Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76059-1 - Ungulate Management in Europe: Problems and Practices Edited by Rory Putman, Marco Apollonio and Reidar Andersen Index More information Index adaptive management 134–5, 180–2, 377–9 chronic wasting disease 203 Alces alces – see moose climate change Ammotragus lervia – see Barbary sheep effects on ungulate populations 349–66 Axis axis – see axis deer effects on disease and disease transmission 203, axis deer 13, 35, 36 320, 335, 337–40, 360–1 conservation 4, 19, 26, 30, 32, 33, 39–41, 380 Barbary sheep 32, 35, 36 cultural attitudes to hunting 4, 5–9 Bison bonasus – see bison, European bison, European 15, 27–9, 32, 33, 38, 40, 269–70, Dama dama – see fallow deer 275, 301, 353 damage and its management 144–82 blue tongue virus 195, 199, 205, 208, 333, 338–9 damage to agricultural crops 144, 151, 169–71 boar, European wild 15, 81, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94–5, damage to forestry 35, 144, 149–50, 151, 96, 99, 117, 126, 129, 144, 170–1, 175, 200, 171–3 288, 292–4, 300, 301, 303, 322, 327, 334, 335, damage to conservation habitats 13, 35, 37, 43, 336, 355, 365 144, 173–5 bovine tuberculosis 194, 196, 200–1, 208, 322, damage, compensation for 68, 70–1, 169, 171 327, 334 damage, control of 176 brucellosis 197, 202, 208, 327 deer–vehicle collisions – see ungulate–vehicle collisions Capra aegagrus – see goat, European wild disease 192–209, 319–37 Capra ibex – see ibex, alpine disease surveillance 130, 203–4, 328–30 Capra pyrenaica – see ibex, Spanish ungulates as vectors for diseases of livestock or Capreolus capreolus – see roe deer, European humans 42, 305–6, 338–9 Capreolus pygargus – see roe deer, Siberian DNA analysis 16, 17, 18, 34 carnivores and their effect on ungulate DNA, mitochondrial 16, 17, 18, 34 populations – see predation census methods 106–35 ecosystem effects of herbivory 145–9, 152–3, direct methods 112–22, 126–8 260–78 indirect methods 122–34, 128–31 effects of large herbivores on natural vegetation census accuracy 110 145–9, 152–3, 260–2, 264–72 Cervus canadensis – see wapiti effects of large herbivores on other fauna 148, Cervus elaphus – see red deer 174, 270, 273–5 Cervus nippon – see sika elk – see moose chamois 30, 32, 40, 41, 43, 81, 88, 89, 91, 93, 94, 96, 172, 176, 201, 202, 206, 295, 324–5, 355, fallow deer 12, 32, 35, 36, 81, 82, 87, 117, 170, 356, 361, 365 200, 216, 219, 220, 223, 233–4, 241, 272, 327, alpine chamois 30, 40, 81, 93, 94, 96, 201, 355, 365 202, 356 Fasciola magna 37, 205 Pyrenean chamois 30, 32, 324–5, 356 foot and mouth disease 199, 327 Chinese water deer 13, 35, 36 fox, red 83, 287–8, 300, 308–11, 329, 361, 362 396 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76059-1 - Ungulate Management in Europe: Problems and Practices Edited by Rory Putman, Marco Apollonio and Reidar Andersen Index More information Index 397 genetics 16–32 red deer 16–20 goat, European wild 36, 38–9, 40, 117 roe deer 24–6 growing season length – and its effects on ungulate predation 284–307 populations 355–6 predation by brown bear 286 habitat quality 131, 385, 389–90, 392–3 golden jackal 287 helminths 200 lynx 286–7, 288–304 hunting red fox 83, 287–8, 300, 308–11, 329, 361, 362 hunter training 42 wolf 286–7, 288–304, 361 hunting, administration of 71–8, 379–80, 382–94 wolverine 286 hunting, legislation 54–71 predation, density dependence 298–300, 304 hunting seasons 63–4, 80–101, especially 89–91 predation, functional and numerical responses trends in