Two Volumes, Publs 280 & 281, Resulted from the International Symposium On
Two volumes, Publs 280 & 281, resulted from the International Symposium on:
Water Resources Systems—Global Change, Risk Assessment and Water Management
held during IUGG 2003 (Sapporo, Japan).
The provision of adequate water supply is of fundamental importance to social and economic security worldwide. In many regions, the awareness of the wider community of the importance of water resources management has increased dramatically over the past few years. It has become clear that, in order to sustainably balance supply and demand of natural resources, the integration of a range of disciplines from a comprehensive systems perspective is essential and this certainly applies to water. The call for contributions to this symposium was so successful that it was expanded and so the selected papers were divided, according to topic, between two books, IAHS publications 280 and 281.
Water Resources Systems–
Water Availability and Global Change
edited by Stewart Franks, Günter Blöschl, Michio Kumagai, Katumi Musiake & Dan Rosbjerg
Publ. 280 (2003)
ISBN 1-901502-27-9; 322 + xiv pp.
Price £54.90
As greater demands are placed upon limited water resources, it becomes increasingly important to safeguard water resource systems from encroaching pollution, over-exploitation, the vagaries of natural climate variability, and the threat of anthropogenic climate change. Continued population growth over the coming decades can only exacerbate the existing global water crisis. This volume compiles a representative sample of the range of activities currently engaging the international hydrological science community, focusing on: © Hokkaido Shimbun Press
– Water resources assessment case studies and methodologies,
– Observations of hydrological change,
– Coupled climate–land surface modelling approaches,
– Water quality threats to water resources, and
– Modelling approaches to water resource assessment.
Contents
Dan Rosbjerg / v
1 /
Water Resources Assessment: Case Studies and Methodologies
Small hydrological basins in delta regions, past and future (climatic) changes, the Mark–Vliet basin Victor Jan Witter / 3Water problems and sustainability in North China Xia Jun, Heung Wong & WaiCheung Ip / 12
Utilization of water resources and its effects on the hydrological environment of the Tarim River basin in Xinjiang, China Changyuan Tang, Shizuo Shindo, Yasuo Sakura & Xin Li / 23
Water resources in Bulgaria under climate variability and change VesselinAlexandrov & Marin Genev / 30
Implications of climatic variability and climate change on water resources availability and water resources management in West Africa Oyediran Ojo, FeyiOni & O. Ogunkunle / 37
Structure of ecological indicators and indices for sustainable groundwater development Anna P. Belousova / 48
Assessment of the vulnerability of water resource systems in China with the runoff sensitivity factor Lihua Xiong & Shenglian Guo / 54
2 /
Observations of Hydrological Change
Impacts of global warming on large lakes Michio Kumagai, Kanako Ishikawa & Naoko Ishiguro / 65Analysis of water resources in the Yellow River basin in the last century DawenYang, Chong Li, Katumi Musiake & Tetsuya Kusuda / 70
Patterns of runoff change in Bulgaria Marin Genev / 79
Long-term variations in runoff and temperature in Sweden Göran Lindström & Sten Bergström / 86
The impacts of human activity on hydrological processes in the arid zones of the Hexi Corridor, northwest China, in the past 50 years Wang Genxu, ChengGuodong & Du Mingyuan / 93
Recent variability of the climate and glaciers in China’s monsoon region HeYuanqing, Zhang Zhonglin, Wilfred H. Theakstone, Chen Tuo, YaoTandong, David D. Zhang & Pang Hongxi / 104
3 /
Coupled Climate–Land Surface Modelling Approaches
Utilisation de modèles hydrologiques pour évaluer les ressources en eau de surface et leur évolution spatio-temporelle—application à l’Afrique de l’Ouest Jean-Emmanuel Paturel, Mahaman Ouedraogo, Gil Mahé, Eric Servat & AlainDezetter / 117Global water resources assessment under climatic change in 2050 using TRIP Taikan Oki, Yasushi Agata, Shinjiro Kanae, Takao Saruhashi & Katumi Musiake / 124
Prediction of hydrological extremes by air circulation indices
Joanna Pociask-Karteczka, Zenon Nieckarz & Danuta Limanówka / 134
Comparison of flow forecasts by runoff models: a case study from southern Brazil Carlos E. M. Tucci, Pedro Dias, RobinClarke, Walter Collischonn & Gilvan Sampaio / 142
Investigation of feedback mechanisms between soil moisture, land use and precipitation in West Africa Harald Kunstmann & Gerlinde Jung / 149
