Big Idea 2: BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS UTILIZE FREE ENERGY and MOLECULAR s1
Name ______Date ______Period _____
Lipids
Raven Ch. 3
Big Idea 2: BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS UTILIZE FREE ENERGY AND MOLECULAR
BUILDING BLOCKS TO GROW, TO REPRODUCE AND TO MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS.
Essential Knowledge:
· All living systems require constant input of free energy.
· Organisms capture and store free energy for use in biological processes.
· Organisms must exchange matter with the environment to grow, reproduce and maintain organization.
· Organisms exhibit complex properties due to interactions between their constituent parts.
· Interactions between molecules affect their structure and function.
· Variation in molecular units provides cells with a wider range of functions.
Lipids
Lipids are composed of ______
· long ______chains (H-C)
Lipid “Family groups”
§ ______
§ ______
§ ______
§ ______
§ Do not form ______
· Lipids are-______made of smaller subunits
· not a repeating chain
Fats and Oils
§ Structure:
· ______+ ______
§ fatty acid =
long ______“tail” with ______(COOH) group “head”
§ Triacylglycerol (______)
· 3 ______linked to ______
· ______linkage = between ______& ______
How do the 3 fatty acids link to the glycerol?
______
Fats store energy
§ Long Hydrocarbon chain
· polar or non-polar?
· hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
§ Function:
· ______
§ concentrated
§ all C-C; C-H bonds!
§ 2x more than carbs
· ______
· ______
§ Think whale blubber
Saturated fats
§ All ______are bonded to maximum number of ______
§ No ______
· long, straight chain
· most ______fats
· ______at room temp.
§ contributes to cardiovascular disease
(atherosclerosis) = plaque deposits
Unsaturated fats
§ ______in the fatty acids
· ______& ______fats
· ______oils
· ______at room temperature
§ the ______made by double
bonded Carbons prevent the
molecules from packing tightly together
§ Monounsaturated- ______
§ Polyunsaturated- ______
§ (Partially) Hydrogenated-? ______
______
______
Phospholipids
§ Structure:
· 
______+ 2 ______+ ______
§ PO4 = ______charged
Hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
§ fatty acid tails = ______
§ PO4 head = ______
§ Split “personality”
Phospholipids in water
§ Hydrophilic heads “______” to H2O
§ Hydrophobic tails “______” from H2O
· can self-assemble into “bubbles”
· bubble = “______”
· can also form a ______
· Early evolutionary stage of cell?
§ Phospholipids create a barrier in water
· define outside vs. inside
· they make ______!
Soap? ______
______
Steroids
§ Structure:
· 4 ______+ ??
§ different steroids created by attaching different ______to rings
§ different structure creates different ______
Examples: ______
Cholesterol
§ Important cell component
· animal cell ______
· ______of all other steroids
§ including vertebrate ______
· high levels in blood may contribute to ______disease
§ helps keep cell membranes ______
From Cholesterol ® Sex Hormones
§ What a big difference a few atoms can make!
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