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Home , Edward Sabine, Eugen Merzbacher, John Cockcroft, John Herschel, John Russell Hind, Kurt Gottfried

History Newsletter CENTER FOR HISTORY OF & LIBRARY & ARCHIVES Vol. 44, No. 1 • Summer 2012

Herschel Family Papers Now Open for Research at The Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas at Austin

With generous support from the AIP Sir ’s own papers span 1809– , chemistry, geology, , Center for , the Harry 1871 and chiefly document his scientific meteorology and barometry, , Ransom Center recently completed activities and tenure at the , , physical , physics, a year-long project to rehouse, and other subjects. Also present rearrange, and describe its are his mathematical notebooks holdings of papers of the Herschel from his student years, his diaries Family in accordance with current spanning 1820–1871, and his travel archival practices and descriptive journals with observations from cataloging standards. The resulting tours in Italy, France, Germany, and finding aid describing the papers , 1809–1850. is now available online at http:// research.hrc.utexas.edu:8080/ His observations at the Cape hrcxtf/view?docId=ead/00568.xml. of Good Hope (1834–1838) are documented by reports, notes, The Herschel Family Papers at the charts, financial accounts, and Ransom Center largely represent diaries. Sir John’s correspondence the life and work of Sir John F. W. is extensive and includes Herschel (1792–1871), the noted exchanges with colleagues such English , , as George Biddle Airy, Charles chemist, and experimental Babbage, , Charles photographer. Also present are Darwin, , manuscripts and correspondence , , by and about John’s father, Sir John William Lubbock, Charles (1738–1822), Lyell, , George discoverer of the and Peacock, , Richard stellar pioneer; John’s Sheepshanks, aunt, the noted astronomer Caroline but also depict his personal life as well as Smyth, George Gabriel Stokes, William Lucretia Herschel (1750–1848); and his relationships with colleagues, friends, Henry Talbot, , many other Herschel family members, and family. His manuscripts include , and many others. scientific colleagues, and friends. writings on actinometry, astronomy, (Continued on page 2)

In this issue...

Herschel Family Papers Now Open for Research at Please Help Us Contact...... 9 The Harry Ransom Center, UT at Austin...... 1 Documentation Preserved: New Collections...... 10 Fred and Linda Dylla Donate Daughter’s Painting Documentation Preserved: New Finding Aids...... 15 to the Niels Bohr Library & Archives...... 2 AIP’s Grant to Archives...... 18 A Perfect Evening to Celebrate 14 Billion (and Fifty) Years...... 3 Joint Project with University of Maryland Students...... 18 New Section in Annalen der Physik...... 4 Friends of the Center for History of Physics...... 19 Development at AIP...... 4

Charles Irwin Weiner (1931–2012)...... 5 Cover Image: at AIP...... 7 Sir John Herschel. “The Honourable Mrs. Leicester Stanhope,” 1836. . Herschel invented the cyanotype process. Image Recent Publications of Interest...... 8 courtesy of the Harry Ransom Center.

AIP Member Societies: The American Physical Society • The Optical Society of America • The Acoustical Society of America • The Society of Rheology • The American Association of Physics Teachers American Crystallographic Association • American Astronomical Society • American Association of in Medicine • AVS The and Technology Society • American Geophysical Union (“Herschel Papers”, continued from page 1) Fred and Linda Dylla Donate Daughter’s Painting to the Niels Bohr Library & Archives Materials representing Sir William Herschel date from 1753 to 1822 and Fred and Linda Dylla have donated pursuit of knowledge. Existing shapes include correspondence, manuscripts Stellarator III, a painting by Fred’s of high- physics equipment of essays, notes, and tables. Within daughter, artist Kim Dylla, to the Niels and laboratories are pared down to his correspondence are letters from Bohr Library & Archives, where it is their essential forms evoking French his father and other relatives in now hanging in the reading room. In master Paul Cezanne’s famous idiom: Germany. A list of the Sir the exhibition brochure for “Visionary ‘Everything in adheres to the William constructed and documents Distillations,” guest curator Sarah cone, the cylinder, and the cube.’ relating to his early musical career are Tanguy notes: also present. Any suggestion of her subjects’ “In Kim Dylla’s art, physics and intended use surrenders to the Holdings for Caroline Lucretia technology go hand-in-hand with seductive interplay of and form. Herschel span 1783–1849 and consist a sophisticated understanding of Silent, cool and forceful, the machines of correspondence, biographical computer graphics and a hyperrealistic assume new identities and suggest a memoranda, documents, tables, and style. Having a as a father layered, enigmatic reality of their own. diaries. In her correspondence are predisposed her to seeing the inherent Dylla generates her compositions by letters from Carl Friedrich , John beauty in laboratory equipment and cropping passages of zoomed-out Haygarth, , machinery and to exploring space, light, . These in turn serve as and Joseph Lalande. Among her and . With college degrees in art observational references to the final manuscripts are diaries for 1833–1845, and computer science, she honed her paintings. Up close, the exacting drafts of her autobiography, and a artistic skills by copying old masters. photorealism loosens into painterly commonplace book of astronomical abstraction. Reflected surfaces memoranda that records her education “Her current ‘machine’ paintings, coalesce into blobs of color, and edges as an astronomer. though void of people and narrative, soften, becoming permeable upon celebrate human creativity and the occasion.” ■ The remainder of the collection contains papers of other Herschel Family members—including Sir John’s mother Mary Pitt Herschel, his wife Lady Herschel, and several of his children—as well as papers by or correspondence between Herschel colleagues, such as , James Russell Hind, Thomas Maclear, Edward Sabine, William Samuel Stratford, and others.

The Herschel Family Papers are supplemented by other holdings at the Ransom Center, including books and scientific offprints formerly owned by the Herschels, photographs taken by Sir John; additional printed documents and pamphlets; and a few personal objects. ■

Submitted by: Joan M. Sibley, Senior Archivist Archives & Visual Materials Cataloging Harry Ransom Center The University of Texas at Austin P. O. Box 7219 Austin, TX 78713-7219 P: 512-471-7110 F: 512-471-7930 www.hrc.utexas.edu/ Kim Dylla, Stellarator III, 2010, oil on canvas, 36” x 36.”

2 History Newsletter | Summer 2012 www.aip.org/history A Perfect Evening to Celebrate 14 Billion (and Fifty) Years Reprint of a posting from Nicole Cranberg’s blog at http://texasfireframe.com/fireplace-grate-blog/

