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Gujarat State Highways Project Is Aimed at Widening and Strengtheninga Set of Economicallyfeasible State Highways

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GUJARATSTATE HIGHWAYSPROJECT SECTORAL Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 4 ~~E-22? ; ;|gE Y~~ol./ Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Project Co-ordinatingConsultancy Services A World Bank Project FINALReport-Volume 2A Preparedfor Public Disclosure Authorized N.D.Lea Intemational Ltd The Governmentof Gujarat in association witi Roadsand BuildingsDepartment Lea Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd April 1998 4j4_ Contents LAssec.r2e: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. PROJECTDESCRIPTION 3 2.1 Locationand Background 3 2.2Objectives 3 2.3 The SelectedProject Roads 4 2.4 Boundariesof Project 4 2.5 Time Periods 9 2.5.1Constuction Period 9 2.5.2 OperationalPeriod 9 3. SEAMETHODOLOGY 11 3.1 Selectionof Project Roads 11 3.2 Strip Map Data Collectionand Updating 11 3.3 Tabulation and Database Design 11 3.4 Natural Environment 11 3.4.1 AirQuality 12 3A.2Noise 13 3.4.3 WaterResources 14 3.4.4Flora, Fauna And Habitat 14 3.4.5 Soils - Minerals 15 3.5 SocialEnvironment 15 3.5.1 Socio-economicand DemographicProfile 15 3.5.2Socio-economic Profile 16 3.5.3 LandUse and Development 16 3.5.4 VulnerableGroups 17 3.6 CulturalHeritage 17 3.7 CommunityConsultation Programme 18 3.7.1 Approachand Timetable 18 3.7.2 Selectingthe Stakeholders 18 ;3.8Screening And The ScreeningMatrix 19 3.8.1 Introduction 19 3.8.2 IndicatorMatrix 20 3.8.3 Componentsof the Matrix 20 GujaratPCC Final Report-Volume 2A: SEA LeaAssociates 3.8.4 Assessmentof Impacts 21 3.8.5 Identificationof Hotspots 21 3.8.6 Criteriafor SensitivityIndex 21 4. INSTITUTIONALSETTING, LAWS AND ADMINISTRATION 23 4.1 Introduction 23 4.2 NaturalEnvironment 24 4.2.1 Laws,Regulations and InstitutionsResponsible 24 4.2.2Gaps And Deficiencies 27 43 SocialEnvironment Sector 27 4.3.1Laws, Regulations and InstitutionsResponsible 27 4.3.2Gaps and Deficiencies 28 4.4 Cultural Environment 29 4.4.1Laws, Regulations and Insofions Responsible 29 4.4.2Gaps andDeficiencies 29 5. COMMUNITYCONSULTATION PROGRAMME 31 5.1 Introduction 31 5.2 The Community ConsultationProgramme 31 5.3 Task Force Role and Project Commitments 33 5.4 NonGovernmental Organisations 33 6. EXISTINGCONDITIONS 35 6.1 Introduction 35 6.2 NaturalEnvironment 35 6.2.1 Climate(Wind, Temperature and Rainall) 36 6.2.2 Air Quality 39 6.2.3Noise 42 62.4 WaterResources 45 62.5 Minerals 47 6.2.6Flora 51 6.2.7 Fauna 53 6.3 SocialEnvironment 54 6.3.1 Introduction 54 6.32 DemographicProfile ofthe Districts 55 6.3.3 Socio-economicProfile of Districts 60 63.4 VulnerableGroups 65 6.3.5Land-use and Development 69 6.3.6 Archaeologicaland CulturalProperty 69 . Contents 7. ENVIRONMENTALINDICATORS AND IMPACTS 75 7.1 Introduction 75 7.2 NaturalEnvironment 75 7.2.1Air Quality 75 722 Noise 82 72.3 WaterResource Quantity and Quality 84 7.3 Impacts Due to Operation 91 7.3.1 Contaminationby Fuel,Lubricants and AccidentalSpills 91 7.32 Interferencewith StormWater Runoff 91 7.3.3 MineralResources 91 7.3.4 Flora 92 7.3.5 Fauna 95 7.4 Social andCultural Environment 95 7.4.1 Introduction 95 7.42 HumanSettlements 96 7.4.3People 100 7.4.4Commnunity Assets 102 7.4.5 LandAcquisition 102 7.4.6 SensitiveCommunity Facilities 104 7A.7 Archaeologicaland CulturalProperty 105 7.4.8Vulnerable Groups 106 7.5 CumulativeImpacts 108 7.5.1 AirQualityandNoise 109 7.52 Lossof Treeswithin the RoW 109 7.53 InducedDevelopment 109 7.6 EA ScreeningProcess: Categorisation of Corridors 109 7.6.1 IndicatorWeighting /Inportance Value Matrix 109 7.62 Assessmentof OverallImpact for the Corridors 109 7.6.3Categorisation of Corridors 110 7.6.4 Summaryof EnvironmentalScreening Results 116 8. ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN-MITIGATION ANDMONITORING 119 8.1 Introduction 119 8.2 NaturalEnvironment 119 82.1 AirQualityandNoise 119 822 WaterResources 122 82.3 MineralResources 124 82.4 Flora 125 82.5 Fauna 127 8.2.6 EstimatedCost of lInplementingthe EMAP 127 833Social and Cultural Environment 128 8.3.1 Introduction 128 8.32 Mitigationof Impactson HumanSettlements 128 iii Gujarat PCC Final Report-Volume 2A: SEA LeaAssccawtes 8.3.3People 129 8.3.4 Inpacts onCommnunity Facilities 130 8.3.5Archaeological and CulhualProperty 130 8.3.6 VulnerableGroups 132 8.4 EnvironmentalManagement Action Plan 132 8.5 ResettlementPlanning Guidelines 133 8.6 Community ConsultationGuidelines 142 9. RESETTLEMENTACTION PLAN 143 9.1 Introduction 143 9.2 Policy,Objectives and Principles 143 9.3 Project Descriptionand Planning 144 93.1 The Boundaries 144 93.2 Measurestaken to Mhinise Resettlement 145 933 Responsibility 146 9.4 Entitlement,Compensation and Assistance 146 9.4.1 Entitlementsfor Project-affectedHouseholds (PAHs) 146 9A42Entitlements for Project-affectedPeople (PAPs) 149 9.4.3 Entitlementsfor Project-affectedGroups (PAGs) 150 9.5 Gujarat's CompensationPackage 150 9.6 The EntitlementPolicy 151 9.7 Definitions 152 9.8 Entitlements 154 9.8.1 Loss of PrivateProperty 154 9.8.2 Loss of Livelihood,Crops and Shelter 158 9.8.3 Effectson Communitiesand Groups 161 9.8A RelocationAssistance and TernporaryAccommodation 163 9.9 Host Communities 163 9.10Taxes and GovernnfentFees 163 9.11Temporary Construction-RelatedImpacts 163 9.12Guidelines for Socio-EconomicSurveys and Census of EPs 164 9.12.1 Objectivesand Boundariesof the Censusof PAPsand the Socio-EconomicSurveyl64 9.12.2Undertaking the Surveys 165 9.123 The ProjectAffected People (PAPs) 165 9.12.4 FurtherCensus and SurveyResponsibility 166 9.12.5Description of ConsultationProgramme 166 9.12.6 Explainingthe RAP,Defining Entitlement and Verification 166 9.13 The GrievanceProcedure 168 iv Contents SaAsocinte: 9.14 Guidelinesfor Resettlementof PAPs 169 9.14.1 LandMarket Value Assessnent 169 9.14.2Availability of Land 170 9.143 Identificationof PotentialResetdement Sites 170 9.14.4Profile of HostCommunities 171 9.14.5Physical Development Plan 171 9.14.6Demolition/Construction of Structure 171 9.14.7Moving Arrangements 171 9.14.8Provision of BasicAmenities 172 9.14.9Income Generation and Training 172 9.15Guidelines for Implementationand Schedule 172 9.15.1 ImplementationProcedure 173 9.152 Timingof LegalPossession of Land andEviction Notice 174 9.15.3Timing ofResettlement 176 9.16Organisational Framework 176 9.16.1The EnvironmentalManagementUnit (EMU) 176 9.162 ImplementationResponsibility 176 9.16.3Development Plan and Training 176 9.16.4Involvement ofNGO 177 9.17Resettlement Budget 178 9.17.1 Estimateof Unit Costs 178 9.172 TotalCosts of Resettlernent 181 9.18Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting 181 9.18.1Intrduction 181 9.182 Indicatorsfor Monitoring 183 9.18.3Reporting Anangements 183 10. INSTITUTIONALCAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING 185 10.1 Introduction 185 10.2The Road andBuilding Department's Organisation 185 :10.3Gaps and Deficiencies 185 10.4Strengthening the Organisation 186 10A. I A Frameworkfor The EnvironmentalManagement Unit 186 10.42 Targetsand Tasks of the EMU 189 105 EMU Models 190 10.5.1Model I: An EMUwithin the R&BD 190 10.52 Modelll: The EMUExtenalto R&BD 191 10.5.3EMU Model m: EMU StaffedByAn OutsideConsultant 192 10.5.4Comparison of ThreeEMU ModelOptions 193 10.6Needed Human Resources and TrainingPlan 194 10.6.1Additional Human Resources 194 10.62 The SelectedEMU Model(alrady established) 195 10.6.3Training of ExistingR&BD Staff 195 v Gujarat PCC Final Report-Volume 2A: SEA LeaAuociates 10.7Estimated Budget 196 10.8Implementation at the Local Level 196 11. ENHANCEMENTOPPORTUNITIES AND ROADSIDE REHABILITATIONPLAN 199 11.1ENHANCEMENT OPPORTUNITIES 199 11.1.1NaturalEnvironment 199 11.1 2 SocialEnvironment 199 11.2Roadside Rehabilittion Plan 199 112.1 BorrowPits/Drainage Ditches Within Row 200 1122 Erosioncaused by SlopeInstability 200 12. REFERENCES 201 APPENDICES APPENDIX1: PARAMETERSUSED FOR IMPACT IDENTIFICATION ALONGTHE PROJECT CORRIDORS 209 APPENDIX2: LISTOF INTER-AGENCYCONTACTS 213 APPENDIX3: ENVIRONMENTALINDICATOR WEIGHTING MATRIX 217 APPENDIX4: NGOMATRIX 219 APPENDIX5: EXAMPLEOF DATASHEET ON NGOIGOVERNMENTAGENCYINTERVIEWS 223 APPENDIX6: EXAMPLEOF A CORRIDORPROFILE 225 APPENDIX7: INVENTORYOF QUARRIES USED FOR ROAD CONSTRUCTIONALONG THE CORRIDORS 227 APPENDIX8: CORRIDORIMPACT IDENTIFICATION- INDICATORVALUES 231 APPENDIX9: CORRIDORIMPACT IDENTIFICATION- IMPORTANCEVALUES 233 APPENDIX10: INTEGRATEDFORESTRY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT-PLANTATIONMODELS Si ANDS2 235 APPENDIX11: ENTITLEMENTPHOTO ID CARD 239 APPENDIX12: NGOTERMS OF REFERENCE 241 vi Figures FIGURES FIGURE2.1: PROJECTCORRiDORS 5 FIGURE 22: DESIGNCROSS SECTION FOR2 LANE RURALHIGHWAY(80-100 KM/HRDESIGN SPEED)SHOWING THE CORRIDOR OF lMPACr(COI) 8 FIGURE3. 1: SUGGESTEDORGANISAnONAL STRUCTURE FOR PROJECTLEVEL CONSULTATION PROGRAMME 19 FIGURE 6.1: RIVER BASINS,ANNUAL RANFALL ANDROAD CORRIDORS 37 FIGURE62: LocATIONSOF AIR ANDNOISE SAMPLINGSTATIONS, DEMOGRAPHY ANDROAD CORRIDOR 43 FIGURE 6.3: EISTING EROSIONPROBLEMS IN THE FORMOF GULLYINGARE FOUNDNEAR CULvERTSAND BRIDGES IN THEvICINTY OF RIVERVALLEYS. (CORRIDOR 06, KM 17, EAST OFAHMEDABAD) 48 FIGURE6.4: SOIL TYPESAND ROADCORRIDORS 49 FIGURE6.5: MANY TREEPLANTAnONS ARE FOUND wIHIN THERoW WHCHWERE PLANTEDBY THE SOCIALFORESTRY DEPARTMENT. SHOWN HERE IS A DENSEPLANTATION OF SMALL TREESON CORRIDOR03 NEARMEHSANA. 53 FIGURE6.6: PROTECTEDAREAS ANDROAD CORRIDORS 57 FIGURE 6.7: DEMOGRAPHICPROFILE OF TOTAL POPULAnON 61 FIGURE6.8: TRIBALAREAS,CULTURAL PROPERTIES AND ROAD CORRIDORs 67 FIGURE6.9: DEMOGRAPHICPROFILE OF VULNERABLE GROUPS (SCHEDULED TRIBES) 68 FIGURE6. 10: DEMOGRAPH1CPROFILE OF VULNERABLEGROUPS (SCHEDULEDCASTES 7 1 FIGURE6.1 1: LAND USE ANDROAD CORRIDORS 72 FIGURE7.1: ROCKCRUSHING OPERATIONS CONImBUrE SUBSTANTIAL AMOUNTS OF DUSTTO
