Table 1-1. Age and Sex by Usual Residence, Tonga: 1996 [For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] ______³ ³ Greater Age Total Tongatapu Vava'u Ha'apai Eua Niuas³Nuku'alofa Nuku'alofa ______All persons...... 97,784 66,979 15,715 8,138 4,934 2,018 31,404 22,400 Under 1 years ...... 2,484 1,708 414 195 116 51 787 553 1 to 4 years...... 10,995 7,527 1,765 948 529 226 3,363 2,370 5 to 9 years...... 12,258 8,126 2,045 1,136 642 309 3,790 2,669 10 to 14 years...... 12,521 8,488 2,131 1,008 626 268 3,826 2,721 15 to 19 years...... 10,895 7,746 1,643 742 566 198 3,579 2,579 20 to 24 years...... 8,722 6,423 1,149 607 417 126 3,104 2,192 25 to 29 years...... 7,757 5,494 1,138 569 427 129 2,606 1,827 30 to 34 years...... 5,918 4,109 951 445 298 115 2,031 1,461 35 to 39 years...... 4,686 3,194 732 408 253 99 1,626 1,175 40 to 44 years...... 4,122 2,790 686 353 200 93 1,407 1,019 45 to 49 years...... 3,498 2,333 600 307 175 83 1,146 818 50 to 54 years...... 3,310 2,158 580 305 183 84 1,021 728 55 to 59 years...... 3,008 1,982 491 311 148 76 899 655 60 to 64 years...... 2,562 1,690 445 254 113 60 760 552 65 to 69 years...... 1,971 1,273 350 206 100 42 593 436 70 to 74 years...... 1,370 875 273 131 75 16 387 282 75 to 79 years...... 903 551 175 113 41 23 242 184 80 to 84 years...... 487 306 98 55 14 14 148 113 85 years and over . . . . . 317 206 49 45 11 6 89 66 Median...... 19.9 19.9 19.6 20.3 19.9 18.9 20.6 20.7 Youth dependency...... 71.9 69.7 77.7 78.8 70.5 83.5 66.1 65.2 Aged dependency ...... 14.3 13.2 17.0 19.3 13.0 15.7 12.5 12.8 Total dependency...... 86.2 82.9 94.6 98.1 83.5 99.2 78.5 78.0

Males...... 49,615 33,753 8,055 4,109 2,624 1,074 15,712 11,118 Less than 1 year...... 1,275 875 222 92 56 30 395 278 1 to 4 years...... 5,712 3,912 890 492 289 129 1,767 1,231 5 to 9 years...... 6,539 4,317 1,103 621 335 163 1,956 1,367 10 to 14 years...... 6,482 4,350 1,134 538 322 138 1,977 1,387 15 to 19 years...... 5,609 3,989 855 352 311 102 1,789 1,283 20 to 24 years...... 4,445 3,234 605 304 248 54 1,569 1,090 25 to 29 years...... 3,972 2,808 585 289 224 66 1,336 922 30 to 34 years...... 3,009 2,101 469 218 156 65 1,037 750 35 to 39 years...... 2,244 1,507 357 203 124 53 752 538 40 to 44 years...... 1,933 1,290 325 170 102 46 675 490 45 to 49 years...... 1,606 1,073 280 126 83 44 546 389 50 to 54 years...... 1,548 955 299 154 94 46 448 331 55 to 59 years...... 1,500 982 233 161 81 43 429 312 60 to 64 years...... 1,289 822 231 131 65 40 366 262 65 to 69 years...... 995 634 181 99 59 22 278 194 70 to 74 years...... 691 436 149 56 38 12 189 140 75 to 79 years...... 439 262 77 61 25 14 113 91 80 to 84 years...... 207 124 44 27 7 5 62 45 85 years and over . . . . . 120 82 16 15 5 2 28 18 Median...... 19.3 19.3 19.0 19.4 20.0 18.8 19.9 20.1 Youth dependency...... 77.4 75.0 83.6 88.2 70.4 88.6 71.0 69.8 Aged dependency ...... 14.5 13.2 17.4 19.7 14.0 18.3 12.1 12.3 Total dependency...... 91.8 88.2 101.0 107.8 84.4 106.9 83.1 82.1