My son Jake and I hopped a cab from Dad would have enjoyed meeting Dr. about a giant leap for mankind. The George Washington University to an Mather, an astrophysicist whose Webb, according to NASA, “will examine apartment on the other side of DC scientific focus is light years from that every phase of our history, from the first whose former occupant, we later of a nuclear physicist: the vast reaches to form after the , to learned, was Lena Horne. That set the of outer space vs. the nucleus of an the formation and evolution of planetary tone for the evening which started with a right under your nose. I later told systems capable of supporting life, to bang. Nobel Laureate in physics Dr. John Dr. Mather that his desire for Congress the history of our own Solar System.” C. Mather gave a lively talk about his to be comprised of more scientists was Dr. Mather even stated the possibility role in discovering remnants of the Big also one of my dad’s favorite themes. of the massive leading to the Bang that proved the theory beyond any Mather and my father also shared a discovery of alien life forms. doubt, and led to his earning the most keen interest in educating and inspiring esteemed award in science. He described the next generation of physicists. The Very cool. 400 degrees below zero cool, his book to us, The Very First Light – The Nobel Laureate generously contributed in fact. That’s the (farenheit) True Inside Story of the mirror will be the Scientific Journey cooled to with the Back to the Dawn of help of shields the the Universe, which size of a tennis court. he promised had Mather’s mother of intrigue, scientific all telescopes will be adventure and even launched in 2018. “But “people behaving we don’t have an exact badly.” I quickly date,” he said. That’s grabbed a copy. okay, the universe will wait. Thus began the “Celebration of With our thoughts Scientific Citizenship,” firmly in the heavens June 7, the occasion and beyond, we of the 50th boarded elevators and Anniversary of the climbed stairs to the Niels Bohr Library rooftop where earth’s & Archives and the atmosphere provided Center for History a magnificent show of Physics, which in collaboration with I’ve mentioned in an earlier post is much of his prize winnings to endow the the setting sun. Bathed in twilight, the recipient of donations made in Mather Intern program. “What else was Washington was laid out before us on my father’s name, as he’d wished. My I going to do with it?” he said. Interns all sides with its namesake monument father, Lawrence Cranberg, contributed in the program were in attendance that pointing skyward – a reminder of cosmic many documents from his physics career evening. I spoke with a few of them – an discoveries past and future. Our hosts, to the Niels Bohr Library & Archives and impressive bunch – and when I asked Dr. Marc Brodsky and his wife Vivian, had he greatly valued it as a vital source for where they were from, I was glad to see a thought of everything. scientists and students. Later in life, he very broad range of colleges represented. invented a unique fireplace grate that Dr. Mather’s future endeavors The evening also evoked physics Time magazine called “The Physicist’s promise to be as exciting as his past luminaries who preceded Dr. Mather. Fire” — the subject of this blog and accomplishments. He is Senior Project A silent auction included photographic website. Scientist for the James Webb space prints from the American Institute telescope – think mega-Hubble. Its of Physics Emilio Segre Visual Archives, I wish Dad could have been with us primary mirror, by Mather’s estimation, featuring images of Bohr, Fermi, Einstein, that evening, although in a way, he was. will be larger than Lena Horne’s former Dirac, Feynman, Weisskopf, Mayer and Nearly everyone we spoke to knew my living room. But don’t worry – it folds. Born. I was thrilled to win two – perfect father or was familiar with his work or And when it unfolds in outer space, it for the physics fans on my gift list – while his writing. will be a million miles from earth. Talk (Continued on next page) www.aip.org/history Summer 2012 | History Newsletter 3 (“Perfect Evening”, cont’d from previous page) You don’t have to be a physicist to govern everything we experience and benefiting Dad’s favorite cause. There appreciate and support the Niels Bohr observe. ■ were also works of fine art, each with a Library and Archives and the Center connection to science, including one in for the History of Physics. All that’s Many of the ideas we cherish as novel have origins that predate us by a of bold, large-scale paintings of required is a curiosity about the origins “ embarrassingly long . high energy physics equipment by Kim of the universe and a desire for a greater Rudolf Raff Dylla – fellow daughter of a physicist. The understanding of the laws of physics that ” Celebration of Scientific Citizenship was also a celebration of scientific friendship. Development at AIP Jake and I didn’t know a soul when we walked in, but felt like we’d spent an This past November, the Development The meeting of the Development evening with old friends by the time we Office hosted the inaugural meeting of Board marked the first step towards left. The physicists (present and future) the newly formed Development Board establishing a broader narrative and the AIP’s CEO, Fred Dylla and his at AIP headquarters in College Park, about the importance of all the work staff were more than welcoming to a MD. The meeting served as an important that the Physics Resource Center student of epidemiology. (I also noted first step toward creating the culture does. The Board will be charged with Jake has cocktail party skills of which I of philanthropy within the physics helping to develop creative new ways was unaware.) community that is necessary if we are to communicate the value of the to continue to strengthen and expand PRC’s contributions to the physical I was pleased to learn that this event will the programs of the Physics Resources science community, and working with mark a new tradition for the American Center (PRC).The meeting featured Development Staff to foster greater , and I hope it will presentations by Development Office interest in supporting the work of grow to include many more people in staff on the future of Development PRC among the thousands of physical the physics community and beyond. efforts at AIP, presentations by the scientists and physics enthusiasts who heads of all PRC divisions on external make use of its programs. New Section in funding opportunities within their Annalen der Physik divisions, and a presentation by If you would like to show your support By Christian Joas and Dieter Hoffmann fundraising consultant Diane Berry for the work of the PRC, please visit Love, who spoke to the Development https://donate.aip.org/ or contact us With its 2012 re-launch, the venerable Board about the basics of non-profit directly at [email protected] / (301) physics journal “Annalen der Physik” fundraising. 209-3006. ■ has allocated space for a new section dedicated to the history of physics. This section, entitled “Then & Now,” aims at fostering conversations between professional historians of science and physicists interested in the history of their . It features short essays of about 3 pages on topics from the history of physics at a level appealing to both historians and physicists alike.

As section editors for “Then & Now,” we would like to invite your contributions. Please contact either of us at cjoas@ mpiwg-.mpg.de or dh@mpiwg- berlin.mpg.de if you have any questions or ideas for potential articles. We look forward to your contributions. ■

Search 30,000+ images online at the Emilio Segrè Visual Archives AIP Development Board members. Standing, L–R: Marc Brodsky, Gary White, Ruth Howes, John Mather (Board Advisor), Jim Stith, Spencer Weart, Luke Heselden, Joe Anderson, Greg http://photos.aip.org Good, and Fred Dylla. Seated, from L–R, are: Philip “Bo” Hammer, Richee-Lori Smith, Katharine Gebbie, and Cathy O’Riordan. Diane Jacobs is not pictured.

4 History Newsletter | Summer 2012 www.aip.org/history Charles Irwin Weiner (1931–2012)

Charles Weiner, the director of the Cen- you asked yourself. It is almost in a first the letters and recollections of J. Robert ter for the History of Physics from 1965 person diary form asking yourself ques- Oppenheimer, “father” of the atomic to 1974, passed away on January 28 of tions and then setting out an agenda for bomb. Published by this year. He was 80. work, indicating you spoke to so-and-so Press in 1980, the volume has been a de- today and you got this idea and then you finitive source for scholarly and popular Charlie, as he was known to his friends want to pose yourself a certain agenda insight into the evolving personality of and colleagues, was one of the most and then tackling it. Each page is dated. the enigmatic Oppenheimer. prolific contributors to the Oral Histo- Some pages have a later date on them ry Collection in the Niels Bohr Library. because you have gone back to them Smith and Weiner’s volume, though, From 1962 through 1978, he contributed and said, well, this problem didn’t work also had an effect on the Oppenheimer over 75 oral histories, with well over 125 out or it was solved in terms of the work family. In April 1980, J. Robert Oppen- individual interview sessions, with a done on June 5, 1968 or incorporated heimer’s son, Peter, wrote to Robert’s wide range luminaries from the “Gold- into that. And so this represents the re- brother, Frank, using the recently-pub- en Age” of physics, including J. Rob- cord of the day-to-day work. lished volume as a pretext: ert Oppenheimer, Otto Frisch, Nevill Mott, , , Feynman: I actually did the work on the My Dear Uncle, John Wheeler, Walter Brattain, George paper. The excuse for this letter – for writing it Gamow, Melba Phillips, – might as well be the formal , Ed McMil- one. But really, my inspira- lan, , tion is quite different. Alice , , has sent me her volume. [The Luis Alvarez, and many Smith-Weiner book.] Probably others. you have it too. The way I fig- ure it, since my father went on The transcript of one of so often @ such great length Weiner’s most important about missing you, I should interviews, five sessions be entitled to one such claim; with , to make it, & to agitate for a lit- has recently been digi- tle time together, to say hello, tized and put online at is the purpose of this note. the AIP history website (visit http://aip.org/his- The letter is kept in the Frank tory/ohilist/ and search for Oppenheimer papers in the Feynman). The sessions Bancroft Library at the Uni- Charles Weiner (L) interviewing Otto Frisch in 1967. date from March 1966 versity of , Berkeley. through February 1973, and have been Weiner: That’s right. It wasn’t a record A copy is available on the web version of long-valued by Feynman researchers, of what you had done but it is the work. this newsletter (http://aip.org/history/ as they are one of the rare interviews of newsletter/). this sort that the scientist gave. In one Feynman: It’s the doing it — it’s the exchange from the Feynman interview scrap paper. Weiner did undergraduate work in met- (later made more famous by Feynman allurgy at the Case Institute of Technol- biographer ), Weiner and Weiner: Well, the work was done in your ogy, graduating in 1960, and received a Feynman had an insightful sparring head but the record of it is still here. Ph.D. in the history of science and tech- about the difference between the idea nology from there in 1965. of notebooks as “records” of work or as Feynman: No, it’s not a record, not re- “work” in and of itself (emphasis added): ally, it’s working. You have to work on After directing the Center for History of paper and this is the paper. OK? Physics, he took a position at the Mas- Weiner: We’re starting again and the sachusetts Institute of Technology as break was a very rewarding one because Weiner: OK. the director of the MIT Oral History Pro- we dug up four notebooks. For a min- gram. He was also involved with the Sci- ute let me just describe them. These are One of Weiner’s most famous and last- ence, Technology, and Society Program loose-leaf notebooks with each page ing historical contributions was as the at MIT, and remained active in the field containing your work, everything that co-editor (with Alice Kimball Smith) of of history of science until his death. ■ www.aip.org/history Summer 2012 | History Newsletter 5 6 History Newsletter | Summer 2012 www.aip.org/history History of Astronomy at AIP

AIP supports two distinct history In 2010, the Center for History of Physics historical courses. We are remodeling programs: the Center for History of online exhibits received more than this part of our web site in 2013, so wait a Physics and the Niels Bohr Library and 1,100,000 visits. The web exhibit “Cosmic while before sending your syllabi to us! Archives (NBLA). Why two? Simply put, Journey” (http://www.aip.org/history/ it’s because of the importance of history cosmology/) provides an expansive In the fall of 2012, the Center for to scientists, including members of the discussion of the history of scientific History of Physics and the Niels Bohr Historical Astronomy Division (HAD) of cosmology. The Center also organizes Library & Archives will organize a one- the American Astronomical Society (AAS). conferences and other programs. We day workshop for Member Society worked with Ozzie Osborne and AAS on a officers and volunteers interested in Among the many functions of NBLA is workshop on preservation of astronomical encouraging historical activities in their the preservation of all of AIP’s Member glass-plate negatives, held in April. Three societies. To get on the workshop list, Societies’ important records. In the last other societies (APS, AGU, and AAPT) contact History Center Director Greg year, the library has accepted a new batch have expressed interest in developing Good at [email protected]. ■ of material from AAS related to society systematic, ongoing oral history programs. matters. We now have 168 linear feet of The Center for History of Physics will work AAS records in the collection, along with with any Member Society to explore its 21 cassette tapes and 3 films. ideas regarding activities and projects Taken as a story of human having to do with history. “achievement and human The library is also an information blindness, the discoveries That does not mean we can take on clearinghouse and maintains and in the are among all ideas. Our staff is small. Historic constantly expands the International the great epics, and they preservation of old observatories is a Catalog of Sources (ICOS), a worldwide should be available in our good idea, but beyond our expertise. union catalog of individual scientists’ tradition. manuscript collections: their letters, We won’t be taking thousands of glass- plate negatives, either, since these will go notebooks, and other important papers. J. Robert Oppenheimer” (Looking for ’s letters to elsewhere. We do address educational colleagues? Check ICOS: They’re at the issues, for example posting syllabi of Huntington Library in Pasadena.) NBLA does not usually accept the papers of individual (or physicists), but we do help to find an appropriate home for such collections. Some should go to a university archive, others to the relevant national archive, and still others – like Hubble’s – to a privately endowed institution.

