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Prêmios Para As Mulheres Brasileiras Em Química E Ciências Relacionadas

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Prêmios Para As Mulheres Brasileiras Em Química E Ciências Relacionadas Prêmios para as Mulheres Brasileiras em Química e Ciências Relacionadas Auditório FAPESP, São Paulo, 11 de setembro de 2018 Sumário da Apresentação ♦ Mulheres, um longo Caminho de Preconceitos ♦ Um olhar sobre as mulheres cientistas, alguns exemplos de sucesso e insucessos; ♦ Alguns dados sobre mulheres pesquisadoras no Brasil e em São Paulo; ♦ Conclusão; Mulheres, um breve olhar sobre a questão de gênero desde as civilizações antigas HYPATIA DE ALEXANDRIA HYPATIA DE ALEXANDRIA, A PRIMEIRA MULHER CIENTISTA DO MUNDO Nasceu em Alexandria, cidade cultural da região que hoje corresponde ao Egito, 355 d.C. Era filha de Theon, professor, era também famoso filósofo, astrônomo e matemático Mueller, I.; L.S. Grinstein & P.J. Campbell (1987). Women of Mathematics: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook. New York: Greenwood Press Mulheres, um longo Caminho de Preconceitos e Humilhações ”Mulheres, escravos e "O pior adorno que uma forasteiros não são mulher pode querer usar cidadãos” (Péricles é ser sábia” Lutero (político ateniense destaca (teólogo Alemão, século do, século V aC) XVI,) “Que as mulheres "A natureza só faz continuem caladas nas mulheres quando não igrejas. Se elas quiserem pode fazer homens. A ser educadas, devem mulher é, portanto, um discutir com seus maridos homem inferior." em suas casas“ (Apóstolo Aristóteles (filósofo, guia Paulo, ano 67 dC) intelectual e preceptor grego de Alexandre, o Crianças, idiotas, lunáticos Grande, século IV A.C.) e mulheres não podem, e não têm capacidade para realizar negócios” (Henry VIII (século XVI) No início da civilização as mulheres eram reconhecidas como seres inferiores Registro das Primeiras cientistas Elena Lucrezia Cornaro Piscopia (1646 - 1684) Italiana de descendência nobre, foi a primeira mulher a receber um diploma acadêmico de uma universidade. Em 1678 se tornou a primeira mulher no mundo a receber o grau de Ph.D. em filosofia; Laura Maria Caterina Bassi (1711 - 1778) Física italiana, doutorou-se pela Universidade de Bolonha em 1732; Foi a segunda mulher a ter um grau de Dr. por uma universidade. É reconhecida como a primeira mulher no mundo a ganhar uma cadeira universitária por seus estudos científicos; Contribuiu imensamente para o campo da ciência e colaborou a espalhar a teoria newtoniana pela Itália; Women in science: a difficult history Ada Lovelace Caricature of women attending a 19th century meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Source: Rebekah Higgitt ♦ Augusta Ada Byron, Countess of Lovelace — better known as "Ada Lovelace” — was born in London on December 10, 1815, and was daughter of famous poet Lord Byron; ♦ From early on, Lovelace showed a talent for numbers and language. She received instruction from William Frend, a social reformer; William King, the family's doctor; and Mary Somerville, a Scottish astronomer and mathematician; ♦ Ada Lovelace is considered to have written instructions for the first computer program in the mid-1800s Somerville was one of the first women to be admitted into the Royal Astronomical Society; Women Scientists Whose Discoveries Were Credited to Men ✓ Was born in London on 25th July 1920; ✓ Studied chemistry and physics at Newnham College, Cambridge; ✓ In 1942 - British Coal Utilization Research Association, worked on carbon fiber technology; ✓ In 1947 - Central Government Laboratory for Chemistry in Paris where she worked on X-ray diffraction until 1951 when she moved to King's College, London. ✓ Produced X-ray diffraction pictures of DNA which were published in Nature in April 1953. This played an important role in establishing the structure of DNA. ✓ Came into conflict with Maurice Wilkins, who was also working on DNA at King's College, and therefore decided to join John Bernal at Birkbeck College to carry out research into the tobacco mosaic virus. ✓ In 1957 began to work on the polo virus. ✓ Died of ovarian cancer on 16th April 1958. http://www.rosalindfranklin.edu; Nature, Volume 171: 740-41(1953) 2008 Pesquisa colaborativa Pesquisa individual Consórcio ®Bolzani Nobel Prize Awarded Women Marie Sklodowska Curie The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903 (shared with Henri Becquerel and Pierre Curie) in recognition of the extraordinary scientific work they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena; The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911 in recognition of her work to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium; First woman to be awarded a Nobel prize and the only one person to be awarded 2 Nobel prizes; Irène Joliot-Curie The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935 (shared with Frédéric Joliot); in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements Curies' First