Physics, 4E (Walker/Gatch)

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Physics, 4e (Walker/Gatch)

Chapter 2 One-Dimensional Kinematics

2.1 Conceptual Questions

1) Two cars are traveling at the same speed and hit the brakes at the same time. One car has double the deceleration of the other. By what factor does the time required to stop that car compare with that for the other car?

Answer: It takes half as long to stop.

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-5 & 2-6

2) Two cars are traveling at the same speed and hit the brakes at the same time. One car has double the deceleration of the other. By what factor does the distance required to stop that car compare with that for the other car?

Answer: It takes half the distance to stop.

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-5 & 2-6

3) Car A is traveling at twice the speed of car B. They both hit the brakes at the same time and undergo identical decelerations. How does the time required for car A to stop compare with that for car B?

Answer: Car A takes twice as long to stop.

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-5 & 2-6

4) Car A is traveling at twice the speed of car B. They both hit the brakes at the same time and undergo identical decelerations. How does the distance required for car A to stop compare with that for car B?

Answer: It takes four times the distance to stop.

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-5 & 2-6

5) A stone is thrown straight up. What is its acceleration on the way up?

Answer: 9.8 m/s2 downward

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-7

6) A stone is thrown straight up. What is its acceleration on the way down?

Answer: 9.8 m/s2 downward

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-7

7) A stone is thrown straight up. What is its acceleration at the highest point?

Answer: 9.8 m/s2 downward

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-7

8) It is possible to have a zero acceleration, and still be moving.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-4

9) When the velocity and acceleration of an object have the same sign, the speed of the object increases.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-4

10) When the velocity and acceleration of an object have opposite signs, the speed of the object increases.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-4

11) The average velocity of a car traveling with a constant acceleration during a certain time interval is equal to the mean of the velocities at the beginning and end of that time interval.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-5 & 2-6

12) Free fall is the motion of an object subject only to the influence of gravity.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-7

13) An object is in free fall as soon as it is released, whether it is dropped from rest, thrown downward, or thrown upward.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-7

14) An object thrown downward does not experience free fall.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-7

15) An object thrown upward experiences free fall.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-7

16) Suppose that an object travels from one point in space to another. Make a comparison between the displacement and the distance traveled.

A) The displacement is either greater than or equal to the distance traveled.

B) The displacement is always equal to the distance traveled.

C) The displacement is either less than or equal to the distance traveled.

D) The displacement can be either greater than, smaller than, or equal to the distance traveled.

E) If the displacement is equal to zero, then the distance traveled will also equal zero.

Answer: C

Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-1

17) Which statement below about the distance between the starting and ending positions and the displacement between the starting and ending positions is correct?

A) The distance between the starting and ending positions is twice the magnitude of the displacement between the starting and ending positions.

B) The distance between the starting and ending positions is equal to the magnitude of the displacement between the starting and ending positions.

C) The distance between the starting and ending positions is the negative of the magnitude of the displacement between the starting and ending positions.

D) The distance between the starting and ending positions is greater than the magnitude of the displacement between the starting and ending positions.

E) The distance between the starting and ending positions is less than the magnitude of the displacement between the starting and ending positions.

Answer: B

Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-1

18) You drive 6.00 km at 50.0 km/h and then another 6.00 km at 90.0 km/h. Your average speed over the 12.0 km drive will be

A) greater than 70.0 km/h.

B) equal to 70.0 km/h.

C) less than 70.0 km/h.

D) exactly 38.0 km/h.

E) cannot be determined from the information given, must also know directions traveled

Answer: C

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-2

19) The slope of a line connecting two points on a position versus time graph gives

A) displacement.

B) instantaneous velocity.

C) average velocity.

D) instantaneous acceleration.

E) average acceleration.

Answer: C

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-2

20) Which statement is correct about the relationship between the average speed and the magnitude of the average velocity for any motion?

A) The average speed is always one-half the magnitude of the average velocity.

B) The average speed is always greater than or equal to the magnitude of the average velocity.

C) The average speed can be less than, greater than or equal to the magnitude of the average velocity.

D) The average speed is always less than or equal to the magnitude of the average velocity.

E) The average speed is always equal to the magnitude of the average velocity.

Answer: B

Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-2

21) The slope of a tangent line at a given time value on a position versus time graph gives

A) displacement.

B) instantaneous velocity.

C) average velocity.

D) instantaneous acceleration.

E) average acceleration

Answer: B

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-3

22) When is the average velocity of an object equal to the instantaneous velocity?

A) always

B) never

C) only when the velocity is constant

D) only when the velocity is increasing at a constant rate

E) only when the velocity is decreasing at a constant rate

Answer: C

Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-3

23) Which statement is correct about the relationship between the instantaneous speed and the magnitude of the instantaneous velocity?

A) The average speed can be less than, greater than or equal to the magnitude of the average velocity.