Females...... 48,169 33,226 7,660 4,029 2,310 944 15,692 11,282 Less than 1 year...... 1,209 833 192 103 60 21 392 275 1 to 4 years...... 5,283 3,615 875 456 240 97 1,596 1,139 5 to 9 years...... 5,719 3,809 942 515 307 146 1,834 1,302 10 to 14 years...... 6,039 4,138 997 470 304 130 1,849 1,334 15 to 19 years...... 5,286 3,757 788 390 255 96 1,790 1,296 20 to 24 years...... 4,277 3,189 544 303 169 72 1,535 1,102 25 to 29 years...... 3,785 2,686 553 280 203 63 1,270 905 30 to 34 years...... 2,909 2,008 482 227 142 50 994 711 35 to 39 years...... 2,442 1,687 375 205 129 46 874 637 40 to 44 years...... 2,189 1,500 361 183 98 47 732 529 45 to 49 years...... 1,892 1,260 320 181 92 39 600 429 50 to 54 years...... 1,762 1,203 281 151 89 38 573 397 55 to 59 years...... 1,508 1,000 258 150 67 33 470 343 60 to 64 years...... 1,273 868 214 123 48 20 394 290 65 to 69 years...... 976 639 169 107 41 20 315 242 70 to 74 years...... 679 439 124 75 37 4 198 142 75 to 79 years...... 464 289 98 52 16 9 129 93 80 to 84 years...... 280 182 54 28 7 9 86 68 85 years and over . . . . . 197 124 33 30 6 4 61 48 Median...... 20.6 20.7 20.3 21.3 19.8 19.1 21.3 21.3 Youth dependency...... 66.8 64.7 72.0 70.4 70.5 78.2 61.4 61.0 Aged dependency ...... 14.2 13.3 16.6 18.9 12.0 13.1 12.8 13.3 Total dependency...... 81.0 78.0 88.6 89.3 82.5 91.3 74.2 74.3 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 1-2. Single Year of Age by Usual Residence for Tongans and Part-Tongans, Tonga: 1996 [For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] ______³ ³ Greater Age Total Tongatapu Vava'u Ha'apai Eua Niuas³Nuku'alofa Nuku'alofa ______All persons...... 96,020 65,571 15,499 8,075 4,867 2,008 30,336 21,538 Under 1 years ...... 2,456 1,685 412 194 114 51 770 539 1...... 2,830 1,903 449 267 148 63 854 598 2...... 2,704 1,879 440 218 121 46 848 588 3...... 2,791 1,886 465 252 134 54 805 570 4...... 2,574 1,781 406 209 117 61 806 572 5...... 2,467 1,670 358 231 150 58 751 507 6...... 2,616 1,737 448 244 124 63 810 564 7...... 2,396 1,532 443 219 143 59 693 483 8...... 2,305 1,531 397 226 98 53 718 515 9...... 2,363 1,564 392 210 122 75 749 543 10...... 2,547 1,668 450 234 134 61 763 545 11...... 2,528 1,707 413 228 124 56 752 525 12...... 2,451 1,645 438 186 131 51 770 560 13...... 2,484 1,712 432 187 103 50 749 531 14...... 2,402 1,664 394 170 126 48 727 510 15...... 2,209 1,535 353 155 120 46 719 523 16...... 2,470 1,700 396 179 138 57 761 553 17...... 2,136 1,505 319 152 119 41 680 490 18...... 2,098 1,520 316 141 97 24 695 496 19...... 1,880 1,399 252 113 86 30 662 465 20...... 1,821 1,385 219 117 74 26 677 485 21...... 1,732 1,285 212 123 88 24 600 417 22...... 1,692 1,247 218 122 76 29 628 438 23...... 1,655 1,198 238 121 80 18 543 390 24...... 1,695 1,216 239 117 94 29 586 411 25...... 1,582 1,150 215 103 83 31 522 347 26...... 1,732 1,241 266 106 96 23 584 420 27...... 1,571 1,107 229 113 99 23 541 375 28...... 1,488 1,025 223 133 80 27 483 337 29...... 1,214 845 178 105 62 24 388 272 30...... 1,433 1,003 223 112 72 23 478 339 31...... 1,204 836 182 97 59 30 401 292 32...... 1,050 705 183 89 54 19 335 237 33...... 1,053 750 179 68 39 17 398 292 34...... 1,000 681 154 73 67 25 319 217 35...... 896 596 141 91 54 14 289 198 36...... 1,060 724 168 77 68 23 366 262 37...... 866 584 136 77 47 22 263 185 38...... 864 578 139 79 43 25 288 207 39...... 803 544 129 80 36 14 281 213 40...... 816 546 131 86 35 18 270 193 41...... 809 528 140 65 51 25 254 175 42...... 787 535 138 63 36 15 258 194 43...... 759 489 142 69 38 21 251 185 44...... 792 553 124 65 36 14 266 183 45...... 657 437 107 64 33 16 204 135 46...... 754 511 119 68 39 17 240 174 47...... 616 409 119 47 31 10 195 148 48...... 694 435 119 84 38 18 202 144 49...... 656 441 119 42 33 21 226 161 50...... 773 501 141 70 35 26 214 143 51...... 707 453 130 65 44 15 215 159 52...... 519 354 70 50 34 11 154 113 53...... 564 355 100 60 41 8 170 118 54...... 634 413 117 54 26 24 193 133 55...... 540 356 85 62 29 8 168 112 56...... 705 458 118 71 32 26 196 142 57...... 569 376 90 60 24 19 165 113 58...... 601 393 99 68 25 16 169 136 59...... 510 331 89 47 36 7 146 106 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 1-2. Single Year of Age by Usual Residence for Tongans and Part-Tongans, Tonga: 1996 [For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] ______³ ³ Greater Age Total Tongatapu Vava'u Ha'apai Eua Niuas³Nuku'alofa Nuku'alofa ______60...... 578 373 115 47 27 16 161 121 61...... 440 297 63 54 20 6 126 88 62...... 490 338 79 46 18 9 147 99 63...... 454 294 77 49 24 10 136 107 64...... 526 332 96 56 23 19 148 107 65...... 433 266 80 54 19 14 114 77 66...... 452 302 78 36 27 9 146 105 67...... 345 223 56 37 23 6 101 78 68...... 356 233 70 37 9 7 119 89 69...... 338 214 60 39 20 5 85 62 70...... 363 234 70 33 22 4 101 68 71...... 232 145 57 16 11 3 65 47 72...... 282 181 47 30 21 3 84 69 73...... 224 138 48 23 14 1 65 44 74...... 245 159 46 28 7 5 62 44 75...... 221 138 43 27 7 6 65 49 76...... 222 139 41 25 15 2 60 48 77...... 132 77 31 18 3 3 32 25 78...... 204 131 33 23 11 6 54 37 79...... 111 58 23 19 5 6 25 22 80...... 115 75 26 8 3 3 37 33 81...... 99 57 23 11 5 3 24 20 82...... 95 65 15 10 2 3 33 25 83...... 72 44 13 11 1 3 23 15 84...... 99 60 19 15 3 2 29 18 85...... 58 36 7 12 3 - 16 9 86...... 56 42 7 5 - 2 17 13 87...... 32 23 6 2 1 - 11 10 88...... 45 26 9 6 3 1 12 10 89...... 18 8 2 6 - 2 3 1 90...... 13 7 4 2 - - 3 2 91...... 19 11 3 4 1 - 3 2 92...... 10 6 1 2 1 - 2 1 93...... 21 16 3 2 - - 8 6 94...... 11 7 2 2 - - 1 1 95...... 5 3 - 2 - - 2 1 96...... 16 11 4 - 1 - 4 4 97...... 2 2 - - - - 2 2 98 or more...... 6 3 1 - 1 1 2 1 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 1-2. Single Year of Age by Usual Residence for Tongan and Part-Tongan Females 1996 [For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] ______³ ³ Greater Age Total Tongatapu Vava'u Ha'apai Eua Niuas³Nuku'alofa Nuku'alofa ______All persons...... 47,357 32,581 7,555 4,006 2,277 938 15,221 10,913 Under 1 years ...... 1,192 819 191 102 59 21 383 268 1...... 1,397 958 203 137 73 26 432 304 2...... 1,317 922 217 106 51 21 415 292 3...... 1,330 887 236 117 67 23 371 269 4...... 1,195 810 218 95 47 25 355 256 5...... 1,177 798 177 104 76 22 364 245 6...... 1,206 793 198 115 61 39 381 262 7...... 1,116 723 195 105 67 26 339 232 8...... 1,059 732 178 84 43 22 355 263 9...... 1,104 718 188 105 57 36 363 272 10...... 1,233 823 204 109 66 31 382 272 11...... 1,220 827 197 117 58 21 354 251 12...... 1,220 835 208 79 71 27 397 297 13...... 1,161 792 205 86 48 30 328 232 14...... 1,146 809 181 77 59 20 353 256 15...... 1,133 794 184 79 55 21 371 266 16...... 1,146 785 177 92 68 24 378 274 17...... 1,037 733 157 79 48 20 341 247 18...... 1,013 737 144 78 41 13 343 250 19...... 907 668 121 61 39 18 325 235 20...... 875 688 83 62 28 14 331 242 21...... 836 649 92 49 37 9 316 230 22...... 817 612 97 66 26 16 305 213 23...... 822 582 127 67 34 12 258 188 24...... 864 614 130 57 42 21 291 202 25...... 