . Medieval Fairs and Trade he claims to have discovered in Holbein’s painting of . Castles and Moated Sites More’s household. . Medieval Parish Churches and Their Imagery. According to a feature in the June 8, 1995 Sunday Field trips included visits to selected sires within Express, Leslau has received permission to perfbrm an Cambridge, to Ely Cathedral and Castle Acre, to Castle endoscopic examination of a secret chamber in the vault Kedinham, Lavenham and Bury St. Edmunds and of St. Romuldus Cathedral, Mencken, Belgium, where Moyses Hall Museum. Leslau believes John Clements was secretly buried. If it contains two lead coffins as Leslau surmises, he hopes to There will be a different instructor for the 1996 course gain permission to perform DNA testing on the body. (July 7-20, 1996), so the content may be somewhat Further DNA testing on Edward Guildford’s body will changed but, based on Carol’s experience for the past five determine whether the two are brothers, and testing of years in other courses in the program, there will be no the bodies of Edward IV or Elizabeth Woodvile or other change in the standards of excellence. She has had a family members could then demonstrate a further rela- variety of courses with a variety of instructors and has tionship. found each to be stimulating, challenging, and thoroughly enjoyable. For more information, contact:

Dr. Joann Painter Ofice of Cooperating Colleges (Dept. C) 714 SassaJi-a Street Erie, PA 16501 (814) 456-0757 FAX: (814) 453-5502

Ricardian Register Fall, 7995 -8- N EW IN T HE R ESEARCH LIBRARY

Helen Maurer I would Iike to thank several persons for their efforts on H. Ono, “The Legend and the Controversy on behalf of and contributions of additional materials to the Richard III,” Research Bulletin of Human and Social research library over the past year. They are Frederick Sciences, 10, Naruto University of Education (1995), Avansino, Ralph A. Griffiths and Cheryl Rothwell for 18 pp. [Text is in Japanese; footnotes are in English.] articles; Margaret Drake for editing a Bunnett paper on Margaret, Countess of Salisbury; Doris Derickson for C. Peers, “Berkshamstead Castle” (1948 guide, repr. needed extra copies of the Ricardian; and Peggy Allen 1954), 5 pp. and Carolyn Hammond for their ongoing help in C. Peers, “Middleham Castle” (1943 guide, repr. obtaining books. 1968), 6 pp. We have one new book and one replaced book C. Richmond, “The Nobiity and the Wars of the Roses,” Nottingham Medieva./Studies21(1977), 15 pp. @ C. Rightly and M. Cyprien, A Traveller’s Guide to A. Rogers, “Maintenance and the Wars of the RoyulRoudr (1985). Although the text does not make Roses,” Histoy Today IV (1967), 6 pp. it into the lSth-century (it ends with the fimeral J. T. Rosenthal, “Richard, Duke of York: A progress of Queen Eleanor), it would be of interest Fifteenth-Century Layman and the Church, to trip-planners. Good B&W photographs. Cat;holic HistoricalReview 50 (1964), 17 pp. i@ D. M. KIeyn, Richard of England (1990). Perkin C. Roth, “Sir Edward Brampton: An Anglo-Jewish Warbeck, argues that he was indeed the younger son Adventurer during the Wars of the Roses,” of Edward IV. Transactions of the Jewish Historical Society of England 16 (1952), 5 pp. We’ve also been collecting a lot of new articles, excerpts and papers. In listing them I have generally followed the A. Rowan, “Raby Castle, Co. Durham,” Country L@ format used in the regular library list: (1969)s 8 pp. W. G. Searle, The History of the Queen’s College OfSt. M. A. Brown, “Two-and-a-Half Secrets about Margaret and St. Bernard in f&e University of Richard the Third,” Georgia Review 27,18 pp. Cambridge, 1446-1560 (1867), 18 pp. excerpt R. J. A. Bunnett/ed. M. Drake, “Margaret J. W. Spargo, “Clarence in the Malmsey-butt,” Plantagenet, wife of Sir Richard Pole; Countess of Modern Language N&es (136), 4 pp. Salisbury, 1473-1541,” 9 pp. I. D. ThornIey, “Sanctuary in Medieval London,” J. Cannon and R. Griffiths, The Oxford Ihstrated Journal of the British Archeological Association 38 History of the British Monarchy (1988), 16 pp. (1933), 23 pp. excerpt. I. D. Thomley, “Treason by words in the F’iieenth Century,” English HistoricalReview 32 (1917), 6 pp. J. C. Halhwey (ed.), Letters ofthe Kings ofEngland (1846), 11 pp. excerpt E. N. Todhunter, “Some Aspects of the History of Dietetics,” World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics L. Huntley, “The NeviIIes of Raby Castle and of 18 (1973), 4 pp. typed excerpt re 15th c. dietary Middleham,” YorkAre Gazette (1904), 9 pp. practices. A. J. Kempe, “Notes on Battle Fields and Military J. Vognar, “Jane Shore: Examining the Gii Horse,” Works No. 1: Barnet Field,” GentZeman’s Magazine Loyaulte me Lie 1:3 (179), 5 pp. 126 (1844), 76 pp. H. R. Williamson, “The Princes in the Tower from R. J. Knecht, “I’he Episcopate and the Wars of the Historical Whodunits (1956), 9 pp. chapter. Roses,” U. ofBirmingham HistoricalJournal (1958), “Children of Ring Edward IV,” Gentleman’s 24 PP. Magazine (1831), 2 pp. B. Niderost, “Battle for the Crown,” Military History “Orders and Rules of the Princess Cecill (Ce&ly (Feb. 1990), 7 pp. NevilIe),” A Collection of Ordinances and RepZations the for the Government of the Royal Household, etc (1790), J. G. Nichols (ed.), Chronicle of Grey Friars oj * London (Camden Society, 1852), 2 pp. excerpt. 2 pp. typed excerpt. Ricardian Register -9- Fall, 7995 RIGMDIAN POST

F ROM T HE S CHOOLS Delray Beach, FL COORDINATOR June 28,199s

Dear Carole: Anne Vineyard Do you think this [clipping] is why some people thought ?eUow Ricardians! Lambert Simnel was nuttier than a fruitcake? Just couldn’t resist! Richard lives not only in cyberspace but in hyperspace, ,000. As a follower of a dead, defiled English king, I am Ellen Per/man )&en said to be a bit spacey. My students have dubbed ne Darth Vineyard for my love of Star Wars and other science fiction pursuits. Squash got name from resemblance to English fruitcake IYo my delight and wonder I discovered Richard in the dedication for Assault at Selonia (Book Two of the Star By Charles Perry wars corellian Trilogy) by Roger MacBride Allen. Los Angeles Times rhe dedication reads:

