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. Rapport til Sysselmannen på Svalbard Indre Wijdefjorden med sidefjordar: eit botanisk unikt steppeområde Arve Elvebakk og Lennart Nilsen, Institutt for Biologi, Universitetet I Tromsø Tromsø, 15. oktober 2002 . INNHOLDSFORTEGNELSE I NNLEIING . .4 O MRÅDET . .5 T IDLEGARE BOTANISKE UNDERSØKINGAR . .9 P RIORITET FOR DENNE UNDERSØKINGA . .1 2 M ETODAR FOR DOKUMENTASJON . .1 3 R ESULTAT: JORDDATA . .1 5 R ESULTAT: OMRÅDEBESKRIVING . .1 6 L ok. 1: Nord for Overgangshytta ................ .16 L ok. 2: Utløpet av Jäderindalen, nordsida . .17 L ok. 3: Utløpet av Zeipeldalen, sørsida . .17 L ok. 4: Utløpet av Zeipeldalen, nordsida. .18 L ok. 5: Zeipeldalen, nordsida, ca. 5 km frå utløpet ............................................................................. .20 L ok. 6: Austsida av Wijdefjorden, NV-skråninga av Einsteinfjellet . .20 L ok. 7: Utløpet av Høegdalen, nordsida . .21 L ok 8: Utløpet av Simledalen, nordsida. .22 L ok. 9: Dal ca. 4 km sør for Kapp Petermann . .23 L ok. 10: Vestfjorddalen, utløpet av Kaalaasdalen . .23 L ok. 11: Vestfjorddalen, utløpet av Hagendalen ................ .24 L ok. 12: Vestfjorddalen, utløpet av Bryhndalen ............... .25 L ok. 13: Vestfjorden; Tysneset . .27 L ok. 14: Vestfjorden: Frøysneset ........................................................................................................... .28 L ok 15: Vestfjorddalen: sørskråninga av Ove Dahl-fjellet . .28 L ok. 16: Krosspynten, vest for lagunen . .29 . L ok. 17: 1-1,5 km N for utløpet av Kartdalselva . .29 L ok. 18: Forspynten, vest for laguna . .30 L ok. 19: Utløpet av Purpurdalen, sørsida. .30 L ok. 20: Finnlandsryggen, midtre del, N for elvevifta . .31 Lok. 21. Sørvest-skråninga av Lemströmfjellet: S- og SV-vendt gryteforma terreng 0,8 - 2 km søraust f or Austbotnhytta. ............................................... .32 L ok. 22: Ved Austbotnhytta . .33 L ok. 23: 2-3 km nordaust for Granatodden, ryggar mellom 120 og 200 moh . .33 L ok. 24: 1-3 km sør for utløpet av Smutsdalen . .34 L ok. 25: 1,5 km ESE for Einsteinodden . .39 L ok. 26: Rygg i nordvestskråninga av Einsteinfjellet, 60 - 90 moh. ............................................ .41 L ok. 27: Nord for Austfjordneshytta . .42 L ok. 28: 2 km nord for Austfjordneshytta . .42 L ok. 29: SV-skråninga av Rutherfordfjellet (4 km N for Austfjordneshytta) . .43 L ok. 30: Vestre skråning av Rutherfordfjellet . .43 L ok. 31: Sørvendt skråning på nordsida av utløpet av Reinbukkdalen . .44 L ok. 32. Vestskråninga av Gjallarhornhallet 1 km SE for Drakeholmen . .46 L ok. 33: Nordsida av utløpet av Flatøyrdalen . ..

