Transferring knowledge about sex and gender: Dutch case studies Jeannette van der Sanden ISBN: 978-94-6103-005-4 © Jeannette van der Sanden, 2010 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in an information or retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author: Jeannette van der Sanden, Citadellaan 77B, 5212 VB ’s-Hertogenbsoch, the Netherlands. Niets uit deze uitgave mag worden verveelvoudigd en/of openbaar gemaakt door middel van druk, fotokopie, microfilm, elektronische media of welke andere wijze ook zonder voorafgaande schriftelijke toestemming van de auteur: Jeannette van der Sanden, Citadellaan 77B, 5212 VB ’s-Hertogenbsoch, Nederland. Transferring knowledge about sex and gender: Dutch case studies Het overdragen van kennis over sekse en gender: Nederlandse case studies (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof.dr. J.C. Stoof, ingevolge het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op vrijdag 25 juni 2010 des middags te 2.30 uur door Jeannette Adriana Theodora Judith Maria van der Sanden geboren op 17 november 1969 te Drunen Promotoren: Prof.dr. M.L. Waaldijk Prof.dr. M.M.T. Verloo Co-promotor: Dr. A. Pető Contents Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... ix Chapter 1 The Women’s Studies knowledge gap..................................................... 1 1.1 Problem definition: Women’s Studies knowledge gap............................................ 1 1.2 Theoretical relevance................................................................................................... 2 1.3 The production of knowledge about sex and gender in Women’s Studies.......... 3 1.4 Societal relevance....................................................................................................... 10 1.5 Conclusions ................................................................................................................. 21 Chapter 2 Theoretical framework................................................................................ 23 2.1 Social Studies of Knowledge..................................................................................... 23 2.2 Knowledge Utilisation................................................................................................. 27 2.3 Feminist Science Studies .......................................................................................... 32 2.4 Mode 2.......................................................................................................................... 33 2.5 A Social Studies of Knowledge framework made up of Knowledge Utilisation, Feminist Science Studies, and Mode 2.......................................................................... 36 Chapter 3 Research design .......................................................................................... 38 3.1 Research model .......................................................................................................... 38 3.2 Key concepts and theoretical insights ..................................................................... 40 3.2.1 Knowledge transfer ................................................................................................. 40 3.2.2 Integration of knowledge ........................................................................................ 41 3.2.3 Conditions affecting the integration of knowledge.............................................. 43 3.3 Parameters................................................................................................................... 45 3.4 Research questions.................................................................................................... 47 3.5 Technical aspects of the research ........................................................................... 48 3.6 Closing remarks .......................................................................................................... 53 Chapter 4 Case 1: Curriculum change in medicine ............................................... 54 4.1 Knowledge transfer in Women’s Studies Medicine ............................................... 56 4.1.1 The field of Women’s Studies Medicine: knowledge production and dissemination ..................................................................................................................... 56 4.1.2 What knowledge is available? ............................................................................... 61 4.1.3 Situatedness of knowledge in terms of its partiality and locality ...................... 64 4.1.4 Interactions: intensity, sustainability, and form ................................................... 64 4.1.5 Actors, roles, and (power) relations between the actors................................... 70 4.2 Integration of knowledge from Women’s Studies Medicine in the curriculum... 75 4.2.1 The gap between available and integrated knowledge: What knowledge is integrated?.......................................................................................................................... 75 4.2.2 Form: knowledge products - embodied knowledge ........................................... 78 4.2.3 Type: instrumental, conceptual, symbolic utilisation.......................................... 79 4.2.4 Level of knowledge: concepts, theories, instruments ........................................ 80 4.2.5 Reflection of contemporary feminist understandings of sex and gender........ 82 4.2.6 Ideological change or political impact................................................................... 83 4.3 Conditions affecting the integration of knowledge in the curriculum .................. 84 4.3.1 Conditions relating to the production of knowledge ........................................... 84 4.3.2 Interaction conditions .............................................................................................. 86 4.3.3 Dissemination and communication conditions.................................................... 87 4.3.4 Conditions related to the power aspect of knowledge transfer ........................ 89 4.3.5 Conditions located in the realm of the users....................................................... 91 4.4 Taking stock................................................................................................................. 94 Chapter 5 Case 2: The Aspasia programme ............................................................ 96 5.1 Knowledge transfer in Aspasia ................................................................................. 98 5.1.1 The production and dissemination of knowledge about women in science ... 98 5.1.2 What knowledge is available? ............................................................................. 107 5.1.3 Situatedness of knowledge in terms of its partiality and locality .................... 112 5.1.4 Interactions: intensity, sustainability, and form ................................................. 113 5.1.5 Actors, roles, and (power) relations between the actors................................. 119 5.2 Integration of knowledge about women in science in the Aspasia programme ............................................................................................................................................ 120 5.2.1 What knowledge is integrated? ........................................................................... 120 5.2.2 Gap between available and integrated knowledge .......................................... 123 5.2.3 Form: knowledge products - embodied knowledge ......................................... 128 5.2.4 Type and level of integration................................................................................ 128 5.2.5 Reflection of contemporary feminist understandings of sex and gender...... 130 5.2.6 Ideological change or political impact................................................................. 131 5.3 Conditions affecting the integration of knowledge in Aspasia ........................... 134 5.3.1 Conditions related to the production of knowledge about sex and gender .. 134 5.3.2 Interaction conditions ............................................................................................ 136 5.3.3 Dissemination and communication conditions.................................................. 137 5.3.4 Conditions located in the realm of the users..................................................... 139 5.3.5 Conditions related to the power aspect of knowledge transfer ...................... 140 5.4 Taking stock............................................................................................................... 143 Chapter 6 Case 3: The historical and cultural Canon of the Netherlands ..... 145 6.1 Knowledge transfer in the Canon........................................................................... 147 6.1.1 The field of Women’s History: knowledge production and dissemination .... 148 6.1.2 Situatedness of knowledge in terms of its partiality and locality .................... 155 6.1.3 Interactions ............................................................................................................. 155 6.1.4 Actors, roles, and power relations......................................................................