·-~ · HIGINBOTHAM & CO., Chemist. & Druggiato, LETHBRIDGE, N. W. T. "ALBERTA'S PIONEER DRUGGISTS" I J.D. HIGINBOTHAM & CO.uMITEo WHOLESALE AND RETAIL CHEMISTS AND DRUGGISTS LETHBRIDGE.ALBERTA. CANADA. RHUBARB AND SODA MIXTURE WITH PEPSIN AND NUX. One Teaspoonful in Water Before Meals. OIL EUCALYPTUS The volatile oil from the leaves of ~ Bed Bug Poison Eucalyptus globulus Labill · Antiseptic and expectorant. DIRECTIONS.-Apply the Poison with a feather or brush to all infested places. Dcse---5to 30minims(U.3 to 2 Cc.) j-:-rJ:ITTGINBOTHAM & CO. J. D. HIGINB_OTHAM & CO., LIMITED I I holesale and Retail Chemists Chemists, Druggists & Stationers and Druggists I LETHBRIOOE, ALBERTA. ~· Alberta • Canada b L-~~~-.- ---._,...,-=-~'1!1'117-.,,..:.-:-i..-'-f' ......... National library Bibliotheque nationale ..... of Canada du Canada Canada LETH BRIDGE ITS MEDICAL DOCTORS DENTISTS DRUG STORES By Dr. Alex Johnston John E. Stokes Irma Dogterom Dr. J. A. (Jack} Sherman Carlton R. Stewart - Editor/Coordinator Printed and bound in Canada By Graphcom Printers Ltd. Occasional Paper No. 24 Published by the 1£.et4brihgt l!iistnrical ~nci.ety P.O. Box 974 Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4A2 Produced with the facilities of The George and Jessie Watson Memorial Computer Centre Sir Alexander Galt Museum Lethbridge, Alberta The cover - (see inside back cover for identifications) •2 Copyright © 1991 by the City of Lethbridge. Crown copyright reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Main entry under title Lethbridge: Its Medical Doctors - Dentists - Drug Stores (Occasional Paper: No. 24) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-895379-02-4 1. Medical personnel--Alberta--Lethbridge--History 2. Physicians--Alberta--Lethbridge--History 3. Dentists--Alberta--Lethbridge--History 4. Drug Stores--Alberta--Lethbridge--History I. Johnston, A. (Alex) 1920-1989 II. Stewart, Carlton Ross, 1937- 111. Lethbridge Historical Society IV. Series: Occasional paper (Lethbridge Historical Society); No. 24 R463.L48L48 1991 610.69'09712345 C91-091479-6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: A publication such as this does not just fall together, it for photocopies of older copies of the yellow pages. Terry takes a spark to get it going, Alex Johnston was that spark Thom of MicroAge Computers attempted to recover some as he had been for many of the 20 odd publications of lost information on a couple of our discs, and ultimately this Society. Jack Stokes' endless knowledge of the Doctors used his equipment to scan and convert hard copy to text, and Druggists in Lethbridge through his life's work, must a considerable help to this effort. Rex Little varified dates be acknowledged, and his efforts to compile their names and personages associated with the Campbell Clinic. for us. Irma Dogterom, staff and other volunteers at the Patricia Marshall and a museum volunteer, Joan Nebelski, Galt Archives and Museum must be thanked for their gathered the Archive photos. David Dowey and D. Tracy efforts and willing cooperation. Barbara Stewart read a Anderson proofread the printer's proofs, correcting earlier rough draft, checking for duplication, errors, and general errors as well as printer's errors. information. Dr. Maurice Marshall who had practiced radiology in our city beginning in the fifties had taken an The George and Jessie Watson Memorial Computer Centre interest in his fellow professionals as well. Recently his at the Galt Museum should not go unrecognized either. name was supplied to us. He willingly provided us with The Watson family graciously provided funding for this additional names of doctors who had practiced in facility, without which, it would have been more difficult Lethbridge, particularly those who provided professional if not impossible for we lay persons to compile projects services at the Hospitals, doctors that normally would not like this. be listed in public information listings such as the Members of the Lethbridge Historical Society Book Henderson Directory, or in the yellow pages of our Publications Committee: Ralph Erdman, D. Tracy Anderson, telephone books. He also read our manuscripts advising Greg Ellis, Irma Dogterom and Carlton R. Stewart, us from an insider's viewpoint, as did Dr. Hugh Arnold. Chairperson. Other executive members of the Society: Greg Ellis, City Archivist researched the photos in the Galt President Douglas Card, Treasurer David Dowey, Past Vice Archives and worked side by side with Alex throughout President Jean Johnstone, Vice Pres., George Kush, the early stages. Councillors: Ann Anderson, Beatrice Hales, Kathleen Miller, Katherine Jaster of AGT quickly responded to our request Robert Shore, Patricia Marshall, Amelia Coupland. 