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The Role of Nanobiosensors in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Journal of Personalized Medicine Review Personalized Medicine for Antibiotics: The Role of Nanobiosensors in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Vivian Garzón 1, Rosa-Helena Bustos 2 and Daniel G. Pinacho 2,* 1 PhD Biosciences Program, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia; [email protected] 2 Therapeutical Evidence Group, Clinical Pharmacology, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +57-1-8615555 (ext. 23309) Received: 21 August 2020; Accepted: 7 September 2020; Published: 25 September 2020 Abstract: Due to the high bacterial resistance to antibiotics (AB), it has become necessary to adjust the dose aimed at personalized medicine by means of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). TDM is a fundamental tool for measuring the concentration of drugs that have a limited or highly toxic dose in different body fluids, such as blood, plasma, serum, and urine, among others. Using different techniques that allow for the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) analysis of the drug, TDM can reduce the risks inherent in treatment. Among these techniques, nanotechnology focused on biosensors, which are relevant due to their versatility, sensitivity, specificity, and low cost. They provide results in real time, using an element for biological recognition coupled to a signal transducer. This review describes recent advances in the quantification of AB using biosensors with a focus on TDM as a fundamental aspect of personalized medicine. Keywords: biosensors; therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), antibiotic; personalized medicine 1. Introduction The discovery of antibiotics (AB) ushered in a new era of progress in controlling bacterial infections in human health, agriculture, and livestock [1] However, the use of AB has been challenged due to the appearance of multi-resistant bacteria (MDR), which have increased significantly in recent years due to AB mismanagement and have become a global public health problem [2]. -
Oral Presentations September 23Rd - Rooms 1,2 and 3
Oral Presentations September 23rd - Rooms 1,2 and 3 Presentation Date Abstract Authors Presenter´s name - Theme Title Code indicated by the author 18498 Thomas Smits; Femke Gresnigt; Thomas Smits Clinical Toxicology/drugs of PERFORMANCE OF AN IMMUNOASSAY Eric Franssen; Milly Attema-de abuse METHOD FOR GAMMA-HYDROXYBUTYRIC Jonge ACID (GHB) IN PATIENTS PRESENTED AT THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT, A PROSPECTIVE STUDY 18499 Thomas Smits; Femke Gresnigt; Thomas Smits Clinical Toxicology/drugs of DO WE NEED POINT-OF-CARE TESTING OF Milly Attema-de Jonge; Eric abuse GAMMA-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID (GHB) AT Fransse THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT? September 23 18730 Lilian H.J. Richter; Julia Menges; Lea Wagmann Clinical Toxicology/drugs of NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES: Lea Wagmann; Simon D. Brandt; abuse METABOLIC FATE, ISOZYME-MAPPING, 13:30 - 14:45 Folker Westphal; Veit Flockerzi; AND PLASMA PROTEIN BINDING OF 5-APB- ROOM 1 Markus R. Meyer NBOME, 2C-B-FLY-NB2ETO5CL, AND 2C-B- FLY-NBOME 18985 Annelies Cannaert; Marie Annelies Cannaert Clinical Toxicology/drugs of HIDE AND SEEK: OVERCOMING THE Deventer; Melissa Fogarty; abuse MASKING EFFECT OF OPIOID Amanda L.A. Mohr; Christophe P. ANTAGONISTS IN ACTIVITY-BASED Stove SCREENING TESTS 18740 Souleiman El Balkhi ; Roland Souleiman El Balkhi Clinical Toxicology/drugs of METABOLIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN Lawson; Franck Saint-Marcoux abuse OXYCODONE, BENZODIAZEPINES OR DESIGNER BENZODIAZEPINES PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN OXYCODONE INTOXICATIONS 19050 Brenda de Winter F de Velde; MN Brenda de Winter Anti-infective drugs POPULATION -
FDA-Approved Drugs with Potent in Vitro Antiviral Activity Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
pharmaceuticals Article FDA-Approved Drugs with Potent In Vitro Antiviral Activity against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 1, , 1, 2 1 Ahmed Mostafa * y , Ahmed Kandeil y , Yaseen A. M. M. Elshaier , Omnia Kutkat , Yassmin Moatasim 1, Adel A. Rashad 3 , Mahmoud Shehata 1 , Mokhtar R. Gomaa 1, Noura Mahrous 1, Sara H. Mahmoud 1, Mohamed GabAllah 1, Hisham Abbas 4 , Ahmed El Taweel 1, Ahmed E. Kayed 1, Mina Nabil Kamel 1, Mohamed El Sayes 1, Dina B. Mahmoud 5 , Rabeh El-Shesheny 1 , Ghazi Kayali 6,7,* and Mohamed A. Ali 1,* 1 Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt; [email protected] (A.K.); [email protected] (O.K.); [email protected] (Y.M.); [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (M.R.G.); [email protected] (N.M.); [email protected] (S.H.M.); [email protected] (M.G.); [email protected] (A.E.T.); [email protected] (A.E.K.); [email protected] (M.N.K.); [email protected] (M.E.S.); [email protected] (R.E.-S.) 2 Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menoufia 32897, Egypt; [email protected] 3 Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; [email protected] 4 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; [email protected] 5 Pharmaceutics Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza 12654, Egypt; [email protected] 6 Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA 7 Human Link, Baabda 1109, Lebanon * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.M.); [email protected] (G.K.); [email protected] (M.A.A.) Contributed equally to this work. -
