AL- NEELAIN UNIVERSITY THE GRADUATE COLLEGE THE ROLE OF MONSTER IN FRANKENSTEIN; OR, THE MODERN PROMETHUES AND FRANKENSTEIN IN BAGHDAD (A CRITICAL STUDY) Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctorate of philosophy in English Language Submitted by Mr. SAIF LATIF M. ALSSAFY Supervised by Dr. HALA SALIH MOHAMMED NUR Department of English- Khartoum University Khartoum, Sudan January 2019 جمهورية السودان جامعة النيلين كلية الدراسات العليا بحث علمي رائد أصيل ومتجدد أعتماد الرسالة في صورتها النهائية أسم الطالب وتوقيعه: ............................................................................ رقم وعنوان البريد اﻻلكتروني للطالب: ............................................................................. أسم المشرف وتوقيعه: .............................................................................. أسم الممتحن الداخلي وتوقيعه: .............................................................................. توقيع رئيس لجنة الدراسات العليا بكلية: ............................................................................... أعتماد عميد كلية الدراسات العليا ............................................................................... حقوق الطبع والنسخ محفوظة لجامعة النيلين © Al- Neelain University Qur'an Verse In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. Praise be to Allah (1) the Cherisher and Sustainer of the worlds (2) Most Gracious, Most Merciful (3); Master of the Day of Judgment (4) Thee do we worship, and Thine aid we seek (5) Show us the straightway (6) The way of those on whom Thou hast bestowed Thy Grace, those whose (portion) is not wrath, and who go not astray (7). (Sourat Al Fatiha) DECLARATION I hereby declare that the present thesis entitled, “The Role of Monster in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus and Frankenstein in Baghdad” is the record of original research work carried out by me and it has not previously formed the basis for the award of any Degree, Diploma, Fellowship or other similar Title or Recognition. Date: / /2019 Place: Khartoum Mr. SAIF LATIF M. ALSSAFY CERTIFICATE I hereby certify that the all corrections and suggestions pointed out by the State Sudanese examiner(s) are incorporated in the thesis titled “The Role of Monster in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus and Frankenstein in Baghdad”. Submitted by Mr. SAIF LATIF M. ALSSAFY . Date: / /2019 Place: Khartoum, Sudan Research Supervisor DR. MRS. HALA SALIH MOHAMMED NUR Associate Prof., Dept. of English, Khartoum University, Khartoum, Sudan DEDICATION To the soul of my father, my dear mother, my wife who stood with me, and my daughters vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. Dedication ................................................................................................................. vi Table of Contents .................................................................................................... vii Acknowledgements .................................................................................................... x Abstract (English) .................................................................................................. xii Abstract (Arabic) ..................................................................................................... xiv CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.0 Overview .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background ......................................................................................................... 2 1.2The Statement of the problem .............................................................................. 3 1.3The Rationale of the Study .................................................................................. 4 1.4The Study Aims ................................................................................................... 4 1-5The Research Questions ...................................................................................... 4 1.6The Methodology ................................................................................................. 5 1.7The Study Limits .................................................................................................. 6 vii CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0Introduction ........................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Definitions and Characteristics of a Monster ..................................................... 7 2.2 The concept of Monster in English Literature .................................................. 12 2.3 The Concept of the Monster in Arabic Literature ............................................ 34 2.4 The Gothic novel ............................................................................................... 39 2.5 Mary Shelley’s Life .......................................................................................... 50 2.6 Ahmed Saadawi’s Life ...................................................................................... 53 CHAPTER THREE: The Role of Shelley’s Monster in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus 3.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 55 3.1 Roles ................................................................................................................... 56 3.1.1 Human ............................................................................................................ 56 3.3.2 Revenger ........................................................................................................ 70 3.2 Frankenstein’s creature as hero or villain ......................................................... 81 3.3 Frankenstein’s Creature as Victim-Offender .................................................... 96 viii CHAPTER FOUR: The Roles of Monster in Frankenstein in Baghdad 4.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 107 4.1 Roles ................................................................................................................. 108 4.1.1Revenger ........................................................................................................ 108 4.1.1.1Monster’s motives for revenge ....................................... 116 4.1.2 Abbreviated descriptive names .................................................................... 142 4.1.2.1Alshesma or Whatitsname .............................................. 148 4.1.2.2 Frankenstein ................................................................... 157 4.1.2.3 Daniel ............................................................................. 164 CHAPTER FIVE: Conclusion and Recommendations 5.0Introduction ....................................................................................................... 170 5.1 Findings .......................................................................................................... 170 5.2 Recommendations for Future Research ........................................................... 179 5.3 Suggested Topics for Future Researchers ........................................................ 181 Works Cited .......................................................................................................... 182 ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, praise and thanks to Allah, the Almighty, for His showers of blessings throughout my research work to finish the research successfully. I would like to express my deepest and sincere gratitude to my research supervisor, Dr. Hala Salih Mohammed Nur, PhD., Department of English, College of Arts, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan, for supervising me during my research and providing invaluable guidance throughout this research. Her dynamism, vision, sincerity and motivation have deeply inspired me. As my supervisor, she has constantly forced me to remain focused on achieving my goal. Her observations and comments helped me to establish the overall direction of the research and to move forward with investigation in depth. It was a great privilege and honor to work and study under her guidance. I am extremely grateful for what she has offered me. I would also like to thank her for her friendship, empathy, and great sense of humor. I am extending my heartfelt thanks to her family for their acceptance and patience during the discussion I had with her on research work and thesis preparation. I would like to extend my special thanks to Prof. Emeritus Dr. Emil Sirbulescu, Professor, Department of Anglo-American and German Studies, Faculty of Letters, University of Craiova, Romania, for his generous time in proof reading and all what he has done to help me to carry out this research work. Thanks are due to the numerous local and global “peers” Lecturer Qassem Hassen, Asst. Lecturer Falih Mahdi, Asst. Lecturer Haider Mohammed, and Asst. Lecturer Saad Laftha for the help they extended me whether in the form of advice, suggestions, loan of, or helping in procuring books. x I also take this opportunity to thank the administrative staff of the University of Al Neelain for providing me the opportunity to achieve this research work. I must also express my sincere gratitude to the Iraqi Ministry of Education, and Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. Finally, my thanks go to all the people who have supported me to complete the research work directly or indirectly. xi ABSTRACT (English) Title of thesis:The Role of Monster in Frankenstein; or, the Modern Prometheus and Frankenstein