In addition, the library cares for a growing collection of 18,000 titles, focused on the physical sciences—including astronomy—of the 19th and 20th centuries—as well as 30,000 photographs, more than 1,000 oral history interviews, a number of institutional histories, and more. For example, you can find photos of astronomers at http://photos.aip.org/ (try Eddington) or read the transcript of a 1977 oral history interview with Horace W. Babcock (http://www.aip.org/ history/ohilist/1038.html). This interview is part of the 400 hours of interviews in Knut Angstrom works at his desk. The pyrheliometers on his desk are now in the the Sources for the History of Modern Cabinet of Physics, Department of Physics, Uppsala University, Sweden. Credit: Astrophysics Project. Department of Physics, Uppsala University, courtesy AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives. www.aip.org/history Summer 2012 | History Newsletter 7 Recent Publications of Interest CERN Courier Compiled by Alex Wellerstein Vol. 51, No. 9: Anatoly Shepelev and David Larbalestier, “The discovery of type This is our usual compilation of some (by no means all) recently published articles II superconductors.” on the history of , astronomy, , and allied fields. Note that these bibliographies have been posted on our Web site since 1994, and you can Vol. 51, No. 10: Maria Fidecaro and search the full text of all of them (along with our annual book bibliography, recent Christine Sutton, “Zehui He: following a Catalog of Sources entries, exhibit materials, etc.) by using the “Search” icon on our different road.” site index: www.aip.org/history/s-index.htm.

Vol. 52, No. 2: Lina Galtieri and Jeanne To restrict your search to the bibliographies, enter in the box: Miller, “Luis Alvarez: the ideas man.” [your search term(s)] and “recent publications”

Diplomatic History Annals of Science Vol. 66. No. 3: Helge Kragh, “Preludes Vol. 36, No. 3: Sean L. Malloy, “ ‘A very Vol. 69, No. 1: Sebastian Whitestone, to dark energy: zero-point energy and pleasant way to die’: effects “Christian Huygens’ Lost and Forgotten vacuum speculations”; J. A. Ruffner, and the decision to use the atomic bomb Pamphlet of his Invention.” “Newton’s De gravitatione: a review and against Japan.” reassessment.” Vol. 69, No. 2: Roberto Lalli, “The Historia Scientiarum Reception of Miller’s Ether-Drift Berichte zur Vol. 20, No. 1: “How Physical Laws Were Experiments in the USA: The History of Wissenschaftsgeschichte Understood in Mid-19th Century East a Controversy in Relativity Revolution.” Vol. 35, No. 1: Gebhard Löhr, “Max Asia : A Comparative Study of Choe Han- Planck – ein Gegner des Christentums? gi and Nishi Amane”; “Far Eastern Vacuum Archive for History of Exact Die Debatte um Plancks Haltung zur and Electricity : Augustin Hallerstein and Sciences Religion nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg.” Experimental Correspondence between Vol. 66. No. 1: Miklós Rédei and Beijing and Europe.” Charlotte Werndl, “On the history of British Journal for the History of Science the isomorphism problem of dynamical Vol. 20, No. 2: “Success from Different systems with special regard to von Vol. 44, No. 4: Pedro Ruiz-Castell, Programs : The Development of Neumann’s contribution.” “Priority claims and public disputes in Experimental Researches on Thermal astronomy: E.M. Antoniadi, J. Radiation in Germany at the End of the Comas i Solà and the search 19th Century.” for authority and social prestige in the early twentieth Historical Studies in century.” the Natural Sciences Vol. 42, No. 1: Megan Barnhart Vol. 55, No. 1: Matthew Sethi, “Information, Education, and Stanley, “By design: James Indoctrination: The Federation of American Clerk Maxwell and the Scientists and Public Communication evangelical unification of Strategies in the Atomic Age.” science”; Graham Spinardi, “The limits to ‘-off’: Vol. 42, No. 2: Patrick David Slaney, UK defence R & D and the “, the Bulletin of development of gallium the Atomic Scientists, and the Nature of arsenide technology.” Scientific Internationalism in the Early Cold War.” Centaurus Vol. 53, No. 4: Helge Kragh, History of Geo- and “A Controversial Molecule: Space Sciences The Early History of Triatomic Vol. 3, No. 1: N. Ptitsyna and A. Altamore, .” “Father Secchi and the first Italian Western Electric technician Mike Hyle monitors a pilot magnetic observatory.” production operation at the Atlanta Works, where pre- Vol. 54, No. 1: Frances cisely fabricated glass rods called ‘preforms’ are softened Willmoth, “Römer, Flamsteed, (above) and pulled into hair-thin lightguides. Credit: Isis Bell Laboratories / Alcatel-Lucent USA Inc., courtesy AIP Cassini and the of Light.” Vol. 102, No. 4: David Philip Miller, Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, Physics Today Collection.

8 History Newsletter | Summer 2012 www.aip.org/history “The Paradoxes of Patenting at General “George Hartley Bryan, Ludwig Lomonosov and the dawn of Russian Electric: Isador Ladoff’s Journey from Boltzmann, and the Stability of Flight”; science.” Siberian Exile to the Heart of Corporate Francesco Guerra, Matteo Leone and Capitalism.” Nadia Robotti, “The Discovery of Vol. 65, No. 5: Alex Wellerstein, “A tale of Artificial Radioactivity”; Ruth Lewin openness and secrecy: The Philadelphia Vol. 103, No. 1: Thomas Broman, Sime, “The Politics of Forgetting: Otto Story.” “Metaphysics for an Enlightened Public: Hahn and the German Nuclear-Fission The Controversy over Monads in Project in World War II.” Studies in History Germany, 1746–1748”; David Kaiser, “A and Philosophy of Tale of Two Textbooks: Experiments in Vol. 14, No. 2: Jeroen van Dongen, Modern Physics Genre.” “Mistaken Identity and Mirror Images: Vol. 42, No. 1: Alexander Pechenkin, Albert and Carl Einstein, Leiden and “The early statistical interpretations of Notes and Records Berlin, Relativity and Revolution”; Rodolfo quantum in the USA and of the Royal Society Rosa, “The Merli–Missiroli–Pozzi Two- USSR”; Allen Clark Dotson, “Popper and Vol. 66, No. 1: David Cahan, “Helmholtz Slit -Interference Experiment”; Dingle on and the issue and the British scientific elite: From force Norton M. Hintz, “My Life in Nuclear of symmetry.” conservation to energy conservation”; Physics, Photography, and Opera.” Diarmid A. Finnegan, “James Croll, Vol. 42, No. 2: Christina Conroy, “The metaphysical geologist.” Physics Today relative facts interpretation and Everett’s Vol. 64, No. 12: Deborah Kent, “The note added in proof.” Vol. 66, No. 2: Shaul Katzir, “Who knew curious aftermath of ’s piezoelectricity? Rutherford and Langevin discovery.” Technology and Culture on submarine detection and the invention Vol. 53, No. 2: R. Scott Kemp, “The end of sonar”; Neil Todd, “The Vol. 65, No. 1: Chen Ning Yang, of Manhattan: How the gas centrifuge Committee of the Royal Society and the “Quantum numbers, Chern classes, and changed the quest for nuclear weapons.” fate of the substances purchased by it.” a bodhisattva.” Vol. 53, No. 3: Sean F. Johnston, “Making Physics in Perspective Vol. 65, No. 2: Per Carlson, “A century of the invisible engineer visible: DuPont and Vol. 14, No. 1: T. James M. Boyd, cosmic rays”; Vladimir Shiltsev, “Mikhail the recognition of nuclear expertise.” ■

Please help us contact...

...the individuals listed below or their heirs so we can put their oral history interview transcripts online. The ! Library’s project to mount the transcripts of our most valuable oral histories on the web is coming to a success- ful conclusion.

Currently, one can read interviews with over 500 physicists and astronomers, including figures like Bohr, Bethe, Chandrasekhar, Gell-Mann, and Rabi, and listen to voice clips of Heisenberg, Gamow, and others, by clicking on the list of names at http:// www.aip.org/history/nbl/oralhistory.html. For a full description of the project, which is funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities, see our Fall 2008 newsletter (http://www.aip.org/history/newsletter/fall2008/oral-history.html).

Contacting interviewees and heirs for permissions is one of the most important and most time consuming parts of the project, and you and other newsletter readers have been of enormous help in the past. We are counting on you now to help us include these important individuals in our new online archive. If you have contact information or other information, please get in touch with Amanda Nelson at [email protected] or 301-209-3172.

