THE FORESTS OF THE CONGO BASIN State of the Forest 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of contributors 5 Acronyms 9 Preface 15 Introduction 17 paRT 1 THE CENTRAL AFRICAN FORESTS : REGIONAL SYNTHESIS OF MONITORING INDICATORS Chapter 1 : Central African forest cover and cover change mapping 23 Chapter 2 : Forest management and the timber sector in Central Africa 43 Chapter 3 : Biodiversity in Central African forests: An overview of knowledge, main challenges and conservation measures 63 paRT 2 IMpacT OF THE INFORMAL SECTORS ON FOREST MANAGEMENT IN CENTRAL AFRica Chapter 4 : An appraisal of chainsaw milling in the Congo Basin 97 Chapter 5 : Contribution of woodfuel to meet the energy needs of the population of Central Africa: prospects for sustainable management of available resources 109 Chapter 6 : The role of wildlife for food security in Central Africa: a threat to biodiversity? 123 Chapter 7 : Non-timber forest products: contribution to national economy and strategies for sustainable management 137 paRT 3 CURRENT CHALLENGES FaciNG FOREST MANAGEMENT IN CENTRAL AFRica Chapter 8 : International negotiations on the future climate regime beyond 2012: achievements from Copenhagen to Cancún and benefits to the forests of the Congo Basin 157 Chapter 9 : 2008-2009 Economic crisis and its impact on the forestry sector in central Africa 171 paRT 4 LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT Chapter 10 : Protected area management in CBFP landscapes: taking stock 185 Chapter 11 : Forest zoning experience in Central Africa 207 Bibliography 233 Annexes 249 3 4 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Coordination Bélanger Lyna - WRI de Wasseige Carlos - OFAC * Billand Alain - CIRAD (France) Boesch Christophe - Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Text review and revision Anthropology Boundzanga Georges Claver - CNIAF (Congo) * Bedoret Brigitte Bouyer Olivier - ONFI de Marcken Paya - WWF Carr-Dirick Brigitte - FTNS de Wasseige Carlos - OFAC * Cerutti Paolo Omar - CIFOR Desclée Baudouin - JRC Creighton Ken - WWF Bayol Nicolas - FRM (France) * de Wasseige Carlos - OFAC * Translation Defourny Pierre - UCL (Belgium) Delhage Celine - UCL (Belgium) Clarke Susan Demarquez Benoît - TEREA * Lebeau Christine d'Huart Jean-Pierre - Conservation Consultancy Service SPRL d'Huart Jacqueline Dirou Sophie - TEREA (Gabon) * Heuse Emmanuel - BTC Drigo Rudi - FAO Map design Dupain Jef - AWF Eba'a Atyi Richard - CIFOR * Wala Alphonse - OFAC Ernst Céline - UCL (Belgium) de Wasseige Carlos - OFAC * Fargeot Christian - CIRAD (France) Page design and setting Fisher Jean-François - WRI Fomete Thimothée - FTNS Peter Lasu Fataki Fondjo Thomas - CAWHFI/UNESCO de Wasseige Carlos - OFAC * Guay Bruno - REDD National Coordination (DRC) Bedoret Brigitte Hamel Olivier - CIRAD (France) Scientific committee Hansen Matthew - SDSU (United States) * Heuse Emmanuel - BTC Michel Baudouin - ERAIFT/UNESCO Hubert Didier - PARPAF (CAR) Lumbuenamo Raymond - WWF * Hugel Bruno - REDD National Coordination (DRC) Mankoto Samy - UNESCO Ingram Verina - CIFOR Methot Pierre - WRI Junker Jessica - Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Delvingt Willy - ATIBT Anthropology Tsagué Louis - EFG (Cameroon) * Kanu Mbizi Léon - REDD