Bio 4 Study Guide 3

Bio 4 – Study Guide 3

Chapter 12 & 13 – Mitosis and Meiosis

Know the difference between a genome and a gene pool. Know the cell cycle and all the stages. What is binary fission? Know the phases of mitosis and meiosis (interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, interkinesis). Know how they are different from each other. Know the following structures: centromeres, asters, spindle fibers, cell plate, metaphase plate, cleavage furrow, kinetochores, chiasma, tetrad, chromatin, chromosome, chromatids, homologous chromosomes. What is haploid vs. diploid? What is crossing over? What is independent assortment? What controls cell division? What is MPF? Cyclin? Cdk? What is cancer? Know the different types of sexual and asexual reproduction talked about in class (binary fission, regeneration, fragmentation, budding, hermaphrodites, parthenogenesis). What are the four sources of sexual variation? What is fertilization? What is a zygote? What is a karyotype? Compare and contrast mitosis with the first division of meiosis. At what points during meiosis does the potential for genetic variation occur?

Chapter 14 & 15 – Mendelian Genetics & Inheritance

Who is Mendel? What is a trait? Gene? Know the following terms: dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous, monohybrid, dihybrid, allele, genotype, phenotype, testcross, incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles,, ABO blood groups, Rh factor, amniocentesis, chorionic villi sampling, ultrasound. What are the differences between a recessively inherited and a dominantly inherited disease? Know the examples discussed in class. Be able to work genetic problems with the correct genotypic and phenotypic ratios (monohybrid, dihybrid, sex-linked, sex influenced, incomplete dominance, and blood types). What is nondisjunction? Aneuploidy? What is an ultrasound? Amniocentesis? Chorionic villi sampling?

Chapter 46 & 47 – Animal Reproduction and Development

What are gametes? Zygote? Know the male and female parts discussed in class along with their functions. Know the menstrual cycle and the ovarian cycle. Summarize the reproductive cycle of the human female. Be sure to include the gonadotropins, the ovarian hormone levels, the ovarian cycle and the phases. How does a pregnancy test work. Know the human embryology discussed in class (aygote, morula, blastula, blastomeres, blastocoel, blastopore, blastocyst, embryo, fetus).

Chapter 22 – Evolution

What is evolution? What is the difference between micro and macroevolution? Who is Darwin? Where did he travel? What did he discover? What was the name of the ship? What was the name of his book? What is speciation? Who is Plato? Cuvier? Catastrophism? Hutton? Gradualism? Lyell? Uniformitarianism? Lamarck? Inheritance of acquired traits? What were the two basic concepts from Darwin’s book? Who was Malthus? What are the 5 statements and three conclusions summing up Darwin’s theory (written by Mayr)? What are the 6 pieces of evidence for evolution?

Notes – Taxonomy

Know the following: Binomial Nomenclature, DKPCOFGS. Know the 3 domains. Know the evolution of terrestrial plants (from charophytes to flowering plants). Be sure you understand the change in plants from nonvascular seedless plants to vascular seed plants. Know the different animal kingdom phyla. Know the characteristics and examples given. What are the four characteristics seen in chordates? Know the different classes found in the chordate phylum. Know examples and characteristics that make them different. What are the two primate characteristics? What makes hominids different?