Chapter 16: Respiration and Excretion

Answer Key

CHAPTER 16: RESPIRATION AND EXCRETION

16-1 What is the respiratory system?

Lesson Review

1.d 2.e 3.a 4.c 5.g 6.b 7.f

Skill Challenge

1.nasal cavity 2.nose 3.mouth 4.throat 5.epiglottis 6.larynx 7.trachea 8.bronchus 9.right lung 10.left lung (or alveoli)

16-1 What is the respiratory system?

Enrichment Activity: Comparing the Pathways of Food and Air

part a

1.also called the throat; passageway for both food and air 2.connects the mouth to the stomach; passageway for food located at the base of the pharynx 3.also called the windpipe; passageway that carries air from the throat to the bronchi 4.flap of tissue that covers the top of the trachea; passageway for air that closes off the top of the throat during swallowing to prevent food from entering 5.respiratory and digestive 6.epiglottis 7.It is covering the top of the trachea. 8.Food can get past the epiglottis and into the windpipe, causing a person to choke.

part b

1.esophagus 2.epiglottis 3. pharynx 4.trachea

16-2 What are breathing and respiration?

Lesson Review

1.inhaling 2.exhaling 3.respiration 4.chemical 5.mechanical 6.diaphragm 7.cellular 8.larger 9.smaller 10.external

Skill Challenge

1.a.exhaling b.Possible answer: The diaphragm has moved upward, toward the lungs. The space inside the chest is smaller. 2.a.inhaling b.Possible answer: The diaphragm has moved downward, away from the lungs. The space inside the chest is larger.

16-3 What happens to air before it reaches the lungs?

Lesson Review

1.tiny hairlike structures 2.to push mucus and trapped particles toward the back of the throat 3.Cilia are located in the lining of the windpipe and nose. 4.a sticky liquid that traps dirt, dust, and bacteria in the windpipe and nose 5.to trap dirt, dust, and bacteria before such harmful particles enter the lungs, and to keep respiratory tissue moist 6.in the nose and windpipe 7.Air is filtered, moistened, and warmed before it reaches the lungs. 8.Moistened air helps to keep the respiratory tissues from drying out and helps prevent damage to the lungs.

Skill Challenge

1.Hairs in the nose: to filter particles from the air 2.Cilia in the trachea: to filter air and push mucus toward the back of the throat 3.Cells lining the nose: to produce mucus

16-4 How does oxygen get into the blood?

Lesson Review

1.gases 2.nitrogen 3.cellular respiration 4.grapes 5.alveoli 6.capillaries 7.red blood cells 8.carbon dioxide 9.oxygen 10.carbon dioxide

Skill Challenge

Description: Oxygen is moving from the alveoli into the capillaries. Capillaries carry the oxygen to all the cells of the body. Carbon dioxide is moving from the capillaries into the lungs. The carbon dioxide is released from the body when the lungs exhale.

16-5 How does tobacco affect the body?

Lesson Review

1.100 2.stimulant 3.monoxide 4.cilia 5.heart 6.narrower 7.emphysema

Skill Challenge

Surgeon General's Warnings: Accept any three of the following: Smoking Causes Lung Cancer, Heart Disease, Emphysema, and May Complicate Pregnancy. Quitting Smoking Now Greatly Reduces Serious Risks to Your Health. Smoking By Pregnant Women May Result in Fetal Injury, Premature Birth, and Low Birth Weight. Cigarette Smoke Contains Carbon Monoxide. Diseases: Accept any three of the following: lung cancer, emphysema, coronary heart disease, bronchitis, bladder cancer, periodontitis, mouth cancer, and throat cancer.

16-5 How does tobacco affect the body?

Enrichment Activity: Health Trends

Check students’ graphs for accuracy.

LS Ch 16 Art CCLS TRL C16 LAK A01 tiff

1.The number of male smokers has steadily decreased since 1970. 2.The number of female smokers has steadily decreased since 1970. 3.Possible answers: the warnings issued by the surgeon general relating cigarette smoking and cancer, as well as increased public knowledge about the effect of cigarette smoking on the body. 4.New anti-smoking campaigns may help to decrease the number of smokers even more. Also, new legislation that bans cigarette advertising that is aimed towards teens may also help to lower the number of people who start smoking.

16-6 What is the excretory system?

Lesson Review

1.true 2.gets rid of 3.true 4.true 5.excretory 6.kidneys 7.true 8.large 9.true 10.liquid 11.true 12.urethra

Skill Challenge

1.skin 2.lungs 3.kidneys 4. bladder

16-7 How do the kidneys work?

Lesson Review

1.to remove wastes from blood 2.urine 3.urea 4.water, salts, and urea 5.urethra 6.waste products of proteins 7.in the collecting tube 8.nutrients the body needs 9.the filtering structures of the kidneys 10.After blood enters the nephrons, water, salts, and urea are forced out of the capillaries and into Bowman’s capsule where they remain in the collecting tube. Nutrients pass back into the blood and the filtered blood returns to the heart.

Skill Challenge

1.kidneys 2.ureter 3.bladder 4.urethra 5.to remove waste products from the blood 6.to carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder 7.to store urine until it is removed from the body 8.to carry urine to the outside of the body

16-8 How does the skin remove wastes?

Lesson Review

1.dermis 2.epidermis 3.pores 4.dead 5.hair follicles 6.oil glands 7.dermis 8.capillaries 9.sweat glands 10.perspiration

Skill Challenge

1.hair 2.pore 3.oil gland 4.sweat gland 5.hair follicle 6.blood vessels

16-8 How does the skin remove wastes?

Enrichment Activity: Comparing the Dermis and the Epidermis

1.Dermis 2.Dermis 3.Epidermis 4.Dermis 5.Epidermis 6.Epidermis 7.Epidermis 8.Epidermis 9.Dermis 10.Dermis 11.Epidermis 12.Epidermis 13.Epidermis 14.Dermis 15.Dermis 16. Dermis 17.Dermis 18.Dermis 19.Epidermis 20.Epidermis

The Big Idea

Lesson Review

1.a condition that occurs when the body is heated beyond the control of normal systems 2.Rapid breathing decreases carbon dioxide in the blood, increases oxygen in the blood, and slightly cools the body. 3.Heat stroke occurs when body systems cannot reverse overheating and the sweating system shuts down. Body temperature continues to rise and body systems shut down one at a time.

Skill Challenge

1.Athletes are encourage to drink plenty of fluids before, during, and after exercise to prevent dehydration and overheating. 2.Dogs do not have sweat glands in their skin. They pant to get rid of carbon dioxide and to cool their bodies. 3.If it is not possible to go inside, sit down in the shade and drink water. Wet your skin with water or a wet cloth, and sit in a breeze or fan yourself.

CHAPTER 16: RESPIRATION AND EXCRETION

Key Term Review

Across

4.urine 5.perspiration 7.urea 8.evaporation 9.pores 11.excretion 12.inhale 13.alveoli

Down

1.mucus 2.diaphragm 3.bronchi 6.respiration 10.cilia 11.exhale

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