Sport, Public Broadcasting, and Cultural Citizenship This book examines the social, political and cultural dimensions of access to live telecasts of sport in the digital broadcasting era. It analyzes the wide- ranging theoretical debates, ideological positions and policy calculations concerning the provision of live, free-to-air telecasts of sport as a right of cultural citizenship. In addressing the dynamic relationships between the sport, media, capital and the state, the book provides a range of inter- national comparative case studies that engage with these key debates and issues across several contrasting global spaces. Jay Scherer is an Associate Professor in the Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation at the University of Alberta. David Rowe is Professor of Cultural Research in the Institute for Culture and Society at University of Western Sydney, Australia. T&F Proofs: Not For Distribution SScherercherer & RRoweowe 22ndnd ppages.inddages.indd i 66/3/2013/3/2013 66:08:22:08:22 PPMM Routledge Research in Sport, Culture and Society 1 Sport, Masculinities and the Body 9 Critical Readings in Ian Wellard Bodybuilding Edited by Adam Locks 2 India and the Olympics and Niall Richardson Boria Majumdar and Nalin Mehta 10 The Cultural Politics of Post- 3 Social Capital and Sport 9/11 American Sport Governance in Europe Power, Pedagogy and the Edited by Margaret Groeneveld, Popular Barrie Houlihan and Fabien Ohl Michael Silk 4 Theology, Ethics and 11 Ultimate Fighting and Transcendence in Sports Embodiment Edited by Jim Parry, Mark Nesti Violence, Gender and Mixed and Nick Watson Martial Arts Dale C. Spencer 5 Women and Exercise The Body, Health and 12 The Olympic Games and Consumerism Cultural Policy Edited by Eileen Kennedy Beatriz Garcia and Pirkko Markula 13 The Urban Geography of 6 Race, Ethnicity and Football Boxing Persisting Debates and Emergent Race, Class, and Gender in the Issues Ring Edited by Daniel Burdsey Benita Heiskanen 7 The Organisation and 14 The Social Organization of Governance of Top Football Sports Medicine Across Europe Critical Socio-Cultural An Institutional Perspective Perspectives Edited by Hallgeir Gammelsæter Edited by Dominic Malcolm and Benoît Senaux and Parissa Safai 8 Sport and Social Mobility 15. Host Cities and the Olympics Crossing Boundaries An Interactionist Approach Ramón Spaaij Harry Hiller T&F Proofs: Not For Distribution SScherercherer & RRoweowe 22ndnd ppages.inddages.indd iiii 66/3/2013/3/2013 66:08:29:08:29 PPMM 16 Sports Governance, Development 25 Sport, Public Broadcasting, and and Corporate Responsibility Cultural Citizenship Edited by Barbara Segaert, Marc Signal Lost? Theeboom, Christiane Timmerman Edited by Jay Scherer and Bart Vanreusel and David Rowe 17 Sport and Its Female Fans Edited by Kim Toffoletti and Peter Mewett 18 Sport Policy in Britain Barrie Houlihan and Iain Lindsey 19 Sports and Christianity Historical and Contemporary Perspectives Edited by Nick J. Watson and Andrew Parker 20 Sports Coaching Research Context, Consequences, and Consciousness Anthony Bush, Michael Silk, David Andrews and Hugh Lauder 21 Sport Across Asia Politics, Cultures, and Identities Edited by Katrin Bromber, Birgit Krawietz, and Joseph Maguire 22 Athletes, Sexual Assault, and “Trials by Media” Narrative Immunity Deb Waterhouse-Watson 23 Youth Sport, Physical Activity and Play Policy, Interventions and Participation Andrew Parker and Don Vinson 24 The Global Horseracing Industry Social, Economic, Environmental and Ethical Perspectives Phil McManus, Glenn Albrecht, and Raewyn Graham T&F Proofs: Not For Distribution SScherercherer & RRoweowe 22ndnd ppages.inddages.indd iiiiii 66/3/2013/3/2013 66:08:29:08:29 PPMM T&F Proofs: Not For Distribution SScherercherer & RRoweowe 22ndnd ppages.inddages.indd iivv 66/3/2013/3/2013 66:08:29:08:29 PPMM Sport, Public Broadcasting, and Cultural Citizenship Signal Lost? Edited by Jay Scherer and David Rowe NEW YORK LONDON T&F Proofs: Not For Distribution SScherercherer & RRoweowe 22ndnd ppages.inddages.indd v 66/3/2013/3/2013 66:08:30:08:30 PPMM First published 2013 by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Simultaneously published in the UK by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2013 Taylor & Francis The right of Jay Scherer and David Rowe to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sport, public broadcasting, and cultural citizenship : signal lost? / edited by Jay Scherer and David Rowe. pages cm.—(Routledge research in sport, culture and society ; v. 25) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Television and sports. 