What? the connection between pattypan squash and To Beth and Mike, wl~o taught me to believe in the ihe bagel? Ok, pretty remote, but it exists. innocence of Richard III, the inevitable mortality of In England, there’s a traditional Lenten fruitcake called Bluebottle, and the perils of an inside stra$t. a simnel, which has both a filling and a frosting of almond paste. Originaly, however, the simnel was a “sodden lboiledl rhis poem was done by my World History students as a bread,“cooked by boiling the dough awhile and then baking part of a presentation after a semester of the Richard III it, which is how pretzels and bagels are cooked. mystery study. This particular group was tasked with The heyday of the simnel was the 17th and 18th centu- presenting the anti-Richard side (even though they were ries. By that time, it had become a fruitcake encased in a very pro-Richard). They began with this. original poem saffron-clyed crust, boiled in cloth for several hours and read by parts. Clever and pretty accurate for the then brushed with egg and baked. The crust ended up as anti-Richard forces. hard as wood. The shape of a simnel, as far back as the century, 15th Voice 1 The second of October 1452, was a thick disk with knobs or points formed around the A killer was born, though nobody knew. rim. The present day simnel has 11 balls of almond paste Voice 2 The youngest of his Plantagenet kin, in place of the knobs. His regal ambitions would now begin. With its knobby-pillow look, the pattypan squash re- Voice 3 He indulged himself deeply in intelligent books, minded some Americans of a small pie (patty), but others While slowly power of the land he took. of a simnel. And that% how the pattypan got its other name, Voice 4 Finally, with a great army behind him, which some people still use: cymling, which is a dialed He devised a plan that would make people mind pronunciation of simnel. him. Voice 1 Richard the Third, What a Wonde&l Man! Voice 2 How could he do this? Was it all in his plan? Voice 3 Of course, it was. He was sly as a fox. Voice 4 He murdered the princes . . . put them in a box. Voice 1 He killed them not from revenge or dislike, But merely for fear that the kindom would strike. Voice 2 A popular leader he was not. But that didn’t matter; it was power he’d sought. Voice 3 His ambititions ended in 1485, When Richard fought a battle he did not survive. Voice 4 And thus concludes a poor man’s destiny, But to this day his soul rests not any.

Fall, 1995 - lo- Ricardian Register S CATTERED S TANDARDS

Illinois request. She was careful in her letters to emphasize that we were making a serious request and that we would Chapter members attended a Memorial Service for behave in a dignified manner. It was agreed that we were Richard III at St. Andrew’s Chapel of the Episcopal welcome to attend the regular Saturday communion Cathedral of St. James on August 19. The celebrant of service at 9:OOa.m. Whether or not anything special in the Mass read a prayer from Richard’s own Book of recognition of the Battle of Bosworth would be included Hours as well as a prayer for those who fell at Bosworth. would be up to the celebrant. In the homily he touched upon the fact that an interest In the meantime, I had received a letter from Eliza- in truth is important to all of us. We plan to make the beth Nokes, secretary of the English Branch, which Memorial Service an annual event. included a copy of the service used at Sutton Cheney in Following the service the group adjourned to the 1994. A copy of the Sutton Cheney program and notes Newberry Library for a conducted tour. Some members from the “Ricardian Bulletin” in 1985 about the Q&- were signed up to use the excellent private library for centennial commemoration were sent to the dean’s office research on Richard. An exhibit on Richard is planned and passed on to the assigned celebrant, the Rev. Val for the Downers Grove Library after the first of the year. Littman. Joan talked to the dean’s secretary and learned The chapter agreed to host the 1997 AGM. that Rev. Littman would probably use the prayer from Joan Marshall Richard’s book of hours. The summer issue of our newsletter was sent out with a notice about the memorial service and tour of the Michigan Newberry Library scheduled for August 19. The m- At the spring meeting of the Illinois Chapter, we sponse from members was good and I expected ten to discussed what we could do to commemorate Bosworth twelve members and friends to be there. It would be one Day. We had placed an ad one time in the Chicago of our best turnouts. Tribune and received only one call in response. With the On Saturday, August 19, Ricardians started gathering skyrocketing cost of classified ads and the multiplicity of outside St. James Cathedral. The communion service newspapers that cover the area, it is nearly impossible for would be held in St. Andrew’s Chapel. This was a beau- a young chapter like ours to be effective with ads. It was tiful medieval-style vaulted chapel modeled on the ab- agreed that individual members could place ads if they bot’s private oratory in an abbey in Scotland. An ornate wished, but the chapter would not. triptych on the altar depicted saints prominent in the That still left us with the question of what could we British Isles. It was a perfect place to hold a memorial do as a chapter. Two members proposed that we host our service for Richard. As the time drew near, Joan and I own memorial service and try to draw attention to it by were watching for Ricardians outside the door to direct notifying the local papers. Maybe we could hold it in a them to the chapel. A young woman came up and public place and be noticed in that way Another member introduced herself She asked if we were Daughters of suggested that we have it at a church, possibly a major the King. We were puzzled and replied that we were church in Chicago. I mentioned that for the 500th members of the Richard III Society It was her turn to anniversary of Bosworth I had had a mass said for look surprised. Had we stumbled on a group that hon- Richard in my local parish. The officers decided that we ored Henry VII and his victory at Bosworth? would explore the possibilities and let the chapter know. When we went inside, the chapel was almost full. The Whatever was arranged would be our August meeting. service began and a few more people slipped in the back. As chairman of chapter, I discussed the suggestions During the homily, Rev, Littman tied Richard into the with the chapter secretary Joan Marshall. We decided gospel readings. At the end of the service, he read Bich- that the Episcopal Church was the most likely to look ard’s prayer which includes the reference to Susannah with favor on a request from us. Joan agreed to contact who was falsely accused and the prayer to commemorate the Episcopal Diocese of Chicago. I promised to write those who fell at Bosworth Field. It was a very inspiring to England for information about British memorial serv- service. As it came to an end, Ricardians greeted each ices and look in past issues of newsletters for more other. Several women who were there as Daughters of information. the King, a prayer group that attend services together, Joan is a wonderful letter writer and chapter secretary. asked us about the Society A white rose was laid on the She sent me copies of all her correspondence with the altar in Richard’s memory. dean of the cathedral and the news on the progress of our coniinue~ page 12 Ricardan Register - ll- Fall. 1995 Scattered Standards (continued) SCHALLEKSGHOLAR Sixteen Ricardians and family members attended the service. Most went on to the Newberry Library a few REPORT blocks away for a tour of their collection. Ten of US lunched afterwards and discussed the service. We agreed that it had been a wonderful event that we would like to HeZen &lamer repeat annually. Why did it work so well? As I told one member, what have more rituals than death and the monarchy? This was a service that meant something to Last winter, thanks in large part to the Schallek Award, those of us who participated. Richard and his men were I was able to spend two months in London doing real human beings. They were not honored in death as research for my dissertation on Margaret of Anjou. was their due. This service was not sentimental or silly. It Most of my time was divided between the British was our small way of honoring Richard in a fashion he Library, the Public Record Office, and the Corporation would have understood. of London Record Office, with occasional forays into We had hoped to generate some publicity by holding other archives as reason and opportunity occured. a memorial service. A press release had been sent to the area papers, but no responses had been received. The day I was also able to meet with Professor Ralph A. after the service, a columnist for a suburban paper called Griffiths, the foremost authority on the period, and with and talked to me for half an hour. A week after our Dr. Rosemary Horrox, who had originally suggested service she printed a story about our chapter. Margaret as a project. Both of them graciously offered me many helpful suggestions, as well as the names of Ohio other scholars working in related fields whom I was able The chapter held its summer meeting July 23 at the to contact either in person or by letter. Cleveland Museum of Art with 22 in attendance. The museum has an outstanding medieval collection. A book Finally, the trip provided the opportunity to think on medieval cookery and an Ohio chapter t-shirt has about my subject, unhindered and uninterrupted by been donated to the AGM in Seattle. other matters, in a way I had not been able to do since Fund raising items for the chapter include Ricardian its inception. bookmarks, a raffle for a statue of King Arthur at the chapter’s 10th anniversary event, chapter t-shirts and a The new material that I gathered along with the raffle for a Frazer miniature of the Tower of London at published sources that I had already read is sufficient to the Baycrafters Fayre over Labor Day. allow me to write (and it encouages me to look ahead to Donations in memory of Gillie Lehman will be used a possible project beyond the dissertation). Already I for the SchaIlek Fund endowment. Gillie was a charter have incorporated some of it into a section of draft that member of the Ohio Chapter, founding editor of the was written prior to my research trip. The improved chapter newsletter and longtime chapter Vice Chairman. result has enabled me to get school funding to work on The fall meeting will be held at Valley Vineyards, be- my thesis full time through fall. I am eager to get it done. tween Cincinnati and Dayton, on October 15. While I cannot claim to have uncovered any previously “unknown” documents regarding Margaret, I have come Janet Harris upon material that seems to have been overlooked. Much depends upon the way in which the disparate Southeastern Pennsylvania pieces ultimately fit together. My understanding of A Memorial Notice was placed in the Philade@bia Margaret ofAnjou will not be unrecognizable, but it will Inquirer on August 22. be different from what has gone before. The next meeting will be held September 1.5 at the ,, , s. _,..,. ., ;,l, ” ,, ,._, ” home of Regina Jones. Schallek scholar Amy Fahey will . ‘2,: ,.,., have a presentation on heraldry. The annual medieval banquet will be held November 4. The chapter. now has a home page, in conjunction’s with the Society’s home page, on the World Wide Web. It can be used to contact the chapter. The url is: http://www.webcom.com/ -blanchrd/phiiyl.html. Regina Jones