744 547 100 48 31 18 251 179 26...... 860 606 137 54 48 15 273 202 27...... 763 546 112 51 45 9 256 180 28...... 748 520 101 70 42 15 261 179 29...... 587 411 84 54 32 6 187 133 30...... 707 486 118 55 39 9 232 157 31...... 566 403 81 45 28 9 193 140 32...... 506 336 90 47 24 9 157 115 33...... 553 385 104 36 22 6 214 159 34...... 494 331 77 43 26 17 150 100 35...... 488 333 76 46 27 6 172 119 36...... 557 387 87 36 37 10 196 149 37...... 433 296 68 39 19 11 136 90 38...... 456 306 75 39 24 12 165 119 39...... 410 285 59 42 18 6 141 109 40...... 427 297 64 39 16 11 153 110 41...... 436 285 80 36 22 13 138 94 42...... 406 282 68 36 15 5 136 101 43...... 397 256 76 35 20 10 120 89 44...... 458 322 69 36 23 8 147 103 45...... 345 233 57 33 17 5 106 70 46...... 408 284 60 38 20 6 133 96 47...... 344 224 67 30 17 6 99 78 48...... 369 225 60 55 18 11 103 74 49...... 374 251 68 24 20 11 126 89 50...... 419 285 67 35 20 12 122 85 51...... 377 261 68 24 20 4 130 95 52...... 277 200 31 23 18 5 94 64 53...... 304 191 49 38 22 4 85 53 54...... 352 241 62 29 7 13 120 83 55...... 271 165 48 36 17 5 82 53 56...... 359 245 60 32 12 10 110 84 57...... 295 198 49 29 10 9 88 65 58...... 302 198 52 33 11 8 91 72 59...... 247 165 45 19 17 1 78 55 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 1-2. Single Year of Age by Usual Residence for Tongan and Part-Tongan Females 1996 [For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] ______³ ³ Greater Age Total Tongatapu Vava'u Ha'apai Eua Niuas³Nuku'alofa Nuku'alofa ______60...... 282 186 52 30 7 7 81 67 61...... 227 153 37 25 11 1 68 49 62...... 250 181 39 20 9 1 80 53 63...... 214 144 34 23 9 4 63 48 64...... 269 181 46 24 11 7 87 63 65...... 226 138 41 31 10 6 61 42 66...... 228 164 35 13 12 4 82 59 67...... 162 102 30 19 9 2 54 45 68...... 161 102 30 23 1 5 56 44 69...... 177 117 31 20 7 2 48 39 70...... 189 119 34 24 10 2 51 33 71...... 101 64 25 8 4 - 28 20 72...... 162 110 22 17 12 1 53 46 73...... 109 67 22 12 8 - 34 20 74...... 111 75 18 14 3 1 30 21 75...... 104 63 20 15 4 2 31 21 76...... 106 67 21 11 6 1 32 24 77...... 72 44 18 9 - 1 16 13 78...... 124 80 24 11 6 3 36 23 79...... 52 31 13 6 - 2 11 10 80...... 65 40 15 6 2 2 19 18 81...... 47 29 11 3 2 2 14 11 82...... 62 44 10 4 2 2 20 16 83...... 43 30 6 5 - 2 13 8 84...... 60 37 11 10 1 1 19 14 85...... 30 20 3 6 1 - 11 7 86...... 32 23 4 4 - 1 11 10 87...... 22 14 5 2 1 - 8 7 88...... 28 16 5 4 2 1 9 7 89...... 8 2 2 3 - 1 - - 90...... 9 6 2 1 - - 3 2 91...... 9 5 2 2 - - 1 1 92...... 6 3 1 2 - - 1 - 93...... 12 8 2 2 - - 4 3 94...... 9 5 2 2 - - 1 1 95...... 4 2 - 2 - - 1 - 96...... 15 10 4 - 1 - 4 4 97...... 2 2 - - - - 2 2 98 or more...... 6 3 1 - 1 1 2 1 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 1-2. Single Year of Age by Usual Residence for Tongan and Part-Tongan Males:1996 [For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] ______³ ³ Greater Age Total Tongatapu Vava'u Ha'apai Eua Niuas³Nuku'alofa Nuku'alofa ______All persons...... 48,663 32,990 7,944 4,069 2,590 1,070 15,115 10,625 Under 1 years ...... 1,264 866 221 92 55 30 387 271 1...... 1,433 945 246 130 75 37 422 294 2...... 1,387 957 223 112 70 25 433 296 3...... 1,461 999 229 135 67 31 434 301 4...... 1,379 971 188 114 70 36 451 316 5...... 1,290 872 181 127 74 36 387 262 6...... 1,410 944 250 129 63 24 429 302 7...... 1,280 809 248 114 76 33 354 251 8...... 1,246 799 219 142 55 31 363 252 9...... 1,259 846 204 105 65 39 386 271 10...... 1,314 845 246 125 68 30 381 273 11...... 1,308 880 216 111 66 35 398 274 12...... 1,231 810 230 107 60 24 373 263 13...... 1,323 920 227 101 55 20 421 299 14...... 1,256 855 213 93 67 28 374 254 15...... 1,076 741 169 76 65 25 348 257 16...... 1,324 915 219 87 70 33 383 279 17...... 1,099 772 162 73 71 21 339 243 18...... 1,085 783 172 63 56 11 352 246 19...... 973 731 131 52 47 12 337 230 20...... 946 697 136 55 46 12 346 243 21...... 896 636 120 74 51 15 284 187 22...... 875 635 121 56 50 13 323 225 23...... 833 616 111 54 46 6 285 202 24...... 831 602 109 60 52 8 295 209 25...... 838 603 115 55 52 13 271 168 26...... 872 635 129 52 48 8 311 218 27...... 808 561 117 62 54 14 285 195 28...... 740 505 122 63 38 12 222 158 29...... 627 434 94 51 30 18 201 139 30...... 726 517 105 57 33 14 246 182 31...... 638 433 101 52 31 21 208 152 32...... 544 369 93 42 30 10 178 122 33...... 500 365 75 32 17 11 184 133 34...... 506 350 77 30 41 8 169 117 35...... 408 263 65 45 27 8 117 79 36...... 503 337 81 41 31 13 170 113 37...... 433 288 68 38 28 11 127 95 38...... 408 272 64 40 19 13 123 88 39...... 393 259 70 38 18 8 140 104 40...... 389 249 67 47 19 7 117 83 41...... 373 243 60 29 29 12 116 81 42...... 381 253 70 27 21 10 122 93 43...... 362 233 66 34 18 11 131 96 44...... 334 231 55 29 13 6 119 80 45...... 312 204 50 31 16 11 98 65 46...... 346 227 59 30 19 11 107 78 47...... 272 185 52 17 14 4 96 70 48...... 325 210 59 29 20 7 99 70 49...... 282 190 51 18 13 10 100 72 50...... 354 216 74 35 15 14 92 58 51...... 330 192 62 41 24 11 85 64 52...... 242 154 39 27 16 6 60 49 53...... 260 164 51 22 19 4 85 65 54...... 282 172 55 25 19 11 73 50 55...... 269 191 37 26 12 3 86 59 56...... 346 213 58 39 20 16 86 58 57...... 274 178 41 31 14 10 77 48 58...... 299 195 47 35 14 8 78 64 59...... 263 166 44 28 19 6 68 51 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 1-2. Single Year of Age by Usual Residence for Tongan and Part-Tongan Males:1996 [For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] ______³ ³ Greater Age Total Tongatapu Vava'u Ha'apai Eua Niuas³Nuku'alofa Nuku'alofa ______60...... 296 187 63 17 20 9 80 54 61...... 213 144 26 29 9 5 58 39 62...... 240 157 40 26 9 8 67 46 63...... 240 150 43 26 15 6 73 59 64...... 257 151 50 32 12 12 61 44 65...... 207 128 39 23 9 8 53 35 66...... 224 138 43 23 15 5 64 46 67...... 183 121 26 18 14 4 47 33 68...... 195 131 40 14 8 2 63 45 69...... 161 97 29 19 13 3 37 23 70...... 174 115 36 9 12 2 50 35 71...... 131 81 32 8 7 3 37 27 72...... 120 71 25 13 9 2 31 23 73...... 115 71 26 11 6 1 31 24 74...... 134 84 28 14 4 4 32 23 75...... 117 75 23 12 3 4 34 28 76...... 116 72 20 14 9 1 28 24 77...... 60 33 13 9 3 2 16 12 78...... 80 51 9 12 5 3 18 14 79...... 59 27 10 13 5 4 14 12 80...... 50 35 11 2 1 1 18 15 81...... 52 28 12 8 3 1 10 9 82...... 33 21 5 6 - 1 13 9 83...... 29 14 7 6 1 1 10 7 84...... 39 23 8 5 2 1 10 4 85...... 28 16 4 6 2 - 5 2 86...... 24 19 3 1 - 1 6 3 87...... 10 9 1 - - - 3 3 88...... 17 10 4 2 1 - 3 3 89...... 10 6 - 3 - 1 3 1 90...... 4 1 2 1 - - - - 91...... 10 6 1 2 1 - 2 1 92...... 4 3 - - 1 - 1 1 93...... 9 8 1 - - - 4 3 94...... 2 2 ------95...... 1 1 - - - - 1 1 96...... 1 1 ------97...... ------98 or more...... ------______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 1-2. Relationship by Usual Residence, Tonga: 1996 [For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] ______³ ³ Greater Relationship Total Tongatapu Vava'u Ha'apai Eua Niuas³Nuku'alofa Nuku'alofa ______RELATIONSHIP

