Chemistry Study Guide
Chemistry (CP) Study Guide
First Trimester Exam December 4
The first trimester exam will ask 100 questions from chapters 1 thru 5. Questions will be based on this study guide attached.
Matching
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. / organic chemistry / d. / analytical chemistryb. / inorganic chemistry / e. / physical chemistry
c. / biochemistry
____1.the study of the processes that take place in organisms
____2.concerned with the mechanism, rate, and energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change
____3.the study of all chemicals containing carbon
____4.the study of the composition of matter
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. / mixture / d. / reactantb. / product / e. / heterogeneous mixture
c. / phase / f. / vapor
____5.gaseous state of substance that is a liquid or solid at room temperature
____6.a physical blend of two or more components
____7.part of a sample having uniform composition and properties
____8.not uniform in composition
____9.a substance formed in a chemical reaction
____10.starting substance in a chemical reaction
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. / distillation / d. / compoundb. / mass / e. / element
c. / chemical reaction / f. / homogeneous
____11.amount of matter an object contains
____12.describes mixture with a uniform composition
____13.a process in which a liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that is condensed again into a liquid
____14.substance that cannot be changed into simpler substances by chemical means
____15.composed of two or more substances chemically combined in a fixed proportion
____16.process in which substances are changed into different substances
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. / absolute zero / e. / massb. / Kelvin temperature scale / f. / significant figure
c. / Celsius temperature scale / g. / precision
d. / weight / h. / accuracy
____17.closeness to true value
____18.known or estimated in a measurement
____19.the quantity of matter an object contains
____20.the lowest point on the Kelvin scale
____21.the SI scale for temperature
____22.the force of gravity on an object
____23.the non-SI scale for temperature
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. / proton / d. / electronb. / nucleus / e. / neutron
c. / atom
____24.the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element
____25.a positively charged subatomic particle
____26.a negatively charged subatomic particle
____27.a subatomic particle with no charge
____28.the central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. / mass number / d. / atomic massb. / atomic mass unit / e. / isotope
c. / atomic number
____29.atoms with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
____30.the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
____31.the number of protons in the nucleus of an element
____32.the weighted average of the masses of the isotopes of an element
____33.one-twelfth the mass of a carbon atom having six protons and six neutrons
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. / atomic orbital / d. / ground stateb. / aufbau principle / e. / Pauli exclusion principle
c. / electron configuration / f. / Heisenberg uncertainty principle
____34.region of high probability of finding an electron
____35.states the impossibility of knowing both velocity and position of a moving particle at the same time
____36.lowest energy level
____37.tendency of electrons to enter orbitals of lowest energy first
____38.arrangement of electrons around atomic nucleus
____39.each orbital has at most two electrons
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. / atomic emission spectrum / d. / photonb. / frequency / e. / quantum
c. / wavelength / f. / spectrum
____40.discrete bundle of electromagnetic energy
____41.energy needed to move an electron from one energy level to another
____42.number of wave cycles passing a point per unit of time
____43.distance between wave crests
____44.separation of light into different wavelengths
____45.frequencies of light emitted by an element
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____46.Which field of science studies the composition and structure of matter?
a. / physics / c. / chemistryb. / biology / d. / geology
____47.The study of chemicals that, in general, do not contain carbon is traditionally called what type of chemistry?
a. / bio / c. / physicalb. / inorganic / d. / analytical
____48.Which of the following would a chemist be most likely to study?
a. / a leaf floating on water / c. / a leaf being blown by the windb. / a leaf changing color in autumn / d. / a leaf being eaten by insects
____49.Which of the following best describes an example of pure chemistry?
a. / testing the effects of lower concentrations of a drug on humansb. / studying chemicals containing carbon
c. / developing a cure for osteoporosis
d. / finding an antidote for a new strain of virus
____50.Which of the following statements is false?
a. / Knowledge of chemistry allows the public to make informed decisions.b. / Studying chemistry ensures that officials make correct choices in funding technology.
c. / Knowledge of chemistry helps prepare people for careers in soil science.
d. / Chemistry explains many aspects of nature.