National Antibiotic Consumption for Human Use in Sierra Leone (2017–2019): a Cross-Sectional Study
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Article National Antibiotic Consumption for Human Use in Sierra Leone (2017–2019): A Cross-Sectional Study Joseph Sam Kanu 1,2,* , Mohammed Khogali 3, Katrina Hann 4 , Wenjing Tao 5, Shuwary Barlatt 6,7, James Komeh 6, Joy Johnson 6, Mohamed Sesay 6, Mohamed Alex Vandi 8, Hannock Tweya 9, Collins Timire 10, Onome Thomas Abiri 6,11 , Fawzi Thomas 6, Ahmed Sankoh-Hughes 12, Bailah Molleh 4, Anna Maruta 13 and Anthony D. Harries 10,14 1 National Disease Surveillance Programme, Sierra Leone National Public Health Emergency Operations Centre, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Cockerill, Wilkinson Road, Freetown, Sierra Leone 2 Department of Community Health, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone 3 Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; [email protected] 4 Sustainable Health Systems, Freetown, Sierra Leone; [email protected] (K.H.); [email protected] (B.M.) 5 Unit for Antibiotics and Infection Control, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Folkhalsomyndigheten, SE-171 82 Stockholm, Sweden; [email protected] 6 Pharmacy Board of Sierra Leone, Central Medical Stores, New England Ville, Freetown, Sierra Leone; [email protected] (S.B.); [email protected] (J.K.); [email protected] (J.J.); [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (O.T.A.); [email protected] (F.T.) Citation: Kanu, J.S.; Khogali, M.; 7 Department of Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hann, K.; Tao, W.; Barlatt, S.; Komeh, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown 0000, Sierra Leone 8 J.; Johnson, J.; Sesay, M.; Vandi, M.A.; Directorate of Health Security & Emergencies, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Sierra Leone National Tweya, H.; et al. -
Folic Acid Antagonists: Antimicrobial and Immunomodulating Mechanisms and Applications
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Folic Acid Antagonists: Antimicrobial and Immunomodulating Mechanisms and Applications Daniel Fernández-Villa 1, Maria Rosa Aguilar 1,2 and Luis Rojo 1,2,* 1 Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] (D.F.-V.); [email protected] (M.R.A.) 2 Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, 28029 Madrid, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-915-622-900 Received: 18 September 2019; Accepted: 7 October 2019; Published: 9 October 2019 Abstract: Bacterial, protozoan and other microbial infections share an accelerated metabolic rate. In order to ensure a proper functioning of cell replication and proteins and nucleic acids synthesis processes, folate metabolism rate is also increased in these cases. For this reason, folic acid antagonists have been used since their discovery to treat different kinds of microbial infections, taking advantage of this metabolic difference when compared with human cells. However, resistances to these compounds have emerged since then and only combined therapies are currently used in clinic. In addition, some of these compounds have been found to have an immunomodulatory behavior that allows clinicians using them as anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive drugs. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide an updated state-of-the-art on the use of antifolates as antibacterial and immunomodulating agents in the clinical setting, as well as to present their action mechanisms and currently investigated biomedical applications. Keywords: folic acid antagonists; antifolates; antibiotics; antibacterials; immunomodulation; sulfonamides; antimalarial 1. -
Novel Antimicrobial Agents Inhibiting Lipid II Incorporation Into Peptidoglycan Essay MBB
27 -7-2019 Novel antimicrobial agents inhibiting lipid II incorporation into peptidoglycan Essay MBB Mark Nijland S3265978 Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Dirk-Jan Scheffers Molecular Microbiology University of Groningen Content Abstract..............................................................................................................................................2 1.0 Peptidoglycan biosynthesis of bacteria ........................................................................................3 2.0 Novel antimicrobial agents ...........................................................................................................4 2.1 Teixobactin ...............................................................................................................................4 2.2 tridecaptin A1............................................................................................................................7 2.3 Malacidins ................................................................................................................................8 2.4 Humimycins ..............................................................................................................................9 2.5 LysM ........................................................................................................................................ 10 3.0 Concluding remarks .................................................................................................................... 11 4.0 references ................................................................................................................................. -