All persons...... 97,784 66,979 15,715 8,138 4,934 2,018 31,404 22,400 Head...... 16,219 10,810 2,733 1,474 821 381 5,082 3,670 Spouse...... 10,878 7,223 1,862 962 583 248 3,238 2,299 Son ...... 21,244 14,356 3,645 1,628 1,129 486 6,304 4,415 Daughter...... 19,566 13,307 3,253 1,577 969 460 5,993 4,266 Brother ...... 948 678 130 72 44 24 349 245 Sister...... 830 603 113 73 31 10 343 272 Child of spouse ...... 1,219 811 160 154 84 10 382 258 Grandchild...... 11,319 7,593 1,932 1,052 563 179 3,056 2,271 Father...... 126 83 16 19 6 2 45 20 Mother...... 474 294 91 58 21 10 132 90 Parent of spouse...... 298 191 60 31 11 5 107 75 Other relatives ...... 9,334 7,330 890 638 382 94 4,396 3,157 No relation ...... 5,329 3,700 830 400 290 109 1,977 1,362 Not reported...... ------

ETHNICITY

All persons...... 97,784 66,979 15,715 8,138 4,934 2,018 31,404 22,400 Tongan...... 94,288 64,193 15,257 8,029 4,809 2,000 29,624 20,964 Part-Tongan ...... 1,732 1,378 242 46 58 8 712 574 European...... 676 517 124 27 7 1 408 324 Fijian...... 223 194 10 15 4 - 133 114 Samoan...... 103 81 13 5 4 - 46 37 Indian...... 85 81 3 - - 1 81 70 Chinese ...... 55 51 - 2 2 - 47 42 Japanese...... 29 26 1 - 2 - 24 21 Other Pacific Islands . . . 256 179 22 6 47 2 134 110 Other Asian ...... 325 269 42 7 1 6 187 136 Not elsewhere specified . . 12 10 1 1 - - 8 8 Not reported...... ------

RELIGION

All persons...... 97,784 66,979 15,715 8,138 4,934 2,018 31,404 22,400 FWC ...... 40,014 27,425 6,600 3,105 2,176 708 13,265 9,705 Catholic...... 15,628 11,441 1,860 668 800 859 5,127 4,360 LDS ...... 13,383 9,666 2,088 1,041 536 52 3,123 2,063 Free Church of Tonga. . . . 11,260 6,840 2,657 673 783 307 2,934 1,729 Church of Tonga ...... 7,039 3,745 944 2,035 285 30 2,089 1,472 Tokaikolo ...... 2,934 2,254 469 126 81 4 1,339 369 Anglican...... 888 802 35 44 - 7 756 675 SDA ...... 2,446 1,800 311 152 154 29 715 513 AOG ...... 1,121 818 177 75 51 - 487 299 Tonga Konisituto...... 858 440 251 151 9 7 358 296 Gospel Church ...... 65 36 24 - 5 - 36 36 Bahai Faith ...... 619 399 143 35 37 5 197 118 Moslem...... 57 57 - - - - 23 15 Hindu ...... 87 86 1 - - - 84 76 Buddhist...... 18 17 1 - - - 17 15 Others...... 1,074 943 99 14 14 4 675 506 Refuse to answer...... 43 31 10 2 - - 28 27 None...... 250 179 45 17 3 6 151 126 Not reported...... ------

MARITAL STATUS

Male Tongans 15 yrs & over 48,663 32,990 7,944 4,069 2,590 1,070 15,115 10,625 Never married ...... 32,563 22,338 5,231 2,573 1,721 700 10,256 7,190 Married ...... 15,008 9,939 2,522 1,396 806 345 4,530 3,205 Widowed ...... 716 455 120 74 47 20 205 141 Divorced or separated . . . 374 257 70 26 16 5 123 88 Not stated...... 2 1 1 - - - 1 1

Female Tongans 15 yrs & over 47,357 32,581 7,555 4,006 2,277 938 15,221 10,913 Never married ...... 28,725 19,927 4,495 2,350 1,370 583 9,393 6,781 Married ...... 16,011 10,875 2,610 1,410 809 307 4,990 3,528 Widowed ...... 2,049 1,350 372 216 74 37 645 464 Divorced or separated . . . 572 429 78 30 24 11 193 140 Not stated...... ------______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 1-2. Birthplace and Usual Residence by Usual Residence, Tonga: 1996 [For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] ______³ Birthplace ³ Greater Usual residence Total Tongatapu Vava'u Ha'apai Eua Niuas³Nuku'alofa Nuku'alofa ______BIRTHPLACE

Total ...... 97,784 66,979 15,715 8,138 4,934 2,018 31,404 22,400 Tonga ...... 93,672 63,508 15,292 8,037 4,836 1,999 29,234 20,665 Tongatapu ...... 52,980 49,173 1,519 890 1,084 314 20,251 14,815 Vava'u...... 19,003 5,442 12,914 326 185 136 3,340 2,167 Ha'apai ...... 13,868 6,251 571 6,708 290 48 3,976 2,541 Eua ...... 4,518 1,248 90 66 3,063 51 788 553 Niuas ...... 3,303 1,394 198 47 214 1,450 879 589 Elsewhere ...... 4,112 3,471 423 101 98 19 2,170 1,735

Males ...... 49,615 33,753 8,055 4,109 2,624 1,074 15,712 11,118 Tonga ...... 47,458 31,933 7,832 4,053 2,577 1,063 14,588 10,216 Tongatapu ...... 26,938 25,014 715 466 578 165 10,188 7,375 Vava'u...... 9,687 2,632 6,741 132 113 69 1,682 1,088 Ha'apai ...... 6,865 3,016 257 3,403 163 26 1,911 1,227 Eua ...... 2,287 579 40 32 1,614 22 375 252 Niuas ...... 1,681 692 79 20 109 781 432 274 Elsewhere ...... 2,157 1,820 223 56 47 11 1,124 902

Females ...... 48,169 33,226 7,660 4,029 2,310 944 15,692 11,282 Tonga ...... 46,214 31,575 7,460 3,984 2,259 936 14,646 10,449 Tongatapu ...... 26,042 24,159 804 424 506 149 10,063 7,440 Vava'u...... 9,316 2,810 6,173 194 72 67 1,658 1,079 Ha'apai ...... 7,003 3,235 314 3,305 127 22 2,065 1,314 Eua ...... 2,231 669 50 34 1,449 29 413 301 Niuas ...... 1,622 702 119 27 105 669 447 315 Elsewhere ...... 1,955 1,651 200 45 51 8 1,046 833

USUAL RESIDENCE

Total ...... 97,784 66,979 15,715 8,138 4,934 2,018 31,404 22,400 Tonga ...... 96,390 65,870 15,514 8,087 4,908 2,011 30,710 21,800 Tongatapu ...... 65,059 64,014 386 367 259 33 29,639 21,078 Vava'u...... 15,900 771 14,995 93 27 14 420 281 Ha'apai ...... 8,324 637 69 7,592 20 6 387 260 Eua ...... 4,897 246 26 26 4,592 7 158 103 Niuas ...... 2,210 202 38 9 10 1,951 106 78 Elsewhere ...... 1,394 1,109 201 51 26 7 694 600

