The Eureka 147 Digital Audio Broadcasting System Adapted to the U.S. by Nupur Gupta Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Com- puter Science in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY May 1996 © 1996 Nupur Gupta. All Rights Reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and dis- tribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this document in whole or in part, and to grants others the right to do so. Author ............. .. .. ........ ............................................... S Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science .. i / May 30, 1996 // Certified by ....... .. a taelin Thesis Co-Supervisor C ertified by ............................. ............................................................. Cri b Steven Bernstein - Thesis Co-Supervisor Accepted by ....... ................................. ...................................................... F.R. Morgenthaler Chairman, Department Committee on Graduate Thesis A3•A(.,CHUSETTTS INS'i. OF TECHNOLOGY JUN 11 1996 9ng. ý .ýMAMCn The Eureka 147 Digital Audio Broadcasting System Adapted to the U.S. by Nupur Gupta Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science May 30, 1996 In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Abstract This thesis is a study of the Eureka 147 Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) system devel- oped by a European consortium. It begins with a brief introduction to DAB in the United States. It also gives a comprehensive technical overview of the Eureka 147 DAB system. This thesis proposes a solution to concerns expressed by the broadcasting industry regard- ing the acceptance of this system as the DAB standard for the U. S. These concerns focus on the present requirement that all broadcasters in each metropolitan area must have the same coverage area. This solution, using a Time Division Multiple Access technique in conjunction with the Transmitter Identification Information, will show that a Eureka 147 system implementation can be configured to address these primary coverage area concerns subject to some small loss in system capacity. The basis of this solution has been outlined along with some key considerations, such as synchronization, noise power and frequency re-use, that must undergo further analysis. David Staelin Title: Professor of Electrical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Assistant Director of Lincoln Laboratory Thesis Supervisor: Steven Bernstein Title: Senior Staff Member, Lincoln Laboratory Acknowledgments I would like to thank the Advanced Development Audio and Communications group at Delco Electronics for providing an interesting and challenging assignment for my Master's Thesis.They were always very helpful in answering all my questions and listening to my ideas. I would espe- cially like to give thanks to Jim Davis for all his guidance and support. I would like to thank Professor David Staelin and Steven Bernstein, my thesis advisors, for their patience and help throughout the entire project. Finally, I would like to thank my parents who have always supported and believed in me through- out my education at MIT. Table of Contents 1 Introduction................................................................................................................13 1.1 Digital Audio Broadcasting ............................................................................. 13 1.2 Eureka 147 ....................................................................................................... 15 1.3 Developm ents in the United States..................................................................16 2 Development of Eureka 147 Around the World and In the U.S................................19 2.1 Background......................................................................................................19 2.2 Europe..............................................................................................................19 2.3 Canada..............................................................................................................22 2.4 United States .................................................................................................... 22 3 Technicalities of Eureka 147 ..................................................................................... 25 3.1 Introduction......................................................................................................25 3.2 Frame Construction..........................................................................................31 3.3 Synchronization Channel.................................................................................35 3.4 Fast Inform ation Channel ................................................................................ 39 3.5 M ain Service Channel (M SC)..........................................................................49 3.6 DAB Transm ission Signal ............................................................................... 55 4 Understanding Eureka 147.........................................................................................57 4.1 Background......................................................................................................57 4.2 DAB Requirem ents .......................................................................................... 57 4.3 OFDM M odulation .......................................................................................... 58 4.4 Transm ission M odes ........................................................................................ 59 4.5 Tim e Interleaving ............................................................................................. 61 4.6 Convolutional Encoding .................................................................................. 62 4.7 DAB Transm ission Signal Facts......................................................................63 5 Eureka 147 for the United States ............................................................................... 65 5.1 Background......................................................................................................65 5.2 The Problem ..................................................................................................... 65 5.3 The TDM A Solution........................................................................................67 6 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 79 Bibliography ................................................................................................................. 83 List of Figures Figure 3.1: Conceptual DAB emission block diagram [17, p. 22].............................................. 27 Figure 3.2: Transmission mode independent description of the FIC and MSC [17, p.30].........32 Figure 3.3: Generation of the main signal [17, p. 161]...............................................................36 Figure 3.4: Structure of the FIB [17, p. 31] ................................................................................ 39 Figure 3.5: Structure of the FIG type 0 data field [17, p. 33] ..................................................... 41 Figure 3.6: Structure of the FIG type 1 data field [17, p. 34] ..................................................... 44 Figure 3.7: Structure of the FIG type 5 data field [17, p. 35] ..................................................... 45 Figure 3.8: Structure of the FIG type 6 data field [17, p. 35] ..................................................... 46 Figure 3.9: Simplified block diagram of the DAB Audio Encoder [17, p. 53]........................... 50 Figure 5.1: Typical SFN implementation for Eureka 147 DAB system.....................................66 Figure 5.2: SFN network using TDM A ...................................................................................... 69 Figure 5.3: A Frequency Re-use Scenario .................................................................................. 74 List of Tables Table 3.1: General transport characteristics of the transport frame [17, p. 30] ...................... 33 Table 3.2: Definition of the parameters for transmission modes I, II, III [17, p. 160] ........... 34 Table 3.3: Relation between the indices i, k' and n and the carrier index k for transmission mode I [17, p. 163] .................................................................... 37 Table 3.4: Relation between the indices i, k' and n and the carrier index k for transmission mode II [17, p.163].................................................................... 38 Table 3.5: Relation between the indices i, k' and n and the carrier index k for transmission mode III [17,p. 163] .................................................................. 38 Table 3.6: Time-Frequency-Phase parameter h values [17, p. 164] ....................................... 38 Table 3.7: List of FIG Types [17, p. 32] ................................................................................. 40 Table 3.8: Extensions to FIG Type 0 data field ...................................................................... 41 Table 3.9: Extension for FIG Type 1 field.............................................................................. 45 Table 3.10: Extension for FIG Type