____51.Which of the following is NOT an example of chemistry research in the main area of energy?
a. / producing hook-and-loop tapeb. / determining the usefulness of oil from soybean plants
c. / developing rechargeable batteries
d. / studying the effects of insulation
____52.Which of the following is an example of a current research focus in chemistry?
a. / development of smoke detectors for common useb. / using hook-and-loop tape in the clothing industry
c. / applying gene therapy to treat certain diseases
d. / studying coal combustion as an energy source
____53.Which of the following can be observed only in a microscopic view?
a. / foam insulation / c. / shape of a soybean plantb. / X-ray of a knee joint / d. / structure of a muscle cell
____54.Which of the following was a major contribution to chemistry by Antoine Lavoisier?
a. / He showed that oxygen is required for material to burn.b. / He demonstrated the presence of phlogiston in air.
c. / He encouraged scientists to form explanations based on philosophical arguments.
d. / He developed the science of alchemy.
____55.One characteristic of a scientific theory is that ____.
a. / it can never be proved / c. / it cannot be modifiedb. / it can be proved / d. / it summarizes a set of observations
____56.A theory is a ____.
a. / proposed explanation for an observationb. / well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations
c. / summary of the results of many observations
d. / procedure used to test a proposed explanation
____57.Which step in the scientific method requires you to use your senses to obtain information?
a. / revising a hypothesis / c. / making an observationb. / designing an experiment / d. / stating a theory
____58.The variable that is observed during an experiment is called what type of variable?
a. / independent / c. / controllingb. / manipulated / d. / responding
____59.Collaboration and communication are important in science because ____.
a. / most research problems are not very complexb. / most scientists have the knowledge to solve any scientific problem
c. / they increase the likelihood of a successful outcome
d. / they keep scientists from having to repeat experiments
____60.Which of these steps should always be followed for effective problem solving?
a. / buying a larger quantity of material than estimatedb. / performing metric conversions
c. / developing a plan and then implementing the plan
d. / using a trial-and-error approach and then evaluating
____61.The step that usually comes last in solving numeric problems is ____.
a. / calculate / c. / evaluateb. / measure / d. / analyze
____62.Which of the following is NOT an example of matter?
a. / air / c. / smokeb. / heat / d. / water vapor
____63.A golf ball has more mass than a tennis ball because it ____.
a. / takes up more space / c. / contains different kinds of matterb. / contains more matter / d. / has a definite composition
____64.An example of an extensive property of matter is ____.
a. / temperature / c. / massb. / pressure / d. / hardness
____65.All of the following are physical properties of matter EXCEPT ____.
a. / mass / c. / melting pointb. / color / d. / ability to rust
____66.Which of the following is NOT a physical property of water?
a. / It has a boiling point of 100C.b. / It is a colorless liquid.
c. / It is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.
d. / Sugar dissolves in it.
____67.Which of the following are considered physical properties of a substance?
a. / color and odor / c. / malleability and hardnessb. / melting and boiling points / d. / all of the above
____68.A vapor is which state of matter?
a. / solid / c. / gasb. / liquid / d. / all of the above
____69.A substance that forms a vapor is generally in what physical state at room temperature?
a. / solid / c. / gasb. / liquid / d. / liquid or solid
____70.Which state of matter has a definite volume and takes the shape of its container?
a. / solid / c. / gasb. / liquid / d. / both b and c
____71.Which state of matter takes both the shape and volume of its container?
a. / solid / c. / gasb. / liquid / d. / both b and c
____72.Which state of matter is characterized by having an indefinite shape, but a definite volume?
a. / gas / c. / solidb. / liquid / d. / none of the above
____73.Which state of matter expands when heated and is easy to compress?
a. / gas / c. / solidb. / liquid / d. / all of the above
____74.All of the following are physical properties of a substance in the liquid state EXCEPT ____.
a. / indefinite volume / c. / not easily compressedb. / definite mass / d. / indefinite shape
____75.Which of the following is a physical change?
a. / corrosion / c. / evaporationb. / explosion / d. / rotting of food
____76.Which of the following CANNOT be classified as a substance?
a. / table salt / c. / nitrogenb. / air / d. / gold
____77.Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture?
a. / air / c. / steelb. / salt water / d. / soil
____78.Which of the following CANNOT be considered a single phase?
a. / a pure solid / c. / a homogeneous mixtureb. / a pure liquid / d. / a heterogeneous mixture
____79.Which of the following is true about homogeneous mixtures?
a. / They are known as solutions.b. / They consist of two or more phases.
c. / They have compositions that never vary.
d. / They are always liquids.