Males ...... 49,615 33,753 8,055 4,109 2,624 1,074 15,712 11,118 Tonga ...... 48,904 33,195 7,947 4,077 2,613 1,072 15,353 10,809 Tongatapu ...... 32,862 32,285 211 208 140 18 14,812 10,443 Vava'u...... 8,132 395 7,671 46 16 4 224 152 Ha'apai ...... 4,154 293 39 3,807 11 4 174 117 Eua ...... 2,588 122 11 13 2,439 3 87 54 Niuas ...... 1,168 100 15 3 7 1,043 56 43 Elsewhere ...... 711 558 108 32 11 2 359 309

Females ...... 48,169 33,226 7,660 4,029 2,310 944 15,692 11,282 Tonga ...... 47,486 32,675 7,567 4,010 2,295 939 15,357 10,991 Tongatapu ...... 32,197 31,729 175 159 119 15 14,827 10,635 Vava'u...... 7,768 376 7,324 47 11 10 196 129 Ha'apai ...... 4,170 344 30 3,785 9 2 213 143 Eua ...... 2,309 124 15 13 2,153 4 71 49 Niuas ...... 1,042 102 23 6 3 908 50 35 Elsewhere ...... 683 551 93 19 15 5 335 291 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 1-2. School Enrollment and Educational Attainment by Usual Residence, Tonga: 1996 [For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] ______School Enrollment and ³ Type of School ³ Greater Educational Attainment Total Tongatapu Vava'u Ha'apai Eua Niuas³Nuku'alofa Nuku'alofa ______SCHOOL ENROLLMENT

Persons 5 to 24 years. . . . 43,947 30,420 6,927 3,475 2,227 898 14,033 9,951 Primary school...... 19,493 12,796 3,272 1,862 1,075 488 5,806 4,081 Secondary or above...... 24,454 17,624 3,655 1,613 1,152 410 8,227 5,870 In school ...... 30,442 20,922 5,046 2,332 1,481 661 9,736 6,905 Primary school...... 16,390 10,751 2,865 1,496 869 409 4,891 3,448 Secondary or above...... 14,052 10,171 2,181 836 612 252 4,845 3,457 Not in school ...... 13,505 9,498 1,881 1,143 746 237 4,297 3,046 Primary school...... 3,103 2,045 407 366 206 79 915 633 Secondary or above...... 10,402 7,453 1,474 777 540 158 3,382 2,413

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Persons 25 years and over. . 38,718 26,017 6,400 3,460 2,006 835 12,220 8,720 No schooling...... ------Primary only...... 10,248 5,873 1,941 1,345 691 398 2,161 1,419 Secondary: Form 1 to 3...... 8,356 5,466 1,362 837 536 155 2,196 1,499 Secondary: Form 4 or 5...... 14,449 10,120 2,451 1,029 632 217 5,118 3,671 Secondary: Form 6 or 7...... 3,115 2,476 394 147 60 38 1,394 1,050 Tertiary...... 2,550 2,082 252 102 87 27 1,351 1,081 Unknown ...... ------Percent Form 4 or above . . . . . 51.9 56.4 48.4 36.9 38.8 33.8 64.3 66.5

QUALIFICATIONS

Persons 25 years and over. . 29,406 18,778 5,126 2,712 2,114 676 8,129 5,963 No qualification...... 3,439 1,376 1,159 347 308 249 276 164 Primary school...... 14,290 8,669 2,341 1,684 1,371 225 2,998 2,094 Lower leavers ...... 548 351 104 45 32 16 201 164 Tonga high learn...... 3,020 2,206 438 202 102 72 1,096 742 New Zealand certificate/Tongan. . 4,165 2,997 650 294 165 59 1,535 1,155 University entr/PSSC...... 1,324 1,080 159 34 30 21 645 532 Form 7 Certificate...... 134 113 12 2 6 1 90 73 Tertiary UGrad certificate. . . . 311 228 41 12 27 3 144 122 Tertiary UGrad diploma...... 1,330 1,008 173 65 58 26 602 487 Tertiary UGrad Degree ...... 689 608 42 23 14 2 430 340 Post graduate certificate . . . . 12 11 - - 1 - 6 6 Post graduate diploma ...... 14 14 - - - - 8 6 Post graduate masters ...... 104 95 6 1 - 2 82 65 Post graduate PhD ...... 23 19 1 3 - - 14 12 Others...... 3 3 - - - - 2 1 None of the above ...... ------Not stated...... ------

ENGLISH AND TONGAN LITERACY

Total 6 years and over . . . 80,198 54,767 12,969 6,704 4,083 1,675 25,502 18,164 Literate in English and Tongan. . 58,411 41,526 9,278 3,797 2,723 1,087 20,412 14,762 Literate in English only. . . . . 474 451 14 8 1 - 350 318 Literate in Tongan only . . . . . 20,133 11,974 3,484 2,807 1,315 553 4,373 2,785 Illiterate...... 1,173 810 192 92 44 35 362 294 Not requested ...... 7 6 1 - - - 5 5 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 1-2. School Enrollment and Educational Attainment by Usual Residence, Tonga: 1996 [For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] ______School Enrollment and ³ Type of School ³ Greater Educational Attainment Total Tongatapu Vava'u Ha'apai Eua Niuas³Nuku'alofa Nuku'alofa ______SCHOOL ENROLLMENT

Persons 5 to 24 years. . . . 21,092 14,712 3,243 1,671 1,024 442 6,875 4,929 Primary school...... 9,044 5,982 1,485 849 499 229 2,786 1,972 Secondary or above...... 12,048 8,730 1,758 822 525 213 4,089 2,957 In school ...... 14,715 10,201 2,383 1,091 718 322 4,815 3,449 Primary school...... 7,641 5,051 1,308 676 415 191 2,361 1,678 Secondary or above...... 7,074 5,150 1,075 415 303 131 2,454 1,771 Not in school ...... 6,377 4,511 860 580 306 120 2,060 1,480 Primary school...... 1,403 931 177 173 84 38 425 294 Secondary or above...... 4,974 3,580 683 407 222 82 1,635 1,186

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Females 25 years and over. . 19,834 13,473 3,247 1,778 956 380 6,390 4,595 No schooling...... ------Primary only...... 5,564 3,296 995 744 345 184 1,272 836 Secondary: Form 1 to 3...... 4,444 2,943 720 437 260 84 1,210 820 Secondary: Form 4 or 5...... 7,330 5,216 1,238 496 285 95 2,668 1,946 Secondary: Form 6 or 7...... 1,461 1,163 196 66 26 10 676 524 Tertiary...... 1,035 855 98 35 40 7 564 469 Unknown ...... ------Percent Form 4 or above . . . . . 49.5 53.7 47.2 33.6 36.7 29.5 61.2 64.0

QUALIFICATIONS

Females 25 years and over. . 11,004 6,799 1,958 1,112 867 268 3,029 2,271 No qualification...... 1,236 458 396 141 138 103 74 45 Primary school...... 4,929 2,732 849 704 557 87 884 621 Lower leavers ...... 178 116 35 14 8 5 68 53 Tonga high learn...... 1,160 813 186 90 44 27 399 270 New Zealand certificate/Tongan. . 1,814 1,299 309 115 59 32 709 537 University entr/PSSC...... 581 485 67 14 10 5 296 253 Form 7 Certificate...... 65 56 5 - 4 - 47 39 Tertiary UGrad certificate. . . . 131 97 16 7 11 - 63 52 Tertiary UGrad diploma...... 608 476 78 19 29 6 293 241 Tertiary UGrad Degree ...... 259 229 14 8 7 1 162 133 Post graduate certificate . . . . 3 3 - - - - 3 3 Post graduate diploma ...... 3 3 - - - - 1 1 Post graduate masters ...... 31 26 3 - - 2 26 20 Post graduate PhD ...... 5 5 - - - - 3 3 Others...... 1 1 - - - - 1 - None of the above ...... ------Not stated...... ------

