Biology Common Assessment Name: ______
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST
Unit 8 Assessment
Ecology & Human Impact
Vocabulary + 1 point each
1. the variety of different organisms in an ecosystem
A. Competition
B. Mutualism
C. Population
D. Diversity
2. a close relationship between two or more different organisms that live together, which is often but not always beneficial
A. Sexual relationship
B. Symbiotic relationships
C. Predation
D. Feeding relationship
3. the place in which an organism lives; a specific environment that has an interacting community of organisms
A. House
B. Community
C. Population
D. Habitat
4. anything that causes the growth of a population to slow down or decrease
A. Fungus
B. Abiotic
C. Limiting factors
D. Biotic
5. heterotrophic organisms that obtain their energy by feeding on decaying organisms
A. Decomposer
B. Scavenger
C. Herbivore
D. Omnivore
6. an animal that obtains its energy by eating plants; consumers
A. Herbivore C. Omnivore
B. Carnivore D. Vornivore
7. an animal that obtains its energy by eating other animals; consumers
A. Herbivore C. Omnivore
B. Carnivore D. Vornivore
8. an animal that obtains its energy by eating both plants and animals; consumers
A. Herbivore C. Omnivore
B. Carnivore D. Vornivore
9. a step in a food chain or food web
A. Trophic level C. Producer
B. Consumer D. Autotroph
10. any naturally occurring carbon or hydrocarbon fuel, such as coal, petroleum, peat, and natural gas, formed by the decomposition of prehistoric organisms
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Combustion
C. Fossil fuel
D. Water
11. harmful chemicals that get passed from one energy level to the next as they move up through the food chain, DDT, lead, mercury
A. Food C. Energy
B. Toxins D. Water
12. compounds emitted into the atmosphere that act like glass to trap in the heat and warm the earth
A. Greenhouse gases
B. Oxygen
C. Global warming
D. Toxins
Knowledge Multiple Choice + 2 points each
13. Classify the relationship between flowering plants and bees, where the plant provides the bee with food and the bee spreads pollen for the plant.
A. Predator – prey
B. Mutualism
C. Parasitism
D. Sexual
14. Which of the following is a biotic factor in the environment of a fresh water fish?
A. The amount of light penetrating the water
B. The temperature of the water
C. The mud on the bottom of the pond
D. The algae growing in the water
15. Two male deer fight with antlers to win the affection of a female deer. Which type of ecological relationship is exhibited between the male deer?
A. Predator/Prey C. Mutualism
B. Parasitism D. Competition
16. Which of the following is the largest level of organization in ecology, made up of biotic and abiotic factors?
A. Population C. Community
B. Organism D. Ecosystem
17. The large amount of salt in the air and water of coastal areas determines which species can exist there. In these areas, the lack of fresh water functions as a
A. Source of energy C. Food source
B. Biotic factor D. Limiting factor
18. In a particular ecosystem, a wolf population is a predator for moose. If the wolf population decreased, what would likely happen to the carrying capacity of the environment for the moose?
A. It would increase
B. It would decrease slightly
C. It would remain the same
D. It would decrease significantly.
19. Which of the following organisms would be considered an autotroph?
A. omnivore C. herbivore
B. producer D. heterotroph
20. Vultures feed mainly on organisms that they have not killed. They are known as what type of organism?
A. Predators C. Omnivores
B. Scavengers D. Autotrophs
21. How do decomposers contribute to a food web cycle?
A. makes glucose for other organisms
B. does photosynthesis
C. recycles dead organisms and makes soil
D. acts as a carnivore
22. Which of the following is not recycled in an ecosystem?
A. Carbon C. Water
B. Energy D. Matter
23. Species of organisms that obtain food by only eating autotrophs are known as
A. Tertiary consumer C. Producer
B. Secondary consumer D. Herbivore
24. Why do ecosystems usually contain only a few trophic levels?
A. because only 5% of the energy harnessed is passed to the next level
B. because only 50% of the energy harnessed is passed to the next level
C. because only 10% of the energy harnessed is passed to the next level
D. because only 100% of the energy harnessed is passed to the next level
25. Which will decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
A. Burning of fossil fuels
B. Cutting down trees
C. Cellular respiration
D. Photosynthesis
26. Due to bioaccumulation, which trophic level would the concentration of the pesticide DDT be the highest?
A. Producers
B. Primary consumers
C. Secondary consumers
D. Tertiary consumers
27. What is an example of an effect of deforestation?
A. Damage to local soils in the form of erosion
B. Accelerated removal of CO2 from the atmosphere.
C. Increased habitat for animals
D. Accelerated addition of oxygen to the atmosphere.
28. Which of the following has contributed most to the overall warming of the earth’s atmosphere?
A. The burning of fossil fuels
B. The depletion of the ozone
C. The occurrence of acid rain
D. The melting of the polar ice caps
Higher Level Multiple Choice + 3 points each
29. Bacteria living in nodules on the roots of legumes have the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen into a water-soluble form that the legume plants use to survive. The bacteria absorb sugar from the plants’ roots. Which describes the relationship between the bacteria and the legume plants?