hunter number 43, 384–5, 386–8 286, 289–91 hybridisation 13, 15, 22–4, 30, 37, 38, 151 predation, impact on prey populations 298–303 Hydropotes inermis – see Chinese water deer Rangifer tarandus – see reindeer ibex, alpine 14, 15, 30, 32, 36, 38, 40, 81, 201, 202, red deer 13, 15–24, 26, 33, 34, 39, 81, 82, 84, 89, 90, 329, 355 91, 93, 94, 95, 98, 116, 117, 118, 121, 122, ibex, Spanish 15, 30, 31–2, 40, 41, 207, 361 125, 128, 130, 170, 172, 175, 177, 199, 200, inbreeding depression 20, 33 215, 216, 219, 220, 223, 233–4, 241, 264–6, introduction/reintroduction 12, 16–18, 19, 30, 271, 288, 292–4, 295, 296, 298, 300, 327, 354, 34–7, 376 355, 356, 357, 359, 363, 364, 365 introgression of alien genes 12, 33, 34 Barbary deer 16, 19 isard – see chamois, Pyrenean Carpathian deer 18–19 Corsican deer – see Tyrrhenian juvenile dependency, period of 86–7, 88–9 Spanish red deer 16, 357 Tyrrhenian deer 16, 17, 19, 20, 32, 40, 41 keratoconjunctivitis 201, 206 reindeer 36, 39, 40, 41, 43, 118, 125, 286, 295, 323, 340, 354, 355, 357, 359, 360, 361, 362, lynx, European 286–7, 288–304, 361 364, 365 reproductive systems 81–2 mange 32, 198, 201, 206, 207, 329, 333 rinderpest 323, 324 monteria 97 road traffic accidents – see ungulate–vehicle moose 32, 39, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96, 118, 125, 126, collisions 127–8, 130, 131, 170, 172, 175, 215, 240, 288, roe deer, European 15, 22, 33, 39, 41, 80, 81, 82, 292–4, 296, 298, 305, 353, 357, 359, 360, 361, 87, 88, 89, 91, 93, 94, 95–6, 116, 119, 122, 363, 364, 365 125, 127, 130, 131, 170, 172, 176, 177, 215, mouflon 32, 36, 38–9, 40, 81, 117, 355, 357, 365 216, 219, 220–2, 224, 226, 232, 241, 272, 287, Muntiacus reevesi – see muntjac, Chinese 288, 292–4, 295, 298, 300, 308–11, 329, 353, muntjac, Chinese 13, 35, 36, 37, 174 355, 360, 361, 362, 365 musk ox 36, 40, 118, 339–40, 354 roe deer, Siberian 33, 35, 37 Rupicapra pyrenaica – see chamois, Pyrenean North Atlantic Oscillation 352–4, 355–6, 360, 361 Rupicapra rupicapra – see chamois, alpine rusa 37 Odocoileus virginianus – see white-tailed deer rut 81–2, 93, 98, 220, 223, 363 Ovibos moschatus – see musk ox Ovis orientalis musimon – see mouflon Sarcoptes scabiei – see mange seasons, hunting – see hunting, seasons parasitic diseases seasons, reproductive paratuberculosis 197, 201 selective hunting 15, 20, 22, 24, 26, 84 parturition 95–6 sika 13, 15, 22–4, 35, 36, 37, 82, 125, 177, 223, pathogens – see also disease 309, 365 dynamics of transmission in ungulate snow depth and effects on ungulate populations populations 322–8 351, 354–6 effects of pathogens on ungulate population Soay sheep 134, 321–2, 351, 354, 359 dynamics 323–5, 328–30, 332 supplementary feeding 69, 390 phylogeography Sus scrofa – see boar, European wild European bison 27–9 swine fever, classical 195, 208, 327, 333, 336 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76059-1 - Ungulate Management in Europe: Problems and Practices Edited by Rory Putman, Marco Apollonio and Reidar Andersen Index More information 398 Index translocation – see introduction/reintroduction wapiti 13, 22, 35, 37, 199, 203, 205 weapons, permitted for hunting 61–3 ungulates as agents for environmental change white-tailed deer 13, 35, 36, 125, 127, 201, 260–83 203, 334 ungulate–vehicle collisions 144, 178–9, 215–51, 358 wolf 286–7, 288–304, 361 factors affecting accident frequency 219–27 options to reduce accident frequency 227–51 zoonoses 42, 192–209, 338–9 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org.