Year 12 Textiles
Year 12 Textiles
Examination REVISION
Unit 1: DESIGN (yr 11 & 12)
List and briefly explain the elements of design
Line –Can create illusions. Vertical lines- Illusion of height, Horizontal lines- illusion of width.
Direction- The direction of a design.
Shape- Shape is a closed line. Lines can be organic (free formed natural shapes) or geometric. Silhouette refers to the style of the garment. Eg; hourglass, wedge, tube.
Size–The size of a garment of things on a garment.
Colour-Colour is described by the words;
- Hue: the name of the colour
Texture: This refers to the surface characteristics of a design. Eg: snakeskin
Value: the lightness or darkness of a colour.
- Designs that use shades and tints of one colour is called a monochromatic colour scheme.
- Designs that contain colours adjacent to each other on the colour wheel are called analogous or harmonious.
- Designs made from colours that are opposite to each other on a colour wheel are called complementary (one warm colour and one cool colour)
- Intensity: Colours are often used to intensify mood as they are deep intense colours. Eg: red for passion or anger.
The Principles of Design:
Proportion- the relationship between two parts of a design, or between one part of a design and the entire design. (The different sizes against each other)
Balance-The visual weight of shape, texture, colour, line and space. The three types of balance are:
- Symmetrical: Where the elements used on either side of an axis are similar or same.
- Asymmetrical: Where the elements used on either side of an axis are not distributed evenly, they are different.
- Radial: Where the design originates from a central point and all elements radiate out evenly from that point.
Rhythm-The repetition of various elements to create a feeling of organised movement.
Emphasis-The face point. Captures the attention of the viewer by using contrasting colours, unusual shapes, textures or lines.
Contrast- An unexpected change in visual elements of a design. Achieved through colour, shape, line or texture.
Harmony- Combines colour, shape, line and texture that blend together well and are consistent.
Unity- When a design is “complete”. All the visual elements of the design unify the overall work. Harmony is created when the design looks like it belongs together, it is unified.
Explain the term “Aesthetic Design Feature” and provide 5 examples.
Aesthetic design feature is a feature on a textile item which has a purpose to be aesthetically pleasing. Draws emphasis, attention.i.e. to look suitable for its purpose.
Eg: Beading, lace, buttons, bow, shoulder pads.
Explain the term “Functional Design Feature” and provide 5 examples.
Functional design feature is a feature on a textile item that helps provide function to the item to give it a purpose.
Eg: Zipper, pockets, material used (Properties of fabric), buttons, double seam.
Explain the influences on contemporary design/designers in relation to the following:
a)Cultural: Geographic location, climate, terrain; everything that makes up that culture for the country.
b) Internal:
Expertise, person ideas/values, study, education, finances, skill level, experience, cultural factors.
c) External:
Policies at the time, economy, social-values and attitudes of their society, Ecological-environmentally friendly products, technological-CAD and CAM helping make designs done quicker and better.
d) Political:
Influenced by the policies of the government in power. Designers now need to focus on areas of branding, consumer service and innovation to make us competitive.
Explain the historical development of swimwear.
- 1900-09: Woollen swimming dress with sailor collar. Women sewed weights into the hem of their dress to prevent it from floating up.
- 1910-19: Sleeveless two piece woollen tank suit. Swimwear became more fitted. Swimsuits made from wool.
- 1920-29: Short leg swim suit. Skin tight tubular swimsuits made from wool jersey became popular.
- 1920-39: Glamour inspired by the film industry. Influenced by film styles by lowering necklines, hemlines higher.
- 1940-49: Two piece spot halter neck swimsuit. Zippers used, corsets and bras built in into swimsuit to create shape.
- 1950-59: Shirred one-piece swimsuit. Striped high-waisted bikini.
- 1960-69: Skirt bikini. Lycra and Nylon were introduced to swimwear. No longer needed zippers.
- 1970-79: Crocheted bikini. String jersey knit bikini. Surf culture evolved.
- 1980’s-Onwards: Fashion swimwear. Acceptable to wear anything to the beach.
For the culture you have studied (Japan). Describe their use of textiles, decorative techniques, fibres and fabrics. Describe how they use these within their designs, their meanings etc (giving examples), and the effects this has on contemporary design.
Traditional fibre- Silk,
Traditional style dress- Kimono,
Status- If your Kimono was beautiful, made out of the finest silk and has lots of embroidery, you were seen as being higher class. The common people wore linen or hemp which were cheaper fabrics and were seen as lower class.
Techniques they use include; weaving, dyeing, printing, braiding and embroidery. They were used for decoration their clothing. Cords and saches are braided for Kumihino. Embroidery is used for decoration items used in religious ceremonies. Kimonos made from cotton are used in Summer to keep cooler.
Contemporary design- (Harajuku fashions) Young people are wearing a mix of traditional Japanese dress, handmade and secondhandclothing and designer fashions.
(Wa-mono) a mix of Japanese and western styles.
(Cyber) Futuristic combinations of colour and plastic.
(Punk and Cosplay)Dressing as cartoon character.
In regards to the contemporary designer you have studied, explain their designs, work and career, their influence and the factors affecting their designs.
Internal factors- Alex Perry had to study at East Sydney Technical College to become the designer that he is now.
What does he design? Gowns and eveningwear for celebrities and everyday women. Bridalwear, glasses. What is he known for? His beautiful dresses that he designs, he is on Australia’s Next Top Model, Project Runway. What inspired him to become a designer? Ever since he was young, he loved drawing. He loved designing things and loved glamour. What does he influence? He influences fashion trends, women by giving them tips and advice on what to wear. He likes to make sure that women feel good in what they are wearing, as well as looking good in it.