Budyko, Mikhail Knox, J. Smith, Herbert W. Burton, Joseph Asby Laslett, L. Jackson (Lawrence Jackson) Terhune, R. W. (Robert William) Douglass, Enid Lisitsyn, Alexandr Torka, Gisela Dumke, W. P. McCrea, William Hunter Vinal, George Wood Eaton, Gordon P. Morozovskia, Lilia Walter, Henry G. Emiliani, Cesare Peterson, Allen Montgomery Zilsel, Paul R. Hinzpeter, Hans Shepherd, Anna Zverev, Mitrofan S. Jacoby, Gordon Shockley, William www.aip.org/history Summer 2012 | History Newsletter 9 Documentation Preserved Branch Road, N. W., Washington, DC Compiled by Melanie Brown 20015, USA Our report of new collections or new finding aids is based on our regular survey of Department of Terrestrial Magnetism Co- archives and other repositories. Many of the collections are new accessions, which may not be processed, and we also include previously reported collections that now operative Expedition records. Collection have an online finding aid available. Dates: 1921-1972, 1935-1937. Size: 6 linear feet. Restrictions: There are no access To learn more about any of the collections listed below, use the International Catalog restrictions to this collection. of Sources for History of Physics and Allied Sciences at www.aip.org/history/icos. You can search in a variety of ways including by author or by repository. Carnegie Institution of Washington. Please contact the repository mentioned for information on restrictions and access Geophysical Laboratory. Library and to the collections. Archives. 5241 Broad Branch Road, N. W., Washington, DC 20015, USA

NEW COLLECTIONS Jet Propulsion Laboratory papers. Collec- Geophysical Laboratory financial records. tion Dates: 1939-1968. Size: 7.5 linear University of California, San Diego. Collection Dates: 1905-1961 (bulk 1905- feet. Archives of the Scripps Institution of 1919). Size: 14.5 linear feet. Restrictions: Oceanography. Mail Code C-075-C. La There are no access restrictions. Keck Telescope papers. Collection Dates: Jolla, CA 92093-0175, USA dates unknown. Size: 1 linear foot. Geophysical Laboratory col- Walter Heinrich Munk papers, additions (Col- lection. Collection Dates: 1906-present. Palomar Observatory picture col- lections 96-04 and 2009-27). Collection Size: 18 linear feet. Restrictions: There lection. Collection Dates: 1935-1996 (bulk Dates: 1953-1998. Size: 9.5 manuscript boxes. are no access restrictions. 1935-1948). Size: 10 black and white 16 mm film reels; 43 color 16 mm film reels; Geophysical Laboratory research notes 1 black and white 35 mm reel; 19 video Austin History Center P.O. Box 2287, and files. Collection Dates: 1907-present. tapes and 1 DVD. Restrictions: The col- Austin, TX 78768-2287, USA Size: 5 records center cartons. Restric- lection is open for research. Research- tions: There are no access restrictions to ers must apply in writing for access. Frederick Albert Matsen papers. Collec- this collection. tion Dates: 1938-2010. Size: 0.25 linear feet Milton Plesset papers. Collection Dates: (1 box). Restrictions: Open to all users. dates unknown. Size: 1.5 linear feet. Clemson University. Libraries. Special Collections. Senator Strom Thurmond Gordon J. Stanley papers. Collection California Institute of Technology. In- Dates: dates unknown. Institute Building, Clemson, SC 29634- stitute Archives. 1201 East California 3001, USA Blvd. (Mail Code 015A-74), Pasadena, Oral history interview with Valentine L. CA 91125, USA Telegdi. Collection Dates: 2008 March 4 Clemson University Department of Physics and 9. Size: Transcript: 78 pages. Audio and Astronomy records. Collection Dates: Oral history interview with Clarence R. Al- recording: 1 cassette. Restrictions: The 1957-2001. Size: 27 cubic feet. Restric- len. Collection Dates: 1994 April 1 and 4. interview is unrestricted. tions: Access to these files is restricted Size: Transcript: 48 pages. Audio record- to office staff only until processing is ing: 1 cassette. Restrictions: The inter- Oral history interview with Michael Wer- complete. view is unrestricted. ner. Collection Dates: 2008 July 25. Size: Transcript: 45 pages. Restrictions: The DePauw University. Archives of DePauw Elmer and Joseph Heller collection on interview is unrestricted. University and Indiana United Method- Richard P. Feynman. Collection Dates: ism. Roy O. West Library. Greencastle, 1935-1990. Size: 0.25 linear feet. Restric- James Westphal papers. Collection Dates: IN 46135, USA tions: The collection is open for re- dates unknown. search. Researchers must apply in writ- DePauw University Physics Department ing for access. records. Collection Dates: 1962-1985. Carnegie Institution of Washington. Size: 0.8 linear feet (2 document cases). Oral history interview with Joseph H. Hell- Department of Terrestrial Magnetism. Restrictions: Collection is open for re- er. Collection Dates: 2010 May 5. Size: Library and Archives. 5241 Broad search. Transcript: 20 pages.

10 History Newsletter | Summer 2012 www.aip.org/history Hoover Institution on War, Revolution . Manuscript Divi- Rice University. Fondren Library. and Peace. Archives. Stanford Univer- sion. James Madison Memorial Build- Woodson Research Center. P. O. Box sity, Stanford, CA 94305, USA ing, First Street and Independence 1892, Houston, TX 77001, USA Avenue, S. E., Washington, DC 20540, Albert V. Baez papers. Collection Dates: USA Neal Lane papers. Collection Dates: 1964- 1955-2004. Size: 51 manuscript boxes 2002. Size: 115 cubic feet (89 boxes). and 1 oversize box. Restrictions: Collec- Frank Kameny papers. Collection Dates: Restrictions: This material is open for tion is open for research. 1843-2006 (bulk 1957-1996). Size: 56.8 research. linear feet (142 containers, 1 oversize). William Offutt Doub papers. Collection Restrictions: Restrictions apply govern- Dates: 1970-1974. Size: 68.8 linear feet ing the use, photoduplication, or publi- Southern Methodist University. De- (165 manuscript boxes). Restrictions: cation of items in this collection. Many Golyer Library. 6404 Hilltop Lane, Collection is open for research. collections are stored off-site and ad- Dallas, TX 75205, USA vance notice is needed to retrieve these items for research use. Ben S. Melton papers. Collection Dates: Houston Academy of Medicine Texas 1931-1988. Size: 2 linear feet (2 boxes). Medical Center Library 1133 John Edward N. Lorenz papers. Size: Unpro- Restrictions: Collection is open for re- Freeman Blvd. Houston, TX 77030, cessed collection of four accessions. search use. USA Restrictions: Restrictions may apply to unprocessed material. William H. Ellett Atomic Bomb Casualty . Department of Commission papers. Collection Dates: Special Collections and University Ar- 1945-1992. Size: 1 cubic foot (2 boxes, 1 Ohio Historical Society. Archives- chives. Stanford, CA 94305, USA map drawer). Restrictions: Access to this Library Division. 1982 Velma Avenue, material is not restricted. Some use re- Columbus, OH 43211, USA Albert V. Baez papers. Collection Dates: striction may apply, including copyright 1949-1995. Size: 9 linear feet (9 boxes). restrictions. Consult an archivist. North American Astrophysical Observato- ry records. Collection Dates: 1950-1990. Robert T. Jones papers. Collection Dates: Size: 0.5 cubic feet. 1912-1996. Size: 23 linear feet. Restric- Iowa State University. Parks Library. (Continued on next page) Department of Special Collections. Ames, IA 50011, USA

Willet Beavers papers. Collection Dates: 1965-1985 and undated. Size: 0.42 lin- ear feet (1 document box). Restrictions: Open for research

Wallace C. Caldwell papers. Collection Dates: 1983-2003. Size: 0.42 linear feet (1 document box). Restrictions: Open for research.

Iowa State University Carl- son Lecture records. Collection Dates: 1955-1969. Size: 0.71 linear feet (1 half document box and 1 card file box). Re- strictions: Open for research.

Iowa State University Department of Phys- ics and Astronomy Erwin W. Fick Observa- tory records. Collection Dates: 1972-2007 and undated. Size: 0.42 linear feet (1 document box). Restrictions: Open for L-R: Melba Phillips and Robert Little pose for a photo during the AAPT (American Association of research. Physics Teachers) Russia - China tour of October, 1983. Credit: Photo by Earl Zwicker, courtesy AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives. www.aip.org/history Summer 2012 | History Newsletter 11 Philip Frederick Rehbock papers. Collec- tion Dates: 1760-2001. Size: 92 manu- script boxes.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Of- fice of the Director, Charles F. Kennel re- cords. Collection Dates: 1963-2006 (bulk 1987-2006). Size: 56 manuscript boxes, 16 16mm films, video cassettes, slides.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Of- fice of the Director, Edward Frieman re- cords. Collection Dates: 1924-2002. Size: 183 manuscript boxes, 2 record cartons.