____80.Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture?
a. / vinegar in water / c. / oil and vinegarb. / milk / d. / air
____81.Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture?
a. / salt water / c. / sand and waterb. / beef stew / d. / soil
____82.Separating a solid from a liquid by evaporating the liquid is called ____.
a. / filtration / c. / solutionb. / condensation / d. / distillation
____83.An example of a homogeneous mixture is ____.
a. / water / c. / noodle soupb. / stainless steel / d. / oxygen
____84.Which of the following items is NOT a compound?
a. / baking soda / c. / sucroseb. / salad dressing / d. / table salt
____85.Which of the following is true about compounds?
a. / They can be physically separated into their component elements.b. / They have compositions that vary.
c. / They are substances.
d. / They have properties similar to those of their component elements.
____86.A substance that can be separated into two or more substances only by a chemical change is a(n) ____.
a. / solution / c. / mixtureb. / element / d. / compound
____87.Which of the following materials is a substance?
a. / air / c. / stainless steelb. / gasoline / d. / silver
____88.What is one difference between a mixture and a compound?
a. / A compound consists of more than one phase.b. / A compound can only be separated into its components by chemical means.
c. / A mixture can only be separated into its components by chemical means.
d. / A mixture must be uniform in composition.
____89.What distinguishes a substance from a mixture?
a. / Substances are compounds, and mixtures are not.b. / Mixtures are groupings of elements, and compounds are not.
c. / Samples of the same substance can have different intensive properties.
d. / Mixtures can be separated physically, while compounds cannot.
____90.The first figure in a properly written chemical symbol always is ____.
a. / boldfaced / c. / italicizedb. / capitalized / d. / underlined
____91.The chemical symbol for iron is ____.
a. / fe / c. / Feb. / FE / d. / Ir
____92.Which of the following represents a compound?
a. / H / c. / H2Ob. / H-3 / d. / O-16
____93.The chemical formula of a compound does NOT indicate the ____.
a. / identity of the elements in the compoundb. / how elements are joined in the compound
c. / the composition of the compound
d. / relative proportions of the elements in the compound
____94.What do chemical symbols and formulas represent, respectively?
a. / elements and compoundsb. / atoms and mixtures
c. / compounds and mixtures
d. / elements and ions
____95.Which substance has a chemical symbol that is derived from a Latin name?
a. / calcium / c. / oxygenb. / hydrogen / d. / potassium
____96.Which of the following is a chemical property?
a. / color / c. / freezing pointb. / hardness / d. / ability to react with oxygen
____97.In the chemical reaction in which sucrose is heated and decomposes to form carbon dioxide and water, which of the following is a reactant?
a. / sucrose / c. / waterb. / carbon dioxide / d. / heat
____98.What must occur for a change to be a chemical reaction?
a. / There must be a change in chemical properties.b. / There must be a change in physical properties.
c. / The change must involve a change in mass.
d. / The change must involve a change in volume.
