The Diaries of George Washington. Vol. 3. Donald Jackson, ed.; Dorothy Twohig, assoc. ed. The Papers of George Washington. Charlottesville The Diaries of GEORGE WASHINGTON Volume III 1771–75, 1780–81 ASSISTANT EDITORS Beverly H. Runge, Frederick Hall Schmidt, and Philander D. Chase George H. Reese, CONSULTING EDITOR Joan Paterson Kerr, PICTURE EDITOR THE DIARIES OF GEORGE WASHINGTON VOLUME III 1771–75, 1780–81 DONALD JACKSON, EDITOR DOROTHY TWOHIG, ASSOCIATE EDITOR UNIVERSITY PRESS OF VIRGINIA CHARLOTTESVILLE This edition has been prepared by the staff of The Papers of George Washington, sponsored by The Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union and the University of Virginia with the support of The National Endowment for the Humanities and The National Historical Publications and Records Commission THE UNIVERSITY PRESS OF VIRGINIA Copyright © 1978 by the Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia First published 1978 Frontispiece: Washington before Yorktown, by Rembrandt Peale. (Corcoran Gallery of Art, gift of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association) Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Washington, George, Pres. U.S., 1732–1799 The Diaries of George Washington. Vol. 3. Donald Jackson, ed.; Dorothy Twohig, assoc. ed. The Papers of George Washington. Charlottesville http://www.loc.gov/resource/mgw.wd03 The diaries of George Washington. Includes bibliographies and indexes. 1. Washington, George, Pres. U.S., 1732–1799. 2. Presidents—United States—Biography. I. Jackson, Donald Dean, 1919— II. Twohig, Dorothy. III. Title E312.8 1976 973.4′1′0924 [B] 75-41365 ISBN 0—8139—0721—7 (v. 3) Printed in the United States of America Administrative Board David A. Shannon, Chairman Mrs. John H. Guy, Jr. W. Walker Cowen Advisory Committee John R. Alden C. Waller Barrett Francis L. Berkeley, Jr. Julian P. Boyd Comte René de Chambrun James Thomas Flexner Merrill Jensen Wilmarth S. Lewis The Diaries of George Washington. Vol. 3. Donald Jackson, ed.; Dorothy Twohig, assoc. ed. The Papers of George Washington. Charlottesville http://www.loc.gov/resource/mgw.wd03 Lewis A. McMurran, Jr. John O. Marsh, Jr. Charles McC. Mathias, Jr. L. Quincy Mumford Merrill D. Peterson Saunders Redding Stephen T. Riley James Thorpe Lawrence W. Towner Nicholas B. Wainwright Charles C. Wall John A. Washington, M.D. Esmond Wright ix Contents Editorial Procedures and Symbols xiii The Diaries for 1771–75, 1780–81 Mount Vernon Flour, Western Bounty Lands, 1771 1 Routine Duties and Quiet Pleasures, 1772 81 The Loss of Patsy Custis, 1773 152 A Restless Nation Stirs, 1774 225 The Diaries of George Washington. Vol. 3. Donald Jackson, ed.; Dorothy Twohig, assoc. ed. The Papers of George Washington. Charlottesville http://www.loc.gov/resource/mgw.wd03 A Call to Service, 1775 302 The Weather at Headquarters, 1780 340 Yorktown: A Victor's View, 1781 356 Repository Symbols and Bibliography 441 Index 469 xi Map The Campaign of 1781 in the North 366 Illustrations Washington before Yorktown Frontispiece Nomini Hall 28 The new mill 32 Washington's Alexandria house 47 Mr. and Mrs. Richard Arell 54 Sir Robert Eden 55 Daniel Dulany the younger 57 Rebecca Tasker Dulany 57 George Weedon 64 Lord Dunmore 65 Advertisement for Mrs. Campbell's tavern 69 The Diaries of George Washington. Vol. 3. Donald Jackson, ed.; Dorothy Twohig, assoc. ed. The Papers of George Washington. Charlottesville http://www.loc.gov/resource/mgw.wd03 Washington's bookplate 76 Bryan Fairfax 82 Mrs. Campbell's bill 101 Jacky and Patsy Custis 109 Advertisement for Ferry Farm 130 Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer 136 Raleigh Tavern 143 Ann Eilbeck Mason 174 Gunston Hall 177 Burial vault at Mount Vernon 189 Christ Church, Alexandria 198 Westover 214 Benjamin Harrison 215 Berkeley 216 Pohick Church 233 xii Plan of Pohick Church 235 Plan of Bowling Green, Va. 257 Fairfax Resolves 262 Thomas Johnson 263 William Paca 263 The Diaries of George Washington. Vol. 3. Donald Jackson, ed.; Dorothy Twohig, assoc. ed. The Papers of George Washington. Charlottesville http://www.loc.gov/resource/mgw.wd03 Capitol in Williamsburg 267 Newspaper report of the Virginia Convention 267 Frontispiece of Jefferson's Summary View 268 Edmund Pendleton 271 Patrick Henry 271 City Tavern 274 Carpenters' Hall 275 Thomas Mifflin 278 Christ Church, Philadelphia 283 Benjamin Rush 286 Charles Lee 299 John Hoskins Stone 313 Archibald Cary 315 Henry (Light Horse Harry) Lee 321 Richard Henry Lee 326 Horatio Gates 326 Robert Morris 334 Washington's farewell letter to his wife 337 Sir Henry Clinton 363 John Laurens 372 The Diaries of George Washington. Vol. 3. Donald Jackson, ed.; Dorothy Twohig, assoc. ed. The Papers of George Washington. Charlottesville http://www.loc.gov/resource/mgw.wd03 Marquis de Lafayette 379 Martha Washington 383 Baron von Steuben 386 Chevalier de La Lucerne 389 Jonathan Trumbull, Sr. 391 Earl Cornwallis 412 Comte de Deux-Ponts 415 Comte de Rochambeau 417 Chevalier