University of California, San Diego. Archives of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Mail Code C-075-C. La Jolla, CA 92093-0175, USA

Sylvester Gates sits for a photo with an poster on the wall behind him. Credit: AIP Fred Noel Spiess films (Collection 2007- Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, Ronald E. Mickens Collection. 21). Collection Dates: 1949-1989. Size: 166 8 mm films, 8 DVDs, 2 audio cas- (New Collections, cont’d from previous page) settes. tions: Collection is open for research; UCLA Department of Physics administra- materials must be requested at least 24 tive files of the department chairs.Collec - Fred Noel Spiess additions to papers: Col- hours in advance of intended use. tion Dates: 1923-1987. Size: 23.2 linear lection 2007-17 (1964-2006, 91 manu- feet (58 boxes). script boxes) and Collection 2009-22 (1945-2009, 47 manuscript boxes). University of California, Irvine. Uni- versity Libraries. Dept. of Special Col- University of California, San Diego. lections. P.O. Box 19557, Irvine, CA Archives of the Scripps Institution of University of Chicago. The Joseph Re- 92623-9557, USA Oceanography. Mail Code C-075-C. La genstein Library. Department of Spe- Jolla, CA 92093-0175, USA cial Collections. 1100 East 57th Street, F. Sherwood Rowland papers. Collection Chicago, IL 60637, USA Dates: 1928-2009 (bulk 1960-1998). Size: Harmon Craig papers. Collection Dates: 178 linear feet (312 boxes and 2 over- 1923-2005. Size: 376 manuscript boxes, 2 Charles D. Coryell papers. Collection sized folders). oversize boxes, 1 slide box, 2 film boxes. Dates: 1945-1959. Size: 2 linear feet (4 boxes). Restrictions: No restrictions. Jørgen Holmboe papers. Collection University of California, . Dates: 1929-1972, bulk 1934-1945. Size: Philip Fox notebooks. Collection Dates: University Research Library. Depart- 2.5 manuscript boxes. ment of Special Collections. Los Ange- 1905-1933. Size: 2.5 linear feet (5 boxes). Restrictions: This collection contains a les, CA 90024-1575, USA Charles D. Keeling papers. Collection Dates: 1950-1995. Size: 537 manuscript recording which requires reformatting Lawrence H. Aller papers. Collection boxes, 15 record cartons, 1 oversize box for access. The remainder of the collec- Dates: 1928-2001. Size: 1 linear foot (2 box- and 3 videocassettes. Restrictions: Ac- tion is open for research. es). Restrictions: Collection stored off- cess is restricted to some portions of site: Advance notice required for access. the collection; contact the archives staff papers. Collection Dates: at Scripps for more information. undated. Size: 27 containers. W. D. Hershberger papers. Collection Dates: 1931-1984. Size: 1 linear foot (2 box- Charles F. Kennel papers. Collection Atomic scientists’ printed and near-print es). Restrictions: Collection stored off- Dates: 1970-2006. Size: 26 manuscript material. Collection Dates: 1945-1952. site: Advance notice required for access. boxes. Size: 3.5 linear feet.

12 History Newsletter | Summer 2012 www.aip.org/history University of Chicago Department of J. Hugh Pruett papers. Collection Dates: 1942-1962. Size: 2 linear feet (2 boxes). Meteorology records. Collection Dates: undated. Size: 4 boxes. Restrictions: Collections are stored off- 1937-1950. Size: 1.75 linear feet (4 boxes). site, and a minimum of 24 hours is need- Restrictions: Open for researchers. no J. Hugh Pruett photographs. Collection ed to retrieve these items for use. Re- restrictions. Dates: 1900s-1950s. Size: 0.75 linear feet searchers interested in consulting any (42 containers). of the collections are advised to contact Yerkes Observatory logbooks and note- Special Collections. books. Collection Dates: 1892-1988. Size: 26.5 linear feet (53 boxes). University of Rochester. Rush Rhees Library. Dept. of Rare Books, Manu- University of Texas at Austin. Center scripts and Archives. Rochester, New for American History. University Ar- University of Colorado. Libraries. Ar- York 14627, USA chives. Austin, TX 78713, USA chives Department. Campus Box 184, Boulder, CO 80302-0184, USA John R. Huizenga collection on cold fusion. John Matthias Kuehne photograph collec- Collection Dates: undated. Size: 6 boxes. tion. Collection Dates: 1894-1950. Size: David Hawkins papers. Collection Dates: 8 linear feet (571 silver gelatin prints, 1863-2001. Size: 18.5 linear feet (37 box- 1 color print, 356 glass negatives, 184 es, 2 oversize folders). Restrictions: The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. film negatives, 289 lantern slides and collection is open for research. Special Collections Library. James D. other glass positives, 2 film positives, Hoskins Library, Knoxville, TN 37996, 280 autochromes and glass film color USA transparencies, 15 35mm color slides). University of Colorado. Libraries. Restrictions: Prints are unrestricted, all Western Historical Collections. Cam- Brown Ayres diplomas and other materi- transparent media are restricted. Please pus Box 184, Boulder, CO 80302- als. Collection Dates: 1872-1939. Size: contact Photo Archivist for more infor- 0184, USA 3.17 linear feet (2 boxes). Restrictions: mation. Collections are stored offsite, and a Atomic West collections. Collection minimum of 24 hours is needed to re- J. Craig Wheeler papers. Collection Dates: Dates: 1945-2000. trieve these items for use. Researchers 2005-2010. Size: 1 linear foot. Restric- interested in consulting any of the col- tions: This collection is open for re- lections are advised to contact Special search use. University of Minnesota. Charles Bab- Collections. (Finding Aids on page 15) bage Institute. Center for the . University of Minneso- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Depart- ta Libraries, Minneapolis, MN 55455, ment of Physics records. Collection Dates: USA

Oral history interview with Robert S. Coo- per. Collection Dates: 1993 September 3. Size: Transcript: 42 pages. Audio record- ing: 2 cassettes.

University of Mississippi. Williams Library. Department of Ar- chives and Special Collections. Univer- sity, MS 38677, USA

Robert B. Fulton tests collection. Col- lection Dates: 1884-1886. Size: 0.5 lin- ear feet (1 box). Restrictions: Open for research.

University of Oregon. Library Eugene, L–R: , , others unidentified, in Zurich, Switzerland, 1929. Credit: OR 97403, USA AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, Rudolf Peierls Collection. www.aip.org/history Summer 2012 | History Newsletter 13 14 History Newsletter | Summer 2012 www.aip.org/history tion Dates: 1917-1981. Size: 11 linear feet Restrictions: These files are restricted NEW FINDING AIDS (circa 4000 items). and may not be consulted until ten years American Philosophical Society. Li- after the death of the individual. brary 105 South Fifth Street, Philadel- Chalres P. Olivier correspondence. Collec- phia, PA 19106, USA tion Dates: 1915-1962. Size: 0.5 linear feet William G. Spencer letters to Caroline (circa 400 items). Watts. Collection Dates: 1839-1849. Size: Radium and its rays. Collection Dates: 42 items. 1914. Size: 62 pages: typed. Notes taken from Professor Olmsted’s lec- tures on . Collection J. H. Van Vleck papers. Collection Dates: Dates: 1827-1829. Size: 1 volume (141 1923-1959. Size: 189 items. American Philosophical Society. Li- pages). brary. 105 South Fifth Street, Philadel- Fred Whipple correspondence. Collection phia, PA 19106, USA James Paget correspondence. Collection Dates: 1965-1975. Size: 0.25 linear feet Dates: 1784-1932. Size: 192 items. (circa 100 pages). Thomas Darlington Cope papers. Collec- tion Dates: circa 1909-1964. Size: 7 linear Physics Club of Philadelphia archives. Col- feet. lection Dates: 1909-1918, 1945-1971. Size: Duke University. Archives. 341 Perkins circa 2000 items (2.5 linear feet). Library, Duke University, Durham, NC Reminiscences of Albert P. Crary: oral 27706, USA history. Collection Dates: 1962. Size: 87 Max Plank correspondence. Collection leaves (on 1 microfiche). Dates: 1919-1948. Size: 18 items. Paul M. Gross papers. Collection Dates: 1924-1965. Size: 3 filing drawers and 33 Augustus De Morgan letters. Collection Franco Rasetti papers. Collection Dates: boxes. Dates: 1841-1866. Size: 30 items. 1941-1966. Size: 1.5 linear feet (circa 1,500 items). letters to Enrico Perisco. Col- Library of Congress. Manuscript Divi- lection Dates: 1918-1926. Size: 28 items. Meteorological observations. Collection sion. James Madison Memorial Build- Dates: 1784. Size: 1 volume (33 pages). ing, First Street and Independence Samuel A. Goudsmit papers. Collection Avenue, S. E., Washington, DC 20540, Dates: 1928-1932. Size: 32 items. Anne Roe papers. Collection Dates: 1949- USA 1971. Size: 6 linear feet (circa 6000 items). (Continued on next page) George Ellery Hale papers. Collection Dates: 1882-1937. Size: 100 microfilm reels.

William Rowan Hamilton correspondence. Collection Dates: 1827-1852. Size: 0.25 lin- ear feet (circa 95 items).

Joseph Henry letters. Collection Dates: 1836-1878. Size: 45 items.

John F. W. Herschel correspondence. Col- lection Dates: 1817-1871. Size: 40 items.

Erinnerungen aus meinem Leben. Col- lection Dates: 1936. Size: 1 volume (344 pages).

