International Symposium on Understanding the Double Burden of Malnutrition for Effective Interventions Contribution ID: 172 Type: Poster Association between adiposity measures and metabolic risk factors among Chinese toddlers Objectives: Growth during the first 1000 days (from conception to 2 years of age) has long-lasting effects on metabolic health in later life. However, data are scanty concerning the association of adiposity with metabolic risk factors in toddlers. This study aimed to examine the associations between adiposity measures and metabolic risk factors (blood glucose/insulin, serum lipids, and blood pressure) among boys and girls at age 2 years. Methods: This study examined 573 children (aged 23.9±0.7 months; 51.1% boys) born in 2012-2013, Shanghai, China. We took adiposity measurements including weight, height, skinfold thicknesses (triceps, subscapular and abdominal), and assessed metabolic risk factors including serum glucose, insulin, and lipids (high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol, triglyceride and blood pressure). We used linear regression to evaluate the associations between adiposity measures and metabolic risk factors. Results: At age 2 years, 3.14% and 0.87% of infants were overweight and obese, 0.52% wasted and 1.05% stunted, respectively. Overweight/obesity was associated with 12 mmHg higher systolic blood pressure (SBP, 95%CI: 8, 16 mmHg), 7 mmHg higher diastolic blood pressure (DBP, 95%CI: 4, 10 mmHg), There were no associations between weight-for-length z score/overweight and serum glucose and lipids levels. Girls had higher skinfold thicknesses at all the three sites (triceps, subscapular and abdominal), higher serum LDL, and lower BMI and blood glucose than boys. There was no sex difference in serum insulin, other lipids, or blood pressure. Conclusion: In this study, we confirmed sex difference in adiposity measures in children at age 2 years.Over- weight/obesity may be associated with higher blood pressure even in infancy. Further independent cohort studies are needed to confirm the findings. Institution Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Country China Primary author: Prof. OUYANG, Fengxiu (Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chil- dren’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China) Co-authors: Mr ZHANG, Guang-Hui (Department of Clinical Laboratory Test, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China); Mr DU, Kun (Department of Clinical Laboratory Test, Xin- hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China); Dr SHEN, Lixiao (Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China); Ms TANG, Ning (Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab- oratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China); Ms WANG, Xia (Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environ- mental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China); Prof. LUO, Zhong-Cheng (Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China) Presenter: Prof. OUYANG, Fengxiu (Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Envi- ronmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China) Session Classification: Poster Session 6 Track Classification: Biology.