Universal Forum of Cultures - Barcelona 2004 6 - 8 September 2004 Barcelona, Spain New Ignorances, New Literacies Learning to Live Together in a Globalizing World United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization www.unesco.org This work is the result of the conference “New Ignorances, New Literacies: Learning to Live Together in a Globalizing World” (6 to 8 September 2004). It was directed by Jean-Yves Le Saux, Senior Programme Planning Officer, Bureau of Strategic Planning, UNESCO. In the organization of the event, he was assisted by a team from the Bureau of Strategic Planning of UNESCO, including Aurore Salinas, Tina Boverman, Daniel Laqua and Lluis Claret. Edited by Daniel Laqua and Aurore Salinas Bureau of Strategic Planning, UNESCO Director: Hans d’Orville The authors are responsible for the choice and the presentation of the facts contained in this book and for the opinions expressed therein, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Published in 2005 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 7, place de Fontenoy 75352 Paris 07 SP France Inside Photographs by © Forum Barcelona 2004/Miquel González Image Cover Designed by Syllepse Printed by Graphic Eclair 180, boulevard de l’Europe 93370 Montfermeil © UNESCO 2005 (BSP-2005/WS/6) Printed in France 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD KOÏCHIRO MATSUURA, Director-General, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) PREFACE JOAN CLOS, Mayor of Barcelona PASQUAL MARAGALL, President of the Generalitat of Catalonia 4 16-45 INTRODUCTION KOÏCHIRO MATSUURA, PP.18-21 Director-General, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) NOUZHA CHEKROUNI, PP.22-25 Minister-Delegate in Charge of Moroccans Living Abroad, Kingdom of Morocco SALVADOR ORDOÑEZ DELGADO, PP.26-29 Secretary of State for Higher Education and Research Kingdom of Spain VALDAS ADAMKUS, PP.30-33 President of the Republic of Lithuania ABDOULAYE WADE, PP.34-41 President of the Republic of Senegal HER ROYAL HIGHNESS INFANTA DOÑA ELENA, PP.42-45 Kingdom of Spain 46-69 I. GUIDO DE MARCO (MALTA), PP.48-51 CLASH OF former President of the Republic of Malta CIVILIZATIONS OR CLASH OF MOHAMMED ARKOUN (ALGERIA), PP.52-61 IGNORANCES? Emeritus Professor of the History of Islamic Thought, Université Sorbonne Nouvelle, Paris III JIRI DIENSTBIER (CZECH REPUBLIC), PP.62-65 Former Foreign Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia; former Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Bosnia Herzegovina, Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia HISANORI ISOMURA (JAPAN), PP.66-69 Former President of the Maison de la Culture du Japon in Paris 5 70-85 II. JEAN BAUBÉROT (FRANCE), PP.72-75 OUR COMMON Professor of the History and Sociology of HISTORY: Secularism and former President of the École Pratique des Hautes Etudes GLOBALIZATION AND MEMORY FARHAN NIZAMI (INDIA), PP.76-81 Founding Director of the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies MIGUEL ANGEL ARANAZ IBARRA (SPAIN), PP.82-85 Mayor of Gernika-Lumo 86-111 III. OMER ZÜLFÜ LIVANELI (TURKEY), PP.88-91 OUR CREATIVE Musician, Writer and UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador DIFFERENCES: LEARNING TO LIVE ADAMA SAMASSÉKOU (MALI), PP.92-101 TOGETHER President of the African Academy THROUGH ARTS of Languages and Former Minister AND LANGUAGES of Education of Mali OLE HENRIK MAGGA (NORWAY), PP.102-105 Chairman of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues and Professor of Saami Linguistics STEVE SEIDEL (UNITED STATES OF AMERICA), PP.106-111 Director of “Project Zero” at the Harvard Graduate School of Education 6 112-135 IV. HÉCTOR GROS ESPIELL (URUGUAY), PP.114-119 TOWARDS NEW Professor Emeritus at the University AND RE-EMERGING of the Republic and former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Uruguay FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION? HUMAN RIGHTS FATOUMATA DEMBELE DIARRA (MALI), PP.120-127 LITERACY FOR Judge at the International Criminal Court THE TWENTY-FIRST in The Hague CENTURY VITIT MUNTARBHORN (THAILAND), PP.128-135 Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and Professor of Law at Chulalongkorn University 136-165 V. WOLFGANG HÖPKEN (GERMANY), PP.138-145 LEARNING TO LIVE Director of the Georg Eckert Institute for TOGETHER: International Textbook Research FIGHTING STEREO- TYPES FROM TOH SWEE-HIN (AUSTRALIA), PP.146-159 TEXTBOOKS TO Director of the Multi-Faith Center at THE INTERNET Griffith University, Queensland, Australia CHARLOTTE COLE (UNITED STATES OF AMERICA), PP.160-165 Vice-President for International Research at the Sesame