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Handbok07.Pdf
- . - - - . -. � ..;/, AGE MILL.YEAR$ ;YE basalt �- OUATERNARY votcanoes CENOZOIC \....t TERTIARY ·· basalt/// 65 CRETACEOUS -� 145 MESOZOIC JURASSIC " 210 � TRIAS SIC 245 " PERMIAN 290 CARBONIFEROUS /I/ Å 360 \....t DEVONIAN � PALEOZOIC � 410 SILURIAN 440 /I/ ranite � ORDOVICIAN T 510 z CAM BRIAN � w :::;: 570 w UPPER (J) PROTEROZOIC � c( " 1000 Ill /// PRECAMBRIAN MIDDLE AND LOWER PROTEROZOIC I /// 2500 ARCHEAN /(/folding \....tfaulting x metamorphism '- subduction POLARHÅNDBOK NO. 7 AUDUN HJELLE GEOLOGY.OF SVALBARD OSLO 1993 Photographs contributed by the following: Dallmann, Winfried: Figs. 12, 21, 24, 25, 31, 33, 35, 48 Heintz, Natascha: Figs. 15, 59 Hisdal, Vidar: Figs. 40, 42, 47, 49 Hjelle, Audun: Figs. 3, 10, 11, 18 , 23, 28, 29, 30, 32, 36, 43, 45, 46, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 75 Larsen, Geir B.: Fig. 70 Lytskjold, Bjørn: Fig. 38 Nøttvedt, Arvid: Fig. 34 Paleontologisk Museum, Oslo: Figs. 5, 9 Salvigsen, Otto: Figs. 13, 59 Skogen, Erik: Fig. 39 Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani (SNSK): Fig. 26 © Norsk Polarinstitutt, Middelthuns gate 29, 0301 Oslo English translation: Richard Binns Editor of text and illustrations: Annemor Brekke Graphic design: Vidar Grimshei Omslagsfoto: Erik Skogen Graphic production: Grimshei Grafiske, Lørenskog ISBN 82-7666-057-6 Printed September 1993 CONTENTS PREFACE ............................................6 The Kongsfjorden area ....... ..........97 Smeerenburgfjorden - Magdalene- INTRODUCTION ..... .. .... ....... ........ ....6 fjorden - Liefdefjorden................ 109 Woodfjorden - Bockfjorden........ 116 THE GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF SVALBARD .... ........... ....... .......... ..9 NORTHEASTERN SPITSBERGEN AND NORDAUSTLANDET ........... 123 SVALBARD, PART OF THE Ny Friesland and Olav V Land .. .123 NORTHERN POLAR REGION ...... ... 11 Nordaustlandet and the neigh- bouring islands........................... 126 WHA T TOOK PLACE IN SVALBARD - WHEN? ....
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Analysis of Cultivable Aerobic Bacteria Isolated from Bottom Sediments in the Wijdefjorden Region, Spitsbergen
vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 181–195, 2011 doi: 10.2478/v10183−011−0012−x Analysis of cultivable aerobic bacteria isolated from bottom sediments in the Wijdefjorden region, Spitsbergen Iwona KONIECZNA1*, Barbara WOJTASIK 2, Marek KWINKOWSKI 1, Dorota BURSKA3, Kamil NOWIŃSKI 4, Paulina ŻARNOWIEC 1 and Wiesław KACA1 1 Zakład Mikrobiologii, Instytut Biologii, Uniwersytet Humanistyczno−Przyrodniczy Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, ul. Świętokrzyska 15, 25−406 Kielce, Poland <[email protected]> * corresponding author 2 Katedra Genetyki, Wydział Biologii, Uniwersytet Gdański, Al. Piłsudskiego 46, 81−378 Gdynia, Poland 3 Wydział Oceanologii i Geografii, Uniwersytet Gdański, Al. Piłsudskiego 46, 81−378 Gdynia, Poland 4 Zakład Geografii Pojezierzy, Wydział Oceanologii i Geografii, Uniwersytet Gdański, ul. Bażyńskiego 4, 80−952 Gdańsk, Poland Abstract: The paper presents the first physicochemical and microbiological studies conducted in the northern area of Svalbard (Spitsbergen). Ten sediment samples were collected from the bottom of the longest fjord in the region, Wijdefjorden. Bottom sediments from ten lakes lo− cated along the shores of Wijdefjorden and Woodfjorden were also sampled. Organic matter content (LOI), water content, temperature, pH, and salinity of the sediments were determined. The quantity of aerobic bacteria cultured on various growth media at 4°C, 14°C, and 37°C ranged from 102 to 106 cfu/g of wet sediment mass, depending on the type of sampling station (fjord or lake). The number of bacteria did not correlate with organic matter content. Out of the 37 bacterial strains isolated from Wijdefjorden, 48% and 70% revealed ureolytic and proteolytic activity, respectively. The proportion of freshwater strains with ureolytic and proteolytic activity was 32% and 55%, respectively.
