Dr. Thomas Nathaniel Harris Nathaniel Thomas Dr.

Cost- $6 adults and $4 students students $4 and adults $6 Cost-

rain. Reservations required, (251)208-7281. (251)208-7281. required, Reservations rain.

Dr. James A. Franklin House Franklin A. James Dr. DR. H. Roger Williams Drug Store Drug Williams Roger H. DR. noon. Walking Tour is automatically canceled by by canceled automatically is Tour Walking noon.

Streets on the third Wednesday of each month at at month each of Wednesday third the on Streets

James Reese Europe Home Site Home Europe Reese James Unity Point Unity Square at the corner of Claiborne and Dauphin and Claiborne of corner the at Square

– Meet in Cathedral in Meet – Tours Walking Downtown 4)

Fort Condé Fort Union Baptist Church Baptist Union School Bus Tours available after 1/1/11. after available Tours Bus School

www.mobilehd.org/aaht for booking instructions. booking for www.mobilehd.org/aaht

Chain of Finley ’s Drug Stores Drug ’s Finley of Chain Wallace Turnage Wallace grade classes. Review website at at website Review classes. grade

- Bus Tours are designed for 4th 4th for designed are Tours Bus - Tours Bus School 3)

Emerson Institute Emerson www.mobilehd.org/aaht for self-guided tours. tours. self-guided for www.mobilehd.org/aaht Stone Street Baptist Church Baptist Street Stone

are accessible from AAHT website, AAHT from accessible are

- Detailed maps and narration narration and maps Detailed - Tours Driving Self 2) Emanuel A.M.E. Church A.M.E. Emanuel State Street A.M.E. Zion Church Zion A.M.E. Street State

(251)208-7281 at today Book person. per

Cost- $7 $7 Cost- driver. your for map a with tour the rate Creole Firehouse #1 Firehouse Creole

Baptist Church Baptist

vate tour. A guide will board your bus and will nar- will and bus your board will guide A tour. vate

ST. Louis Street Missionary Missionary Street Louis ST.

- Groups may charter a pri- a charter may Groups - Tours Bus on Step 1) Vernon Z. Crawford Law Firm Law Crawford Z. Vernon

Several versions of tours are available: are tours of versions Several

Slave Market Slave

Cook’s House, Oakleigh House, Cook’s

GET READY FOR THE RIDE BACK IN TIME. IN BACK RIDE THE FOR READY GET

Saint Martin de Porres Hospital Porres de Martin Saint

UNTIL YOU KNOW WHERE YOU’VE BEEN. YOU’VE WHERE KNOW YOU UNTIL C. H. Council School Council H. C.

YOU CAN’T KNOW WHERE YOU’RE GOING GOING YOU’RE WHERE KNOW CAN’T YOU

Africatown/Plateau Graveyard /Plateau

Church of the Good Shepherd Good the of Church

gumbo of history as revealed by Mobile’s past. past. Mobile’s by revealed as history of gumbo

Leroy “Satchel” Paige Home Site Home Paige “Satchel” Leroy ence, participants will develop a taste for the rich rich the for taste a develop will participants ence,

Christian Benevolent Funeral Home Funeral Benevolent Christian

- experi Trail Heritage American African the Through

Dave Patton House Patton Dave

Central/Dunbar High School High Central/Dunbar force, and public offices. public and force,

gation of the city’s schools, private sector work- sector private schools, city’s the of gation

Archives and Museum and Archives

C ampground Neighborhood ampground C • The Civil Rights advocates integral to the desegre- the to integral advocates Rights Civil The •

al African-American Heritage Heritage African-American al Nation later renamed Dr. Martin Luther King Avenue King Luther Martin Dr. renamed later

C. First Johnson House Johnson First C.

ironically for Jefferson Davis - Davis Avenue, and Avenue, Davis - Davis Jefferson for ironically

C atholic Church atholic C • African-Americans who settled in an area named area an in settled who African-Americans •

Most Pure Heart of Mary Mary of Heart Pure Most School aldwell Academy/C Street Broad some of the oldest churches in Alabama in churches oldest the of some

• Newly freed blacks who worshipped and built and worshipped who blacks freed Newly •

Mobile County Training School Training County Mobile Church Zion A.M.E Zion Big ship to enter the US in 1860 1860 in US the enter to ship

• African survivors from the Clotilda, the last slave last the Clotilda, the from survivors African •