Donald H. Menzel autobiography. Col- lection Dates: September 1974. Size: 669 pages. Restrictions: Access restricted; consult the repository. Bell Labs engineer Art Warner places a lightwave communications receiver module into a labo- ratory equipment rack. Credit: Bell Laboratories / Alcatel-Lucent USA Inc., courtesy AIP Emilio Rose C. L. Mooney-Slater papers. Collec- Segrè Visual Archives, Physics Today Collection. www.aip.org/history Summer 2012 | History Newsletter 15 Cleveland Abbe papers. Collection Dates: C. O. Lampland papers. Collection Dates: University of California, San Diego. 1850-1954. Size: 12.4 linear feet (34 con- 1894-1951. Size: 20 linear feet. Restric- Archives of the Scripps Institution of tainers, 9500 items). Restrictions: The tions: Researchers wishing to use the Oceanography. Mail Code C-075-C. La papers of Cleveland Abbe are open to collections of the Lowell Observatory Jolla, CA 92093-0175, USA research. should make an appointment in advance. Richard A. Haubrich papers. Collection Nicholas E. Golovin papers. Collection Percival Lowell papers. Collection Dates: Dates: 1969-1984. Size: 1 record carton. Dates: 1943-1970 (bulk 1958-1969). Size: 1882-1916. Restrictions: Researchers 10.8 linear feet (27 containers). wishing to use the collections of the Low- James M. Snodgrass papers. Collection ell Observatory should make an appoint- Dates: 1945-1975 (bulk 1960-1970). Size: 5 Piccard Family papers. Collection Dates: ment in advance. cubic feet (5 record center cartons). 1470-1983 (bulk 1926-1983). Size: 82 lin- ear feet (204 containers plus 1 oversize Vesto M. Slipher papers. Collection Dates: drawer). 1899-1965. Size: 29 linear feet. Restric- University of Chicago. The Joseph Re- tions: Researchers wishing to use the genstein Library. Department of Spe- Naval Observatory records. collections of the Lowell Observatory cial Collections. 1100 East 57th Street, Collection Dates: 1830-1900. Size: 12 lin- should make an appointment in advance. Chicago, IL 60637, USA ear feet (29 containers, 8,000 items). Association of Scientists re- E. H. Vestine papers. Collection Dates: University Archives. Elmer cords. Collection Dates: 1945-1946. Size: 1932-1968. Size: 18 containers ( 3900 Holmes Bobst Library, 70 Washington 28 folders. items). Square South, New York, NY 10012, USA Association of Los Alamos Scientists re- cords. Collection Dates: 1945-1948. Size: Lowell Observatory. 1400 West Draper family collection. Collection 5.5 linear feet (11 boxes). Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA Dates: 1836-1982. Size: 2.5 linear feet. Association of Oak Ridge Engineers and Scientists records. Collection Dates: 1945- 1952. Size: 10.5 feet.

Association of Pasadena Scientists records. Collection Dates: 1945-1946. Size: 1 foot (1000 items).

Association of Scientists for Atomic Educa- tion records. Collection Dates: 1946-1948. Size: 2 linear feet.

University of Illinois at Urbana-Cham- paign. University Archives. 1408 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Graduate College Campus Research Board records. Collection Dates: 1929-2005. Size: 104.2 cubic feet. Restrictions: Campus Re- search Board Files relating to the recruit- ment and retention of faculty members, found in boxes 52-55 are restricted from access for 20 years from the date of the recorded in the file. During that period, researchers wishing to examine these files must first secure the written Attendants of the Brandeis Summer School sitting on a stonewall, 1962. L-R: Nari Mistry, Barbara permission of the Executive Secretary of Jackson, Konstantin (Dino) Goulianos. Credit: AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, J. D. Jackson Slide Collection. the University Research Board.

16 History Newsletter | Summer 2012 www.aip.org/history University of Illinois at Urbana-Cham- paign, Senate Committee on the History of the Participation of the University [of Il- linois] in records. Collection Dates: 1915-1923. Size: 20.6 cubic feet.

University of Mississippi. John Davis Williams Library. Department of Ar- chives and Special Collections. Univer- sity, MS 38677, USA

Robert B. Fulton papers. Collection Dates: 1890-1906. Size: 12.0 linear feet (24 boxes).

Sanford C. Gladden papers. Collection Dates: 1930-1945. Size: 1.0 linear feet (2 boxes).

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library. Manuscripts Department. Southern Historical Collection. Wilson Library CB# 3926, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3926, USA

Charles R. Mann papers. Collection Dates: circa 1908-1923. Size: 1 linear foot.

Two men look take a look through the Lowell Telescope in Mexico, 1897.Credit: AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, T. J. J. See Collection. University of Rochester. Rush Rhees Library, Dept. of Rare Books, Manu- University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Caroline Furness papers. Collection Dates: scripts and Archives. Rochester, New Special Collections Library. James D. 1887-1928. Size: 2.6 linear feet (5 boxes). York 14627, USA Hoskins Library, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA papers. Collection Dates: Sir James W. Gordon family papers. Collec- 1853-2007, (bulk 1853-1889) Size: 12 cubic tion Dates: 1808-1861. Size: 39 items. Warren K. Sinclair experiment papers. Col- feet (52 boxes). Restrictions: This collec- lection Dates: 1960-1981. Size: 12 linear tion is open for research according to the feet. regulations of the Vassar College Librar- ies Department of Archives and Special University of Rochester. Rush Rhees Collections without any additional re- Library. Dept. of Rare Books, Manu- University of Texas at Austin. Harry strictions. scripts and Archives. Rochester, New Ransom Humanities Research Center. York 14627, USA P.O. Drawer 7219, Austin, TX 78713- Vassar College Astronomy Department re- 7219, USA cords. Collection Dates: 1888-1936. Size: 2 Brian O’Brien papers. Collection Dates: linear feet (8 boxes, 1 volume). ■ 1899-2001. Size: 17 boxes. Albert Einstein collection. Collection Dates: 1906-1955. Size: 5 boxes (2.5 linear Optical Society of America Rochester feet). Section minutes and records. Collection The history of science is Dates: 1915-2010. Size: 15 boxes. “ science itself; the history of an individual, the individual. Vassar College Libraries. Archives and Cyril J. Staud papers. Collection Dates: Special Collections. Poughkeepsie, NY —Göethe” 1925-1942. Size: 0.3 cubic feet. 12604, USA www.aip.org/history Summer 2012 | History Newsletter 17 AIP’s Grant to Archives

In 1998 the AIP History Programs Tombaugh, Alan Sandage, and Burton The aim is to further historical created a new resource for the science Wheeler for research (see http://aip. understanding of science and the archives community: matching grants org/history/grants_previous.html for a science community. All of the to help process the backlog of physics/ list of all recipients). collections that are processed with AIP allied science collections that exist in assistance are included in our online repositories around the world. The skilled work that is required catalog, ICOS (http://aip.org/history/ to preserve, organize, and catalog icos) that serves as an information The grants, now in their 14th year, are archival collections is expensive and clearinghouse on archival resources in offered annually. They help participating time consuming, and funding for any our field. archives to make some of their most one processing project often comes valuable collections accessible to from a combination of sources, All archival repositories in the U.S. researchers, and at the same time they including the owning repository, and abroad may apply for AIP grants typically encourage the archives to grants from government agencies or to process archival collections in accession new resources in physics and private foundations, and individual modern physics/allied sciences, allied fields. We have awarded a total of donations. AIP’s grants are for a including repositories at universities, almost $500,000 to about 40 repositories maximum of $10,000, and they are corporations, historical societies, and since the program started. intended to provide an incentive and government agencies. Individuals are to help individual archives raise the not eligible to apply. For information on The grants can be used to organize money that’s needed to undertake applying for a grant see http://aip.org/ and catalog the papers of individuals significant projects to preserve, history/grants_guidelines.html. or the records of institutions, and inventory, arrange, describe, and among others, we have contributed catalog substantial collections in the Next year’s deadline for applications is to preparing the papers of John history of modern physics, astronomy, Aug. 15, 2013. ■ Wheeler, Hans Bethe, Sir James Rotblat, geophysics, optics, acoustics, rheology William Fowler, Victor Weiskopf, Clyde and crystallography.

Joint Project with University of Maryland Students

This semester, students from the University of Maryland’s Master of Information Management program are working on a project to help the Niels Bohr Library & Archives present digitized collections online.

The students are working with the image viewer originally designed for the papers, which were completely digitized and placed online in 2011. The application was designed for large-scale archival collections, so the students will help us adapt our procedures to suit the smaller materials we more often scan: manuscript biographies, institutional histories, and other small collections. The librarians and archivists regularly scan such materials in response to patron Unidentified man works with equipment at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory in New York. Credit: American Museum of Natural History, NY (L-DEO, ), courtesy requests as part of a “scan on demand” AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives. service. ■

18 History Newsletter | Summer 2012 www.aip.org/history Friends of the Center for History of Physics

2011 Annual Fund

We gratefully acknowledge the support of many Friends whose contributions have helped to preserve and make known the his- tory of physics and allied sciences. This list is our public acknowledgment of Friends who contributed in 2010 to the Center for History of Physics. Patrons contributed $2,500 or more; Sponsors contributed $1,000 to $2,499; Colleagues contributed $500 to $999; Associates contributed $250 to $499; and Members up to $249. Bookplate Donations honor or memorialize a colleague while supporting the purchase or conservation of rare books. ★ Designates our Physics Heritage Donors, who have given each year for the past seven years or more. ‡ Designates a recently-deceased donor. ◆ Designates donations made in memory of Lawrence Cranberg. If you would like to join the Friends in supporting the Center for History of Physics, please write to us at: One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740-3843, call 301-209-3006, e-mail [email protected], or visit our Web page at www.aip.org/history/historymatters.