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Seismoacoustic Studies Within Wijdefjorden, Spitsbergen
POLISH POLAR RESEARCH 11 3-4 287—300 1990 Włodzimierz KOWALEWSKI, Stanisław RUDOWSKI and S. Maciej ZALEWSKI Department of Polar and Marine Research Institute of Geophysics Polish Academy of Sciences Księcia Janusza 64 01-452 Warszawa, POLAND Seismoacoustic studies within Wijdefjorden, Spitsbergen ABSTRACT: On the ground of results obtained by the seismoacoustic profiling carried out in 1985 and primary examination of core samples the following main seismoacoustic units are distinguished and characterized: unit A — bedrock, unit B — till and/or compacted glacioma- rine deposit, unit C — glaciomarine ice-front deposit, unit D — glaciomarine mud. These results enabled to present the distribution of seismoacoustic units along the fiord and its extension on the shelf, as well as to determine a relation of bottom structures to Late Vistulianf?) deglaciation and the action of Holocene tributary glaciers, probably during the Little Ice Age. The position of marginal structures corresponding to local retreat stages of the glacier front is also presented. Key words: Arctic, Spitsbergen, bottom sediments, geophysics. Introduction Studies of Spitsbergen fiord were improved after application of the seismoacoustic methods. Such investigation in Spitsbergen area have been initiated of the end of the seventies. The seismoacoustic profiles were done in all round the Spitsbergen shelf (Elverhoi et al. 1983, Elverhoi and Solheim 1983, 1987) and within fiords, most of all on the west coast especially in the Kongsfjorden and Hornsund (Elverhoi et al. 1983, 1987, Elverhoi 1984, Elverhoi and Solheim 1987, Kowalewski et. al. 1987). During the summer 1985 ice and weather conditions enabled to perform investigation in Wijdefjorden (Fig. 1). This paper presents results of inves tigations carried out during the Second Marine Geodynamic Expedition of the Institute of Geophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences to the Spitsbergen region.
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Meddelelser139.Pdf
MEDDELELSER NR. 139 Soviet Geological Research in Svalbard 1962-1992 Extended abstracts of unpublished reports Edited by: A.A. Krasil'scikov Polar Marine Geological Research Expedition NORSK POLARINSTITUTT OSLO 1996 Sponsored by: Russian-Norwegian Joint Venture "SEVOTEAM", St.Petersburg lAse Secretariat, Oslo ©Norsk Polarinstitutt, Oslo 1996 Compilation: AAKrasil'sCikov, M.Ju.Miloslavskij, AV.Pavlov, T.M.Pcelina, D.V.Semevskij, AN.Sirotkin, AM.Teben'kov and E.p.Skatov: Poljamaja morskaja geologorazvedocnaja ekspedicija, Lomonosov - St-Peterburg (Polar Marine Geological Research Expedition, Lomonosov - St.Petersburg) 189510, g. Lomonosov, ul. Pobedy, 24, RUSSIA Figures drawn by: N.G.Krasnova and L.S.Semenova Translated from Russian by: R.V.Fursenko Editor of English text: L.E.Craig Layout: W.K.Dallmann Printed February 1996 Cover photo: AM. Teben'kov: Field camp in Møllerfjorden, northwestem Spitsbergen, summer 1991. ISBN 82-7666-102-5 2 CONTENTS INTRODUCTORY REMARKS by W.K.DALLMANN 6 PREFACE by A.A.KRASIL'SCIKOV 7 1. MAIN FEATURES OF THE GEOLOGY OF SVALBARD 8 KRASIL'SCIKOV ET 1986: Explanatory notes to a series of geological maps of Spitsbergen 8 AL. 2. THE FOLDED BASEMENT 16 KRASIL'SCIKOV& LOPA 1963: Preliminary results ofthe study ofCaledonian granitoids and Hecla TIN Hoek gneis ses in northernSvalbard 16 KRASIL'SCIKOV& ABAKUMOV 1964: Preliminary results ofthe study of the sedimentary-metamorphic Hecla Hoek Complex and Paleozoic granitoids in centralSpitsbergen and northern Nordaustlandet 17 ABAKUMOV 1965: Metamorphic rocks of the Lower