The effect of downscaling techniques on assessing water resources impacts from climate change scenarios Johan Andréasson, Sten Bergström, Bengt Carlsson & L. Phil Graham / 160
Generation of rainfall scenarios using daily patterns of change from GCMs Timothy I. Harrold & Roger N. Jones / 165
4 /
Water Quality Threats to Water Resources
A step in the right direction: towards integrated natural resource management in Sarawak, Malaysia Tina Svan Hansen / 175Groundwater pollution vulnerability and groundwater protection strategy for the Owerri area, southeastern Nigeria K. M. Ibe Sr, G. I. Nwankwor & S.O.Onyekuru / 184
Modelling nitrogen dynamics in an agricultural-forested catchment Baolin Su, SoKazama, Minjiao Lu & Masaki Sawamoto / 195
Assessment of groundwater quality and climatic water balance studies in the Pageru River basin, Andhra Pradesh, India P. D. Sreedevi & Shakeel Ahmed / 205
Effect of irrigation on groundwater chemistry in the lower Chambal Command area, Madhya Pradesh, India L. P. Chourasia / 213
Cumulative environmental change in the lower Niger Shakirudeen Odunuga, Olufemi Tejuoso & Fasona Mayowa / 221
The origin of water salinity on the Annaba coast (NE Algeria) L. Djabri,
R. Laouar, A. Hani, J. Mania & J. Mudry / 229
5 /
Modelling Approaches to Water Resource Assessment
Identifying human induced pressures and their impact on water resources—the assessment of hydrological quality in river basins Michael Eisele,Andreas Steinbrich & Christian Leibundgut / 239
Estimating land cover changes and associated environmental impacts on wetlands by coupling remote sensing and hydrological modelling
Zacharias Ierotheos, E. Dimitriou & Th. Koussouris / 247
Streamflow generation using a multivariate hybrid time series model SeungYupRieu, Young-Oh Kim & Dong Ryul Lee / 255
Radial basis function network for prediction of hydrological time series
A. W. Jayawardena, Pengcheng Xu & W. K. Li / 260
Long-term estimation of evapotranspiration from a tropical rain forest in Peninsular Malaysia Makoto Tani, Abdul Rahim Nik, Yukio Yasuda,
Shoji Noguchi, Siti Aisah Shamsuddin, Mohd Md Sahat & Satoru Takanashi / 267
Evaporation of intercepted precipitation in unlogged and logged forest areas of central Kalimantan, Indonesia Chay Asdak / 275
Estimating the snow distribution in a subalpine region using a distributed snowmelt model Kentaro Matsui & Takeshi Ohta / 282
The influence of snow depth on the variation of vegetation activity and evapotranspiration Yoshihiro Asaoka, So Kazama & Masaki Sawamoto / 292
Some problems in regionalization of watersheds A. Ramachandra Rao &
V. V. Srinivas / 301
Effect of snow interception on the energy balance above deciduous and coniferous forests during a snowy winter Kazuyoshi Suzuki, Yuichiro Nakai, Takeshi Ohta, Tsutomu Nakamura & Tetsuo Ohata / 309
Key word index / 319
Preface
The provision of adequate water supply is of fundamental importance to social and economic security worldwide. As greater demands are placed upon limited water resources, it becomes increasingly important to safeguard water resource systems from encroaching pollution, over-exploitation, the vagaries of natural climate variability and the threat of anthropogenic climate change. The challenges of water security are felt most acutely in the less developed countries, where it is estimated that 1.2 billion people lack access to safe drinking water and 4 million children are lost to water-borne diseases each year. Continued population growth over the coming decades can only exacerbate the existing global water crisis, so readily apparent in many parts of the world. The task of addressing this water crisis can only be achieved through a true consensus for action at every level of society. In this light, the hydrological sciences will have a key role to play in providing deeper insight into the sustainability and suitable management of water resource systems.
During the 2003 General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, 30 June–11 July 2003 in Sapporo, Japan, a symposium was held entitled “Water Resources Systems—Global Change, Risk Assessment and Water Management”. The symposium was organized by the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) through a number of its constituent commissions. The response to the initial call for papers was so great that the proceedings of this symposium have been compiled into two volumes, the first relating to water availability and change (this volume), whilst the second volume focuses on hydrological risk and water management (IAHS Publication no. 281*).