2. Television broadcasting of sports. 3. Public broadcasting—Political aspects. 4. Sports and society. I. Scherer, Jay, 1975– GV742.3.S65 2013 791.45'6579—dc23 2012051247 ISBN13: 978-0-415-88603-1 (hbk) ISBN13: 978-0-203-75839-7 (ebk) Typeset in Sabon by IBT Global. Printed and bound in the United States of America SFI-01234 by IBT Global. SFI label applies to the text stock T&F Proofs: Not For Distribution SScherercherer & RRoweowe 22ndnd ppages.inddages.indd vvii 66/3/2013/3/2013 66:08:30:08:30 PPMM For Kathleen Hartford (Jay) For Susan Rowe and Mary Hender, the Consummate Sister Act (David) T&F Proofs: Not For Distribution SScherercherer & RRoweowe 22ndnd ppages.inddages.indd vviiii 66/3/2013/3/2013 66:08:30:08:30 PPMM T&F Proofs: Not For Distribution SScherercherer & RRoweowe 22ndnd ppages.inddages.indd vviiiiii 66/3/2013/3/2013 66:08:30:08:30 PPMM Contents List of Figures xi List of Tables xiii Acknowledgments xv 1 Sport, Public Service Media, and Cultural Citizenship 1 JAY SCHERER AND DAVID ROWE 2 Before, During, and After the Neoliberal Moment: Media, Sports, Policy, Citizenship 30 TOBY MILLER 3 Televised Sport and Cultural Citizenship in Canada: The “Two Solitudes” of Canadian Public Broadcasting? 48 JAY SCHERER AND JEAN HARVEY 4 Selling Out: The Gaming of the Living Room Seat for the US Sports Fan 74 LAWRENCE A. WENNER, ROBERT V. BELLAMY, AND JAMES R. WALKER 5 Football for Everyone? Soccer, Television, and Politics in Argentina 96 PABLO ALABARCES AND CAROLINA DUEK 6 No Longer the Crown Jewels of Sport? Television, Sport, and National Events in the UK 110 RAYMOND BOYLE 7 The Law Not Applied: French Controversies about Television Viewer Access to the 2006 European Handball Championship 128 FABIEN OHL AND LUCIE SCHOCH T&F Proofs: Not For Distribution SScherercherer & RRoweowe 22ndnd ppages.inddages.indd iixx 66/3/2013/3/2013 66:08:30:08:30 PPMM x Contents 1 8 Belgium’s “List of Major Events” Mechanism in the Digital 2 Broadcasting Era 145 3 KATRIEN LEFEVER 4 5 6 9 “Events of National Importance and Cultural Signifi cance”: 7 Sport, Television, and the Anti-Siphoning Regime in Australia 166 8 DAVID ROWE 9 10 10 Millennium Blues: The Politics of Media Policy, Televised Sport, 11 and Cultural Citizenship in New Zealand 188 12 JAY SCHERER, MICHAEL SAM, AND STEVEN J. JACKSON 13 14 15 11 The Political Economy of Sport Broadcasting in the Arab World 209 16 MAHFOUD AMARA 17 18 12 The Global Popular and the Local Obscure: Televised Sport in 19 Contemporary Singapore 221 20 CALLUM GILMOUR 21 22 23 13 Sport, Broadcasting, and Cultural Citizenship in Japan 243 24 DONNA WONG, ISAMU KURODA AND JOHN HORNE 25 26 14 The Political Economy of Football Viewership in Africa 263 27 MUHAMMED MUSA 28 29 30 15 Watching the Football with Raymond Williams: 31 A Reconsideration of the Global Game as a “Wonderful Game” 283 32 JOHN HUGHSON 33 34 16 Afterword: Sport, Public Service Media and a “Red Button” 35 Future 300 36 37 DAVID ROWE AND JAY SCHERER 38 39 Contributors 307 40 Index 313 41 42 43 44 45 46 T&F Proofs: Not For Distribution SScherercherer & RRoweowe 22ndnd ppages.inddages.indd x 66/3/2013/3/2013 66:08:30:08:30 PPMM Figures 9.1 Organizational submissions’ recommendations concerning the anti-siphoning list. 174 9.2 All submissions’ recommendations concerning the anti-siphoning list. 175 13.1 Aggregate attendances at J. League offi cial matches. 246 T&F Proofs: Not For Distribution SScherercherer & RRoweowe 22ndnd ppages.inddages.indd xxii 66/3/2013/3/2013 66:08:31:08:31 PPMM T&F Proofs: Not For Distribution SScherercherer & RRoweowe 22ndnd ppages.inddages.indd xxiiii 66/3/2013/3/2013 66:08:31:08:31 PPMM Tables 4.1 Reception and Policy Matrix for Televised Sport and Consumer Citizenality 79 7.1 The Twenty-One Sporting “Events of Major Importance” for French Society (from the Decree 2004–1392 of 22 December 2004) 132 9.1 Types of Organizations Providing Submissions to the Sport on Television Inquiry 173 12.1 English Premier League Television Rights Deals 2007–2013: Domestic and International Contributions 226 13.1 Popular Professional Sports in Japan 247 13.2 Top Fifteen Television Sports Ratings 1962–2010 (Tokyo Area) 248 T&F Proofs: Not For Distribution SScherercherer & RRoweowe 22ndnd ppages.inddages.indd xxiiiiii 66/3/2013/3/2013 66:08:31:08:31 PPMM T&F Proofs: Not For Distribution SScherercherer & RRoweowe 22ndnd ppages.inddages.indd xxiviv 66/3/2013/3/2013 66:08:31:08:31 PPMM Acknowledgments We would like to thank the editorial team at Routledge, especially Max Novick and Jennifer Morrow, as well as Marcela Mourao for her substan- tial editorial assistance.