Fall, 7995 - 72- Ricardian Register RICARDIAN R EADING

I LOVE A MYSTERY Because of his adherence to the formula and his In response to my plea in the last issue for more books choice of modern speech - after all, the people of the and more reviews, you Gentle Readers have done me fifteenth-century were very modern in the fifteenth cen- proud, especially one Gentle Reader, who should really tury - Grace’s mysteries do not have much flavor of the be named co-Reading Editor for this quarter. The period, even though he paints vivid word pictures - for presses and even the public libraries have come through instance, of the plight of lepers. The series is fun to read, also. My special thanks to all of you. though, at least, I find them so. You might enjoy this In the afterword of The Apothecary Rose, (doesn’t book more if you read it around April 15. The victim is everybody read afterwords first?), Candace M. Robb a tax collector, nasty even beyond the norm for the writes of the historical mystery writer’s need “. . . to wear fifteenth-century tax collectors. three hats . . . the novelist guards the integrity of the form, Pretty much contemporary with Grace’s Kathryn the growth of the main character, and glories in the Swinbrook is Kate Sedley’s Roger Chapman. Sedley gets creation of that character’s world. . . But the historian much more of a medieval flavor in her hero’s adventures, groans at anachronisms, agonizes over chronologies, and and it’s surprising to catch her in an inaccuracy. Roger corrects descriptions according to archeological studies . and other characters in the story comment on his great . . The mystery writer doesn’t want too much superfluous height - he is over six feet, but not as tall as Edward IV historical description . . . has to postpone some of the (6’3”). Medieval people had the same range of height as revelations of the novelist in order to maintain suspense, moderns, and a six-footer would be considered tall, cer- and yearns to move things around in time and space to tainly, but not gigantic. With that off my mind, I give serve the mystery. Compromises must be made in order you Dale Summers: to finish the book in one’s lifetime.” @ Sedley, Kate - Tie Holy Innocents - St. Martin’s It’s sometimes difficult to keep these three elements Press, NY, 1995 in balance, and some authors don’t even try. C.L. Grace (The Merchant ofDeath, St. Martin’s Press, NY, 1995) The fourth adventure of Roger Chapman lives up to its goes for the straight formula detective story, and I don’t predecessors in terms of plot complexity, quality of mean that in a slighting way; I like the formula detective writing and richness of detail. story. All the classic elements are there: the country Two innocent children disappear and are later found house or inn (in this case) with its limited cast of suspects, murdered. Roger learns the story from the children’s ail of whom have motives for doing in the thoroughly attractive nurse and decides that God has sent him to despicable murderee; the innocent party who confesses solve the mystery. The obvious suspect has an unbreak- to protect someone else; the Great Detective called in for able alibi. Witchcraft is rumored, and three more corpses consultation, using medical knowledge and little gray turn up apparently unrelated to the children’s deaths. cells to solve the crime; the scene where the Great Roger’s struggle to an unwanted conclusion gives credit- Detective brings all the suspects together for the denoue- ability to his character. Though Richard III is mentioned ment, etc. A bit of extra interest is gained by making the once, in a casual way, there are references to people and Great Detective a woman, who retains her warm femi- events familiar to Ricardians: Duchess Anne tosses a ninity while using cool logic. coin to a mummer; Lord “Astings” orders a piece of There is one not-too-flattering reference to the puis- jewelry from a goldsmith (not Wii Shore!). sant, though rather choleric, Richard, Duke of This is a fun series. Gloucester” who would not be too subtle in defending his brother’s prerogative in Canterbury One may feel free --s., TX to doubt that Richard was the realm’s sole Enforcer. Like many writers, including Kate Sedley, Grace ignores the Going back a generation or two takes us to Sister existence of George, Duke of Clarence, who was in good Frevisse, who has been known to utilize a few of the odor with his brother at the time. Wouldn’t Edward have Great Detective’s ploys herself The setting, and the found something for him to do, just to keep him out of characters of Frevisse and her fellow nuns, as well as of trouble? End of digression. the laity, take Margaret Frazer’s books beyond the ordinary. Dale again: Ricardian Register - 73- Fail, 1995 Rkardian Reading (continued)