Bettie Hunter House Hunter Bettie Michael Donald Avenue Donald Michael • The early Creoles de Color de Creoles early The •

the following stories: following the

Basilica of the Immaculate Conception Immaculate the of Basilica Johnson and Allen Mortuary Allen and Johnson tive is to share Mobile’s multicultural legacy through through legacy multicultural Mobile’s share to is tive

- objec primary Trail’s Heritage African-American The

A.N. Johnson Publishing Johnson A.N. Africatown

past.

and contributions from Mobile’s ethnically diverse diverse ethnically Mobile’s from contributions and

John LeFlore’s Office LeFlore’s John Park and Playground Aaron’s Hank

tory are remembered through the stories of courage courage of stories the through remembered are tory

- his of chapters Forgotten locations. significant with

HISTORIC SITES HISTORIC

heritage by linking historic contributions and events events and contributions historic linking by heritage

tage Trail! Tours highlight Mobile’s culturally diverse diverse culturally Mobile’s highlight Tours Trail! tage

AFRIC AN-AMERIC AN HERITAGE TRAIL TRAIL HERITAGE AN AN-AMERIC AFRIC

- Heri African-American the on alive comes History

African-American Heritage African-American trail

The City and County of Mobile have authorized a steering committee to create an African-Ameri- can Heritage Trail in discovery of Mobile’s unique and virtually unexplored multicultural legacy.

Our Sincerest Thanks to: African-American Heritage Trail Organizer- City Councilman William Carroll, District 2

Historic Markers Funded by: Hon. Samuel L. Jones, Mayor Councilman William Carroll, District 2 Councilman Fredrick Richardson, Jr., District 1 County Commissioner, Merceria Ludgood

Historic Tours funded by: County Commissioner Merceria Ludgood

Special Recognitions: Dr. Neil L. Norman of the Department of Anthropology, The College of William & Mary for Africatown Archaeological Projects.

Dr. Joe’l Lewis of the Instructional Design Department, The University of South Alabama for the School Bus Tour Curriculum.

Mobile County School Board Southern Poverty Law Center Kimberly-Clark Corporation

Archival Photographs courtesy of: Contact information: The University of South Alabama Archives Mobile Historic Development Commission P.O. Box 1827 Mobile, AL 36633-1827 African-American Heritage Trail Committee 251-208-7281 Devereaux Bemis Sandra Franks www.mobilehd.org/aaht

Chandra Brown Dr. Kern Jackson All rights reserved. No part of this brochure may be copied, stored or repro- Dora Finley Marcia Robinson duced in anyway without prior permission from the Mobile Historic Develop- Sheila Flanagan John Sledge ment Commission/African American Heritage Trail.

Listen to their struggle, feel their determination Recognize their courage

Courtsey of 1 The University of South Alabama Archives. 3 A.N. Johnson - Successful entrepreneur and community advo- celebrate their accomplishments! Basilica of the Immaculate Conception - Records of the parish cate at the turn of the century. He owned People’s Drug Store, date back to 1704 and record the births, baptisms, marriages Johnson Mortuary, and published the “Mobile Weekly Press”. and deaths of Mobile’s diverse people.

Courtesy of The University of South Alabama Archives.

Courtesy of 4 6 7 8 Historical Society of the Town of Photo used by permission from Greenwich, Conn. 10 the Pearl Madison family. 13 Bettie Hunter House - Built in 1878 and listed in the National Caldwell/ Broad Street Academy - Broad Street Academy was the Home of Christopher First Johnson - Founded The Union Mutual Wallace Turnage - was a self emancipated slave who escaped Christian Benevolent Funeral Home - First Alabama mortuary Creole Fire Station #1 - The first volunteer fire company in Ala- Register of Historic Places. In 1876 Hunter operated a profitable first public high school in Mobile for African-Americans. Founded Aid Association - Mobile’s first black life insurance company. By during the Battle of Mobile Bay. His personal narrative was pub- owned by an African- American woman, Mrs. Pearl Johnson bama. Founded in 1819 by members of Mobile’s Creole com- carriage business in downtown Mobile. in 1887. William A. Caldwell was its first principal. 1920 Johnson had written over $9 million of insurance. He was lished in the book “A Slave No More” written by Dr. David Blight. Madison. munity. the ninth pastor of St.Louis Street Baptist Church.