National Coordination (DRC) Justice Chris - UMD (United States) Karsenty Alain - CIRAD (France) Lejoly Jean - ULB (Belgium) Kasulu Vincent - DRC Climate Focal Point Kirchgatter Johannes - NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Authors Kühl Hjalman - Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Abernethy Katharine - Stirling University Anthropology Angu Kenneth - IUCN Kümpel Noëlle F. - ZSL Assembe Samuel - CIFOR (Central Africa) Lanata Francesca - National Botanical Garden (Belgium) Bassaler Nathalie - Futuribles Languy Marc - AGRECO GEIE Bayol Nicolas - FRM (France) * Legault Faustin - PAPPFG (Gabon) Beck P. James - USFS (United States) * Leprohon Robert - MECNT (DRC) 5 Lescuyer Guillaume - CIFOR/CIRAD * Bararwandika Astère Lusenge Thierry - WWF Battini Jean-Luc - CIRAD (Central Africa) * Maïdou Hervé - PARPAF (CAR) * Begoto Grégoire - PARPAF (CAR) * Makoloh François - WWF Bonassidi Grégoire - DFAP/MEF (Congo) * Malele Sébastien - DIAF/MECNT (DRC) Daraste Gérard - KfW (Cameroon) * Mankoto Samy - UNESCO Davies Diane - UMD (United States) Marien Jean-Noël - CIRAD (France) Delvingt Willy - ATIBT Mayaux Philippe - JRC Desclée Baudouin - JRC Mendoula Essiane Edouard - CIFOR (Central Africa) * Dubois Grégoire - JRC Methot Pierre - WRI Dupanloup Jacques - GFBC (Cameroon) * Michel Baudouin - ERAIFT / UNESCO Edjang Jose Rafael - MFA (Equatorial Guinea) Midoko Iponga Donald - IRET Edjang Nsue - MFA, COMIFAC (Equatorial Guinea) * Milliken Tom - WWF Esono Fidel - MFA (Equatorial Guinea) * Möbius Yasmin - Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Essiben Yvette Claude - CPR/CEFDHAC (Cameroon) * Anthropology Flynn John - CARPE-USAID (United States) * Nackoney Janet - UMD (United States) Fouth Danièle - GIZ (Cameroon) * Nakoé Gaston - CDF (CAR) * Haman Adama - MINFOF (Cameroon) * Nasi Robert - CIFOR Hart Terese - Consultant Nchoutpouen Chouaibou - COMIFAC Executive Secretariat Hiol Hiol François - OFAC * Ndong Obiang Anne-Marie - ANPN ( Gabon) Ibara Marcel - WRI (Congo) * Ndoye Ousseynou - Regional Project NTFP/FAO * Justice Chris - UMD (United States) Nkoua Méthode - CRDPI Kamdem Toham André - WWF-CARPO (Cameroon) * Noiraud Jean-Marie - JMN Consultant Ko Jason - USFS (Cameroon) * Pasquier Alexandra - FRM (France) Kondjo Shoko André - DIAF/MECNT (DRC) * Pélissier Cyril - WWF Koy Kondjo Héritier Pénelon Alain - CIRAD Makak Jean-Sylvestre - WRI (Gabon) Pérodeau Bruno - WWF Makon Samuel - GIZ (Germany) Raondry Noëline - ERAIFT Marelli Andrea - JRC Ringuet Stéphane - University of Copenhague, TRAFFIC Mbitikon Raymond - COMIFAC Executive Secretariat * Rossi Xavier - FRM (France) Mendomo Biang Jean-Daniel - MINFOF (Cameroon) * Saatchi Sassan - NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Mertens Benoit - IRD - France Salbitano Fabio - University of Florence (Italy) Moulnang Tal - MERH-COMIFAC (Chad) * Schure Jolien - CIFOR (Central Africa) * Mukongo Rémy - ATO (Gabon) Shapiro Aurélie C. - WWF Musampa Christophe - DIAF/MECNT (DRC) * Sidle John G. - USFS (United States) Mwamba Philomène - DGF (DRC) * Steil Matthew - WRI Nana Céline - COMIFAC Executive Secretariat * Tadoum Martin - COMIFAC Executive Secretariat * Ncogo Motogo Roberto Tchamou Nicodème - CARPE * Ndjebet Cécile - Cameroon Ecology NGO (Cameroon) * Tieguhong Chupezi Julius - FAO (Cameroon) * Ndomba Ngoye Raymond - MEF- COMIFAC (Gabon) * van Vliet Nathalie - University of Copenhague, TRAFFIC Neba Shu Gidéon - WRI (Cameroon) * Verhegghen Astrid - UCL (Belgium) Ngandjui Germain - TRAFFIC (Central Africa) * Vivien Catherine - FRM (France) Ngengabanyikwa Félix - MEEATU-COMIFAC (Burundi) * Njifakue Isaac - IMCS (Cameroon) * Other contributors Nkolo Martial - GIZ (Cameroon) * Altstatt Alice - UMD (United States) Nkoumakali Bruno - MEF/ DGEF (Gabon) * Bakanseka Jean - Marie - OFAC * Ntsame Célestine - ITTO (Gabon) * 6 Nyare Nathalie - AGRECO Consultant (Gabon) * Nzala Donatien - MEF/DGEF-COMIFAC (Congo) * Ouissika Chérubin Brice - MEF/CNIAF/MDDEFE (Congo) * Pokem Dany - CBFP Facilitation * Sahmo Calvin - Cameroon Ecology NGO (Cameroon) * Saracco Filippo - EU Schauerte Peter - GIZ (Cameroon) * Schorlemer Dietmar - GIZ (Cameroon) * Sepulchre Frédéric Sionneau Jean-Michel - ECOFAC Tchuante Tite Valerie - COMIFAC Executive Secretariat * Tunguni Jacques - DIAF/MECNT (DRC) - COMIFAC * Usongo Léonard - WWF * Wala Alphonse - OFAC Yalibanda Yves - MEFCP (CAR) - COMIFAC * *participant of the validation meeting of the SOF 2010 held in Douala the 29th and 30th March 2011 7 8 ACRONYMS AAC Annual cutting range CBFF Congo Basin Forest Fund ACP Africa, Caribbean and Pacific CBFP Congo Basin Forest Partnership ADF African Development Forum CBG Compagnie des Bois du Gabon ADIE International Agency for the Development of CBNRM Community Based Natural Resource Man- Environmental Information agement AED African Elephant Database CdC Cadres de Concertation AETFAT Association for the Taxonomic Study of the CDF Centre des Données forestières Flora of Tropical Africa CDM Clean Development Mechanism AFD French Development Agency CEB Compagnie Équatoriale des Bois AfDB African Development Bank CEFDHAC Conference on Central African Moist Forest AfESG African Elephant Specialist Group Ecosystems AFREF African Geodetic Reference Frame CEI Centre d’Échange d’Informations ANDEGE Amigos de la Naturaleza y el Desarrollo de CFA Communauté financière d’Afrique Guinea Ecuatorial CFAD Forest Concession under Sustainable Man- ANPN National Parks Agency agement ANU Australian National University CI Conservation International AOSIS Alliance of Small Island States CIB Congolaise industrielle des Bois API Aménagement Pilote intégré CIFOR Center for International Forestry Research ATIBT Association technique internationale des Bois CIRAD Centre de Coopération internationale en tropicaux Recherche agronomique pour le Développe- ATO African Timber Organization ment AWF African Wildlife Foundation CITES Convention on International Trade in En- dangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora AWG-KP Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Com- mitments for Annex I Parties under the CNIAF Centre national d’Inventaire et Kyoto Protocol d’Aménagement des Ressources forestières et fauniques AWG-LCA Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Co- operative Action under the Convention CNPZF Comité national de Pilotage du Zonage forestier BASIC Brazil, South Africa, India and China CoC Chain of Custody BDEAC Central African States Development Bank COMIFAC Central African Forests Commission