ENGLISH AND TONGAN LITERACY

Total 6 years and over . . . 39,749 27,387 6,313 3,345 1,904 800 12,901 9,279 Literate in English and Tongan. . 29,076 20,788 4,594 1,864 1,298 532 10,269 7,522 Literate in English only. . . . . 249 240 7 2 - - 191 170 Literate in Tongan only . . . . . 9,899 6,000 1,631 1,431 590 247 2,278 1,455 Illiterate...... 523 357 81 48 16 21 161 130 Not requested ...... 2 2 - - - - 2 2 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 1-3. Economic Activity by Usual Residence, Tonga: 1996 [For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] ______³ Economic Activity ³ Greater Subsistence Total Tongatapu Vava'u Ha'apai Eua Niuas³Nuku'alofa Nuku'alofa ______Population 15+ years . 58,106 40,007 9,162 4,800 2,978 1,159 18,771 13,388 Economically active . . . . 33,908 22,309 5,681 2,989 2,207 722 10,059 7,292 Employed full/part time . 13,318 10,255 1,708 720 432 203 6,409 4,845 Mainly farm/fish/handicraft 9,037 5,020 1,740 1,052 1,001 224 928 555 Mainly housework. . . . . 6,974 3,444 1,673 931 680 246 751 535 Temporarily absent. . . . 77 59 5 9 1 3 41 28 Unemployed...... 4,502 3,531 555 277 93 46 1,930 1,329 Economically inactive . . . 24,198 17,698 3,481 1,811 771 437 8,712 6,096 Housework only...... 12,576 9,267 1,793 1,024 278 214 4,465 3,111 Student only...... 8,403 6,227 1,189 455 384 148 3,111 2,171 Retired ...... 2,512 1,763 380 241 67 61 931 683 Disabled/handicapped. . . 545 336 95 76 24 14 147 101 Other and not stated. . . 162 105 24 15 18 - 58 30

Females 15+ years. . . 29,284 20,335 4,559 2,468 1,374 548 9,649 6,942 Economically active . . . . 12,213 7,807 2,067 1,184 881 274 3,556 2,646 Employed full/part time . 4,721 3,799 569 188 125 40 2,388 1,849 Mainly farm/fish/handicraft 1,051 496 184 114 201 56 127 85 Mainly housework. . . . . 5,211 2,489 1,204 806 541 171 503 328 Temporarily absent. . . . 21 15 1 4 - 1 11 9 Unemployed...... 1,209 1,008 109 72 14 6 527 375 Economically inactive . . . 17,071 12,528 2,492 1,284 493 274 6,093 4,296 Housework only...... 11,312 8,335 1,658 887 264 168 3,965 2,776 Student only...... 4,206 3,123 590 231 188 74 1,569 1,115 Retired ...... 1,272 888 196 131 30 27 466 347 Disabled/handicapped. . . 246 154 41 35 11 5 71 47 Other and not stated. . . 35 28 7 - - - 22 11

SUBSISTENCE

Total 15 years and over 16,011 8,464 3,413 1,983 1,681 470 1,679 1,090 Own/family use/Never sell 9,024 5,246 1,790 921 809 258 1,114 723 Occasionally sell . . . . 5,761 2,599 1,305 839 815 203 419 270 Regularly sell...... 1,226 619 318 223 57 9 146 97 Farming and gardening . . . 8,870 5,059 1,904 764 914 229 839 569 Own/family use/Never sell 5,188 3,062 1,064 478 426 158 642 436 Occasionally sell . . . . 3,063 1,629 679 228 458 69 152 97 Regularly sell...... 619 368 161 58 30 2 45 36 Fishing ...... 940 456 131 304 35 14 225 116 Own/family use/Never sell 254 97 49 96 8 4 43 24 Occasionally sell . . . . 448 225 57 145 12 9 125 62 Regularly sell...... 238 134 25 63 15 1 57 30 Weaving ...... 6,190 2,938 1,378 915 732 227 609 399 Own/family use/Never sell 3,579 2,084 677 347 375 96 428 262 Occasionally sell . . . . 2,247 742 569 466 345 125 139 108 Regularly sell...... 364 112 132 102 12 6 42 29

Females 15 years and over 6,262 2,985 1,388 920 742 227 630 413 Own/family use/Never sell 3,625 2,112 684 353 380 96 439 272 Occasionally sell . . . . 2,274 758 574 466 350 126 146 112 Regularly sell...... 363 115 130 101 12 5 45 29 Farming and gardening . . . 93 52 19 7 12 3 19 13 Own/family use/Never sell 59 35 13 4 6 1 14 10 Occasionally sell . . . . 31 16 4 3 6 2 4 2 Regularly sell...... 3 1 2 - - - 1 1 Fishing ...... 33 17 9 4 3 - 6 1 Own/family use/Never sell 11 4 3 2 2 - - - Occasionally sell . . . . 12 5 5 1 1 - 2 1 Regularly sell...... 10 8 1 1 - - 4 - Weaving ...... 6,131 2,911 1,360 909 727 224 603 397 Own/family use/Never sell 3,552 2,070 668 347 372 95 424 261 Occasionally sell . . . . 2,230 736 565 462 343 124 139 108 Regularly sell...... 349 105 127 100 12 5 40 28 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 1-4. Occupation, Industry and Employment Status by Usual Residence, Tonga: 1996 [For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] ______Occupation ³ Industry ³ Greater Employment status Total Tongatapu Vava'u Ha'apai Eua Niuas³Nuku'alofa Nuku'alofa ______OCCUPATION

Employed 15+ years . . 29,406 18,778 5,126 2,712 2,114 676 8,129 5,963 Legis., Senior Off., Managers 536 400 63 40 16 17 296 243 Professionals ...... 2,136 1,560 280 156 92 48 954 714 Techn. & associated techs . 1,928 1,487 224 120 62 35 918 694 Clerks...... 2,278 1,818 266 94 66 34 1,087 837 Serv. work. & shop & Mark sales 1,925 1,519 287 68 37 14 949 727 Skilled Agr. & fishery workers 9,945 5,581 2,045 1,117 960 242 1,103 710 Craft & related trades workers 8,040 4,427 1,599 972 802 240 1,564 1,106 Plan & machine oper. & assembl 1,037 842 111 37 40 7 563 418 Elementary occupations. . . 1,296 920 234 64 39 39 572 425 Armed forces...... 285 224 17 44 - - 123 89

INDUSTRY

Employed 15+ years . . 29,406 18,778 5,126 2,712 2,114 676 8,129 5,963 Agriculture, hunt, forestry 8,886 5,102 1,885 757 912 230 864 590 Fishing ...... 1,067 524 142 354 33 14 261 142 Mining and quarrying. . . . 43 42 - - 1 - 32 25 Manufacturing ...... 6,710 3,378 1,437 924 741 230 955 696 Utilities ...... 504 362 79 32 27 4 214 166 Construction...... 500 412 53 4 31 - 232 170 Wholesale and retail trade. 1,960 1,585 252 50 49 24 1,027 787 Hotels and restaurants. . . 546 426 101 15 4 - 296 229 Transport, storage and comm. 1,209 1,008 124 38 33 6 775 583 Financial intemediation . . 536 438 61 16 14 7 302 243 Real estate, renting, business 121 111 6 3 - 1 80 63 Public admin. and defense . 3,701 2,784 449 255 120 93 1,716 1,270 Education ...... 1,721 1,175 276 147 86 37 584 404 Health and social work. . . 510 391 52 32 28 7 275 189 Other community social. . . 1,133 831 164 80 35 23 392 301 Private households with employ 187 149 34 4 - - 84 70 Extra-territorial organization 72 60 11 1 - - 40 35