Workshop 7 166-187 VI. ASHOK KHOSLA (INDIA), PP.168-173 DOES DEVELOP- President of the Development Alternatives Group MENT IGNORE THE FUTURE? EDWARD S. AYENSU (GHANA), PP.174-177 EDUCATING FOR Chairman of Ghana’s Council for Scientific and SUSTAINABLE Industrial Research (CSIR) and President DEVELOPMENT of the Pan-African Union for Science and Technology ARJUN SENGUPTA (INDIA), PP.178-183 Chairman of the Centre for Development and Human Rights in New Delhi CHRISTIANA THORPE (SIERRA LEONE), PP.184-187 Founding Chairperson of the Sierra Leone Chapter of the Forum of African Women Educationalists (FAWE) 188-203 VII. THÉRÈSE LAFERRIÈRE (CANADA), PP.190-195 TOWARDS A Professor at the Teaching and Learning Department GLOBAL LEARNING of the Université Laval VILLAGE? MEDIA, NEW TECHNOLO- MANUEL JOAQUIM DA SILVA PINTO (PORTUGAL), PP.196-199 GIES AND THE Associate Professor in Communication Science CHALLENGES OF at the Universidade do Minho PLURALISM AND CULTURAL REZA DEGHATI (IRAN), PP.200-203 DIVERSITY Photojournalist and President of the Association Aïna 8 204-235 VIII. MARGARET SOMERVILLE (CANADA), PP.206-213 ETHICS OF Founding Director of the Centre for Medicine, SCIENCE: WHAT Ethics and Law at McGill University in Montreal SCIENCE FOR WHAT SOCIETY? ALPHONSE ELUNGU (DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO), PP.214-221 Professor of Philosophy at Kinshasa University and Member of the International Bioethics Committee of UNESCO LEONARDO DE CASTRO (PHILIPPINES), PP.222-227 Programme Director of the Bioethics Training Project at the University of the Philippines GERMÁN VELÁSQUEZ (COLOMBIA), PP.228-235 Coordinator of the Drug Action Programme, Essential Drugs and Medicines Policy of the World Health Organization (WHO) 236-255 IX. ALEXANDER BORAINE (SOUTH AFRICA), PP.238-245 CONFLICT Chairman of the Board of the International Center for Transitional Justice PREVENTION, and former Vice-Chair of the South African Truth RESOLUTION AND and Reconciliation Commission RECONCILIATION: CAN WE ALL GET ALONG? SALOMÓN LERNER FEBRES (PERU), PP.246-251 Former Chairman of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Peru LUIS EDUARDO GARZÓN (COLOMBIA), PP.252-255 Mayor of Bogotá Chapter of the Forum of African Women Educationalists (FAWE) 9 257-267 X. The Universal Forum of Cultures – Barcelona 2004 PP.258-259 ANNEXES Dialogue “New Ignorances, New Literacies: PP.260-265 Learning to live together in a Globalizing World” Background Information Companion Events to the Dialogue PP.266-267 10 FOREWORD Globalization has given rise not only to new forms of exchange and understanding but also to the emer- gence of disturbing forms of ignorance, or their re-emergence in a new context. In the last decade, the world has experienced new forms of wars and conflicts and has been confronted with radically new threats. Their complex origins have highlighted the increasing relevance of and necessity for multifaceted prevention, based on a sound understanding of these new challenges and on the importance of universal shared values (such as human rights), ethics, the protection of cultural diversity and the commitment to sustainable deve- lopment. Thus, conflict prevention and the reduction of threats are not only a political question, nor are they simply a development issue: they are also a challenge to cultural and educational systems. Today, therefore, it is vital to examine ways of responding effectively to these new threats, which are closely related to the emer- gence of “new ignorances”. To this end, we must identify “new literacies” – namely, the knowledge, values and competencies necessary to meet the challenges of this new century. As a key contribution to the “Universal Forum of Cultures – Barcelona 2004”, UNESCO organized, from 6 to 8 September 2004, an interdisciplinary conference entitled “New Ignorances, New Literacies: Learning to Live Together in a Globalizing World”. For nearly five months, the Forum provided visitors from all over the world with the opportunity to engage in intercultural dialogue and to celebrate the diversity of cultural and intellectual expression. From 8 May to 29 September 2004, it became a meeting-place for political decision- makers and representatives of the international community and civil society. Offering a wide selection of conferences, workshops, performances and exhibitions, the Forum focused on the three key themes of cultural diversity, sustainable development and the conditions for peace. UNESCO is proud to have acted as the main partner of the “Forum Barcelona 2004”, whose range of activities and topics reflected the concerns of the Organization.