Brilacidin First-In-Class Defensin-Mimetic Drug Candidate
Brilacidin First-in-Class Defensin-Mimetic Drug Candidate Mechanism of Action, Pre/Clinical Data and Academic Literature Supporting the Development of Brilacidin as a Potential Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Treatment April 20, 2020 Page # I. Brilacidin: Background Information 2 II. Brilacidin: Two Primary Mechanisms of Action 3 Membrane Disruption 4 Immunomodulatory 7 III. Brilacidin: Several Complementary Ways of Targeting COVID-19 10 Antiviral (anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity) 11 Immuno/Anti-Inflammatory 13 Antimicrobial 16 IV. Brilacidin: COVID-19 Clinical Development Pathways 18 Drug 18 Vaccine 20 Next Steps 24 V. Brilacidin: Phase 2 Clinical Trial Data in Other Indications 25 VI. AMPs/Defensins (Mimetics): Antiviral Properties 30 VII. AMPs/Defensins (Mimetics): Anti-Coronavirus Potential 33 VIII. The Broader Context: Characteristics of the COVID-19 Pandemic 36 Innovation Pharmaceuticals 301 Edgewater Place, Ste 100 Wakefield, MA 01880 978.921.4125 [email protected] Innovation Pharmaceuticals: Mechanism of Action, Pre/Clinical Data and Academic Literature Supporting the Development of Brilacidin as a Potential Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Treatment (April 20, 2020) Page 1 of 45 I. Brilacidin: Background Information Brilacidin (PMX-30063) is Innovation Pharmaceutical’s lead Host Defense Protein (HDP)/Defensin-Mimetic drug candidate targeting SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. Laboratory testing conducted at a U.S.-based Regional Biocontainment Laboratory (RBL) supports Brilacidin’s antiviral activity in directly inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 in cell-based assays. Additional pre-clinical and clinical data support Brilacidin’s therapeutic potential to inhibit the production of IL-6, IL-1, TNF- and other pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (e.g., MCP-1), identified as central drivers in the worsening prognoses of COVID-19 patients. -
A TWO-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS of ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS with 5PSQ-031 FLUOROQUINOLONE and QUINOLONE ANTIBIOTICS 24Th Congress Of
A TWO-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS WITH 5PSQ-031 FLUOROQUINOLONE AND QUINOLONE ANTIBIOTICS 24th Congress of V. Borsi1, M. Del Lungo2, L. Giovannetti1, M.G. Lai1, M. Parrilli1 1 Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Pharmacovigilance Centre, Florence, Italy 2 Dept. of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), 27-29 March 2019 Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Florence, Italy BACKGROUND PURPOSE On 9 February 2017, the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC) initiated a review1 of disabling To review the adverse drugs and potentially long-lasting side effects reported with systemic and inhaled quinolone and fluoroquinolone reactions (ADRs) of antibiotics at the request of the German medicines authority (BfArM) following reports of long-lasting side effects systemic and inhaled in the national safety database and the published literature. fluoroquinolone and quinolone antibiotics that MATERIAL AND METHODS involved peripheral and central nervous system, Retrospective analysis of ADRs reported in our APVD involving ciprofloxacin, flumequine, levofloxacin, tendons, muscles and joints lomefloxacin, moxifloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, prulifloxacin, rufloxacin, cinoxacin, nalidixic acid, reported from our pipemidic given systemically (by mouth or injection). The period considered is September 2016 to September Pharmacovigilance 2018. Department (PVD). RESULTS 22 ADRs were reported in our PVD involving fluoroquinolone and quinolone antibiotics in the period considered and that affected peripheral or central nervous system, tendons, muscles and joints. The mean patient age was 67,3 years (range: 17-92 years). 63,7% of the ADRs reported were serious, of which 22,7% caused hospitalization and 4,5% caused persistent/severe disability. 81,8% of the ADRs were reported by a healthcare professional (physician, pharmacist or other) and 18,2% by patient or a non-healthcare professional. -
Photodegradation Assessment of Ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin
Hubicka et al. Chemistry Central Journal 2013, 7:133 http://journal.chemistrycentral.com/content/7/1/133 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Photodegradation assessment of ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin in the presence of excipients from tablets by UPLC-MS/MS and DSC Urszula Hubicka1*, PawełŻmudzki2, Przemysław Talik1, Barbara Żuromska-Witek1 and Jan Krzek1 Abstract Background: Ciprofloxacin (CIP), moxifloxacin (MOX), norfloxacin (NOR) and ofloxacin (OFL), are the antibacterial synthetic drugs, belonging to the fluoroquinolones group. Fluoroquinolones are compounds susceptible to photodegradation process, which may lead to reduction of their antibacterial activity and to induce phototoxicity as a side effect. This paper describes a simple, sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of CIP, MOX, NOR and OFL in the presence of photodegradation products. Results: Chromatographic separations were carried out using the Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column; (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm particle size). The column was maintained at 40°C, and the following gradient was used: 0 min, 95% of eluent A and 5% of eluent B; 10 min, 0% of eluent A and 100% of eluent B, at a flow rate of 0.3 mL min-1. Eluent A: 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water; eluent B: 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in acetonitrile. The method was validated and all the validation parameters were in the ranges acceptable by the guidelines for analytical method validation. The photodegradation of examined fluoroquinolones in solid phase in the presence of excipients followed kinetic of the first order reaction and depended upon the type of analyzed drugs and coexisting substances. -
