Supplementary Table 1: Father's Reading at Age 2 and Child Language and Literacy Outcomes

Supplementary Table 1: Father's Reading at Age 2 and Child Language and Literacy Outcomes

Supplementary Table 1: Father's reading at age 2 and child language and literacy outcomes at 4 years of age, interaction analyses with mothers home reading

Variable / Father’s home reading mean (SD) / Father reading and mother reading
Low / High / Interaction coef
(95% CI) / p
CELF (language)
Expressive / 95.4
(16.5) / 105.1
(14.4) / -4.1 (-11.1 to 2.9) / 0.3
Receptive / 91.9
(14.8) / 100.7
(13.8) / -4.5 (-11.0 to 1.9) / 0.2
SPAT (literacy)
Intra-syllabic / 6.8
(2.4) / 7.4
(2.4) / -0.1 (-1.2 to 1.0) / 0.9
Phonic Awareness / 5.4
(2.6) / 6.1
(2.8) / 0.1 (-1.1 to 1.4) / 0.8
Letter Awareness / 8.9
(9.1) / 10.6
(9.0) / -3.0 (-7.1 to 1.1) / 0.2

Supplementary Table 2: Mother’s reading at age 2 and child language and literacy outcomes at 4 years of age, with coefficients indicating benefits to child outcomes for high mother reading compared to the reference of low mother reading

Variable / Mother’s home reading mean (SD) / Model 1: Unadjusted / Model 2: Model 1 + socioeconomicdisadvantage / Model 3: Model 2 + father’s reading / Model 4: Model 3 + child vocabulary and communication at 2 years
Low / High / Coef
(95% CI) / R2 / p / Coef
(95% CI) / Partial R2 / p / Coef
(95% CI) / Partial R2 / p / Coef
(95% CI) / Partial R2 / p
CELF (language)
Expressive / 96.5 (16.8) / 104.3 (15.0) / 7.7
(4.7 to 10.8) / 5.4% / <0.001 / 7.3
(4.2 to 10.4) / 0.0489 / <0.001 / 3.1
(-0.4 to 6.6) / 0.0069 / 0.1 / 0.3
(-2.9 to 3.6) / 0.0001 / 0.8
Receptive / 93.0 (15.3) / 100.1 (14.1) / 7.2
(4.3 to 10.0) / 5.6% / <0.001 / 6.6
(3.7 to 9.4) / 0.0459 / <0.001 / 2.6
(-0.7 to 5.8) / 0.0055 / 0.1 / 0.5
(-2.6 to 3.7) / 0.0002 / 0.7
SPAT (literacy)
Intra-syllabic / 6.9 (2.2) / 7.3
(2.5) / 0.4
(-0.1 to 0.8) / 0.6% / 0.7 / 0.3
(-0.1 to 0.8) / 0.0044 / 0.2 / 0.1
(-0.5 to 0.6) / 0.0001 / 0.8 / -0.1
(-0.7 to 0.5) / 0.0004 / 0.7
Phonic Awareness / 5.3 (2.5) / 5.9
(2.9) / 0.6
(0.1 to 1.2) / 1.4% / 0.02 / 0.6
(0.1 to 1.1) / 0.0115 / 0.03 / 0.3
(-0.3 to 0.9) / 0.0025 / 0.9 / 0.1
(-0.6 to 0.7) / 0.0001 / 0.8
Letter Awareness / 9.2 (9.0) / 10.6 (9.1) / 1.4
(-0.4 to 3.2) / 0.6% / 0.1 / 1.3
(-0.4 to 3.1) / 0.0054 / 0.1 / 0.8
(-1.3 to 2.8) / 0.0013 / 0.7 / -0.1
(-2.3 to 2.1) / 0.0000 / 0.9

# R2 (unadjusted model) and partial R2refers to the unique contribution of mothers reading in each model on child language and literacy outcomes

Supplementary Table 3: Father’s reading at age 2 using continuous scores and child language and literacy outcomes at 4 years of age, with coefficients indicating benefits to child outcomes

Variable / Model 1: Unadjusted / Model 2: Model 1 + socioeconomicdisadvantage / Model 3: Model 2 + mother’s reading / Model 4: Model 3 + child vocabulary and communication at 2 years
Coef
(95% CI) / R2 / p / Coef
(95% CI) / Partial R2 / p / Coef
(95% CI) / Partial R2 / p / Coef
(95% CI) / Partial R2 / p
CELF (language)
Expressive / 1.4
(1.0 to 2.0) / 7.9% / <0.001 / 1.4
(0.9 to 1.9) / 6.9% / <0.001 / 0.8 (0.1 to 1.4) / 1.2% / 0.02 / 0.3
(-0.3 to 0.9) / 0.2% / 0.4
Receptive / 1.5
(1.0 to 2.0) / 9.4% / <0.001 / 1.4
(0.9 to 1.8) / 7.8% / <0.001 / 1.0 (0.4 to 1.6) / 2.5% / 0.001 / 0.7
(0.1 to 1.3) / 1.2% / 0.02
SPAT (literacy)
Intra-syllabic / 0.1
(0.0 to 0.2) / 2.0% / 0.004 / 0.1
(0.0 to 0.2) / 1.5% / 0.01 / 0.1 (-0.0 to 0.2) / 0.3% / 0.3 / 0.0
(-0.1 to 0.1) / 0.02% / 0.8
Phonic Awareness / 0.1
(0.0 to 0.2) / 2.0% / 0.004 / 0.1
(0.0 to 0.2) / 1.6% / 0.009 / 0.1 (-0.0 to 0.2) / 0.7% / 0.1 / 0.1
(-0.1 to 0.1) / 0.3% / 0.3
Letter Awareness / 0.3
(0.0 to 0.6) / 1.2% / 0.03 / 0.3
(0.0 to 0.6) / 1.0% / 0.04 / 0.1 (-0.2 to 0.5) / 0.1% / 0.4 / 0.0
(-0.4 to 0.4) / 0.01% / 0.9

# R2 (unadjusted model) and partial R2refers to the unique contribution of mothers reading in each model on child language and literacy outcomes

Supplementary Figure 1: Association between parenthome reading at 2 years and child language and literacy at 4 years, by social disadvantage

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