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    ‘A Study of Tourism in Gujarat: A Geographical Perspective” CHAPTER-2 GEOGRAPHICAL PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA ‘A Study of Tourism in Gujarat: A Geographical Perspective’ 2.1 GUJARAT : AN INTRODUCTION Gujarat has a long historical and cultural tradition dating back to the days of the Harappan civilization established by relics found at Lothal(Figure-1).It is also called as the “Jewel of the West”, is the westernmost state of India(Figure-2). The name “Gujarat” itself suggests that it is the land of Gurjars, which derives its name from ‘Gujaratta’ or ‘Gujaratra’ that is the land protected by or ruled by Gurjars. Gurjars were a migrant tribe who came to India in the wake of the invading Huna’s in the 5th century. The History of Gujarat dates back to 2000 BC. Some derive it from ‘Gurjar-Rashtra’ that is the country inhabited by Gurjars. Al-Beruni has referred to this region as ‘Gujratt’. According to N.B. Divetia the original name of the state was Gujarat & the above- mentioned name are the Prakrit& Sanskrit forms respectively. The name GUJARAT, which is formed by adding suffix ‘AT’ to the word ‘Gurjar’ as in the case of Vakilat etc. There are many opinions regarding the arrivals of Gurjars, two of them are, according to an old clan, they inhabited the area during the Mahabharat period and another opined that they belonged to Central Asia and came to India during the first century. The Gurjars passed through the Punjab and settled in some parts of Western India, which came to be known as Gujarat.Gujarat was also inhabited by the citizens of the Indus Valley and Harappan civilizations.
  • Territoires Supprimés De La Liste Des Territoires Infectés Entre Les 8 Et 15 Septembre 1966 Areas Removed from the Infected Area List Between 8 and 15 September 1966

    Territoires Supprimés De La Liste Des Territoires Infectés Entre Les 8 Et 15 Septembre 1966 Areas Removed from the Infected Area List Between 8 and 15 September 1966

    — 488 — Mathura, District. ■ 1.1 Sumatera-Selatan, Province Sargodha, Division Amérique — America Meerut, District .... ■ 8.1.62 Ogan Komering Hir, Jhang, D istrict............... B 30.VII BOLIVIE — BOLIVIA Mirzapur, District. ■ 1S.I Regency....................... ■ i.vn.61 Lyallpur, District (excl. Moradabad, District. ■ 2.IV Palembang, Regency . ■ 1.VH.61 Lyallpur (A ))................ B 21.V Cochabamba, Dep. B 24.VII.6i Muzaffamagar, District . ■ 20.XI.65 Palembang, Municipality. ■ i.vn.6i Sargodha, District (excl. Carrasco, Province . B 1.V.65 Nainital, District .... ■ 18.XU.6S Sargodha (A)) .... B 18. VI Pilibhit, District .... ■ 23.IV La Paz, D ep..... B 4.1X61 Pithoragarh, District . » i2.m Camacho, Province . B14.Vffl,6i Pratapgarh, District . ■ 21.V NÉPAL — NEPAL (excl. Los Andes, Province . B 20.IH.65 Rae Bareli, District . ■ 13.11 Biratnagar (A) & Kat­ YEMEN Omasuyos, Province . B14.Vffl.6S mandu ( A ) ) ................ b n .r v Rampur, District .... ■ 23.VH B 16.1.63 Saharanpur, District . ■ 5.XU.64 Biratnagar ( A ) ............... B 1UV Hodeida ( P A ) ................ Katmandu ( A ) ................ ■ 22.V.63 ÉQUATEUR — ECUADOR Sultanpur, District . « 13X11.65 Hodeida, Province Tehri Garhwal, District . ■ 21.V Azuay, Province Unnao, District .... ■ 29.1 A b s e ............................... B I4.I.63 Cuenca, Canton .... B 2.W PAKISTAN Canar, Province West Bengal, State Sana, Prov. (Northern Sector of) Chaîna (P )....................... A 3.IX H a y m a ........................... B 9.VH.64 Biblian, Canton .... b 6.vni Bankura, District .... ■ 20.XI.65 Karachi (PA) (excl. A) . B 30.v n Burdwan, District . ■ 15.V.65 Lahore ( A ) ................... A 27.v m PÉROU — PERU Cooch Behar, District . ■ 7.IV Peshawar ( A ) ..............