PATRONS David W. Ignat Paul O. Davey★ R. G. Robertson Louis W. Adams★ H. William J. D. Jackson Luis de la Pena Silvan S. Schweber Lewis E Agnew Virginia Trimble★ William E. Keller★ Auerbach★ Robert F. Stewart★ Mercedes M. Agogino★ Alan D. Krisch★ David Devorkin Charles H. Townes Leif Anderson Ahrens★ Arlo U. Landolt★ Loyal Durand★ Jean-Francois S. Lawrence K. Akers James S. Langer Guy T. Emery★ Van Huele David E Alburger SPONSORS Harry Letaw William & Nancy E. Harold F. Webster Moorad Alexanian Robert Bennett Heinrich A. Medicus Evenson★ David J. Allard Russell J. Donnelly Hendrik J. Monkhorst Alexander L. Fetter Harvey A. Alperin Susan M. Fischer Dwight E. Michael E. Fisher Lawrence Alquist Kenneth W. Ford★ Neuenschwander Paul Forman MEMBERS Marion & Mitch Alsup◆ Esther M. Goudsmit Rex D. Pendley★ Herbert I. Fusfeld Koichi Abe E. Alyea★ Roderick M. Grant★ William M. Protheroe Theodore H. Geballe★ S. C. Abrahams★ Nils O. Andersen★ Wallace L. & Kristi Hall◆ Steven R. Riedhauser Neil Gehrels James Adams B. J. Anderson John L. Heilbron Gregory J. Ronan Donald Hagerman★ Brian J. Kiefer Keith Runge Gilmor S. Hamill ★ Andrew M. Sessler Shaun Hardy★ Thurston E. Manning James L. Smith★ Roger H. Hildebrand Lillian C McDermott Step O. Williamson Kenneth R. Hogstrom John B. Pegram★ Donald L. Wolf◆ Charles H. Holbrow Robert K. Rader Adrienne H. Wootters Judy C. Holoviak Gordon P. Riblet Eri Yagi★ Hans Keithley★ John S. & Diana W. Kern Kenyon Rigden ★ Theodore T. Wall★ Michael A. Kriss Spencer R. Weart★ ASSOCIATES Louis J. Lanzerotti L. T. Aldrich★ William J. Layton George F. Bing★ John H. Marburger★‡ Thomas L. Bohan Christopher H. COLLEAGUES Richard W. Benjamin★ Marshall Leo L. Beranek★ Robert C. Bless David K. McCarthy★ Lewis M. Branscomb William F. Brinkman Jonathan Mersel Marc H. Brodsky★ Frederick C. Brown James N. Murdock Edward K. Conklin★ John C. Browne★ Ralph Nagel◆ H. Frederick Dylla Edward L. Chupp Philip E. Nielsen★ Hans Frauenfelder★ John W. Cook★ Michael A. Ondrik Edwin R Fuller★ Charlotte Cranberg◆ John M. Palms ★ Nicole & Giff Crosby◆ Thomas A. Pauls Bernard Gottschalk Peter Cziffra★ William F. Pickard★ Nancy Greenspan★ Paul H. Daggett John S. Price Fred Whipple stands in front of a Baker super-Schmidt ★ ★ Bill Hassinger Eleanor C. Dahl Don D. Reeder meteor camera, ca. 1952. Credit: AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Warren Heckrotte★ Per F. Dahl‡ Randolph A. Reeder★ Archives. www.aip.org/history Summer 2012 | History Newsletter 19 Friends of the Center for History of Physics

Gordon W. Anderson Frederick D. Becchetti David Bodansky Andrew C. Campbell Alexander K. Dickison Lowell L. Anderson Stephen A. Becker Benjamin Boderson David K. Campbell Paul W. Dickson★ R. J. Anderson Fred Begay J D. Bohlin Jerrold L. Caplin Bruce R. Doe Howard Andrews Robert E Behringer★ Charles A. Bordner Bartley L. Cardon★ Allen C. Dotson Anonymous Leila A. Belkora Timothy H Boyer Cathryn L. Carson Richard G. Dower Anonymous Barbara Bell★ Richard C. Bradley Robert E Carter Richard J. Drachman Anonymous★ Robert F Benjamin Judith Braffman-Miller David C. Cassidy★ Philip Lewis Dreike★ Pedro E. Arce Eva Bergmann Donald W. Brill Diego J. Castano★ Leonard E Duda Michael W. Arenton Frederick & Eva E. Laurie M. Brown Joseph Cerny Michael D. Duncan Baxter H. Armstrong Bergmann Ronald A. Brown R. G. Chambers★ J Lawrence Dunlap Robert Arns Carl E. Bergsagel John C. Browne William H. Chambers F. N. Eddy Charles Atchley★ Margaret C. Berry◆ Stephen G. Brush★ Marvin Charton Edgar A. Edelsack Ivan P. Auer Rose Bethe William R Burdett Bongkee Cho Theodore L. Einstein★ Dewayne A. Backhus Joseph P. Bevak James H. Burgess Abdul L. Choudhury Richard M Elrick Brian G. Bagley M R. Bhat Patricia V. Burke Thomas M. Guy T. Emery R C. Bailey Earl F. Burkholder Christensen★ Jay M. Enoch Doran J. Baker Nancy Bigler◆ Nancy A. Burnham Kurt Christoffel Walter Eppenstein★ Gregory L. Baker Ignacio & Jennifer Ralph L. Burnham Eugene L. Church Dennis J. Erickson William A Bardeen Birriel Stephen H. Burns★ Brian O. Clark Fred T. Erskine★ Albert A. Bartlett★ Nirendra N. Biswas William T. Buttler Steven Clawson◆ Sandra M. Faber Ewa M. Basinska James D. Bjorken James D. Button Donald D. Clayton Steven R. Federman Sunanda Basu John C. Blackmore★ Warren E Byrne★ Richard T. Close★ Dick B. Feren Mara-Michelle Batlin◆ Nicolaas Joseph C. Cain John Cloud Joe L. Ferguson Gordon A. Baym Bloembergen★ David O. Caldwell James R. Clynch William Fickinger★ Irene A Beardsley John B. Blottman★ Harry S. Camarda Morrel H. Cohen Arvel L. Fincher★ James A. Cole Leonard W. Fine Jack H. Colwell★ Charlotte F. Fischer Robert C. Cook★ Alan S. Fisher Leon N Cooper Michael E. Fisher Brian J. Coppa Michael H. Fisher Hans Courant Philip C. Fisher★ Patrick Crane Robert C. Fleck Stephen Craxton★ John G. Fletcher★ Julian C. Cummings Myron H. Fliegel John R. Cunningham Allen Flora Philip Danielson John Fournelle Max F. Dannecker★ Kenneth Fowler★ Jan W. Dash W. B. Fowler Anne R. Davenport Gustave C. Fralick Luis de la Peña Albert J. Franco Auerbach Lawrence Frank Robert L. De Zafra Laurence W. Fredrick Derek Deas◆ Michael W. Friedlander John J. Degnan R. P. Frosch Kenneth G. Demers Wendy W. Fuller-Mora★ Jacques Denavit★ Stephen A. Fulling★ Samuel Denham Ronald V. Furia Samuel Derman★ Herbert I. Fusfeld Dolores C. Derrington Mary Katharine Gaillard Stanley Deser Mark R. Gander David Devorkin Donald F. Geesaman L–R: Michael Feast, Bernard Paget, Andrew Thackeray, Adriaan Wesselink at Radcliffe Robert DeZafra Neil Gehrels Observatory in Pretoria, South , June 1995. Credit: AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Joseph Di Rienzi Donald Gelman Archives, John Irwin Slide Collection.

