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The Effect of Crowdsourced Digital Goods on Innovation and Economic Growth
The Digital Commons: Tragedy or Opportunity? The Effect of Crowdsourced Digital Goods on Innovation and Economic Growth The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Nagle, Francis. 2015. The Digital Commons: Tragedy or Opportunity? The Effect of Crowdsourced Digital Goods on Innovation and Economic Growth. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard Business School. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:16881897 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Digital Commons: Tragedy or Opportunity? The Effect of Crowdsourced Digital Goods on Innovation and Economic Growth A dissertation presented by Francis Edward Nagle In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Business Administration in Technology and Operations Management Harvard Business School Boston, Massachusetts April 2015 © 2015 – Francis Edward Nagle All rights reserved Dissertation Advisors: Francis Edward Nagle Professors Shane Greenstein, Marco Iansiti, Carliss Baldwin, Karim Lakhani, Feng Zhu The Digital Commons: Tragedy or Opportunity? The Effect of Crowdsourced Digital Goods on Innovation and Economic Growth Abstract The classic economic concept of the tragedy of the commons occurs when individuals overuse a public good, resulting in the complete depletion of the good. Comparatively, in the digital world public goods are non-rival and essentially infinitely abundant. However, the nearly infinite supply of a public digital good can still be tragic, albeit in a different manner. -
The State of Open Source Server Software
Open Source Server Software Ackermann and Greenstein The State of Open Source Server Software Klaus Ackermann and Shane Greenstein September, 2018 Comments welcome Key words: Internet Policy, Internet Services, Open Source, World Wide Web, Global Diffusion JEL: L860, O330, O340, Abstract The study assembles new data to construct a census of worldwide web server use across the globe. We document a large concentration of investment in the United States, and a wide dispersion across scores of countries. We find tens of billions of dollars of unmeasured value in the open source servers. The statistical models show the quality of the country’s network and the country’s technical sophistication are associated with more web servers, and the innovative environment also plays a role. We find less of a role for economic development, property rights and the rule of law. The findings stress that policies for local supply of content depend on policies encouraging advanced networking and a technically sophisticated populace. While the findings highlight the danger for misattribution in growth accounting, the statistical model points towards the potential to proxy for unmeasured servers with statistical methods. _________________________________________________________________________ Department for Econometrics and Business Statistics, Monash Business School, Monash University, and Professor, Harvard Business School, respectively. Corresponding author: [email protected]. We thank Susan Athey, Karim Lakhani, Frank Nagle, and Scott Stern for comments. Patrick Clapp provided excellent assistance putting together the exogenous variables. Mercedes Delgado generously gave us assistance with the Global Competitiveness Index. We are responsible for all remaining errors. 1 Open Source Server Software Ackermann and Greenstein I. Introduction Most research about open source and internet software focuses on production. -
Digital Dark Matter and the Economic Contribution of Apache
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES DIGITAL DARK MATTER AND THE ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF APACHE Shane Greenstein Frank Nagle Working Paper 19507 http://www.nber.org/papers/w19507 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 October 2013 We thank Justin Ng for research assistance. We are grateful for the many useful comments we received from audiences at the NBER, Kristina McElheran, Dan Sichel, Ashish Arora, and two anonymous referees. All errors are our responsibility. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer- reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2013 by Shane Greenstein and Frank Nagle. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Digital Dark Matter and the Economic Contribution of Apache Shane Greenstein and Frank Nagle NBER Working Paper No. 19507 October 2013, Revised December 2013 JEL No. O3,O31,O47 ABSTRACT Researchers have long hypothesized that spillovers from government, university, and private company R&D contribute to economic growth, but these contributions may be difficult to measure when they take a non-pecuniary form. The growth of networking devices and the Internet in the 1990s and 2000s magnified these challenges, as illustrated by the deployment of the descendent of the NCSA HTTPd server, otherwise known as Apache. -
Popular Culture As a Driver of Internet Use
Popular Culture as a Driver of Internet Use Håkan SELG Royal Institute of Technology – KTH, School of Computer Science and Communication – Dpt. of Media Technology and Graphic Arts, Lindstedtsvägen 5, S-100 44 STOCKHOLM, Sweden Tel: +46 706 300085, Fax: +46 8 791 8793, Email: [email protected] Abstract: Increased attention in recent years has been paid to user involvement in the distribution and consumption of popular culture on the Internet. The attitudes from established publishing industries have mostly been negative, while few arguments about possible positive aspects have been heard. This paper argues that the understanding of social drivers such as user communication and user interaction is necessary to explain the adoption process of computers and Internet. Popular culture, such as games, music and films play an important, but underestimated role, however closely interlinked to copyright infringement. Right holders’ loss of control of digital products in combination with users engaging in value-adding activities is challenging established industries and structures. The effects were first observed in the entertainment industries but are now proliferating into other sectors of society. 1. Introduction Computer and communication technology has always received attention from the political, industrial and scientific fields. The EU goals of Lisbon 2000, e-2005 and i2010 focus on a competitive and dynamic society where broadband deployment is seen as a critical prerequisite for attaining these goals [1]. The diffusion and use of ICT is considered as one of the most important strategic means for improving industrial productivity and competitive strength. Furthermore, there is a widespread belief that individuals with access to the Internet at home may rationalise much of their everyday activities such as contacts with schools, health care providers, theatres, banks and local government, to mention a few examples, thus saving time [17].