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Analysis of Cultivable Aerobic Bacteria Isolated from Bottom Sediments in the Wijdefjorden Region, Spitsbergen
vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 181–195, 2011 doi: 10.2478/v10183−011−0012−x Analysis of cultivable aerobic bacteria isolated from bottom sediments in the Wijdefjorden region, Spitsbergen Iwona KONIECZNA1*, Barbara WOJTASIK 2, Marek KWINKOWSKI 1, Dorota BURSKA3, Kamil NOWIŃSKI 4, Paulina ŻARNOWIEC 1 and Wiesław KACA1 1 Zakład Mikrobiologii, Instytut Biologii, Uniwersytet Humanistyczno−Przyrodniczy Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, ul. Świętokrzyska 15, 25−406 Kielce, Poland <[email protected]> * corresponding author 2 Katedra Genetyki, Wydział Biologii, Uniwersytet Gdański, Al. Piłsudskiego 46, 81−378 Gdynia, Poland 3 Wydział Oceanologii i Geografii, Uniwersytet Gdański, Al. Piłsudskiego 46, 81−378 Gdynia, Poland 4 Zakład Geografii Pojezierzy, Wydział Oceanologii i Geografii, Uniwersytet Gdański, ul. Bażyńskiego 4, 80−952 Gdańsk, Poland Abstract: The paper presents the first physicochemical and microbiological studies conducted in the northern area of Svalbard (Spitsbergen). Ten sediment samples were collected from the bottom of the longest fjord in the region, Wijdefjorden. Bottom sediments from ten lakes lo− cated along the shores of Wijdefjorden and Woodfjorden were also sampled. Organic matter content (LOI), water content, temperature, pH, and salinity of the sediments were determined. The quantity of aerobic bacteria cultured on various growth media at 4°C, 14°C, and 37°C ranged from 102 to 106 cfu/g of wet sediment mass, depending on the type of sampling station (fjord or lake). The number of bacteria did not correlate with organic matter content. Out of the 37 bacterial strains isolated from Wijdefjorden, 48% and 70% revealed ureolytic and proteolytic activity, respectively. The proportion of freshwater strains with ureolytic and proteolytic activity was 32% and 55%, respectively.
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Meddelelser008.Pdf (1.169Mb)
Særtrykk av Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift, Bind li, Hefte 7, 1929 JOHANNES LID MARISKARDET PA SVALBARD FRIDTJOVISACHSEN TIDLIGERE UTFORSKNING AV OM RADET MELLEN ISFJORDEN OG WIJDEBAY PA SVALBARD A. W. BRØGGERS BOKTRYKKERI A/S - OSLO MARISKARDET PÅ SVALBARD Av JOHANNES LID MED I KART OG 7 TEKSTFJGURER ommeren 1924 var jeg som medlem av Den norske Svalbard S ekspedisjon optatt med botaniske undersøkelser forskjellige steder i Isfjorden. Efter at jeg den første del av sommeren hadde arbeidet i mere kjente trakter på sørsiden av fjorden, kom jeg i begynnelsen av august nordover til Dicksonfjorden. Hei: fikk jeg sammen med to kamerater, konservator Ove Arbo Høeg og stud. philol. Fridtjov Isachsen, anledning til å foreta lengere utferder til de før næsten ukjente strøk nord for Dicksonfjorden. Resultatene av de botaniske undersøkelser vil bli fremlagt et annet sted. Her skal jeg gi en kort skildring av landskapet omkring overgangen mellem Dicksonfjorden i Isfjordområdet og Wijdefjorden på Nordkysten. I den tid vi opholdt oss i strøket mellem disse to fjorder, gikk vi flere ganger over fjellet fra den ene fjord til den annen gjennem et skar som er blitt hetende Mariskardet. Natten mellem 14. og 15. august gjorde vi først en rekognoseringstur fra Fiskeneset i Dickson fjorden til den nedre ende av Universitetsmorenen i Vestfjorddalen og tilbake igjen. Under Skuggefjellet i Vestfjorddalen la vi ned et depot med proviant for 8 dager. 17. august gikk vi atter fra Fiske neset gjennem Mariskardet til Vestfjorddalen hvor vi slo leir ved depotet under Skuggefjellet. I de følgende 6 dager gjorde vi flere lengere turer utover på begge sider av Vestfjorden, over til Aust fjorden, og opover Universitetsbreen til Mariskardet.