@ Frazer, Margaret - The Bishop? Tale - Berkeley jublishing their four-star, first-run novels in an afford- Publishing Group, NY, 1994 .ble paperback form. At least, they’re a lot more afford- able than hardbacks. This is the fourth in the series of the nun-sleuth, Dame Coming a bit further forward in time, we have Eliza- Frevisse. The setting is in the early years of Henry VI’S jethan sleuths Mathew and Joan Stock, and FrobisherS reign. The Wars of the Roses have not yet begun but are iavuge (Leonard Tourney, SMP). The Stocks are presaged by the struggle on the regents’ council between rounger here than in their other outings; this might be Henry Beaufort, Lancastrian Bishop ofWinchester, and :onsidered Their First Case. They find themselves op- Humphrey of Gloucester. The author’s prose is Duke )osed by their fellow citizens when they defend two slightly complex at times, but creates scenes with striking ‘outsiders,” the “savage” of the title (an Innuit or Eskimo) realism. She has previously shown detailed knowledge of tnd a mute. Realistic and rather somber, the book cap- the ways of life for the cloistered clergy, the middle class, nres the feeling of the time well. the humble, and even the outlawed. This work Still further afield, but included for its royal connec- demonstrates equal knowledge of the wealthy upper class. ion, is Peter Lovesey’s Be&e and the Crime of Passion. Bertie, Prince ofwales, later Edward VII, is the protago- The book opens as Thomas Chaucer lies dying. The list and narrator, and for ail his faults, only some ofwhich beloved uncle of Dame Frevisse, his social prominence as le recognizes, one can’t help liking the royal bumbler. well as his affection and teaching have been of valuable Somehow, he manages to solve a murder in high (or assistance to her in prior mysteries. On his deathbed, saute) French society, with some help from the Surett!, Chaucer recommends his favorite niece to Bishop Sarah Bemhart, and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, but no Beaufort for her intelligence, self-control, and discretion. nelp at all from Edgar the dog, who is on the wrong scent During the funeral feast a habitually quarrelsome man dtogether. Plenty of chuckles here, and in his previous begins an argument with his neighbor and demands that adventures: Bertie and the Seven Bodies, and Bertie and the God strike him down if his opinion is incorrect. Seem- Tinman. ingly God does just that. Frevisse’s grief is compounded For American royalty, we can turn to Robert Lee by the bishop’s charge to her to investigate the death, which proves, of course, to be murder. The cause of death Hall’s A Case of the Ar@ Murder (SMP - again, my gratitude, because this is out in paperback), featuring is a modern idea - violent allergic reaction - but who Benjamin Franklin and his ward, who is more than a of those with motive and opportunity actually added the ward, and who is also the narrator of this series set in deadly ingredient? Frevisse uncovers the culprit and in pre-revolutionary London. In these stories, Hall tries the process gains herselfan even more powerful benefac- something that is difficult to pull off: writing in the style tor than her late uncle. the story might have been written in at the time of its - d.s. occurrence. It’s a tribute to his skill that he makes it work without “writing forsoothly.” Just out is The Boy’s Tale, a little more light and amusing than Sister Frevisse’s usual cases. According to the Rule of her Order, the sisters must periodically change duties, INNER SANCTUM and the book opens just after such a shake-up. The (sound effect of creaking door) convent now has an infirmarian who feels faint at the My co-editor recommends: Don’t read this next book sight of blood, and Frevisse as Hospitaller. Frevisse’s just before going to bed. none-too-saintly patience, already severely tried by the other-worldliness of Sister Thomasina and the various m Doherty, P.C. - An Ancient Evil - St. Martin’s idiosyncrasies of the other sisters, is further stretched by Press, NY 1995 the arrival of two we&born small boys, aged five and six. @l Forsyth, Frederick - The Shepherd - Bantam The more sentimental of the sisters think they will be Books, NY, 1992 nice company for the convent’s one student, a meek and biddible little girl - that’s what they think! Instead, she Chaucer’s pilgrims ride again - or perhaps, still. turns out to be the ring-leader in their pranks. It’s not all Chaucer related the tales they told to amuse each other fun and games, though, because these boys are Edmond during daylight hours. P.C. Doherty has undertaken to and Jasper Tudor, future father and uncle of Henry VII, retell their nighttime tales, tales of mystery, terror and and their lives are in real danger. Soon their small murder. An Ancient Evil, the inaugural book of the series, entourage becomes even smaller. is the Knight’s tale, set in Oxford in the fourteenth Whiie I’m thanking people, I wish to enter word of century. Whole families are murdered, their bodies gratitude to Berkeley Press and Margaret Frazer for drained of blood, with no sign of break-in or struggle. A local abbess petitions the king for an investigator. The Ricardian Register Fall, 1995 - 14-

‘il knight and the clerk who are sent with a royal commission are aided by an elderly blind woman with a reputation as an exorcist. Medieval life is vividly recreated. Town and Gown quarrel, sometimes violently. Meals, both simple and elaborate, are described. Several fights are choreo- graphed. Characters are revealed in physical, mental and emotional aspects. Over all hangs the sinister cloud of the supernatural. Every character is religious, but some worship God whiie others worship Satan. The tale is so I I compellingly told that the reader is shocked and impa- as he proceeds to relate in the main story. tient when the scene returns to the pilgrims. The knight, Dukthas/Doherty clears Mary not only of murder but who is telling his own story, requires several nights. even of adultery with Bothwell - though she did marry Details are recognized as truth by certain of his compan- him with indecent haste. Mary is depicted as charming ions. He is still pursuing and being pursued by his enemy, but manic-depressive, insomniac, and migranic. Perhaps the Dark Lord. the most charitable explanation of her action is that she I read The Shepherd right after finishing An Ancient was just sick. The author provides a plausible explanation Evil. Both feature military men; one a medieval knight, for some of the puzzling portions of the mystery, and a the other a modern pilot. Both meet supernatural crea- possible solution. tures, some to do hideous acts of evil, one to do heroic Mary Stuart, even more than Richard III, can still stir acts of good. Frederick Forsyth’s story is told in the first up controversy. In the copy of this book that I checked person by an unnamed RAF pilot making a short run out from the library, a previous reader, no mariolater, took from Germany over the North Sea to Suffolk, on Christ- exception to the author’s conclusions and penciled in mas Eve, 1952. Suddenly he realizes that neither his pro-Elizabethan sentiments at key points. compass nor his radio are operating. But emergencies have been planned for. A “shepherd” will be sent to guide YOUNG WIDDERBROWN him in. As he approaches the Norfolk coast, the land- Walker, Sue Sheridan, ed - mfe and Widow in scape is obscured by dense fog. Facing certain death in 198 Medieval England - Univ. of Michigan Press, Ann the icy waters of the North Sea, he is relieved when Arbor, 1993 another plane joins him in the sky. The shepherd plane is a Mosquito, a fighter of World War II vintage, piloted This collection of essays is dedicated to the memory of by a man wearing old-fashioned goggles. He is led to an Michael M. Shehan, who was a pioneer in the cojoining almost deserted field, now used for storage. As all logical of family history and legal history. His study “The conclusions prove inaccurate, the pilot is left with the Influence of Canon Law on the Property Rights of inescapable certainty that he was led to safety by an RAF Married Women in England” (1963) has been the officer who was lost at sea in 1943. inspiration for the historians who have come together in Forsyth describes the loneliness of the pilot of a this volume. Except for James Brundage’s, all of the single-seater jet and the anxiety of his situation in very contributions deal with England, most w& widows, and vivid, almost poetic terms. Though the book is far afield legal issues predominate. for our purposes, it is an interesting and well-told story, James Brundage looks at a very complicated matter in enjoyable for Anglophiles. Because of the timing of my canon law - whether the remarriage of widows was reading, I felt the urge to review it, even though it is morally supportable. The arguments of theologians on outside of our era. both sides of the issue were at odds with the social realities of the subjects under discussion. The religious -d.s. issue seems to have been one of the threat of women’s sexual nature while, Brundage argues, most widows re- Also with a touch of the paranormal, but an entirely married - if they could - for economic reasons. The rational solution, is A Time for the Death of King (‘n incongruence between accepting remarriage and dis- Dukthas a.k.a. P.C. Doherty - again. This is turning couraging it made church law on the matter ineffective. into the P.C. Doherty show). Taking a leaf from Ellery The essay clearly states all the positions and it is not the Queen’s book, Dukthas is both the “author” and a author’s fault if, in the end, the matter remains confused. character. A lecturer on Mary Qeen of Scats, she is Joel Rosenthal takes a somewhat different approach approached by a mysterious gentleman who claims to in his essay. He sees widowhood as “a gateway of oppor- know the secret of the Casket Letters and the murder of tunity” for at least some widows. Many women had Henry Darnley, the king of the title. HOW does he know? alternatives for the first time in their lives. Rosenthal He, Nicholas Segalla, was there, and already centuries finds in his search of the available materials that half of old. Well, not exactly an eyewitness, but close enough, all widows remarried. Many were economically unable to Rica-dim Register - 15- Fall, 1995

