REPORT RESU M E S ED 018 707 AC 002 033 AUSTRALIAN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION CONFERENCE, 1962, REVIEWS, PAPERS, AND REPORTS. COMMONWEALTH SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RES. ORGAN. PUB DATE FEB 63 EDRS PRICE MF -$1.50 HC- $14.92 371P. DESCRIPTORS- *RURAL EXTENSION, *AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION, *PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION, *PROGRAM PLANNING, *EDUCATIONAL METHODS, DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMS, CASE STUDIES (EDUCATION), FARM MANAGEMENT, MASS MEDIA, HISTORICAL REVIEWS, EXTENSION AGENTS, COMPARATIVE EDUCATION, CONSULTANTS, GROUP INSTRUCTION, PROGRAM EVALUATION, RESEARCH, CLUBS, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION, AUSTRALIA, NEW GUINE:ip UNITED STATES, EUROPE, NEWZEALAND, IN THIS REPORT OF AN AUSTRALIAN TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION, EMPHASIS IS PLACED ON CASE STUDIES AND RESEARCH APPLICABLE TO PROFESSIONAL EXTENSION WORK, INCLUDING FARMER CONTACTS AND SUCH SUPPORTING ACTIVITIES AS LIAISON WORK AND COURSE WORK IN THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES. THE FIRST SECTION DESCRIBES SERVICES IN EACH STATE AND IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY, NEW GUINEA, AND NEW ZEALAND. THE NEXT THREE SECTIONS COVER COMPARTIVE EXTENSION IN AUSTRALIA, EUROPE, AND THE UNITED STATES, SPECIAL PROBLEMS RELATING TO AUSTRALIAN PASTORAL AND OTHER INDUSTRIES, AND THE WORK AND PROBLEMS OF DISTRICT ADVISORS. THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF COMMERCIAL FIRMS AND PRIVATE ADVISORY SERVICES (INCLUDING FARM MANAGEMENT CLUBS) IN FARM MANAGEMENT EXTENSION ARE DOCUMENTED IN THE FIFTH SECTION. OTHER SECTIONS DEAL WITH PROGRAM PLANNING, GROUP METHODS AND DEMONSTRATIONS, TELEVISION AND OTHER MASS MEDIA. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXTENSION AND REGULATORY SERVICES AND RESEARCH EXTENSION LIAISON, RESEARCH IN COMMUNICATIONS, ADULT LEARNING, DECISION MAKING, AND PROGRAM EVALUATION, ASPECTS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING (HIGHER EDUCATION, INSERVICE TRAINING, INTERNATIONAL AID), AND POSTCONFERENCE. REPORTS BY OVERSEAS VISITORS AND ORGANIZING COMMITTEES. ALSO INCLUDED ARE FOUR FIGURES, 35 TABLES, AND NUMEROUS REFERENCES. (LY) U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS SEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION Nov POSITION OR POLICY. ao c AustralianAgricultural LAU Extension Conference 1962 REVIEWS, PAPERS, AND REPORTS Australian Agricultural Extension Conference 1962 REVIEWS, PAPERS, AND REPORTS COMMONWEALTH SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATION MELBOURNE 1963 Table of Contents PAGE Foreword.. 1 Organizing Committee 3 Opening Address H. J. HYNES 4 Section 1. Agricultural Extension Services List of Papers 7 Agricultural Extension Services in New South Wales . 7 Agricultural Extension Services in Victoria.. 16 Agricultural Extension Services in Queensland .. .. 30 Agricultural Extension Services in South Aus- tralia .. 37 Agricultural Extension Services in Western Aus- tralia .. 44 Agricultural Extension Services in Tasmania.. .. 58 History and DevelopmentofAgricultural Extension in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea . .. 66 Agricultural and Pastoral Extension Services in the Northern Territory .. 74 Commonwealth Financial Assistance forState Extension Services .. .. 80 C.S.I.R.O., Agricultural Research Liaison Section .. 86 Agricultural Extension in New Zealand . 91 iii ,',^,1, PAGE Section II. Comparative Extension List of Papers .. 100 Review R. N. FARQUHAR 100 A Comparative Extension Study in the North Atlantic Area J. M. A. PENDERS 103 Comparative Agricultural Extension . R. N. FARQUHAR 114 Extension Work with Rural Women . NANCY M. FOSKETT 123 Section III A. Special Problems of Extension in Pastoraland Other Industries List of Papers . 128 Review A. J. VASEY 128 Problems of Extension inthe Beef Pastoral W. F. MAWSON & Industry in Queensland D. N. SUTHERLAND 133 Barley Harvest Damage Programme in South Australia.. F. B. PEARSON 137 Rabbit Control A New Approach Needed to an Old Problem B. V. FENNESSY 140 Extension and the Research Worker inthe Northern Part of the Western Division of New South Wales R. D. B. WHALLEY 143 Extension Services in the Arid-scrub Zone of Western Australia.. D. G. WILCOX 147 Section III B. Case Studies of the Work andProblems of District Advisers Lip z of Papers .. .. 150 Review .. W. B. MILLER 150 Work and Methods of a District Farm Adviser in the Cereal and Sheep Areas of Western Australia .. T. E. MCDOWELL 154 Work and Methods of a District Agricultural Adviser .. W. M. JOHNS 157 iv PAGE Section IV A. Farm Management Extension, Role and Significanceof Commercial Firms and Private Advisory Services Including Farm Manage- ment Clubs List of Papers .. 