URINARY SYSTEM DISEASES AND DISORDERS

BERRYHILL & CASHION HS1 2017-2018

- CYSTITIS OF THE BLADDER CAUSE=PATHOGENS ENTERING THE URINARY MEATUS CYSTITIS

• MORE COMMON IN FEMALES DUE TO SHORT • SYMPTOMS=FREQUENT , , LOWER BACK PAIN, BLADDER , • TREATMENT=ANTIBIOTICS, INCREASE FLUID INTAKE

• AKA • INFLAMMATION OF THE GLOMERULUS • CAN BE ACUTE OR CHRONIC ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

• USUALLY FOLLOWS A STREPTOCOCCAL LIKE STREP THROAT, SCARLET FEVER, RHEUMATIC FEVER • SYMPTOMS=CHILLS, FEVER, , EDEMA, , HEMATURIA, ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

• TREATMENT=REST, SALT RESTRICTION, MAINTAIN FLUID & ELECTROLYTE BALANCE, ANTIPYRETICS, DIURETICS, ANTIBIOTICS • WITH TREATMENT, FUNCTION IS USUALLY RESTORED, & PROGNOSIS IS GOOD

CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

• REPEATED CASES OF ACUTE NEPHRITIS CAN CAUSE CHRONIC NEPHRITIS • PROGRESSIVE, CAUSES SCARRING & SCLEROSING OF GLOMERULI • EARLY SYMPTOMS=HEMATURIA, ALBUMINURIA, HTN • WITH DISEASE PROGRESSION MORE GLOMERULI ARE DESTROYED CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

• LATER SYMPTOMS=EDEMA, FATIGUE, , HTN, , , CHF, PYURIA, RENAL FAILURE, DEATH • TREATMENT=LOW NA DIET, ANTIHYPERTENSIVE MEDS, MAINTAIN FLUIDS & ELECTROLYTES, , KIDNEY TRANSPLANT WHEN BOTH KIDNEYS ARE SEVERELY DAMAGED

• INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEY & • CAUSE=PYOGENIC (PUS-FORMING) BACTERIA • SYMPTOMS=CHILLS, FEVER, BACK PAIN, FATIGUE, , HEMATURIA, PYURIA • TREATMENT=ANTIBIOTICS, INCREASE FLUID INTAKE

RENAL CALCULUS

• AKA URINARY CALCULUS OR KIDNEY STONE • CAUSE=SALTS IN THE PRECIPITATE (FORM A SOLID) • SMALL CALCULI PASS IN THE URINE • LARGER CALCULI GET STUCK IN THE RENAL PELVIS OR RENAL CALCULUS

• SYMPTOMS=SUDDEN, INTENSE PAIN (RENAL ), HEMATURIA, & , FREQUENT URGE TO VOID, • TREATMENT=INCREASE FLUIDS, PAIN MEDS, STRAIN ALL URINE TO SEE IF STONES ARE BEING ELIMINATED

RENAL CALCULUS

• TREATMENT=EXTRA-CORPOREAL -WAVE • LITHOTRIPSY=HIGH-ENERGY PRESSURE WAVES CRUSH THE STONES SO THEY CAN BE PASSED IN THE URINE • CAN BE DONE TO REMOVE THE CALCULI

DO YOU KNOW?

• PYURIA, DYSURIA, AND FEVER ARE ALL SYMPTOMS OF: a) RENAL FAILURE b) CYSTITIS c) d)

AND THE ANSWER IS…B DO YOU KNOW?

• WHAT CAN BE USED TO REMOVE RENAL CALCULI? a) LITHOTRIPSY b) URINALYSIS c) d) ANTIBIOTICS

AND THE ANSWER IS…A DO YOU KNOW?

• TREATMENT FOR PYELONEPHRITIS WOULD INCLUDE WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING? a) LOW DIET, ANTIHYPERTENSIVE MEDS b) RESTRICT FLUID INTAKE, DIALYSIS c) PAIN , STRAIN ALL URINE d) ANTIBIOTICS, INCREASE FLUID INTAKE

AND THE ANSWER IS…D DO YOU KNOW?