Unit 2: PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF TEXTILES(yr 11 & 12)
Complete the following table:
Fibre / Natural/Man-Made / PropertiesNylon / Man-made / Strong, Durable, not comfortable, not absorbent
Filament, can be made into monofilament or multifilament.
harder,crisper not as comfortable.
Wool / Natural / Warm, highly absorbent
Staple-Spun-warmth, comfortable
Cotton / Natural / Comfortabe, not strong, not weak
Staple-spun- comfort
Polyester / Man-made / Strength, durable, resilience.
Filament, can be made into monofilament or multifilament.-harder,crisper not as comfortable.
Silk / Natural / Lustre, drape
Filament, can be made into monofilament or multifilament.
Lycra / Man-made / Stretch. Never any more then 5% lycra in a fabric because it will stretch too much.
Filament, can be made into monofilament or multifilament.
List and explain the 3 main yarn types (e.g. Monofilament Yarns):
- Monofilament-Strongest yarn type, not comfortable.
- Staple-Spun-weakest type of yarn, used mostly in clothing.
- Multifilament- Still quite strong, more comfortable than monofilament because it has multiple fibres, letting air able to pass through, breathable.
List and explain the following fabric types:
a) Plain weave-Average weave. Eg; calico
b) Twill weave-Strongest weave Eg; denim
c) Satin weave-Weakest weave Eg; dresses
d) Weft knit- Goes across, used for things like stockings. Will ladder more than warp..
e)Warp knit- Goes up and down. Tend to be stronger. Decorative patterns ie laces,
f)Non-woven-held together in some way (glue, heat) Has not be woven. Eg; felt, chux cloths, environment bags.
Outline and explain the functional criteria for design when manufacturing an item (strength, durability, stretch, colour fastness, dimensional stability,etc):
Of a dance costume; stretch, dimensional stability, elongation.
Backpack; strength, durability, abrasion resistance.
Tent; water resistant, sun resistant, no stretch.
Formal dress; drape, lustre.
Shoes; durability, abrasion resistance, comfort.
School shirt; durability, abrasion resistance, comfort.
Explain the following fabric decoration techniques:
a) Block printing: Grab a block, dip in paint, press and print. (Stamp)
b) Computer linked embroidery: Connect computer up to embroider, set pattern, set detain, press send.
c) Digital printing: Connect computer to printer, set design, press send.
d) Applique: The process of sticking one fabric to velisofix, iron it on and iron it onto the fabric.
e) Tie Dyeing: Get fabric, tie it up, put into dye. Resist dye method- stops dye from getting into certain areas.
f) Digital heat imaging: Another way of printing. Stamps onto a t-shirt using heat. Done by piece dying. Positions onto clothing and stamps.
What is meant by the term “Emerging Technologies”. Provide examples (other than those listed in the question below).
Microfibre, Bicomponent Yarns, washable webs
Describe and explain the following Emerging Technologies
a)Microfibre: Extremely fine acrylic, nylon and polyester fibres. Microfibres are about one-sixteenth the thickness of a human hair. Less than one denier thick. Created to provide softer man-made fibres with improves water-resistancy.
Eg: Rainwear, hosiery, dance costumes, cleaning cloths.
High drapability, soft handle, washable, high strength, high water resistant, lightweight, resilient.
b)Bicomponent Yarns: Two different filaments extruded together and spun into a multifilament yarn. They crimp when exposed to heat. Created to develop fibres with the positives of both.
Eg: pantyhose, knitwear, socks, babywear.
Soft, bulky, inexpensive, non-fraying, abrasion resistant.
c)Washable Webs: Non-woven fabric. Synthetic fibres are bonded together with heat or adhesives (glues). Result is a cheap fabric with reduced strength. Created from synthetic fibres.
Eg: Bre and shoulder padding, interfacings, tarps, nappies, tea-bag covers, enviro shopping bags.
Do not fray, washable, highly absorbent, crease resistant, when used, can add strength to an item. (eg. Lining, padding)
Explain the term CAD. What is it and what are its benefits?
Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of computer systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design. CAD software is used to increase the productivity of the designer, improve the quality of design, improve communications through documentation, and to create a database for manufacturing. CAD output is often in the form of electronic files for print, machining, or other manufacturing operations.
Explain the term CAM. What is it and what are its benefits?
The use of computer software to control machine tools in the manufacturing of a
textile item. Used for creating pattern plan. (where each pattern piece goes to fit properly) Benefits are faster production, easier to use, effieient.
Unit 3: ATCFAI (yr 11 & 12)
Explain the following terms:
a) Niche market: Subset of the market on which a specific product of focusing. Defines the specific product features aimed at satisfying specific market needs. Eg. Sports programmes target a niche of sports lovers, therefore Designers target a certain niche of people for their design.
b) Marketplace: A place where people sell their items.
c) Target market: Same as niche market.
d) Promotion strategy: 1. To present information to customers as well as others.
2. To increase demand.
3. To differentiate a product.
They use media to promote ads for special events, endorsements, and newspapers to advertise their product.
e)Sustainable use of resources: Sustainable textiles are textiles (or fabrics) that are grown and created in an environmentally friendly way, using minimal chemicals. Because chemicals are not used in sustainable textiles, there are less health problems that are associated with chemicals such as headaches, allergies, skin irritation, and respiratory problems
What information is required on a product label?
1. Fibre content
2. Country of origin
3. Care instructions