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Late Quaternary Glacier and Sea‐Ice History of Northern Wijdefjorden
bs_bs_banner Late Quaternary glacier and sea-ice history of northern Wijdefjorden, Svalbard LIS ALLAART , JULIANE MULLER,€ ANDERS SCHOMACKER, TOM A. RYDNINGEN, LENA HAKANSSON, SOFIA E. KJELLMAN , GESINE MOLLENHAUER AND MATTHIAS FORWICK Allaart,L., Muller,J.,Schomacker,A.,Rydningen,T.A.,H€ akansson, L.,Kjellman,S.E., Mollenhauer,G.&Forwick, M.: Late Quaternary glacier and sea-ice history of northern Wijdefjorden, Svalbard. Boreas. https://doi.org/10.1111/ bor.12435. ISSN 0300-9483. The deglaciation history and Holocene environmental evolution of northern Wijdefjorden, Svalbard, are reconstructed using sediment cores and acoustic data (multibeam swath bathymetry and sub-bottom profiler data). Results reveal that the fjord mouth was deglaciated prior to 14.5Æ0.3 cal. ka BP and deglaciation occurred in a stepwise manner. Biomarker analyses show rapid variations in water temperature and sea ice cover during the deglaciation, and cold conditions during the YoungerDryas, followed by minimum sea ice coverthroughout the Early Holocene, until c. 7 cal. ka BP.Most of the glaciers in Wijdefjorden had retreated onto land by c. 7.6Æ0.2 cal. ka BP. Subsequently, the sea-ice extent increased and remained high throughout the last part of the Holocene. We interpret a high Late Holocene sediment accumulation rate in the northernmost core to reflect increased sediment flux to the site from the outlet of the adjacent lake Femmilsjøen, related to glacier growth in the Femmilsjøen catchment area. Furthermore, increased sea ice cover, lower water temperatures and the re-occurrence of ice-rafted debris indicate increased local glacier activityand overall coolerconditions in Wijdefjorden afterc. 0.5 cal. ka BP.Wesummarize our findings in a conceptual model for the depositional environment in northern Wijdefjorden from the Late Weichselian until present.