Scientific Breakthrough Discovery of Polonium and Radium ♦Working on her thesis on Becquerel´s rays, a few weeks after the birth of her daughter Irène, she gave great progress on the minerals investigation, and contributed to the discovering of Polonium and radium, sharing the Nobel Prize in Physics, with Henri Becquerel, in 1903; ♦She is one the most important women in human history – Among the 300 Women who changed the World, she is rightly included; ♦Curie died in 1934, aged 66, at a sanatorium in Sancellemoz (Haute-Savoie), France, due to aplastic anemia due to the exposure to radiation during her researches; Fantastic development in the geosciences, material, biology, medicine and agriculture sciences; for industry and also for quality of human modern life Langevin-Joliot & Soraya Boudia, Chemistry International, v 33, no1. 2011 HONOR TO NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY AND NEGLECTED DISEASES Youyou Tu - Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015 (shared with William C. Campbell, Satoshi Ōmura) for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria; In the 1970s, after studies of traditional herbal medicines, Youyou Tu managed to extract a substance, artemisinin, which inhibits the malaria parasite. Drugs based on artemisinin have led to the survival and improved health of millions of people; 13 Participantes da 50a. Conferência de Solvay em 1927 W. Heisenberg E. Schrödinge Peter Debye L. de Broglie Marx Plank N. Bohr Albert Einstein Marie Curie – Foi um marco para a criação e elaboração dos fundamentos de uma nova disciplina – a radioquímica (hoje um campo de pesquisa importante); Suas conquistas são notáveis até hoje no campo da ciência, convém destacar que na época que viveu era uma atividade intelectual tradicionalmente proibida para as mulheres; Conferência de Solvay em 2017 Clara Immerwahr – 1ª. Doutoranda em química da Alemanha: uma triste história • Clara Immerwahr, jovem alemã, brilhante, não teve o mesmo sucesso de Marie Currie; • Primeira mulher alemã a doutorar-se em química, pela Universidade de Wrocław; • Em 1901 casou com o químico Fritz Haber e trabalhou intensamente ao lado do marido, contribuindo para o avanço das pesquisas de marido, mas nunca teve sua participação reconhecida e a sua investigação científica foi prejudicada; • Haber trabalhou intensamente para o governo Nazista alemão e desempenhou um papel importante no desenvolvimento da armas químicas, especialmente Clara Immerwahr gases venenosos; • Immerwahr de posse de uma pistola militar de Haber, cometeu suicídio com um tiro no peito; • O suicídio de Clara nunca foi divulgado por jornais, Sua morte não foi documentada e levou a controvérsias quanto aos prováveis motivos do suicídio; From 1901 to 2017, there have been 825 male winners of the Nobel Prize, but just 47 female winners The Women Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 - Ada E. Yonath 1964 - Dorothy C. Hodgkin 1935- Irène Joliot-Curie 1911- Marie Curie (was awarded twice) All Nobel Prizes. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2018. Tue. 11 Sep 2018. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes 15 Women have awarded Nobel Peace Prize 2011- Ellen Johnson Sinleaf; Leymah Gbowee; Tawakkol Karman 2004 - Wangari Maathai 1979 - Mother Teresa Ellen J. Sirleaf 2003 - Shirin Ebadi 1976 - Betty Williams 1997 - Jody Williams 1976 - Mairead Corrigan 1992 - Rigoberta Menchú Tum 1946 - Emily Greene Balch 1991 - Aung San Suu Kyi 1931 - Jane Addams 1982 - Alva Myrdal 1905- Bertha von Suttner Leymah Gbowee 2011 Nobel Peace Prize "for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women’s rights to full participation in peace- Tawakkol Karman building work". Estados Unidos – Mulheres cientistas e oportunidades de emprego Ofertas de emprego de cientistas norte-americanos doutores empregados na academia 30 % mulheres http://www.nature.com/news/inequality-quantified-mind-the-gender-gap-1.12550 At The Top of the Academic Career - Women Are Absolute Minority in European Community Man Women A - position for recent doctorates B - Position for intermediate level researchers C - Position for senior researchers 2016 Statistic data Women and Science Statistics and Indicators Source: SHE Figures 2017 UNESCO: Worldwide recent data on Women in Science http://www.uis.unesco.org/_LAYOUTS/UNESCO/women-in-science/index.html#!lang=en Jobs, Collaborations, and Women Leaders in the Global Chemistry Enterprise Chapter 23, pp 265–281 Chapter DOI: 10.1021/bk-2015-1195.ch023 ACS Symposium Series, Vol. 1195 ISBN13: 9780841230675eISBN: 9780841230682 Publication Date (Web): September 2, 2015 Copyright © 2015 American Chemical Society *E-mail: [email protected]. Brazilian Women in Science and in the Chemistry Area BASE LATTES •Doutores em geral atuando em Pesquisa e Ensino: 134.420 (63.853 mulheres =47,5%); •Doutores em Ciências Exatas e da Terra: 19.600 (6.309 mulheres = 32,2%) •Mestres atuando
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