____99.Which of the following is NOT a physical change?
a. / grating cheese / c. / fermenting of cheeseb. / melting cheese / d. / mixing two cheeses in a bowl
____100.All of the following changes to a metal are physical changes EXCEPT ____.
a. / bending / c. / rustingb. / melting / d. / polishing
____101.Which of the following does NOT involve a physical change?
a. / mixing / c. / grindingb. / melting / d. / decomposing
____102.Which of the following processes does NOT involve a change in chemical properties?
a. / rusting / c. / boilingb. / fermenting / d. / burning
____103.A chemical change occurs when a piece of wood ____.
a. / is split / c. / decaysb. / is painted / d. / is cut
____104.Which of the following is a chemical property of water at 4C?
a. / its colorb. / its state
c. / its temperature
d. / its ability to decompose into hydrogen and oxygen
____105.What must be done to be certain that a chemical change has taken place?
a. / Check for the production of bubbles before and after the change.b. / Demonstrate that a release of energy occurred after the change.
c. / Check the composition of the sample before and after the change.
d. / Demonstrate that energy was absorbed by the reactants after the change.
____106.When paper turns yellow-brown upon exposure to sunlight, what type of change is likely taking place?
a. / a physical changeb. / a chemical change
c. / neither a physical change nor a chemical change
d. / both a physical change and a chemical change
____107.Which of the following does NOT indicate that a chemical change may have taken place?
a. / fracture formation / c. / precipitate formationb. / gas production / d. / energy transfer
____108.Which action changes the identity of the substance referenced?
a. / melting goldb. / running an electric current through copper
c. / corroding iron
d. / breaking an ice cube
____109.What happens to matter during a chemical reaction?
a. / Matter is neither destroyed or created.b. / Some matter is destroyed.
c. / Some matter is created.
d. / Some matter is destroyed and some is created.
____110.Which of the following is true for all chemical reactions?
a. / The total mass of the reactants increases.b. / The total mass of the products is greater than the total mass of the reactants.
c. / The total mass of the products is less than the total mass of the reactants.
d. / The total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products.
____111.When an iron nail is ground into powder, its mass ____.
a. / stays the same / c. / increasesb. / decreases / d. / cannot be determined
____112.The diameter of a carbon atom is 0.000 000 000 154 m. What is this number expressed in scientific notation?
a. / 1.54 10 m / c. / 1.54 10 mb. / 1.54 10 m / d. / 1.54 10 m
____113.The expression of 5008 km in scientific notation is ____.
a. / 5.008 10 km / c. / 5.008 10 kmb. / 50.08 10 km / d. / 5.008 10 km
____114.What is the result of multiplying 2.5 10 by 3.5 10?
a. / 8.75 10 / c. / 8.75 10b. / 8.75 10 / d. / 8.75 10
____115.What is the result of adding 2.5 10 and 3.5 10?
a. / 2.9 10 / c. / 2.9 10b. / 6.0 10 / d. / 6.0 10
____116.The closeness of a measurement to its true value is a measure of its ____.
a. / precision / c. / reproducibilityb. / accuracy / d. / usefulness
____117.When a test instrument is calibrated, does its accuracy, precision, or reliability improve?
a. / precision / c. / reliabilityb. / accuracy / d. / all of the above
____118.Which of the following measurements (of different masses) is the most accurate?
a. / 3.1000 g / c. / 3.122 22 gb. / 3.100 00 g / d. / 3.000 000 g
____119.Which group of measurements is the most precise? (Each group of measurements is for a different object.)
a. / 2 g, 3 g, 4 g / c. / 2 g, 2.5 g, 3 gb. / 2.0 g, 3.0 g, 4.0 g / d. / 1 g, 3 g, 5 g
____120.Three different people weigh a standard mass of 2.00 g on the same balance. Each person obtains a reading of 7.32 g for the mass of the standard. These results imply that the balance that was used is ____.
a. / accurate / c. / accurate and preciseb. / precise / d. / neither accurate nor precise
____121.Which of the following measurements is expressed to three significant figures?
a. / 0.007 m / c. / 7.30 10 kmb. / 7077 mg / d. / 0.070 mm
____122.In the measurement 0.503 L, which digit is the estimated digit?
a. / 5b. / the 0 immediately to the left of the 3
c. / 3
d. / the 0 to the left of the decimal point
____123.How many significant figures are in the measurement 0.003 4 kg?
a. / two / c. / fiveb. / four / d. / This cannot be determined.
