THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PASSING AND REPEAL OF THE PROHIBITION OF ALCOHOL AND THE PASSING OF PROHIBITION OF MARIJUANA AND THE MOVEMENT TO LEGALIZE MARIJUANA By Timothy Hawes A Project Presented to The Faculty of Humboldt State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Business Administration Committee Membership Dr. Hari Singh; Committee Chair Dr. Michelle Lane, Committee Member Dr. David Sleeth-Keppler, Graduate Coordinator July 2015 Abstract THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PASSING AND REPEAL OF THE PROHIBITION OF ALCOHOL AND THE PASSING OF PROHIBITION OF MARIJUANA AND THE MOVEMENT TO LEGALIZE MARIJUANA Timothy Hawes The purpose of this paper is to examine two Legislative social actions; one being prohibition of alcohol and the other being the prohibition of marijuana to see how they relate or differ. It focuses on the history of both alcohol and marijuana. It examines the key players involved in each movement and how each was brought to life. The paper examines how black markets were created in each movement, how violence and crime played a role, how both movements were acts of congress, how there were shifts in the public’s opinion, how they affected arrests, how the use of fear was used, how lies were used in favor of passing prohibition laws, how the movements affected consumption, and how racism was used to get the laws passed in both instances. It then ends with recommendations as to the many questions America will face once it is legalized. ii Acknowledgements I want to thank my mother father and brother. Thank You!!! I want to thank HSU professor Dr. Michelle Lane for the help and encouragement. Thank You!!! iii Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ iii List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... vi List of Figures ................................................................................................................... vii Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 The History of Alcohol Prohibition .................................................................................... 3 1650-1750 The First Hundred Years .............................................................................. 3 1750-1825 Temperance Stirrings .................................................................................... 4 1825-1870 The Pledge .................................................................................................... 7 1870-1913 Toward a National Conscience ..................................................................... 9 1913-1933: National Prohibition .................................................................................. 11 The History of Marijuana .................................................................................................. 15 Reasons Marijuana Is Illegal ......................................................................................... 17 Discussion of The Parallels ............................................................................................... 30 Black Markets ............................................................................................................... 31 Violence and Crime ...................................................................................................... 35 Acts of Congress ........................................................................................................... 38 Shifts in Public Opinion ................................................................................................ 39 Arrests ........................................................................................................................... 40 Use of Fear .................................................................................................................... 42 Lies ................................................................................................................................ 43 iv Consumption Effects ..................................................................................................... 44 Racism .......................................................................................................................... 45 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 47 References ......................................................................................................................... 51 Appendix ........................................................................................................................... 53 v List of Tables Table 1 "Prohibition Parallels" ......................................................................................... 30 Table 2 "U.S. and Mexico Drug Homicides" ................................................................... 36 Table 3 "California State Prison Overpopulation Statistics" ............................................ 41 vi List of Figures Figure 1 “The Puritans” www.endtimepilgrim.org (End Time Pilgrim) ........................... 3 Figure 2 “John Wesley”anglicanhistory.org (Project Canterbury; Bringing Anglican History Online) ................................................................................................................... 4 Figure 3 “Alexander Hamilton” www.pbs.org (PBS) ........................................................ 5 Figure 4 “Cotton Mather” travelphotobase.com (Travel Photo Base World Image Collection)........................................................................................................................... 6 Figure 5 “Theobald Matthew” www.npg.org.uk (National Portrait Gallery) .................... 7 Figure 6 “Temperance Pledge” ruthcrisler.wordpress.com (Spot Check) .......................... 8 Figure 7 “Anti Alcohol Propaganda” www.westervillelibrary.org (Westerville Public Library) ............................................................................................................................. 10 Figure 8 “DuPont” prn.fm (Progressive Radio Network) ................................................. 11 Figure 9 “Booze Pouring” en.wikipedia.org (Wikipedia online Encyclopedia) ............... 12 Figure 10 “Bugsy Siegel www.people.com (People Magazine Online) ........................... 13 Figure 11 “Prohibition Ends at Last” imgarcade.com(Gallery for End Prohibition Posters” ............................................................................................................................. 14 Figure 12 “Hemp Rope” www.animatedknots.com (Animated Knots by Grog) ............ 15 Figure 13 "Reasons Marijuana Is Illegal" www.debate.org (Debate.Org) ....................... 18 Figure 14 “Assassins of Youth” www.marijuanaplanet.us (Marijuana Planet) ................ 19 Figure 15 “Marijuana Makes You Crazy”all-that-is-interesting.com (All That Is Interesting) ........................................................................................................................ 20 Figure 16 “Henry Anslinger” “www.drugwarrant.com (Drug War Rant) ........................ 22 Figure 17 “William Randolph Hearst”inkwellbookstore.blogspot.com (The Inkwell Bookstore Blog) ................................................................................................................ 23 Figure 18 “Ford” fleetowner.com (Fleet Owner) ............................................................. 24 vii Figure 19”General Motors” www.10tv.com (Central Ohio News Leader ....................... 24 Figure 20 “Reefer Madness” www.amazon.co.uk (Amazon) ........................................... 25 Figure 21 “Marijuana Tax Stamp” en.wikipedia.org (Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia .. 26 Figure 22 “Richard Nixon” www.rai.ox.ac.uk (Rothermere American Institute) ............ 28 Figure 23 Purple is legal, light green is legal medical, medium green is decriminalized, and dark green is both legal medical and decriminalized (Photo : Wikimedia Commons/Theshibboleth) Since this Graphic was produced Oregon and Alaska are now legal, and Washington D.C. is legal .................................................................................. 29 Figure 24 “In Compliance” www.heartlandbrewery.com (Heartland Brewery) ............. 31 Figure 25 “Al Capone” godfather.wikia.com (The Godfather Wiki) ............................... 32 Figure 26 “Cartel Routes” thevelvetrocket.com (The Velvet Rocket) ............................. 33 Figure 29 "St. Valentine's Day Massacre" en.wikipedia.org (Wiki Online Encyclopedia) ........................................................................................................................................... 35 Figure 31 "The Cartel" www.mientrastantoenmexico.mx (Mientras Tanto En Mexico) . 37 Figure 30 "Disappearances" www.tucsonsentinel.com (Tuscon Sentinel) ....................... 37 Figure 32 "Work This Out" www.funnyjunk.com (FJ Weed vs. Alcohol) ...................... 40 Figure 33 "Anti-Marijuana Propaganda Poster all-that-is-interesting.com (All That Is Interesting) .......................................................................................................................