Classification Notes Outline
Name ______Date______per____
Classification Notes Outline
} Binomial Nomenclature -
} The first part of the name is ______. The second part of the name is ______.
EX – “Homo” is the ______, “sapiens” is the ______.
} The 5 Rules of Nomenclature:
- The ______is a noun and is ______
- The ______is an adjective and is ______
- If writing by hand ______each word ______
- If typing the name ______it
5. If used repeatedly first write it fully out, then you can ______the Genus (Ex. H. sapiens)
Hierarchical System is
D______, K______, P______, C______, O______, F______, G______, S______
Phylogeny
Phylogeny is the study of ______among organisms.
When a lineage splits (speciation), it is represented as branching on a phylogeny. When a speciation event occurs, a single ancestral lineage gives rise to two or more daughter lineages
Cladogram
} Diagram used to
REMEMBER: Viruses – NONLIVING
} Cell Type: NONE because ______
} Cell wall: Not a cell just a ______
} Body Type: N/A
} Nutrition: N/A
} Reproduction: Replication requiring a host cell
} Examples: influenza and HIV and Ebola
Lytic Cycle – virus enters, makes copies, and then causes cell to burst (Ex. )
Lysogenic Cycle – virus integrates DNA into host DNA and stays dormant replicating; later going into lytic cycle (ex. )
6 KINGDOMS
Bacteria (Archae and Eubacteria)
How are bacteria classified?
1. 2. 3.
Cell Shape
coccus (cocci)- bacillus (bacilli)- spirilli -
Cell Wall
a. Gram positive ______the dye and looks ______
• These bacteria have a single cell wall layer made of ______. (strep/staph)
b. Gram negative ______the dye (has a ______) and look ______
• Gram negative bacteria are usually more resistant to ______(like penicillin) and cause more severe infections.(menengitis/gonorrhorea)
How They Use Energy
Bacteria have various relationships with oxygen. Some require it to live, others die if exposed to it.
◦ ______- these bacteria require ______(ex. Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
◦ ______- these bacteria live in the ______of oxygen. (Ex. Clostridium botulinum)
◦ ______- They dont require ______to survive, but aren’t killed by it. (ex. E. coli)
CHART – FILL IN ARCHAEBACTERIA & EUBACTERIA
} Bacteria are BOTH helpful and harmful:
Diseases Caused by Bacteria:
Protista Kingdom
CHART –FILL IN THE PROTIST
How Protists Move!!
} Flagella-
} Cilia-
} Pseudopod-
Diseases associated with Animal- like protists:
Plant-Like Protists
Can be unicellular and/or ______
Some Examples good and Bad:
Fungus-Like Protists (cellular slime mold, Acellular slime mold, water mold)
} UNLIKE true fungi because:______
} Caused what disease in crops:
Fungi Kingdom
GO TO YOUR CHART – AND FILL IN THE FUNGI COLUMN
} Once the ______enter the insect's body, they ______rapidly and ______body tissues
______Effects of ______
} 1. Plant Diseases From Fungi
Corn Smut-
Mildews-
Factors that ______fungal growth = ______
2. Fungi will ______.
3. Fungi cause ______:
(Athlete's Foot, Ring Worm, Yeast Infections)
______ effects for Humans
1. Penicillin mold :
2. Some are ______:
3. Used in food ______:
Fungi are also ______to the ______!
1. Fungi are ______ ,
2. Lichen – has a ______relationship (______)
Fungus + Algae.
- Fungus gets
-The algae get
3. Mycorrhizae – a ______relationship (mutualistic)
Fungus + Plant roots.
Fungal hyphae extend into the ______and ______, helping the plant ______nutrients.
Plant provides the fungi with
Plantae Kingdom
GO TO YOUR CHART – AND FILL IN THE PLANTAE COLUMN
Animalia Kingdom
GO TO YOUR CHART – AND FILL IN THE ANIMALIA COLUMN
Asymmetry means: ______
Radial symmetry means: ______
Bilateral symmetry means: ______
Body Plan: Coelom is a fluid filled body cavity that is lined with tissue derived from mesoderm.
INVERTEBRATES – animals with NO ______or vertebral column.
· ______: asymmetry & acoelomate
· ______: bilateral (flatworms = acoelomate) (Roundworms = pseudocoelom) (Segmented = true coelom)
· ______: radial & acoelomate
· ______: bilateral & true coelom (Gastropods =______) (Bivalves = ______) ( Cephalalopods = headfoot/tentacles)
· ______: bilateral (Crustaceans=2 body segments) (Spiders=2 body segments) (Insects=3 body segments)
·
· ______: radial & coelom
CHORDATES
} Four structural characteristics set chordates apart from all other phyla:
◦ ______(provides support (it acts like our backbone) and increases swimming efficiency)
◦ ______(respiratory structures)
◦ ______(follow the anus with a tail of variable length -again, an adaptation for locomotion).
Important Vocab.
◦ Ectotherm –
◦ Endotherm –
Class Agnathans (______)
} Examples:
} Skeleton Type:
} Heart
} Temperature control:
} Respiration:
Class Chondrichthyes (______)
} Examples:
} Skeleton Type:
} Heart:
} Temperature control:
} Respiration:
Class Osteictheys (______)
} Examples:
} Skeleton Type:
} Heart:
} Temperature control:
} Respiration:
Class Amphibia = “______”
} Examples:
} Heart:
} Temperature control:
} Respiration:
Class Reptilia
} Examples:
} Heart:
} Temperature control:
} Respiration: lungs
Class Aves (______)
} Examples:
} Heart:
} Temperature control:
} Respiration: lungs
Class Mammalia
} Examples:
} Heart:
} Temperature control:
} Respiration: lungs
Mammalia Reproduction Diversity
} Monotreme –
} Marsupial –
} Placental –