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Options
Sexually transmitted disease (STD) treatment options PREFERRED & ALTERNATIVE OPTIONS Many clinical partners are operating in a limited capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Below are preferred (in clinic or other location where injections can be given) and alternative (when only oral medicines are available 1) treatments for STDs. Syndrome Preferred Treatments Alternative Treatments Follow-up Male urethritis syndrome Ceftriaxone 250mg intramuscular (IM) x 1 PLUS Men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women2: Patients should be counseled to azithromycin 1g PO x 1 Cefixime 800 mg PO x 1 PLUS doxycycline 100 mg PO BID x 7 days be tested for STDs once clinical Presumptively treating: care is resumed in the local If azithromycin is not available: doxycycline 100 Men who have sex with women only: gonorrhea clinics. Clients who have been mg PO BID for 7 days (except in pregnancy3) Cefixime 800mg PO x 1 PLUS azithromycin 1g PO x 1 referred for oral treatment If cephalosporin allergy5 is reported, gentamicin If cefixime is unavailable, substitute cefpodoxime 400mg PO q12h should return for 240mg IM x 1 PLUS azithromycin 2g PO x 1 x 2 for cefixime in above regimens4 comprehensive testing and screening and linked to services If oral cephalosporin not available or history of cephalosporin at that time. allergy5: azithromycin 2g PO x 1 If azithromycin is not available: doxycycline 100 mg PO BID for 7 days (except in pregnancy3) Patients should be advised to abstain from sex for 7 days Treatment typically guided by examination and For presumptive therapy when examination and laboratory following completion of Vaginal discharge syndrome treatment. -
Swedres-Svarm 2010
SVARM|2010 Swedish Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Content Swedish Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring 2010 Preface .............................................................................................3 Guidance for readers ........................................................................4 Editors Summary ..........................................................................................5 Björn Bengtsson, Helle Ericsson Unnerstad, Sammanfattning...............................................................................7 Christina Greko, Ulrika Grönlund Andersson and Annica Landén Use of antimicrobials .......................................................................9 Department of Animal Health and Zoonotic bacteria ...........................................................................14 Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Salmonella ...................................................................................14 Institute (SVA) SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden Campylobacter .............................................................................18 Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ....................19 Authors Highlight: Escherichia coli with ESBL - or transferrable Björn Bengtsson, Helle Ericsson Unnerstad, AmpC-type resistance in broilers .............................................22 Christina Greko, Ulrika Grönlund Andersson and Annica Landén Indicator bacteria ...........................................................................24 -
Nitroaromatic Antibiotics As Nitrogen Oxide Sources
Review biomolecules Nitroaromatic Antibiotics as Nitrogen Oxide Sources Review Allison M. Rice, Yueming Long and S. Bruce King * Nitroaromatic Antibiotics as Nitrogen Oxide Sources Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; Allison M. Rice , Yueming [email protected] and S. Bruce (A.M.R.); King [email protected] * (Y.L.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-336-702-1954 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; [email protected]: Nitroaromatic (A.M.R.); [email protected] antibiotics (Y.L.) show activity against anaerobic bacteria and parasites, finding * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-336-702-1954 use in the treatment of Heliobacter pylori infections, tuberculosis, trichomoniasis, human African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease and leishmaniasis. Despite this activity and a clear need for the Abstract: Nitroaromatic antibiotics show activity against anaerobic bacteria and parasites, finding usedevelopment in the treatment of new of Heliobacter treatments pylori forinfections, these conditio tuberculosis,ns, the trichomoniasis, associated toxicity human Africanand lack of clear trypanosomiasis,mechanisms of action Chagas have disease limited and their leishmaniasis. therapeutic Despite development. this activity Nitroaro and a clearmatic need antibiotics for require thereductive development bioactivation of new treatments for activity for theseand this conditions, reductive the associatedmetabolism toxicity can convert