de Chastellux 417 Alexander Hamilton 428 Surrender at Yorktown 431 Washington holding Declaration of Independence 434 Cartouche of 1783 map 437 xiii Editorial Procedures and Symbols Transcription of the diaries has remained as faithful as possible to the original manuscript. Because of the nature of GW's diary entries, absolute consistency in punctuation has been virtually impossible. Where feasible, the punctuation has generally been retained as written. However, in cases where sentences are separated by dashes, a common device in the eighteenth century, the dash has been changed to a period and following word capitalized. Dashes which appear after periods have been dropped. Periods have been inserted at points which are dearly the ends of sentences. In many of the diaries, particularly those dealing with planting and the weather, entries consist of phrases separated by dashes rather than sentences. Generally if the phrase appears to stand alone, a period has been substituted for the dash. The Diaries of George Washington. Vol. 3. Donald Jackson, ed.; Dorothy Twohig, assoc. ed. The Papers of George Washington. Charlottesville http://www.loc.gov/resource/mgw.wd03 Spelling of all words is retained as it appears in manuscript. Errors in spelling of geographic locations and proper names have been corrected in notes or in brackets only if the spelling in the text makes the word incomprehensible. Washington occasionally, especially in the diaries, placed above an incorrectly written word a symbol sometimes resembling a tilde, sometimes an infinity sign, to indicate an error in orthography. When this device is used the editors have silently corrected the word. The ampersand has been retained. The thorn has been transcribed as “th.” The symbol for per has been written out. When a tilde is used to indicate either a double letter or missing letters, the correction has been made silently or the word has been transcribed as an abbreviation. Capitalization is retained as it appears in the manuscript; if the writer's intention is not clear, modern usage is followed. Contractions and abbreviations are retained as written; a period is inserted after abbreviations. When an apostrophe has been used in contractions it is retained. Superscripts have been lowered, xiv and if the word is an abbreviation a period has been added. When the meaning of an abbreviation is not obvious, it has been expanded in square brackets: H[unting] C[reek]; so[uther]ly. Other editorial insertions or corrections in the text also appear in square brackets. Missing dates are supplied in square brackets in diary entries. Angle brackets (< >) are used to indicate mutilated material. If it is clear from the context what word or words are missing, or missing material has been filled in from other sources, the words are inserted between the angle brackets. A space left blank by Washington in the manuscript of the diaries is indicated by a square bracketed gap in the text. In cases where Washington has crossed out words or phrases, the deletions have not been noted. If a deletion contains substantive material it appears in a footnote. Words inadvertently repeated or repeated at the bottom of a page of manuscript have been dropped. If the intended location of marginal notations is clear, they have been inserted in the proper place without comment; otherwise, insertions appear in footnotes. In cases where the date is repeated for several entries on the same day, the repetitive date has been omitted and the succeeding entries have been paragraphed. Because Washington used the blank pages of the Virginia Almanack or occasionally small notebooks to keep his diaries, lack of space sometimes forced him to make entries and memoranda out of order in the volume. The correct position of such entries is often open to question, and the editors The Diaries of George Washington. Vol. 3. Donald Jackson, ed.; Dorothy Twohig, assoc. ed. The Papers of George Washington. Charlottesville http://www.loc.gov/resource/mgw.wd03 have not always agreed with earlier editors of the diaries on this matter. Such divergence of opinion, however, has not been annotated. Bibliographical references are cited by one or two words, usually the author's last name, in small capitals. If two or more works by authors with the same surname have been used, numbers are assigned: HARRISON [2]. Full publication information is included in the bibliography for each volume. The symbols used to identify repositories in the footnotes precede the bibliography. Surveying notes and dated memoranda kept in diary form have not been included in this edition of Washington's diaries, although the information contained in them has often been used in annotation. xv Individuals and places mentioned for the first time in this volume have been identified in the footnotes; those which have been identified in the first two volumes may be located by consulting the indexes of those volumes. A cumulative index will be included in the last volume of the Diaries.