Courtsey of The University of South Alabama Archives. Photo courtesy of the Franklin/Finley Family

14 15 16 17 20 Photos used by permission of the Finley Family. 21 Dave Patton - Early black entrepreneur- constructed the founda- Dr. T.N. Harris -The first licensed African-American physician in Home of Dr. J. A. Franklin - (1886-1972) Served the communi- Dunbar/Central High School - Produced a culturally diverse cur- Chain of Finley’s Drug Stores - First chain of black owned drug Fort Conde - Built by African and Native American slaves. Five tion of the Saenger Theater, Murphy High School and many Mobile. He established Mobile’s first medical facility for blacks in ty’s medical needs for fifty-three years and opened his home to riculum that exposed students and the African-American com- stores in Alabama. James Finley was also vice-president of the free black masons also contributed to the construction of the roads in early twentieth century Mobile. 1905. famous black celebrities during the Jim Crow era. munity to the arts during the Jim Crow era. Neighborhood Organized Workers and a civil rights advocate dur- brick fort built in 1711. ing the sixties.

Courtesy of The University of South Alabama Archives

Leroy “Satchel” Paige Photo courtesy of the Baseball started his career in 1924 Hall of Fame. when he tried out for the Mobile Tigers semi pro baseball team.

Courtesy of Courtesy of The University of South Alabama The University of South Alabama Gracious permission given by 22 23 24 Archives 25 Archives. 26 27 the family of Michael Donald. Henry “Hammerin Hank” Aaron - Baseball Hall of Famer best James Reese Europe - He was born in Mobile in 1881. He orga- John LeFlore Non Partisan Voter’s League Office - instrumental Johnson and Allen Mortuary - Alabama’s oldest black mortuary. Leroy Robert “Satchel” Paige Home Site - At fifty-nine, he became Michael Donald Avenue - Location of the place where the last known for setting the record of the most home runs in a careernized The Clef Club Orchestra, the first band to play proto-jazz at in desegregating schools, rail cars, postal service, and the police Clarence Allen and Edgar Harney purchased the funeral home in the oldest player in the major leagues and arguably the best black man was lynched in Mobile. (755). Hank Aaron was born in 1934 in Mobile, Alabama. Carnegie Hall in 1912. force in Mobile. 1904 from A.N. Johnson. The Allen family has continuously oper- baseball pitcher in history. ated the facility since that time.

Courtesy of The University of South Alabama 29 30 31 32 Archives. 33 Photos courtesy Archdiocese of Mobile 34 Most Pure Heart of Mary Church - First African-American Catholic National African American Archives - designed as a miniature Plateau Graveyard - Final resting place of the Clotilda survivors in Dr. H. Roger Williams’ Drug Stores - First black owned drug store Saint Martin De Porres Hospital - The first hospital established for Slave Market- John Ragland’s Slave Market where Africans were Church in the City of Mobile. Supported the Civil Rights Move- replica of the Mobile Public Library and only option for black Africa Town. Obelisk marking Cudjo Lewis’ grave was in Mobile. Live and Let Live opened in 1901. Dr. Williams was a African-Americans in Mobile. Provided black physicians with sur- sold as chattel to southern planters through public auction in ment during the 60’s. Mobilians during the Jim Crow. era donated by the Delta Sigma Theta Sorority. published writer, poet , and orator. gical facilities when its building was completed in 1950. Mobile during the nineteenth century.

Courtesy of Courtesy of The University of South Alabama The University of South Alabama 35 36 37 38 Archives. 39 Archives. 40 St. Louis Missionary Baptist Church - Organized in 1853. In 1874, State Street AME Zion Church - founded in 1820 and listed in the Stone Street Baptist Church - Alabama‘s oldest African-American Union Baptist Church - African survivors of the Clotilda organized Vernon Crawford, Esq. - Established the first African-American Unity Point - Two leaders Joseph Langan and John L.. LaFlore the resolution to establish Selma University was adopted at the National Register. An historic court battle in 1872 declared the Baptist congregation founded in 1806 by slaves freed by their Union Baptist Church in 1869 in Africatown. Cudjo Lewis, was law firm in Mobile. Successfully argued “Birdie Mae Davis” case knew the secret long ago: “It’s our ability to put aside our dif- Alabama Baptist Convention held at this church. African-American Congregation the legal owners. master. the last survivor of the Clotilda. He died in 1935. and landmark “Bolden vs. City of Mobile”. ferences and unite around common goals”. Statue sculpted by Casey Downing.