____124.How many significant figures are in the measurement 40,500 mg?
a. / two / c. / fourb. / three / d. / five
____125.How many significant figures are in the measurement 811.40 grams?
a. / two / c. / fourb. / three / d. / five
____126.Express the sum of 7.68 m and 5.0 m using the correct number of significant digits.
a. / 12.68 m / c. / 13 mb. / 12.7 m / d. / 10 m
____127.Express the product of 2.2 mm and 5.00 mm using the correct number of significant digits.
a. / 10 mm / c. / 11.0 mmb. / 11 mm / d. / 11.00 mm
____128.What is the measurement 111.009 mm rounded off to four significant digits?
a. / 111 mm / c. / 111.01 mmb. / 111.0 mm / d. / 110 mm
____129.What is the measurement 1042 L rounded off to two significant digits?
a. / 1.0 10 L / c. / 1050 Lb. / 1040 L / d. / 1.1 10 L
____130.Express the product of 4.0 10 m and 8.1 10m using the correct number of significant digits.
a. / 3 10 / c. / 3.2 10b. / 3.0 10 / d. / 3.24 10
____131.When multiplying and dividing measured quantities, the number of significant figures in the result should be equal to the number of significant figures in ____.
a. / all of the measurementsb. / the least and most precise measurements
c. / the most precise measurement
d. / the least precise measurement
____132.What is the volume of a salt crystal measuring 2.44 10 m by 1.4 10 m by 8.4 10 m?
a. / 2.9 10 m / c. / 2.9 10 mb. / 2.9 10 m / d. / 2.9 10 m
____133.What quantity is represented by the metric system prefix deci-?
a. / 1000 / c. / 0.1b. / 100 / d. / 0.01
____134.What is the metric system prefix for the quantity 0.000 001?
a. / centi- / c. / kilo-b. / deci- / d. / micro-
____135.The chief advantage of the metric system over other systems of measurement is that it ____.
a. / has more units / c. / is in Frenchb. / is in multiples of 10 / d. / is derived from nature itself
____136.Which of the following units is NOT an official SI unit?
a. / kilogram / c. / moleb. / ampere / d. / liter
____137.Which of the following volumes is the smallest?
a. / one microliter / c. / one milliliterb. / one liter / d. / one deciliter
____138.What is the SI unit of mass?
a. / liter / c. / candelab. / joule / d. / kilogram
____139.What is the temperature of absolute zero measured in C?
a. / –373C / c. / –173Cb. / –273C / d. / –73C
____140.Which temperature scale has no negative temperatures?
a. / Celsius / c. / Jouleb. / Fahrenheit / d. / Kelvin
____141.What is the boiling point of water in kelvins?
a. / 0 K / c. / 273 Kb. / 100 K / d. / 373 K
____142.Which of the following mass units is the largest?
a. / 1 cg / c. / 1 mgb. / 1 dg / d. / 1 ng
____143.The weight of an object ____.
a. / is the same as its mass / c. / is not affected by gravityb. / depends on its location / d. / is always the same
____144.What is the temperature –34C expressed in kelvins?
a. / 139 K / c. / 239 Kb. / 207 K / d. / 339 K
____145.If the temperature changes by 100 K, by how much does it change in C?
a. / 0C / c. / 100Cb. / 37C / d. / 273C
____146.Chlorine boils at 239 K. What is the boiling point of chlorine expressed in degrees Celsius?
a. / 93C / c. / –61Cb. / 34C / d. / –34C
Commonly Used Metric Prefixes
Prefix / Meaning / Factor
mega (M) / 1 million times larger than the unit it precedes / 10
kilo (k) / 1000 times larger than the unit it precedes / 10
deci (d) / 10 times smaller than the unit it precedes / 10
centi (c) / 100 times smaller than the unit it precedes / 10
milli (m) / 1000 times smaller than the unit it precedes / 10
micro () / 1 million times smaller than the unit it precedes / 10
nano (n) / 1000 million times smaller than the unit it precedes / 10
pico (p) / 1 trillion times smaller than the unit it precedes / 10
____147.What is the quantity 0.0075 meters expressed in centimeters? Use the table above to help you.