20 History Newsletter | Summer 2012 www.aip.org/history Friends of the Center for History of Physics

Elizabeth A. George Alex Harvey Alice M. King★ Richard G. Leamon John L. McKnight Mihai R. Gherase Raymond W. Hasse Charles H. King Harvey & Ellen S. Leff★ Heinrich A. Medicus Ivar Giaever Jo N. Hays★ Paul I. Kingsbury Joel Leventhal Paul H E. Meijer Douglas C. Giancoli Jeffrey C. Hecht★ Miles V. Klein★ Garry Levman Ethan Merritt Peter Gilman Hamid Hedayatnasab Carl C Koch David A. Liberman★ Jonathan Mersel Owen Gingerich★ Alan J. Heeger Adrienne W. Kolb Elinor Lichtman★ Alexander J. Glass Otto Heinz Harwood G. Kolsky Kurt M. Liewer Horst Meyer Maurice Glicksman Leon Heller Rikio Konno★ Daniel Lister John Michel★ Robert P. Godwin★ Dennis C. Henry Victor Korenman★ Marvin M. Litvak★ Franklin Miller★ Joshua N. Goldberg George A Herbert Thomas A Koster Chelcie B. Liu Paul G. Miller Alfred S. Goldhaber William B. Bruce A. Kowert C. D. Livengood Thomas P. Moffat Terrence J. Goldman Herrmannsfeldt Raymond L. Kozub Lynda L. LoDestro Mark B. Moffett Albert Goldstein Thomas W. Hickmott Michael A. Kriss Peter N. Lombard Louis Monchick Bernard Goodman Art Hicks John Kronholm★ John H. Lowenstein Duncan T. Moore Gordon L. Goodman Roger H. Hildebrand Arlin J. Krueger Chris Lubicz-Nawrocki Kurt R. Moore Paul N. Goodwin Brant Hinrichs Marvin S. Kruger Gloria Lubkin Frederic R. Leon Gortler Lillian H. Hoddeson Lorenz A. Kull Thomas Lucatorto★ Morgenthaler Kurt Gottfried Marvin M. Hoffman Danielle M. David D. Lynch★ Robert A. Morse★ Harvey A. Gould Gerald Holton Kumpulanian Tim Lynch Steven A Moszkowski★ Hans P. Graf Arnold Honing Paul L. La Celle Richard H. Lyon Robin M. Mower Walter T. Grandy Rosamond Jeffrey Laba Peter Maas Eduardo R. Mucciolo Richard W. Granville Hooper-Hamersley Roger O. Ladle★ Maura J. Mackowski★ George P. Mueller★ M. N. Grasso★ Herbert L. Hoover★ Arno Laesecke Mark L. Maiello★ Mark R. Mueller Thomas Greenslade Henry P. Hotz Kenneth Lakin Robert H. March John S. Muenter John W. Griese★ Jong-Ping Hsu Vasudevan Jill Marshall James N. Murdock Alexander R. Grone★ John L. Hubisz Lakshminarayanan William C. Martin Mark Nagumo Leroy H. Gross Karl Hufbauer★ Muriel J. Landauer Vincent M. Martinek Theodore S. Needels Thomas H. Groves★ Howard Huff Neal F. Lane John V. Martonchik Anthony V. Nero William J. Gunning Russell A. Hulse Michel L. Lapidus Allan D. Matthias Neal D. Newby Rajendra Gupta Rusty Humphrey Adele Laporte Frederick J Mayer Richard J. Noer★ William C. Guss Jack H. Irving‡ James D. Larson John L. McClure Marilyn E. Noz Francis X. Haas Kazuyoshi Itoh★ Robert G. Lauttman★ Charles W. McCutchen Mary J. Nye Blanca L. Haendler★ Auzville Jackson A. C. Lawson Dorothy McGarry Tonis Oja Gerhard E. Hahne★ Marilyn E. Jacox★ Albert J. Lazzarini John A. McKinney Robert Olness Melvyn L. Halbert★ John A. Jaksich Bertrand I. Halperin Allen I. Janis Gilmor S. Hamill James S. Jarratt★ Douglas H. Hamilton S. M. Jarrett★ Joseph H. Hamilton Stephen N. Jasperson D. A. Hamlin★ David C. Johannsen★ Philip W. Hammer Hugh M. Johnson★ James E. Hammerberg★ Robert L Johnson Richard Hanau★ Kevin M. Jones Jorgen L. Hansen Lawrence W. Jones★ Harold P. Hanson Michael D. Jones★ Wesley H. Harker★ Richard R. Joyce Frank J. Harmon H. J. Juretschke★ Rodney E. Harrington J. K. Kalinowski Alan W. Harris Sammuel C. Kao Frederick A Harris Boris Kayser Lawson P. Harris Charles F. Kennel★ Melissa A. Harrison◆ Kern Kenyon Michael J. Harrison Daniel J. Kevles★ James B. Hartle Ray E. Kidder www.aip.org/history Summer 2012 | History Newsletter 21 Friends of the Center for History of Physics

Michael A. Ondrik Richard A. Robie Alan E. Shapiro Bertram Strieb Charlotte Ward William H. Orttung D. Keith & Margaret B. Yitzhak Y. Sharon★ Curtis J. Struck★ Robert T. Ward Fred B. Otto Robinson Joel F. Sherman Harry Stuckey★ Robert L. Warnock Geraint Owen★ Howard K. Rockstad Joseph C. Shields★ Roger H. Stuewer Everett M. Washer Lyman Alexander Page★ Alan Rogers Daniel M. Siegel★ Folden B. Stumpf★ George D. Watkins★ Ralph H. Page Edward John Rojek Henry J. Simon Dennis W. Sullivan Bill Weaver★ Chrys E. Papadopoulos Robert Rolewicz Jag J Singh Kathy Tally◆ J. Pierce Webb William Parker Ronald E. Roll★ Gary W. Sjolander Harvey D. Tananbaum Renata Weber Sol Gruner & Rosemarie Rolling Hills West Home F. L. Slick Frank R. Tangherlini Gary J. Weisel Parker Guardians Inc.◆ Marion Sloan Takao Tanikawa David O. Welch Norman Pearlman Nancy G. Roman★ Ronald K. Smeltzer★ J. Patrick Tatum★ Jeffrey Werdinger★ Robert W. Peelle Robert H Romer David L. Smith★ Howard S. Taylor William R. Wheeler Neil K. Perl William M Roquemore Eugene R. Smith Richard D. Taylor★ Stephen H. White Peter Pesic Kenneth L. Rose H. Vernon Smith Joe S. Tenn Ralph M. Wilcox Julia M. Phillips Carl Rosenfeld★ Lary R. Smith Dennis J. Teskey Donald Wilke William Phillips Robert A. Rosenstein Lewis P. Smith George Tessler★ Edgar M. Williams Jim Piccone◆ Christopher P. Ross Luther W. Smith★ David G. Thiessen★ James G. Williams David Pines Lawrence N. James L. Snelgrove David R. Thiessen Step O. Williamson Joseph B. Platt Rothenberg Arnold L. Snyder★ Robert J. Tokarz Jack Willis Michael Plett Lawrence G. Rubin Thomas M. Snyder★ Walter J Tomasch Brenda & Manfred Nelson Pole Roy Rubinstei★ Daniel I. Sober Chris Torrence Winnewisser★ Stephen W. Prata Mike Ruby★ Jorge O. Sofo George H. Trillingv Patrick Preslik Thomas E. Ruden★ Charles M. Alvin W. Trivelpiece Stanislaw Wlodek John K. Pribram Klaus Ruedenberg★ Sommerfield Benjamin M. Tsui Kurt Bernardo Wolf Derek L. Pursey Kenneth S. Rumstay Michele Sorensen◆ Blas P. Uberuaga Lincoln Wolfenstein Monroe S. Rabin★ Holly Russo Lee R. Sorrell William L. Unger Tony H.Wong Jack Rallo George J. Safford Cherrill M. Spencer Michael Vaughn James F. Woodward R. Ronald Rau Mansoor A. Saifi Grace M. Spruch★ Robin & Antoinette Paul P. Woskov Lanny Ray Akira Sakai★ Frieda A. Stahl★ Verdier★ Bradford L. Wright Albert J. Read Eric V. Sandin A. T. Stair Ronald J. Versic★ Carl I. Wunsch Joseph Reader David F. Savickas Robert W. Standley★ Patricia T. Viele N. C. Wyeth George Redlinger Roberta P. Saxon★ Walter A Stark Silvia L. Volker★ Konstantine Robert P. Redwine Robert Julius Anita L. Stejskal Thomas Von Foerster Ylahokostas Randolph A Reeder Schneider★ Richard D. Stenerson Stephan Von Molnar Glenn R. Young Mary B. Reeves Jack Schneps★ Richard B Stephens James P. Wade Clyde S. Zaidins★ Leonard Reiffel Neil C. Schoen Donald T. Stevenson★ Patricia R. Wakeling★ Thad Zaleskiewicz Douglas T. Reilly Brian B. Schwartz★ James R. Stevenson Walter D Wales Carl R. Zeisse William P. Reinhardt Jan V. Sengers Gordon E. Stewart★ K. C. Wali Walter B. Zimmerman Max L. Reuss Brian David Serot★ James H. Stith★ Michael S. Walker Kenneth M. Zinn John E. Rhoads Frederick D. Seward★ Ian E Stockdale Robert A. Walkling Paul W. Zitzewitz Stephen L. Richter J. H. Shafer David R. Stover Peter J. Wanderer★ John W. Zwart★ Paul E. Rider Wesley Shanholtzer Alan J. Strauss Robert L. Warasila Earl Zwicker

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22 History Newsletter | Summer 2012 www.aip.org/history

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History Newsletter A publication of the American Institute of Physics

STAFF MEMBERS This Newsletter is a biannual publication of the Center Gregory A. Good, Director, Center for History of Physics for History of Physics, American Institute of Physics, One R. Joseph Anderson, Director, Niels Bohr Library & Archives Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740; phone: 301-209- Stephanie Jankowski, Senior Administrative Secretary 3165; fax: 301-209-0882; e-mail: [email protected] or nbl@aip. Orville R. Butler, Historian org. Editor: Gregory A. Good. The Newsletter reports Ada Uzoma, Web Specialist activities of the Center for History of Physics and Niels Bohr Library & Archives, and other information on work Alex Wellerstein, Post-Doctoral Fellow in the history of physics and allied fields. Kim Hukill, Assistant Librarian Chip Calhoun, Technical Services Archivist Any opinions expressed herein do not necessarily rep- Melanie Brown, Archivist resent the views of the American Institute of Physics or Amanda Nelson, Associate Archivist its Member Societies. This Newsletter is available on Lindsey Fresta, Photo Librarian request without charge, but we welcome donations (tax- Barbara Allen, Senior Library Preservation Assistant deductible) to the Friends of the AIP Center for History Nancy Honeyford, Senior Library Assistant of Physics (www.aip.org/history/historymatters). The Mary Romanelli, Senior Photo Archives Assistant Newsletter is posted on the Web at http://www.aip.org/ Beth Emmerling, Digital Archives Assistant history/newsletter.

Center for History of Physics One Physics Ellipse College Park, MD 20740 301 209 3165 www.aip.org/history