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Sommerfeltia 33 (2009) 3
SOMMERFELTIA 33 (2009) 3 Øvstedal, D. O., Tønsberg, T. & Elvebakk, A. 2009. The lichen flora of Svalbard. – Sommerfeltia 33: 1−393. ISBN 82-7420-029-2. ISSN 0800-6865. 742 species, including 151 reported for the first time, are treated from Svalbard (exclusive of Bjørnøya). New to science are: Bryocaulon hyperborea Øvstedal (also known from Greenland), Buellia insu- laris Øvstedal, Lepraria svalbardensis Tønsberg, Placynthium pulvinatum Øvstedal (also recorded from mainland Norway), Rhizocarpon dahlii Øvstedal, R. tephromelae Øvstedal, and Tephromela lucifuga Øvstedal & Tønsberg. New combinations are: Aspicilia major (Lynge) Øvstedal, Aspicilia punctiformis (Lynge) Øvstedal, Cetraria racemosa (Lynge) Øvstedal, Miriquidica picea (Lynge) Øvstedal, and Stereocaulon compactum (I. M. Lamb) Øvstedal. Information on morphology, anatomy, chemistry, substrate preferences and distribution is included for all taxa. Keys to genera and species are provided. Separate keys are provided for sorediate species on rock and on soil/bryophytes. 6 % of the species are defined as cosmopolitan. More than one third has a bipolar distribution, whereas about 60 % are restricted to the Northern Hemisphere, 52 species are high-arctic and lacking from Fennoscandia, and 12 species are at present known as Svalbard endemics. Keywords: Ascomycetes, Bacidiomycetes, Lichens, Arctic, Svalbard, Flora, Taxonomy. Dag Olav Øvstedal and Tor Tønsberg, Museum of Natural History, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, P.O. Box 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. Arve Elvebakk, Tromsø University Museum, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway. 28 SOMMERFELTIA 33 (2009) INTRODUCTION Svalbard means “the land with the cold coasts”, and the land is indeed cold, with winter temperatures often below −20 ºC, and with plant life struggling to survive.
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Polar Hydrology R E P O
Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate Telephone: +47 22 95 95 95 Middelthunsgate 29 Telefax: +47 22 95 90 00 PB. 5091 Majorstua, N-0301 Oslo Norway Internet: www.nve.no P.O.Box 5091 Majorstua Polar hydrology Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate’s work in Svalbard Monica Sund 2 2008 REPORT Polar hydrology Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate’s work in Svalbard Monica Sund Norwegian Water Resources- and Energy Directorate 2008 1 Report nr 2 -2008 Polar hydrology – Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate’s work in Svalbard Published by: Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate Author: Monica Sund Print: NVEs hustrykkeri Number printed: 50 Cover photo: Waterfall in Eskerdalen (Sverre Husebye, NVE) Other photographs used in this report are from: John Brittain (JB) Sverre Husebye (SH) Lars-Evan Pettersson (LEP) Kjell Repp (KR) Monica Sund (MS) English correction: Miriam Jackson Abstract: The report introduces with a general description of the climate and hydrological conditions as a background for information on NVE’s work in Svalbard. The hydrological stations that NVE has operated in Svalbard since 1989 are treated, as well as examples of the collected data (from the stations). The climatic conditions in Svalbard introduce special challenges regarding the establishment and the operation of hydrological stations. Short overviews of the different projects where NVE has been involved are given. Finally, publications by NVE personnel and by external authors where data from NVE’s stations used, are listed. Subject words : polar, hydrology, arctic, Svalbard, Spitsbergen, water balance, discharge, sediment Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate Middelthunsgate 29 Postboks 5091 Majorstua N-0301 OSLO Telephone: 22 95 95 95 Telefax: 22 95 90 00 Internett: www.nve.no April 2008 2 Contents Preface................................................................................................
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The Svalbard Plant Collection in the Arctic Herbarium at the University of Lancaster (LANC)
The Svalbard plant collection in the Arctic herbarium at the University of Lancaster (LANC) Michael J. Y. Foley Faraday Building, Department of Biological Science, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YA, U.K. [email protected] Details of preserved plant specimens collected from the Svalbard archipelago which are currently retained in the Arctic herbarium of the University of Lancaster herbarium (LANC) are given below. The Svalbard section is part of a larger collection which covers the whole of the arctic region. It is possible that at some date in the future the arctic collection may be housed elsewhere. A short paper outlining the background to, and details of, the collection is published in Watsonia 27 : 361–364 (2009) . In the list which follows, each of the individual collections is summarised. Details are taken directly from the sheets and include locality, date, collector and collection number, geographical coordinates (where known) and ecological notes. Where critical species have been determined or confirmed, this is also indicated. The taxonomic classification given is that of the original collector(s) and/or herbarium compiler and, in only a few cases, has this been modified or updated. Locality names are as given on the sheets and the systematic arrangement follows that currently in use in the arctic herbarium. Especially for non-critical species, where correct identification can be relied upon, it is hoped that this document will provide information to anyone interested in the collecting history, distribution, and ecology of Spitsbergen plants without having the necessity to physically search through all of the sheets in the collection.