EMPLOYMENT STATUS

Employed 15+ years . . 29,406 18,778 5,126 2,712 2,114 676 8,129 5,963 Own account worker. . . . . 7,603 3,690 1,709 1,088 893 223 858 560 Employer...... 149 131 11 5 1 1 89 71 Employee -- government. . . 5,209 3,781 698 371 221 138 2,313 1,702 Employee -- quasi-government 1,622 1,238 204 82 75 23 845 644 Employee -- private . . . . 5,593 4,511 686 248 117 31 2,822 2,180 Unpaid family worker. . . . 9,159 5,367 1,808 917 807 260 1,167 775 Others...... 71 60 10 1 - - 35 31 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 1-4. Occupation, Industry and Employment Status for Females by Usual Residence, Tonga: 1996 [For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] ______Occupation ³ Industry ³ Greater Employment status Total Tongatapu Vava'u Ha'apai Eua Niuas³Nuku'alofa Nuku'alofa ______OCCUPATION

Employed 15+ years . . 11,004 6,799 1,958 1,112 867 268 3,029 2,271 Legis., Senior Off., Managers 102 87 5 7 1 2 66 53 Professionals ...... 880 671 100 52 43 14 429 322 Techn. & associated techs . 908 725 103 50 23 7 451 338 Clerks...... 1,440 1,186 161 49 32 12 734 574 Serv. work. & shop & Mark sales 1,019 814 160 24 17 4 508 397 Skilled Agr. & fishery workers 97 60 17 10 8 2 22 13 Craft & related trades workers 6,274 3,021 1,379 913 735 226 673 457 Plan & machine oper. & assembl 37 33 1 1 1 1 18 16 Elementary occupations. . . 240 195 32 6 7 - 123 98 Armed forces...... 7 7 - - - - 5 3

INDUSTRY

Employed 15+ years . . 11,004 6,799 1,958 1,112 867 268 3,029 2,271 Agriculture, hunt, forestry 91 60 15 6 8 2 18 14 Fishing ...... 28 20 4 4 - - 9 4 Mining and quarrying. . . . 5 5 - - - - 3 3 Manufacturing ...... 6,290 3,037 1,380 911 736 226 699 485 Utilities ...... 97 78 11 3 4 1 38 31 Construction...... 15 15 - - - - 12 11 Wholesale and retail trade. 848 690 117 19 18 4 432 331 Hotels and restaurants. . . 307 232 61 12 2 - 159 127 Transport, storage and comm. 278 226 37 9 5 1 181 150 Financial intemediation . . 292 249 26 5 9 3 174 139 Real estate, renting, business 42 41 - 1 - - 27 21 Public admin. and defense . 945 799 76 33 26 11 511 385 Education ...... 965 678 152 80 39 16 354 254 Health and social work. . . 375 291 42 22 17 3 197 131 Other community social. . . 269 239 20 6 3 1 126 107 Private households with employ 113 101 12 - - - 63 53 Extra-territorial organization 44 38 5 1 - - 26 25

EMPLOYMENT STATUS

Employed 15+ years . . 11,004 6,799 1,958 1,112 867 268 3,029 2,271 Own account worker. . . . . 2,804 995 732 571 371 135 265 195 Employer...... 32 25 3 4 - - 17 14 Employee -- government. . . 1,887 1,442 235 100 78 32 889 652 Employee -- quasi-government 562 458 64 16 22 2 305 245 Employee -- private . . . . 1,978 1,671 221 67 17 2 1,058 836 Unpaid family worker. . . . 3,699 2,173 697 353 379 97 472 306 Others...... 42 35 6 1 - - 23 23 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Table 1-5. Fertility by Usual Residence, Tonga: 1996 [Females 15 to 49 years and over] ______³ ³ Greater Fertility Total Tongatapu Vava'u Ha'apai Eua Niuas³Nuku'alofa Nuku'alofa ______Women 15 to 19 years. . . 5,286 3,757 788 390 255 96 1,790 1,296 Children ever born ...... 154 117 21 8 5 3 47 29 per 1000 females. . . 29 31 27 21 20 31 26 22 Children surviving ...... 151 116 21 8 4 2 46 28 Percent surviving . . . . . 98.1 99.1 100.0 100.0 80.0 66.7 97.9 96.6 Children born last 12 months . 69 52 10 3 3 1 22 18 per 1000 females. . . 13 14 13 8 12 10 12 14

Women 20 to 24 years. . . 4,277 3,189 544 303 169 72 1,535 1,102 Children ever born ...... 1,907 1,376 259 156 81 35 607 412 per 1000 females. . . 446 431 476 515 479 486 395 374 Children surviving ...... 1,900 1,375 256 155 79 35 604 411 Percent surviving . . . . . 99.6 99.9 98.8 99.4 97.5 100.0 99.5 99.8 Children born last 12 months . 539 393 76 38 22 10 178 130 per 1000 females. . . 126 123 140 125 130 139 116 118

Women 25 to 29 years. . . 3,785 2,686 553 280 203 63 1,270 905 Children ever born ...... 5,646 4,009 769 447 312 109 1,803 1,251 per 1000 females. . . 1,492 1,493 1,391 1,596 1,537 1,730 1,420 1,382 Children surviving ...... 5,629 3,988 767 455 310 109 1,785 1,232 Percent surviving . . . . . 99.7 99.5 99.7 101.8 99.4 100.0 99.0 98.5 Children born last 12 months . 775 540 111 64 46 14 236 159 per 1000 females. . . 205 201 201 229 227 222 186 176

Women 30 to 34 years. . . 2,909 2,008 482 227 142 50 994 711 Children ever born ...... 7,898 5,337 1,393 615 404 149 2,490 1,757 per 1000 females. . . 2,715 2,658 2,890 2,709 2,845 2,980 2,505 2,471 Children surviving ...... 7,878 5,322 1,393 611 404 148 2,471 1,739 Percent surviving . . . . . 99.7 99.7 100.0 99.3 100.0 99.3 99.2 99.0 Children born last 12 months . 536 361 108 37 22 8 179 123 per 1000 females. . . 184 180 224 163 155 160 180 173

Women 35 to 39 years. . . 2,442 1,687 375 205 129 46 874 637 Children ever born ...... 9,469 6,432 1,514 823 499 201 3,095 2,252 per 1000 females. . . 3,878 3,813 4,037 4,015 3,868 4,370 3,541 3,535 Children surviving ...... 9,475 6,441 1,507 828 499 200 3,113 2,265 Percent surviving . . . . . 100.1 100.1 99.5 100.6 100.0 99.5 100.6 100.6 Children born last 12 months . 325 208 62 25 18 12 98 68 per 1000 females. . . 133 123 165 122 140 261 112 107

Women 40 to 44 years. . . 2,189 1,500 361 183 98 47 732 529 Children ever born ...... 10,238 6,899 1,752 868 479 240 3,187 2,226 per 1000 females. . . 4,677 4,599 4,853 4,743 4,888 5,106 4,354 4,208 Children surviving ...... 10,186 6,868 1,747 859 473 239 3,174 2,219 Percent surviving . . . . . 99.5 99.6 99.7 99.0 98.7 99.6 99.6 99.7 Children born last 12 months . 133 90 20 10 8 5 39 23 per 1000 females. . . 61 60 55 55 82 106 53 43