The present volume contains 37 papers from the international hydrological community, reflecting a range of issues being faced in many different regions of the world. The diversity of the problems faced and their potential solution is well demonstrated through the range of contributions. They are arranged in a series of sections:
Section 1 – Water Resources Assessment: Case Studies and Methodologies,
Section 2 – Observations of Hydrological Change,
Section 3 – Coupled Climate–Land Surface Modelling Approaches,
Section 4 – Water Quality Threats to Water Resources, and
Section 5 – Modelling Approaches to Water Resource Assessment.
Whilst we cannot hope to provide definitive methodological approaches to each and every water resource issue faced across the globe, this volume compiles a representative sample of the range of activities currently engaging the international hydrological science community. It is through this sharing of experience and insight that we hope that lessons may be drawn from which the current and future problems of water security may be mitigated or avoided.
Editor in chief:
Stewart Franks
University of Newcastle, Australia
Co-editors:
Günter Blöschl
Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Michio Kumagai
Lake Biwa Research Institute, Uchidehama Otsu, Japan
Katumi Musiake
University of Tokyo, Japan
Dan Rosbjerg
Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
*Available from IAHS Press: Water Resources Systems–—Hydrological Risk, Management and Development,
edited by Günter Blöschl, Stewart Franks, Michio Kumagai, Katumi Musiake & Dan Rosbjerg. IAHS Publ. no. 281.
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Water Resources Systems—Water Availability and Global Change (Proceedings of symposium HS02a held during IUGG2003 at Sapporo, July 2003). IAHS Publ. no. 280, 2003. p. 3–11.
Small hydrological basins in delta regions, past and future (climatic) changes, the Mark–Vliet basin
VICTOR JAN WITTER
Water authority “Hoogheemraadschap van West-Brabant” PO Box 2212, NL-4800 CE Breda, TheNetherlands
Abstract The paper gives an overview of past and provisioned changes in climate, land use, and measures affecting the hydrology of the Dutch/Belgian basin of the Mark and the Vliet rivers. This is a small hydrological basin (~1400km2) situated in the delta of the rivers Rhine, Meuse and Scheldt. The basin is of recent origin. The period of study starts about the year 1820, when sluices were built at the outlets of the rivers draining the basin, and extends to the year 2050. The changes are analysed with respect to their effect on drainage and water supply. Key factors in hydrological change are identified: land use, drainage basis and layout and resistance of the open water system. Changes are analysed with respect to water levels and discharges during mean conditions as well as high flood and low flood conditions. The paper demonstrates: (a) the profound changes that took place in the hydrology of small basins like the Mark–Vliet basin, changes that in large river basins are flattened out; (b) the magnitude of future changes in the region’s hydrology due to autonomous developments and due to the effects of climatic change; and (c) that the magnitude of future changes considerably exceeds that of changes in the past. The results for the Mark–Vliet basin are generalized to small hydrological basins in delta regions. It is argued that these basins are particularly vulnerable to climatic change.
Key words climatic change; delta regions; droughts; floods; hydrological change; water management
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Water Resources Systems—Water Availability and Global Change (Proceedings of symposium HS02a held during IUGG2003 at Sapporo, July 2003). IAHS Publ. no. 280, 2003. p. 12–22.
Water problems and sustainability in North China
XIA JUN
Institute of Geographical Science & Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, 100101 Beijing, China, and Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, China
HEUNG WONG, WAI CHEUNG IP
Department of Applied Mathematics, Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
Abstract The problems of water shortage and related eco-environmental issues in North China have become the most significant issue to impact sustainable development in this very important region that is the political, cultural and economic centre of China. This paper addresses these emergent issues using the case study of the Haihe River basin in North China. The new developments in international water study and the background causing these problems, natural change and particular human activities, are analysed. Key points are addressed as four aspects: (a) study of the water cycle process as impacted by climate change and high intensity human activity, focusing on the influence of climate change on continued drought in the region, and human activity; (b) water utilization in relation to new economic changes, such as water saving models; (c) study of ecohydrology, and interaction of water and ecology impacted by climate change and human activity; and (d) reasonable water allocation, including water diversion from south to north, and water saving issues in local areas. Several suggestions for both study of the water cycle, which is a very important base for water security in North China, and applied studies of water resources and eco-environmental rehabilitation, are proposed. These key issues will benefit both water science and sustainable development in China.
Key words environmental change; North China; sustainability; water security
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Water Resources Systems—Water Availability and Global Change (Proceedings of symposium HS02a held during IUGG2003 at Sapporo, July 2003). IAHS Publ. no. 280, 2003. p. 23–29.
Utilization of water resources and its effects on the hydrological environment of the Tarim River basin in Xinjiang, China
CHANGYUAN TANG, SHIZUO SHINDO, YASUO SAKURA
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan