ISSN 1313-2970 (online) ISSN 1313-2989 (print)

ZooKeys 1018 A peer-reviewed open-access journal

2021

Launched to accelerate biodiversity research comprise the true leaf , a subordinated clade within the plant mimicking lineage of . While most phasmatodeans exhibit an elongated and slender body form to camouflage perfectly in the foliage, among branches or on bark, leaf insects mastered the imitation of angiosperm leaves. CRYPTOPHYLLIUM, THE HIDDEN

Of the five phylliid genera, the majority of species are attributed to , which LEAF INSECTS – DESCRIPTIONS OF A comprises 65 of the 89 currently described and valid Phylliidae species. In previous NEW LEAF AND studies on Phasmatodea, the Phylliidae were always recovered as monophyletic whereas Phyllium itself appeared to be paraphyletic. Thus, the Phyllium are in need of a thorough THIRTEEN SPECIES FROM THE phylogenetic analysis. Taxonomically, Phyllium is further divided into four subgenera: FORMER CELEBICUM SPECIES GROUP Phyllium, Pulchriphyllium, and the recently described Comptaphyllium and Walaphyllium. For the two traditional subgenera Phyllium and Pulchriphyllium, an intra-generic systematization (PHASMATODEA, PHYLLIIDAE) had been proposed in order to facilitate differentiation in a taxonomical context. The subdivision of the most diverse subgenus Phyllium (Phyllium) into the siccifolium and by celebicum species groups was mainly based on the presence of developed alae in females of Royce T. Cumming, Sarah Bank, Joachim Bresseel, Jérôme Constant, the latter, a problematic character in a group with strong sexual dimorphism and several STéphane Le Tirant, Zhiwei Dong, Gontran Sonet, Sven Bradler species only known from single sexes.

The celebicum species group currently contains 13 of the 42 species of the Phyllium (Phyllium) with a distribution spanning from Sri Lanka over southern China and mainland to the Philippines, Sulawesi, and Micronesia. Here, we aim to review the Phyllium (Phyllium) celebicum species group by extensive investigation of morphology as well as analysis of molecular data to test whether the taxon represents a monophyletic group, to confirm matching of sexes, to identify undescribed species, and reveal potential hidden (cryptic) diversity within the lineage. We also formally describe any new species for which species status appears warranted based on the obtained morphological and/or molecular data.

Within the new genus Cryptophyllium is described to partially accommodate the former celebicum species group of Phyllium (Phyllium), characterized by males with a two hooked vomer.

Cryptophyllium bollensi Cumming, gen. et sp. nov.

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