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The Lichen Allocetraria Madreporiformis in High-Arctic Steppes on Svalbard: a Result of Out-Of-Tibet Migration?
The lichen Allocetraria madreporiformis in high-arctic steppes on Svalbard: a result of out-of-Tibet migration? ARVE ELVEBAKK, JARLE W. BJERKE and LENNART NILSEN Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J.W. & Nilsen, L. 2018. The lichen Allocetraria madreporiformis in high-arctic steppes on Svalbard: a result of out-of-Tibet migration? Graphis Scripta 30 (1): 1–11. Oslo. ISSN 2002-4495. Allocetraria madreporiformis is a small, finger-like, fruticose lichen with isolated occurrences in the inner fiord section of the long, straight fiord Wijdefjorden in Svalbard. Several new localities are added and mapped here, and we show that the species is confined to exclusive high-arctic steppe habitats on fine- textured, moderately alkaline soil, exposed to wind erosion and aeolian transport of silt and sand. It avoids the most saline steppes and adjacent tundra areas, as indicated by numerous pH samples of mineral soils from sites with and without occurrences of A. madreporiformis. In this open habitat, all otherwise common arctic- alpine fruticose lichen species were absent or extremely rare, and a cryptogamic cover was very depauperate. On Svalbard, this species is an exclusive character species of the steppe areas in Inner Wijdefjorden National Park. The genus Allocetraria is strongly centred in the Sino-Himalayan area. It is discussed here that it probably evolved as a response to the very extensive new habitats formed during a series of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau uplift and orogeny events taking place 25–1.6 Ma. This and other aspects affecting current classification alternatives of cetrarioid lichens are also discussed. The habitat preferences of A. madreporiformis appear to have been largely defined by the conditions of its probable area of origin in steppe-like habitats of the northern part of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
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Sommerfeltia 33 (2009) 3
SOMMERFELTIA 33 (2009) 3 Øvstedal, D. O., Tønsberg, T. & Elvebakk, A. 2009. The lichen flora of Svalbard. – Sommerfeltia 33: 1−393. ISBN 82-7420-029-2. ISSN 0800-6865. 742 species, including 151 reported for the first time, are treated from Svalbard (exclusive of Bjørnøya). New to science are: Bryocaulon hyperborea Øvstedal (also known from Greenland), Buellia insu- laris Øvstedal, Lepraria svalbardensis Tønsberg, Placynthium pulvinatum Øvstedal (also recorded from mainland Norway), Rhizocarpon dahlii Øvstedal, R. tephromelae Øvstedal, and Tephromela lucifuga Øvstedal & Tønsberg. New combinations are: Aspicilia major (Lynge) Øvstedal, Aspicilia punctiformis (Lynge) Øvstedal, Cetraria racemosa (Lynge) Øvstedal, Miriquidica picea (Lynge) Øvstedal, and Stereocaulon compactum (I. M. Lamb) Øvstedal. Information on morphology, anatomy, chemistry, substrate preferences and distribution is included for all taxa. Keys to genera and species are provided. Separate keys are provided for sorediate species on rock and on soil/bryophytes. 6 % of the species are defined as cosmopolitan. More than one third has a bipolar distribution, whereas about 60 % are restricted to the Northern Hemisphere, 52 species are high-arctic and lacking from Fennoscandia, and 12 species are at present known as Svalbard endemics. Keywords: Ascomycetes, Bacidiomycetes, Lichens, Arctic, Svalbard, Flora, Taxonomy. Dag Olav Øvstedal and Tor Tønsberg, Museum of Natural History, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, P.O. Box 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. Arve Elvebakk, Tromsø University Museum, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway. 28 SOMMERFELTIA 33 (2009) INTRODUCTION Svalbard means “the land with the cold coasts”, and the land is indeed cold, with winter temperatures often below −20 ºC, and with plant life struggling to survive.
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