A. Mutualism C. Herbivore
B. Predator-Prey D. Parasitism
30. An ecologist observes a trend among two organisms. The trend shows that shortly after the population of one organism increases, the population of the other organism decreases. Likewise, the trend shows that after the change occurs, the number of the first group of organism then begins to decline. This ecologist is most likely observing the population trend in which relationship?
A. Mutualism C. Commensalism
B. Predation D. Parasitism
31. A community is studied and several interactions between two organisms labeled X and Y are observed and recorded. Which type of interaction could illustrate the process of mutualism?
A. Interaction A C. Interaction C
B. Interaction B D. Interaction D
32. The graph below represents population growth in a specific population.
What is happening at point E?
A. The death rate of the population has increased.
B. The population has reached its carrying capacity.
C. The population is growing exponentially.
D. The population has stopped growing.
33. What is the approximate carrying capacity for this population of P. aurelia?
A. 20 C. 40
B. 80 D. 100
34. Which of the following would result in the graph shown below?
A. A variety of predators
B. Habitat destruction
C. Unlimited resources
D. Competition for abiotic factors
The graph below summarizes the exponential growth pattern of the human population over the past 2,000 years. Use the graph for questions 35 & 36.
35. Which factors probably had the biggest impact on human growth between the years 1000 and 2000?
A. Higher death rate and lower birth rate
B. Lower death rate and higher birth rate
C. an increase in global warming
D. an increased number of human predators
36. What might cause humans to go from an exponential growth curve to a logistic growth curve?
A. Increased demand for resources.
B. Limiting the number of childrenfamilies can have.
C. Increased sex-education and lower birth rates
D. All of the above.
37. Which diagram best represents the recycling of matter in the carbon cycle?
A. C.
B. D.
38. Which level of the pyramid contains the most energy?
39. In the food web to the right, what organism(s) does organism A eat?
A. B C. C
B. B & C D. A & B
Use the food web and chart below for question #40.
40. Gardeners sometimes use traps to capture slugs. Organisms found in the trap after being in the garden for one week are shown in the table. Based on the table, how many of the organisms were herbivores?
A. 5 C. 22
B. 9 D. 99
Use the food web below to answer questions 41 – 44.
41. What would most likely decrease the mouse population?
A. A decrease in the snake and hawk population
B. An increase in the frog and tree population
C. A decrease in the amount of available sunlight
D. An increase in the number of decomposers
42. What is the original energy source for the food web?
A. Chemical bonds in sugar molecules
B. Enzymatic reactions
C. Sunlight
D. Chemical reactions of bacteria
43. Which organism is an omnivore in the food web?
A. deer C. frog
B. cricket D. mouse
44. Which organisms are not shown above, but are essential to a balanced ecosystem?
A. Heterotrophs C. Producers
B. Autotrophs D. Decomposers
45. Hydrilla is a nonnative water plant that is rapidly spreading in the US. It crowds out native species. Which statement best explains the success of Hydrilla?
A. Hydrilla is not as affected by native limiting factors as the local plants are.
B. Plants from other countries are harder to kill than Hydrilla.
C. Hydrillawas better adapted to its original environment.
D. Hydrilla has more predators in the new environment, forcing it to become stronger.
46. Which of the following describes a goal of sustainable development that humans must strive to attain?
A. Conserving resources without considering the needs of human or wild populations
B. Meeting human needs without causing long-term harm to the environment
C. Using natural resources without considering how it affects the environment
D. Increasing the amount of global deforestation and soil erosion for better agricultural yields
47. Increased production of goods makes our lives more comfortable, but increases the demand for energy and other resources. What is one negative impact this situation has on ecosystems?
A. An increase in living space for wildlife
B. An increase in renewable resources
C. An increase in the world's biodiversity
D. An increase in pollution levels
Use the graph below to answer question #48.
48. Which of the following human activities probably had the biggest impact on the carbon dioxide and temperature changes seen in the graph above?
A. Introduction of invasive carnivorous species
B. Increase in volcanic eruptions
C. Increased combustion of fossil fuels
D. The distribution of pesticides
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