162 Review H. P. SCHAPPER 163 Farm Management Clubs H. P. SCHAPPER 165 Farm Management Extension in New South Wales P. C. DRUCE 171 Method of Development of a Farm Improve- ment Programme as Applied to anAdvisory Service in the Wagga area .. H. HASSALL 174 Experience of a Departmental Officer now in Private Practice .. J. P. MAKEHAM 178 Private Enterprise Advisory Services in Tasmania D. BERRY 182 Section IV B. Relationship Between Extension and RegulatoryServices and Research-Extension Liaison List of Papers 188 Review B. 0. FRENCH 188 Getting Research Results to Extension Workers S. L. MACINDOE 192 Some Aspects of C.S.I.R.O. State Liaison . D. B. WILLIAMS 195 Extension Services for Weed Control in South Australia . A. F. TIDEMAN 199 Section V. Programme Planning List of Papers . 203 Review J. N. POTTER 203 Extension Programme Development A. H. MAUNDER 206 State Extension Programme Planning in Tasmania C. A. HOLLAND 218 The'Development'PhaseofanExtension K. M. SILLCOCK & Programme K. E. FLYNN 221 PAGE Section VI. Group Methods and Demonstrations List of Papers ..225 Review P. C. ANGOVE 226 Group Extension in the North Coast Agricultural Region with Particular Reference to the Agricul- tural Bureau Movement S. R. BALLARD 229 The Group Approach to Soil Conservation as an H. S. PINK & Extension Medium.. M. H. ROBERTS 232 To Achieve the Potential of Short-term Schools A. D. MEARS 235 Small Informal Field Days . R. J. FLYNN 238 Direct Extension from a Research Project --- Serrated Tussock Case History M. H. CAMPBELL 240 Section VII. Mass Media List of Papers ..244 Review .. C. WEBB 245 The Effective Role of Mass Media in Agricultural Extension Education HADLEY READ 248 Mass Media isit an Empty Cartridge in a High-powered Gun? A. E. ENGEL 257 Special Industry Publications .. G. W. GAYFORD, K. M. SILLCOCK, G. MATTINGLEY, & D. M. FLYNN 260 Country Television An Opportunity and Chal- C. WEBB & lenge to Extension Workers.. J. P. BRIEN 262 The Use of Mass Media to Support Extension Education in Illinois HADLEY READ 266 Section VIII. Research in Supporting Disciplines and ExtensionEvaluation List of Papers 275 vi PAGE Review .. K. 0. CAMPBELL 275 The Relation of the Assimilation of New Informa- tion to Increasing Age M. A. JEEVES 279 The Mechanism of the Mass Communication Media in Agricultural Extension The Current Rationale from the Behavioral Sciences J. P. BRIEN 291 Farm Decision-making and its Implications for Agricultural Extension K. 0. CAMPBELL 296 Agricultural Economics and the Development of Extension Work in Australia.. A. H. ROWE 300 Fundamental Issues in Evaluating Extension.. J. P. BRIEN 305 Section IX. Developing a Profession of AgriculturalExtension List of Papers ..309 Review .. C. A. HOLLAND 309 Some Essential Elements in the Development of an Effective ExtensionService A. H. MAUNDER 312 Post-graduate Course in Extension Education.. JOAN TULLY 320 Extension as a University Discipline.. A. H. HUGHES 325 Training in Extension Service Methods (New South Wales), . H. PARRY BROWN 328 Defining the Objectives of Agricultural Extension The Effects on Training and Responsibilities of Individual Extension Officers J. C. AVERY 331 Factors inthe Effective Training of Foreign Students in Extension Organization and Methods C. W. WINDERS 335 Chairman's Closing Remarks D. B. WILLIAMS 339 Post-Conference Reports Report of the Overseas Visitors ..343 Report of the Organizi ng Committee ..355 vii FOREWORD The Australian Agricultural ExtensionConference held at Hawkesbury Agricultural College from August 12 to 17, 1962, wasorganized under the auspices of the Standing Committee on Agriculture of theAustralian Agricultural Council.It was one of a seriesof technical conferences organized by C.S.I.R.O. onbehalf of the Agricultural Council to enable specialistsin different scientific disciplines to exchange information about research resultsand discuss progress in each field of knowledge. A detailed statement of thebackground and aims of the Conference was recorded in the firstConference Circular, in the following terms: Backgrcund for Conference 1.Increasing consciousness of the problem basic to extension the varying time taken to adopt different research results 2. Recognition of the need to exchange experience on interstateand interorganizational bases 3.Recognition of the need to develop further the profession of extension, todefine qualities needed in extension workers, and to train extension workers accordingly Aims of Conference 1. To review the existing situation, methods, gaps in our knowledge, andproblems of agricultural extension 2. To encourage the exchange of information between extension agenciesand between extension workers 3. To contribute to the development of the profession of agricultural extensionwith a view to improving current extension practice The Conference was attended by delegates from State governmentextension services, universities,