Women 45 to 49 years. . . 1,892 1,260 320 181 92 39 600 429 Children ever born ...... 9,273 6,091 1,644 809 522 207 2,754 1,931 per 1000 females. . . 4,901 4,834 5,138 4,470 5,674 5,308 4,590 4,501 Children surviving ...... 9,268 6,091 1,643 804 524 206 2,763 1,931 Percent surviving . . . . . 99.9 100.0 99.9 99.4 100.4 99.5 100.3 100.0 Children born last 12 months . 21 12 5 3 1 - 4 4 per 1000 females. . . 11 10 16 17 11 - 7 9

Total Fertility Rate. . . 3,665 3,555 4,070 3,595 3,785 4,490 3,330 3,200

______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Note: Total Fertility Rate is 5 times the sum of the Age Specific Rates for females aged 15 to 49. Note: TFRs shown here are unadjusted and might not agree with adjusted rates published elsewhere. Table 1-5. Fertility by Usual Residence, Tonga: 1996 [Females 15 to 49 years and over] ______³ ³ Greater Fertility Total Tongatapu Vava'u Ha'apai Eua Niuas³Nuku'alofa Nuku'alofa ______LAST BIRTH

Females 15 to 49. . . . . 22,780 16,087 3,423 1,769 1,088 413 7,795 5,609 Birth in last year ...... 2,388 1,647 392 179 120 50 747 519 Female ...... 1,176 809 193 98 55 21 379 262 Still alive...... 1,174 807 193 98 55 21 377 260 Male ...... 1,212 838 199 81 65 29 368 257 Still alive...... 1,211 837 199 81 65 29 367 257

AGE AT FIRST BIRTH

Females 15 to 49. . . . . 11,664 8,104 1,815 938 585 222 3,877 2,740 Less than 18 ...... 384 298 46 21 16 3 117 81 18 or 19 ...... 1,383 980 209 95 70 29 431 299 20 ...... 1,240 852 165 104 92 27 379 267 21 ...... 1,240 859 192 101 55 33 401 287 22 ...... 1,323 907 207 110 73 26 408 287 23 ...... 1,126 797 174 88 47 20 386 272 24 ...... 1,039 705 190 75 48 21 366 267 25 or 26 ...... 1,566 1,081 257 119 82 27 535 371 27 to 29 ...... 1,288 898 203 109 55 23 484 336 30 to 34 ...... 774 531 121 76 34 12 266 197 35 or more ...... 301 196 51 40 13 1 104 76

ORPHANHOOD

Father alive ...... 74,169 51,241 11,709 5,891 3,833 1,495 23,888 16,946 Father died...... 23,615 15,738 4,006 2,247 1,101 523 7,516 5,454

Mother alive ...... 79,415 54,721 12,702 6,403 3,969 1,620 25,650 18,285 Mother died...... 18,369 12,258 3,013 1,735 965 398 5,754 4,115 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census Note: Total Fertility Rate is 5 times the sum of the Age Specific Rates for females aged 15 to 49. Note: TFRs shown here are unadjusted and might not agree with adjusted rates published elsewhere. Table 1-2. Housing Characteristics by Usual Residence, Tonga: 1996 [For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] ______³ Housing ³ Greater Characteristics Total Tongatapu Vava'u Ha'apai Eua Niuas³Nuku'alofa Nuku'alofa ______Housing units ...... 16,219 10,810 2,733 1,474 821 381 5,082 3,670

HOUSE TYPE

Tongan, iron roof, thatch walls 365 209 83 38 22 13 74 29 Tongan, thatch roof,wood walls 504 319 91 38 37 19 128 69 Tongan, thatch roof and walls 1,112 610 202 152 81 67 242 151 European style, brick/cement 3,162 2,129 603 136 179 115 949 726 European style, wooden. . . 10,771 7,385 1,669 1,081 491 145 3,616 2,643 Other ...... 305 158 85 29 11 22 73 52

SOURCE OF WATER

Piped water ...... 13,725 10,330 1,904 669 612 210 13,725 13,725 Tank water...... 9,463 5,318 1,943 1,359 606 237 9,463 9,463 Well water...... 395 216 28 146 2 3 395 395 Other water ...... 175 97 56 6 9 7 175 175

TYPE OF LATRINE

Flush toilet...... 9,054 7,240 1,027 362 324 101 9,054 9,054 Manual toilet ...... 2,800 2,493 78 141 80 8 2,800 2,800 Pit toilet...... 5,803 1,879 2,049 1,097 484 294 5,803 5,803 No toilet ...... 93 50 17 6 11 9 93 93 Other type of toilet. . . . 53 41 7 3 2 - 53 53

ENERGY SOURCE OF LIGHTING

Electricity ...... 12,749 9,431 2,000 654 656 8 12,749 12,749 Generator ...... 361 161 61 105 7 27 361 361 Kerosene...... 5,893 3,105 1,095 980 356 357 5,893 5,893 Benzine ...... 675 284 127 155 22 87 675 675 Solar ...... 432 74 290 46 2 20 432 432 Other lighting...... 322 277 41 1 3 - 322 322

SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR COOKING

Electric cooking...... 1,729 1,324 262 66 75 2 1,729 1,729 Gas cooking ...... 8,846 7,001 995 517 293 40 8,846 8,846 Firewood cooking...... 11,959 7,390 2,226 1,240 737 366 11,959 11,959 Kerosene cooking...... 3,799 2,233 874 372 177 143 3,799 3,799 Other cooking ...... 87 70 12 4 - 1 87 87

HOUSEHOLD CHARCTERISTICS

Radio ...... 14,354 9,754 2,350 1,239 711 300 14,354 14,354 Bicycle ...... 5,682 4,290 470 552 211 159 5,682 5,682 Boat...... 1,045 514 272 210 19 30 1,045 1,045 Hot and cold water. . . . . 1,036 775 219 10 30 2 1,036 1,036 Shower...... 13,762 9,370 2,170 1,120 755 347 13,762 13,762 Vehicle ...... 5,713 4,571 756 178 177 31 5,713 5,713 Refrigerator...... 7,913 6,316 913 360 300 24 7,913 7,913 Television...... 6,629 6,006 391 49 174 9 6,629 6,629 Video ...... 5,943 4,674 727 304 215 23 5,943 5,943 Computer...... 331 303 23 2 2 1 331 331

Cattle...... 2,490 1,494 595 140 238 23 2,490 2,490 Horses...... 2,956 1,139 788 489 353 187 2,956 2,956 Pigs...... 12,868 8,015 2,449 1,315 740 349 12,868 12,868 Chickens...... 9,886 5,870 1,995 1,116 568 337 9,886 9,886 Goats ...... 1,636 690 343 392 147 64 1,636 1,636

CROPS

Crops (no pumpkins) . . . . 10,979 6,458 2,205 1,301 658 357 10,979 10,979 Squash only ...... 60 47 9 1 2 1 60 60 Squash and crops...... 1,165 999 84 1 81 - 1,165 1,165 No crops grown...... 4,015 3,306 435 171 80 23 4,015 4,015

HOUSE TENURE

Own house ...... 13,187 8,638 2,332 1,231 688 298 13,187 13,187 Rented...... 614 531 46 29 6 2 614 614 Rent free ...... 2,090 1,420 287 190 113 80 2,090 2,090 Other ...... 303 207 63 19 13 1 303 303 Institution ...... 25 14 5 5 1 - 25 25 Others...... ------

WASTE DISPOSAL

Burn...... 14,025 8,932 2,576 1,360 806 351 14,025 14,025 Bury...... 700 481 81 105 7 26 700 700 Lagoon/Ocean...... 122 102 17 - 2 1 122 122 Others...... 1,372 1,295 59 9 6 3 1,372 1,372 ______Source: 1996 Kingdom of Tonga Population and Housing Census