J 11 I I I Ricardian Reading (continued) make any other choice. Others, particularly forceful he argues that the making ofwills by married women was women with considerable resources, might choose to uncommon after 1400. He finds two possible reasons for remain widows. this decline. First, the testamentary freedom that men The celebrated dowagers such as Cecily Neville and enjoyed in the fifteenth-century meant that wives could Alice Bryene illustrate the successful, powerful women not necessarily expect to inherit a third of the estate and who could command respect in fifteenth-century Eng- therefore women had nothing to will. Second, as trusts land. He concludes that whiie some women were suc- became more common, wills were less necessary because cessml in their choices, most were members of “a the trust itselfwould dictate the disposition of the prop- population of widows who were severely controlled by erty. mutable life circumstances and callous and reflecting Charles Donahue, Jr., has created a statistical portrait sexism.” of female plaintiffs in marriage cases in York. He has Janet Loengard goes back two centuries to look at discovered that they seem to have been more persistent dower rights in the thirteenth-century. She sees Magna in pursuing their cases than male plaintiffs, even though Carta improving widows’ legal position. The fact, how- men were more successful in obtaining judgments. Pos- ever, that so many women had to seek legal recourse sible reasons for this are that women overestimated their against sons, stepsons, in-laws, and lords in order to chances for success or that they did not have access to the receive their due, depicts the difficulties that women legal advice that men had (a position counter to that faced in receiving their rights under the law. presented by Walker in looking at the royal courts), or Sue Sheridan Walker is also interested in widows’ because women had more to gain or less to lose than men. appearances in court to sue for dower in the fourteenth While he sees some evidence for the last suggestion, century. She sees those widows as willing to vigorously Donahue suggests that men were interested in enforcing pursue their rights ,in the royal courts but, unlike their a marriage when the chance of financial gain was good, earlier sisters, these women were more likely to use and dropped cases when a successful outcome seemed attorneys. This ability to use professional legal services, improbable. Women were more likely to sue to enforce a Walker states, indicates widows’ abilities to manage their marriage and less likely to sue to dissolve one - perhaps legal affairs. Walker explains the process involved in because marriage would have given women more security bringing suit and goes on to illustrate the types of diffi- and status than it normally did for men. He also hypothe- culties that faced women in their proceedings. sizes that fewer female plaintiffs in the fifteenth-century In a sad case of women as victims of their husbands’ argues for an improvement in the status of women be- political activities, Cynthia Neville explains the difficul- cause their economic contributions to marriage were ties facing the widows of Edward I’s Scottish enemies. more equal, as social networks became more stable, wages These women were denied the right to inherit their stabilized at higher rates, and women received more in husbands’ estates because Edward I did not consider inheritance and dowry Scotland to be an independent kingdom. Therefore his The collection of articles discussed above give intrigu- opponents were rebellious vassals. Edward thus consid- ing insights into the circumstances facing wives, but ered himself free of the normal conventions of war in the more especially widows, in medieval England. While treatment of women. Two of the female supporters of none of the essays is the last word on any aspect of Robert Bruce, his sister Mary and the countess of women’s lives, they raise thought-provoking issues Buchan, were imprisoned in cages that were hung outside - Sharon Michalove, IL Berwick and Roxburgh castles. Barbara Hanawalt is also concerned with the remar- riage of widows, in this case the different options avail- (This review previously appeared in Bryn Mawr able in rural and urban environments. Generally she sees Reviews.) remarriage as the solution to the problems that widows TOWN MEETING OF THE AIR faced in dealing with the raising of families, managing economic assets, and allying the fears of those who feared Dale Summers sends some feedback on Maxwell for their moral well-being. She sees more freedom of Anderson’s Richard and Anne (McFarland & Co., choice for the lower classes than for the nobility. Jefferson, NC, 1994), praising Roxane Murph’s Whether or not married women could legally make introduction for providing “detailed and important wills in late medieval England is the subject of Richard information on Anderson, and on Richard and his Helmholz’s essay. Common law considered the property times.” She adds, “There is a mention, early in the play, ofa wife to be controlled by her husband. Helmholz cites of a group of ‘displaced paranoids’ who are on ‘a Carrie various cases where the courts upheld a wife’s right to Nation binge to right the wrongs done the last make a will in contradiction of common law. However, Plantagenet.’ Obviously we are the ‘displaced paranoids.’ Anderson died in 1959. I think he would have been

Fall, 1995 - 16- Ricardian Register pleased with the progress the Society has made and is Maude does not spend all her time fighting, and bears making.” Geoffrey three sons, the eldest ofwhom, Henry, becomes Just out is Early Tudor Government 1485-1558 by S.J. her whole raison d’itre. If she cannot be queen, Henry Gunn, a fellow and tutor in Modern History at Merton will be king. What a likable child he is! In his teens, he College, Oxford. I want his book to be reviewed by proves charming and effective as both a diplomat and a someone with similar credentials, so I am waiting for Roxane Murph to return from overseas. I can tell you, however, that he is generally neutral about Richard III. In another context, he compares Henry VII with Ivan the Terrible of Russia, in that both of them used bonds to control their subjects, but he admits that Henry was, in most ways, not in Ivan’s league! warrior. His father takes him to parlay with the French THE GREATEST STORY EVERTOLD king, providing the moment for one of the most delight- ful scenes of the 11th century. Young Henry spies a a Penman, Sharon Kay - men Christ and His Saints stunningwoman in green enter the throne room. Finding Slept - Henry Hold &Co., NY, 1995 a moment of privacy with her, he purrs, “If you are not When the first Plantagenet king, Henry II, burst upon the Queen of France, by God, you ought to be.” She purrs the scene, the air was filled with glorious promise, back, “And if you are not yet King of England, by God, especially in contrast to the horrendous nineteen years you will be.” which preceded his ascension. Sharon Kay Penman has The story of Eleanor’s divorce from Louis VII, her called her book on this period When Christ and His Saints return to Aquitaine, and subsequent marriage to Henry, Slept, the title a quotation from The Peterborough are fascinating in themselves. The book ends on a high Chronicle. note as Henry and Eleanor prepare to leave for England and rule over their vast domains. Although Henry I had at least 20 illegitimate off- spring whom he recognized and honored, his marriage Penman also gives us information about people of had brought him only one surviving child, a daughter. lesser status. By inventing an extra illegitimate son for Maude (or Matilda) had been sent to Germany at the age Henry I, RanulfFitzroy, the author lets us meet peasants, of eight and at eleven she married the Emperor. She was freemen, children, soldiers, Jewish peddlers, and several reluctant to leave when she was widowed. On her return, classes of Welshpeople. Penman shows us the attitudes her father married her off, kicking and screaming (in a of people of this time toward handicapped Persons by princessly way, of course) to the son of the Count of having Ranulf marry a blind woman who has quite conquered her disability Since these characters are fic- Anjou, the fourteen-year-old Geoffrey, who was none too pleased to be foisted off on a twenty-five year old tional, they can enjoy the happy ending that reality bride. doesn’t always guarantee. It provides a most charming, as well as instructive, part of the book. King Henry three times forced his barons to swear Of course, there’ll be a sequel about the later years of that they would support Maude as “Lady of England.” Henry II and Eleanor, and indeed a third book of this Her cousin Stephen, another grandchild of the Con- trilogy covering the reign of their son, Richard I. The queror, also felt royal stirrings, but he was a mere nephew “Devil’s Brood” flourished, invigorating the Middle Ages of the king and not a direct heir. At Henry’s death, until that sad day in 1485. hastened by an excess of stewed eel, Stephen learned of I can hardly wait for the next books to continue the the “job opening” whiie he was near the coast. Maude story. was with her husband in Anjou. By the time she learned that she was queen, her cousin Stephen of Blois had - Helen Curtfj CA already had himself crowned and was enjoying the sup- port of those turncoat barons who had pledged to back Stay tuned for our next column, which should include her claim to the throne. not only the scholarly review mentioned above, but a The Empress was not one to take such an insult review of Candace Robb’s The Apothecary Rose, destined calmly, Her “invasion” of England is colorfully portrayed, to be part of a series. I am now in the process of reading including her escape from Stephen’s forces mid-winter, it, and will review it then, unless someone forestalls me. mid-storm, from a castle tower and across a frozen river, Also a visit to a cooking show, and much more. Until swathed in white camouflage. then, Happy Trails to you!

Ricardian Register - 17- Fall, 1995 B OARD C HRONICLES

November 6,1994 Members in attendance were A. Compton Reeves, Laura resolved that the guidelines be accepted, subject to subsequent Blanchard, Carole Rike, Peggy Allen and Judy Pimental. The revisions, which will bear a publication date. minutes of the last meeting were accepted as presented. Peggy Committee Vacancies. Laura Blanchard has mentioned the Allen gave the Treasurer’s Report, a copy is incorporated Committee vacancies to her chapter. One member might be in these minutes. Carole Rike gave the membership report. interested in the Sales Officer position. Another member Hotel for 1995 AGM. The Boardexpressed discussed an interest in the Chapterthe coordinatorhotel position. arrangementsfor the 1995 AGM in Seattle. A contract has been Library Acquisition Policy. The Board discussed the library Stouffer Hotel, although spaceacquisition is limited. policy. It was resolvedThe that the Library Acquisition Board discussed the possibility of moving to a diierent hotel, but Policy be accepted as proposed, with Helen Maurer’s proviso there is a significant contingent of Pacific Northwest Chapter respecting book reviews. members who wish to stay with the Stouffer. After discussing various possibilities, it was moved, seconded and unanimously Potential Acquisition of the Stanley Dance Nonfiction resolved that the contract with the Stouffer be honored, and the Collection. The Board discussed the offer of Stanley Dance to sell 1995 AGM held there, as previously determined. The Board then his entire nonfiction collection of Ricardiana. There was much through the year 1997.duplication It of wasthe Society’s also current holdings. The Board decided mentioned that plans for the 1998 AGM were underway. that purchase of the entire collection would not be possible. 1995 UIUCYOhioUniversity Richard111 Conference. The Board Rica&an Register/Reports from 1993 and 1994 AGMs. The discussed and approved Society sponsorship of the 15th Century Board again discussed the fact that the minutes of the 1993 AGM Studies Conference to take place in Spring, 1995. Any financial had not been published in the Register. It was resolved that the surplus will go to the Monograph Fund. Registration covers Society will send the 1993 minutes to any member who requests publicity expenses. It was resolved that Sharon Michalove may them, including a self-addressed, stamped envelope. continue to make arrangements at the rates set in her proposal. AGM Guidelines and Polices. The Board discussed the AGM Guidelines and policies which have been prepared by Laura Blanchard. It was noted that Roxane Murph wished to emphasize that the Chairman must sign any contract with a hotel. It was

Members in attendance were A. Compton Reeves, Laura comparison. Peggy will purchase reminder postcards; Roxane Blanchard, Roxane Murph, Peggy Allen and Judy Pimental. volunteered to help get them out. There will be a notice but no order form in the Register; Carole will take care of this. Prior to beginning the agenda, Compton Reeves wanted to express the Society’s appreciation of Richard Oberdorfer and Ann Schallek Committee. Laura reported that notices for this year Vineyard in their service to the Society, and especially to Roxane were sent out in November. Approximately 50 requests for Murph for her efforts in bringing about the publication of Richard applications have been received, but it is too early to estimate total anddnne. applications. The requests for applications are ahead of last year. Minutes of the last meeting were Committeeaccepted Vacancies. as Toni corrected. and Jeff Collins are Peggy willing to take Allen gave the Treasurer’s Report, a copy ofwhich is incorporated Macool is interested in the Sales Officer in these minutes. Carole Rike was unable to attend, [she was position; he has storage and shipping capacities. Cheryl Rothwell expecting a grandchild] but her report was read into the minutes. volunteered for the Chapter Coordinator position. Nominating Committee. The Board considered candidates for the Nominating Committee, which will undertake finding Philadelphia, located in the historic section of the city, three candidates for the position of Vice Chairman. blocks from Independence Hall. Washington Post Article on Richard III. Laura announced that Richard andhne. Roxane reported that Richard and Anne had the Washington Post planned an article on Richard in conjunction a shipping date of February 10, 199.5. The mail vote was unanimous to authorize the purchase of 100 copies for sale to Society members. The cost to members will be $19.95 plus appropriate shipping and handling charges. McFarland and Company, the publisher, will sell the book for $28.50. A promotional mailing was sent to approximately 60,000 libraries in the United States. Under the Hog. Peggy reported that the Society spent $5,500 to purchase copies. To date, sales have been less than $2,000. Linda will send the pre-order forms to Peggy for