B) The instantaneous speed is always equal to the magnitude of the instantaneous velocity.

C) The average speed is always less than or equal to the magnitude of the average velocity.

D) The instantaneous speed is always greater than or equal to the magnitude of the instantaneous velocity.

E) The average speed is always one-half the magnitude of the average velocity.

Answer: B

Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-3

24) Suppose that an object is moving with a constant velocity. Make a statement concerning its acceleration.

A) The acceleration must be constantly increasing.

B) The acceleration must be constantly decreasing.

C) The acceleration must be a constant non-zero value.

D) The acceleration must be equal to zero.

E) A statement cannot be made without additional information.

Answer: D

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-4

25) At a given instant, the acceleration of a certain particle is zero. This means that

A) the velocity is constant.

B) the velocity is increasing.

C) the velocity is decreasing.

D) the velocity is not changing at that instant.

E) the velocity is zero.

Answer: D

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-4

26) The slope of a line connecting two points on a velocity versus time graph gives

A) displacement.

B) instantaneous velocity.

C) average velocity.

D) instantaneous acceleration.

E) average acceleration.

Answer: E

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-4

27) The slope of a tangent line at a given time value on a velocity versus time graph gives

A) displacement.

B) instantaneous velocity.

C) average velocity.

D) instantaneous acceleration.

E) average acceleration.

Answer: D

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-4

28) Suppose that an object is moving with constant acceleration. Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning its motion?

A) In equal times its speed changes by equal amounts.

B) In equal times its velocity changes by equal amounts.

C) In equal times it moves equal distances.

D) The object is not moving; it is at rest.

E) A statement cannot be made without additional information.

Answer: B

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-4

29) During the time that the acceleration of a particle is constant, its velocity-vs.-time curve is

A) a straight line.

B) a parabola opening downward.

C) a parabola opening upward.

D) a parabola opening toward the left.

E) a parabola opening toward the right.

Answer: A

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-4

FIGURE 2-1

30) The motion of a particle is described in the velocity vs. time graph shown in Figure 2-1. We can say that its speed

A) increases.

B) decreases.

C) increases and then decreases.

D) decreases and then increases.

E) remains constant.

Answer: A

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-4

31) Suppose that a car traveling to the East (+x direction) begins to slow down as it approaches a traffic light. Make a statement concerning its acceleration.

A) The car is decelerating, and its acceleration is positive.

B) The car is decelerating, and its acceleration is negative.

C) The acceleration is zero.

D) A statement cannot be made using the information given.

Answer: B

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-4

32) Suppose that a car traveling to the West (-x direction) begins to slow down as it approaches a traffic light. Make a statement concerning its acceleration.

A) The car is decelerating, and its acceleration is positive.

B) The car is decelerating, and its acceleration is negative.

C) The acceleration is zero.

D) A statement cannot be made using the information given.

Answer: A

Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-4

33) An object is moving with constant non-zero velocity in the +x-axis. The position versus time graph of this object is

A) a horizontal straight line.

B) a vertical straight line.

C) a straight line making an angle with the time axis.

D) a parabolic curve.

E) a hyperbolic curve.

Answer: C

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-5

34) An object is moving with constant non-zero acceleration in the +x-axis. The position versus time graph of this object is

A) a horizontal straight line.

B) a vertical straight line.

C) a straight line making an angle with the time axis.

D) a parabolic curve.

E) a hyperbolic curve.

Answer: D

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-5

35) An object is moving with constant non-zero velocity in the +x-axis. The velocity versus time graph of this object is

A) a horizontal straight line.

B) a vertical straight line.

C) a straight line making an angle with the time axis.

D) a parabolic curve.

E) a hyperbolic curve.

Answer: A

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-5

36) An object is moving with constant non-zero acceleration in the +x-axis. The velocity versus time graph of this object is

A) a horizontal straight line.

B) a vertical straight line.

C) a straight line making an angle with the time axis.

D) a parabolic curve.

E) a hyperbolic curve.

Answer: C

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-5

37) If the position versus time graph of an object is a horizontal line, the object is

A) moving with constant non-zero speed.

B) moving with constant non-zero acceleration.

C) at rest.

D) moving with infinite speed.

E) none of the above

Answer: C

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-5

38) If the velocity versus time graph of an object is a horizontal line, the object is

A) moving with constant non-zero speed.

B) moving with constant non-zero acceleration.

C) at rest.

D) moving with infinite speed.

E) none of the above

Answer: A

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-5

39) If the velocity versus time graph of an object is a straight line making an angle of 30 degrees with the time axis, the object is

A) moving with constant non-zero speed.

B) moving with constant non-zero acceleration.

C) at rest.

D) moving with infinite speed.

E) none of the above

Answer: B

Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 2-5

40) The area under a curve in a velocity versus time graph gives

A) distance traveled.

B) displacement.

C) speed.

D) velocity.

E) acceleration.

Answer: B