2 Contents: Page Lethbridge Medical Doctors 5 Nineteenth Century Medicine 5 Early Medical Doctors 5 Lethbridge's First 'Physician' Dr. Herbert Percy Byers 7 A Novel Operation 9 Dr. Walter Stuart Galbraith 9 Lethbridge's Hospitals 10 The Lethbridge Nursing Mission 13 Letter From The First President 13 Founder and First President 15 Miss Tilley Resigns After 30 Years of Service 15 The End of the Story 16 Smallpox 17 Typhoid Epidemic of 1916 in Lethbridge 18 The 1918 Influenza Pandemic in Lethbridge 19 Care of the Aged in Lethbridge 20 Homes for the Aged 20 Lethbridge Nursing Homes 22 Rehabilitation Centres 22 The Galt Rehabilitation Centre 22 Apartments, Manors and Towers for the Aged 22 Physicians listed in Alphabetical Order 23 Physicians listed by Year of Practice in Lethbridge 41 Lethbridge Dentists 43 A Short History of Dentistry 43 Lethbridge and District Dental Association 47 Dentists in Alphabetical Order 48 Lethbridge Druggists and Drug Stores 57 Introduction 58 John David Higinbotham 59 Egerton, Joesph Robert Walton: Alberta's First Independent Druggist 59 Staff Sergeant William Godfrey Cleveland 62 Andrew Charles Anderson, CM 63 Reprehensible Zeal 63 Pharmacy 63 Pharmaceutical Education 64 Alberta Pharmaceutical Association 64 Druggist Council Arranges Program 64 Lethbridge Alberta 'The Wickedest City in the Wickedest Province' 65 The New Reality 66 Indigenous Peoples 66 Earth-Medicine 66 Hunt for Herbal Cure for Aids 67 The Demise of A Species 67 Just What the Witch-Doctor Ordered 67 Twenty Thousand Drugs Under the Sea 68 Today's Drug Store Customer Isn't Embarrassed Any More 68 Standard Reference for Lethbridge Pharmacies 69 Selected Memories 69 Chronology of Lethbridge Drug Stores 70 Index 77 3 INTRODUCTION: A great deal of the information used in this publication was filed in the Lethbridge Historical Society office at the Galt Museum & Archives. It had been researched, collected and compiled for the most part by the late Dr. Alex Johnston, Executive Director of the Lethbridge Historical Society. Like many other writers, Alex had an extensive collection of bits of information on many, many, subjects that held his wide spectrum of interests. Alex, along with Jack E. Stokes worked extensively on listings of Medical Doctors and the Drug Stores I Pharmacies in our City. The Henderson Directories, telephone books and other such sources were used to compile these listings, and stories related to Alex by his many acquaintances over the years, became the basis for further research on his part resulting in the many short stories herein regarding the medical community of Lethbridge. Alex and Jack had produced 'photocopied versions' of the Druggists and another on Physicians, but these were not widely distributed. When the Book Publication Committee of the Lethbridge Historical Society decided to produce the manuscripts into a more suitable format, we decided to combine the two volumes and to include information on Den­ tists as well. Jack Stokes compiled a listing of the Dentists, and Irma Dogterom took on the task of compiling short biographies on each, adding to Jack's listings wherever she could. 4 LETHBRIDGE: MEDICAL DOCTORS 1883 - 1990 Alex Johnston and jack E. Stokes NINETEENTH CENTURY MEDICINE EARLY MEDICAL DOCTORS In the nineteenth century mainline medicine was by Dr. Alex Johnston more like astrology than science, favoring remedies that Until the formation of the College of Physicians and have been summarized as ''blistering, puking, purging, Surgeons of the North-West Territories of Canada in 1886, leeching, cupping, bleeding, and administering poisonous anyone could hang out a shingle and proclaim himself to doses of mercury and arsenic.'' The age swarmed with be a medical doctor. Many did, among them no less a pseudoscientific claims now known to be absurd. Many personage than "Dr." John Christian Schultz, who became believed in mesmerism (a kind of hypnosis founded by lieutenant-governor of Manitoba. [Outright phonies and Franz Mesmer, a German occultist), phrenology (reading confidence men were rare although Lethbridge had one the bumps on one's head), psychography (a blend of as late as November-December 1899 in the person of "Dr." mesmerism, phrenology, and extra-sensory perception or J. H. Patterson.] ESP), hydropathy (treatments involving water - wet 1\vo Doctors were part of the contingent of N.W.M.P. sheets, baths, enemas, douches, and water dripping on that headed west in 1874. They were Dr. John G. Kittson ailing parts), electric therapy (electricity was newly who graduated from McGill in 1869 and Dr. Richard discovered, mysterious and thought