R/card/an Register Fall, 1995 - 18- March 6,1995 Members in attendance were A. Compton Reeves, Laura There will be $3,500 in funds to award. The Committee will hold Blanchard, Roxane Murph, Peggy Allen, Carole Rike and Judy back $1,000. Pimental. Nominating Committee. Jacqueline Bloomquist has agreed to Compton Reeves commented that matters have been going head the committee and will do the ballot mailing. She wiIl smoothly within the Society and that great things are coming. attempt to find other committee members and arrange a notice to be published in the current Register, The minutes of the last meeting were accepted as read. Peggy AUen gave the Treasurer’s Report, a copy of which is Sales Office. Three members of Laura’s chapterwill split the Sales Of&e duties. Wendy Logan will be the official Sales Officer. incorporated in these minutes. Carole Rike gave the membership report. The Board discussed the problems involved in keeping David Macool will do warehousing and shipping. Nancy Griggs will do the sales offlce lists and ads for the Register. Laura has members and other trends in membership. graciously volunteered to serve as a backup for any of the duties Richard andAnne/(/nder the Hog. Peggy Allen reported that 50 of the Sales Office. people who made commitments to purchase Under Be Hog have not yet fulfiied those commitments. The English Branch ordered Board P&cy Decisions. Laura will assemble and collate the an additional 48 copies. Only $1,390 of publication costs Board’s written suggestions for updating and revision and will remained to be recouped. circulate them. Sales of Richard andhne have been going well. The sales within Academic Conference at Urbana-Champaign. Compton Reeves and Sharon Michalove have done a superb job in organizing the the Society exceeded anticipated demands. Of 100 copies ordered, 19 copies remain. With new orders of books, the price for copies conference. Profits, if any, will be donated to the Monograph sold within the Society may have to be increased. The new Sales Fund. Officer will write to the publisher and attempt to get the “authois Publication of book by A. Compton Reeves. Compton. price” or standard bookstore discount; quantities ordered will be announced that his book, Pleasures and Pastimes in Medk& at the discretion of the Sales Officer. Costs to date have been England, will be published by Alan Sutton around the end of recovered. April. It wilI be nicely illustrated, with approximately 120 illustrations, of which 8 pages will be in color. SchaIlek Committee. Laura reported that there have been 14 applicants. Materials will be sent to the selection committee. May 14,199s Members in attendance were A. Compton Reeves, Laura Blanchard received a letter from Peter Hammond of the British Blanchard, Roxane Murph, Peggy Allen and Judy Pimental. Branch, who commented on the good lineup. Mr. Hammond The review of the minutes of the last meeting was tabled, as asked about publishing papers. several members had not had the opportunity to review the Medieval Conference at -. Compton Reeves noted that minutes. Peggy Allen gave the Treasurer’s Report, a copy ofwhich there had been very good papers presented at the conference. At is incorporated in these minutes. There was no membership least one was suitable for publication in the Register: Margaret report. [&role R&e was recovering from a flood in New Orleans. J Drake presented a paper on medieval poet John Lyclgate and Schallek Fund Awards. The Board discussed the awards given to fitting the poet into medieval history. four candidates this year. Possible New Publication. The University of Penn- &es Dickon Award. The Board considered the Dickon Award to be may publish a new casebook similar to To Prove a villain. Alan made for this year. It was resolved that it be presented to Helen Sutton has expressed interest in a possible joint venture with the Maurer for her years of unstinting devotion to the Society in her University of Pennsylvania. The publication will be tied to the capacity as Research Librarian and in other activities. release of Ian McKellan’s film of his production of Richard III. Southern California Chapter. The board discussed the The film may be out in video as a classroom item. continuing problems of leadership and possible dissolution of the Sales Office. The new Sales Of&e is not yet f%lly organized, but Southern California Chapter. The chapter’s treasury will be put willbe soon. in escrow. Richard and Anne. There were only four copies of the book remaining. Roxane stressed that the book would not have sold as well as it did had not Peggy Allen sent out reminder postcards to those members who had previously made commitments to buy copies. Pleasures andPastimes in MedjevalEngland. Compton Reeves has not yet seen a copy of his book. It will be featured by the History Book club. Academic Conference at Urbana-Champaign. Compton Reeves noted that the first conference had been a great success. Sharon Michalove deserves a vote of appreciation for her efforts. Laura

Ricardian Register - 79- Fall, 1995

- RICHARDDOES G ET A ROUND '

Reprintedfiom The Rampant Boar, Northern Calz$ornia Chapter -Judith Pimental, Editor Fist it was In Britain, now it’s Realm. The May/June The article is further accompanied by a reproduction 19% issue of that great magazine features an article that of an apparent Victorian etching (which I don’t recall is billed on the cover as “Kings of Crime - Dark Tales having seen before) of the two boys alseep in their ornate of Royal Intrigue.” It includes a full-page color canopy bed, looking more like Romeo and Juliet in reproduction of the NPG portrait of Richard, suitable fiagrante delicto. Two men are standing by the bed: one, for framing. Part of the introduction states: who presumably is James Tyrell (looking like my mental picture of John Knox) is holding back the bed curtain; At the outset, the abaY@ to stamp one’s authority on the other, presumably Black Will Slaughter (a blond) is the country was a prime qual$cation for the job of glaring and holding a “feather bed,” comforter or pillow monarch . . . Dark deed& notably assassination and with striped ticking, contemplating performing the evil torture, were an essentialpart of the bu&zess of being deed. The caption states, “A poignant portrayal of the -. royaZ and, equally important, remaining royal . . . two princes as their murderers come to smother them.” The secret of the successful monarch, when disposing The caption for Richard’s portrait is “King Richard III of rivals and vpponents, was not, to leave - did he order the princes’ deaths?” incriminating evidence. But this . . . was not as I suppose striped ticking was possible in the 15th straigh @or-ward as it might seem. century, ifit was woven, but I have been informed that prints on fabric are not allowable for 16th century Ren The article leapt into an account of Henry II and Faire costumes. Apparently there are a number of ver- Beckett, then moved on to Richard, who merited two sions of the picture. paragraphs of text, as follows: No one accepted the challenge to identify some inac- curacies in the In Brituin article. Perhaps they were too elementary, but those that I noticed were as follows: Richard III3 compbcity in the murder of the Princes in the Tower fah into the same category of royal crimes in that there is insuflcient evidence on which . First, the urn containing the bones of the sup- to convict the king. But the circumstancses of the posed princes is not in Elizabeth I’s tomb deaths of the uncrowned I%-year-old Edward V and (which she shares in eternal unrest with her sis- his younger brother in the Tower ofLondon in 1483 ter Mary I), but are (as I recall) in the same point strongly to Richard III being the culprit. chapel. r. . Second, we do not know if the boys hated their By their very existence the two boys posed a challenge uncle, although they may have been taught to to Richard’s sovereignty and it would appear that Sir regard him as a threat. ’ James Tyrell, acting for the king, had the two lads . Third, they were taken separately to the Tower. smothered in their beds and then buried clandestinely. Fourth, we have it on fair authority, coming as The princes were last seen alive in the upper it did from a Tudor source, that Richard died apartments of the White Tower. fighting bravely in the thick of battle.