• WHICH URINARY DISORDER OFTEN FOLLOWS A CASE OF STREP THROAT? a) GLOMERULONEPHRITIS b) CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE c) RENAL CALCULI d) ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

AND THE ANSWER IS…D RENAL FAILURE • KIDNEYS STOP FUNCTIONING • CAN BE ACUTE (ARF) OR CHRONIC (CRF) ACUTE RENAL FAILURE

• CAUSED BY HEMORRHAGE, SHOCK, INJURY, POISONING, NEPHRITIS, • SYMPTOMS=OLIGURIA OR , , AMMONIA ODOR TO BREATH, EDEMA, CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA, UREMIA ACUTE RENAL FAILURE

• TREATMENT=DIALYSIS, RESTRICT FLUID INTAKE, • GOOD PROGNOSIS IF CONDITION CAUSING ARF CAN BE CORRECTED

CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE

• RESULTS FROM PROGRESSIVE • CAUSED BY CHRONIC LOSS OF KIDNEY FUNCTION GLOMERULONEPHRITIS, HTN, • WASTE PRODUCTS TOXINS, , LONG-TERM ACCUMULATE IN THE BLOOD & SUBSTANCE ABUSE, AFFECT MANY BODY SYSTEMS CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE

SYMPTOMS=NAUSEA, VOMITING, , WEIGHT LOSS, DECREASED MENTAL ABILITY, CONVULSIONS, MUSCLE IRRITABILITY, AMMONIA ODOR TO BREATH, UREMIC FROST (WHITE CRYSTALS ON THE ), , DEATH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE TREATMENT=DIALYSIS, DIET & FLUID RESTRICTIONS, SKIN & MOUTH KIDNEY TRANSPLANT IS THE ONLY CARE CURE UREMIA

• AKA • TOXIC CONDITION THAT OCCURS WHEN KIDNEYS FAIL & WASTE PRODUCTS ARE PRESENT IN THE BLOODSTREAM • CAUSES=ANY CONDITION THAT AFFECTS KIDNEY FUNCTION (RENAL FAILURE, CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS, ) UREMIA

• SYMPTOMS=HEADACHE, , NAUSEA, VOMITING, AMMONIA ODOR TO BREATH, OLIGURIA, ANURIA, MENTAL , CONVULSIONS, COMA, EVENTUALLY DEATH • TREATMENT=RESTRICTED DIET, CARDIAC MEDS TO INCREASE BP, DIALYSIS, KIDNEY TRANSPLANT

URETHRITIS

• INFLAMMATION OF THE URETHRA • CAUSES=BACTERIA (GONOCOCCUS), VIRUS, CHEMICALS (BUBBLE BATH) • MORE COMMON IN MALES THAN FEMALES

• SYMPTOMS=DYSURIA, REDNESS & ITCHING AT URINARY MEATUS, PURULENT DISCHARGE • TREATMENT=SITZ BATHS; WARM, MOIST COMPRESSES; ANTIBIOTICS; INCREASE FLUID INTAKE DO YOU KNOW?

• DAVID HAS BEEN DIAGNOSED WITH URETHRITIS. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE ABOUT THIS DISEASE OF THE ? a) IT IS MORE COMMON IN FEMALES THAN MALES. b) IT IS TREATED WITH ANTIBIOTICS AND DIALYSIS. c) IT IS AN INFECTION OF THE TUBE LEADING FROM THE BLADDER TO THE URINARY MEATUS. d) IT USUALLY FOLLOWS A CASE OF RHEUMATIC FEVER.

AND THE ANSWER IS…C DO YOU KNOW?

• SYMPTOMS OF UREMIA COULD INCLUDE WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING? a) AMMONIA ODOR TO BREATH, MENTAL CONFUSION, COMA b) , HEMATURIA, FEVER c) HEMATURIA, ALBUMINURIA, d) DYSURIA, REDNESS & ITCHING AT URINARY MEATUS

AND THE ANSWER IS…A DO YOU KNOW?

• THE PRESENCE OF WHICH CONDITION WOULD INDICATE THE URGENT NEED FOR A KIDNEY TRANSPLANT? a) RETENTION b) KIDNEY STONES c) OLIGURIA d) CHRONIC

AND THE ANSWER IS…D