Fall, 7995 Ricardian Register POLLENANALYSIS To REVEAL, TRUE BATTLE SITE? ATTENTION

Archaeological excavations and pollen analysis are among the tools to be used to settle the controversy over HISTORY BUFFS the exact siting of the Battle of Bosworth Field, which has now gone on for over a decade. e9 According to Bosworth Battlefield Visitor Centre senior warden David Hardwick, English Heritage is ANGLOPHILES preparing a Battlefields Register that may help protect the sites of significant battles from “any future unsuitable developments.” The exact site of the Battle of Bosworth Field has been questioned, with the Visitor Centre’s interpretation challenged by a number of historians, We publish seven catalogs including Michael Bennett, Peter Foss and Colin Rich- annually, offering the mond. In a recent letter, Hardwick continues: discriminating reader the

This controversy has initiated some more research finest selection of new and which willbe undertaken by English Heritage. In the remaindered titles available, coming months a more rigorous and thorough search will be made over the battle site by archaeologists on everything from history using modern technology. It is also intended to use to nature, fiction to pollen analysis of soil cores dating back 500 years to ty to determine the full extent of the marsh and photography, poetry to fine whetder it was really possible toJight a major battle in the low lying area l/2 mile to the southwest of arts, memoirs to mysteries, Am&on Hill. We are al/eagerly awaiting resu!tsJi-om biographies to religion, this research and then perhaps this controversy willbe laid to rest. cooking to classical CDs, and more.

WELCOME! TONEWMEMBERS

CALL~AM~ ~PM EST FORYOURFREECATALOG

Ricardian Register -21- Fall, 1995

J her you’re leaving hints for Santa or me stest wardian hooks opping for the Ricardians on your list, our Sales Officer has items for every taste and every price range. @ Under the Hog For years, Ricardians have scoured used book stores looking for copies of this critically-acclaimed 1938 (Qiprdian Wolidq Cards novel by Patrick Carleton. Now available in hard Spread Ricardian cheer while benefiting the Society. cover, printed on heavy paper with a sewn binding These designs, donated by Susan Dexter, are sure to that will stand up to heavy Rica&an use. please! Packets of 10 cards with matching envelopes. @ Richard andAnne “I. Porcellino” The long-awaited blank-verse play by renowned Adapted from a famous Italian American playwright Maxwell Anderson. Edited statue; wreathed in red and green and with an introduction by Roxane C. Murph and holly and Yorkist roses. Proceeds two letters from Robert Sherwood. At last, Richard from the sale of these cards are III and Henry Tudor on stage as Ricardians see donated to the SchalIek Fund. them. @ Pleasures and Pastimes in Medieval England. From American Branch chairman and Ohio University professor Compton Reeves, a book described by one reviewer as “a medieval Wonderbook of Knowledge, a remarkable treasure-trove.” Many fascinating illustrations, several in color. Madonna and C&II Printed in gold ink, with the -ardian &o&q Stuff& greeting Wishing you holiday joy and good will.” “Guerrilla Ricardiun” Bookmarks. Proceeds donated to the Three-color bookmarks casually get the word out. Leave general fund. one in a library book (to entice other readers), or give to a potential recruit who borrows a Ricardian book from your personal stash. Features Richard’s portrait and Society address.

Richard and Anne Portrait Paperweight. Printed in red ink, with the greeting, ‘Wishing you These lucite paperweights, measuring 2-3/4” in diameter, feature the head-and-shoulders of Richard’s holiday joy and good will.” Proceeds donated to the NPG portraits. They’re ideal for holding down royal general fund. decrees or other important documents. Ricardian Mug. Perfect for holiday mulled wine or cider, or simply for coffee, tea, or cocoa. Handsome 10-0~ ironstone mugs in cranberry with the Society boar and name imprinted in 23-karat gold, plus gold pinstripes and rim.

Orders received by aecember 10 shipped postpaid in time for Christmas giving. (After December 10, add $2,50per order; Christmas delivery not guaranteed.)

Fall, 1995 -22- Ricardian Register

i (X@rdian Stamp Set sndraiser from the Southeastern ~enns$vmin Chapter for 1996 Ammnd Each set only $24.95 post paid

Our rubber stamp set provides images that can be used sin& or in combination f! hundreds of uses. All of the stamps shown in this ad are inchded in the set. T&e art work, drawn by Susan Dexter, is the-first in what we hope will be a series of arrangements to depict medieval !fe. AII stamps shown at less than full size. Availab1efiom:

Collins l P. 0. Box 344 l Doughville, PA 19158-0344

Society Sales @JiCe Order siwtn

Please make check payable to Richard IU Society, Inc. Mail order and check to:

Wendy Logan, Sales Oficer l 371 West Lancaster Avenue b Have$rd PA 19041

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Illinois Ohio Mary Miller Thomas L. Coles 1577 Killdeer Drive 817 Madison Avenue Naperville, IL 60565 Lancaster, OH 43 130 Middle Atlantic (614) 654-4657 Jeanne Faubell Rocky Mountain 22 15 Westmoreland Falls Church, VA 22043 Pam Milavec 9123 West Arbor Avenue (804) 532-3430 Littleton, CO 80123 Michigan Area (303) 933-l 366 I 1 Barbara Bluford 6341 Parkview Southeastern Pennsylvania Troy, Ml 48098 Laura Blanchard (3 13) 879-6079 303 Vine Street, Suite 106 New England Philadelphia, PA 19106-I 143 (2 15) 574-l 570 Donald D. Donermeyer 67 Moss Road Southern California Springfield, MA 01119 Karen Vogel (413) 782-9542 P. 0. Box 3951 Northern California Huntington Beach, CA 92605 Valerie Fitzalan de Clare (714) 377-0013 i6666 159th Avenue Southwest San Leandro, CA 94578 Roxane C. Murph (510) 276-1213 3501 Medina Avenue Northwest Ft. Worth, TX 76133 Yvonne Saddler (817) 923-5056 2603 E. Madison Street Seattle, WA 98112 (206) 328-2407

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Individual Membership $30.00 Individual Membership Non-US $35.00 Contributions: Family Membership $ Schallek Fellowship Awards: $ General Fund (publicity, mailings, etc) $

Contributing & Sponsoring Memberships: Total Enclosed: $ Honorary Fotheringay Member $ 75.00 Honorary Middleham Member $180.00 Family Membership $30 for yourselJ; plus $5 for each Honorary Bosworth Member $300.00 additionalfamily member residing at same address. Plantagenet Angel $500.00 Plantagenet Family Member $500+ $ Make aN checks payable to Richard III Society, Inc. Mail to P. 0. Box 13 786, New Orleans, LA 70185-3 786