MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, NO. 60 THE FRESH-WATER TRICLADS OF MICHIGAN BY ROMAN KENK ANN ARBOR UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN PRESS JANU~Y18, 1944 PRXCE LIST OF THE MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS OF TI-fI: MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Address inquiries to tho Director of the Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Bound in Paper No. 1. Directions for Collecting and Preserving Specimens of Dragonflies for Museum Purposes. By $2. I3. WILLJ.AMSON.(1916) Pp. 15, 3 figures 90.a No. 2. An Annotated List of the Odonata of Indiana. By E. B. WILLIAMSON. (1917) Pp. 12, 1 ma.p ....................................................................... $0.26 No. 3. A UoUecting Trip to Colombia, South America. By E. B. WILLIAMSON. (1918) Pp. 24. (Out of print) No. 4. Uontributions to the Botany of Michigan. By C. E. DODQE. 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(1929) Pp. 43, 8 plates, 1 map $0.75 No. 20. Materials for America. By CARLL. HUBBS. (1930) Pp. 47, 1 plate ................................ $0.75 $0.76 No. 22. The Genus Oli $0.50 No. 23. A Revision of the Puer Group of the North American Genus, Melanoplus, with Remarks on the Taxonomic Value of the Concealed Male Geni- talia in the Uyrtacanthacrinae (Orthoptera, Acrididae). By THEO- DORE H. HUBBELL. (1932) Pp. 64, 3 plates, 1figure, 1 map ........................ $0.76 (Continued oa last pages) ADVERTISEMENT The publications of the Museum of Zoology, University of Mich- igan, coiisist of two series-the Occasioiial Papers and the Miscel- laiieous Publications. Both series mere fotuided by Dr. Bryant Walker, Mr. Bradshaw 1-1. Swales, and Dr. W. W. Newcoinb. The Occasional Papers, publication of which was begun in 1913, serve as a medium for original papers based priiicipally upon the collections of the Museum. The papers are issued separately to libraries aiid specialists, aiid, when a sufficieiit number of pages have been printed to make a volame, a title page, table of coiiteiits, and index are supplied to libraries aiid individuals on the mailing list for the entire series. The Miscellaneous Publications, which include papers oil field and mmlseum techniques, monographic studies, and other coiitribu- tioiis iiot within the scope of the Occasioiial Papers, are published separately, and as it is not iiiteiided they will be grouped into volumes, each number has a title page and, when necessary, a table of contents. FREDERICICM. GAIGE Director of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, NO. 60 THE FRESH-WATER TRICLADS OF MICHIGAN BY ROMAN KENK ANN ARBOR UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN PRESS JANUARY18, 1944 CONTENTS PAGE . .. .. .. 9 FAMILYPLANARIID 10 Curtisia foremani (Girard) 10 Dugesia tigrina (Girard) 13 Dugesza dorotocephala (Woodwortl~) 18 Phagocata vernalrs, Ncw Species 22 Phagocata velata (Stringer) 28 Phagocala morgani (Stcvcns and Boring) 33 FAMILYDENDROCOELIDA 36 Procoty la fluviatili 36 " Planaria simplex, ' ' WOODWORTII 38 ECOLOGYAND DISTRIBUTION. ......... ... .. ... ...... ....... .. .. ....... .... 39 KEYTO THE FRESH-WATERTRICLADS OF MICHIGAN.. .. ... ... .... 40 ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES (Plates I-VII follow page 44) PLATE I. Curtisia f oremani. Dugesia ligrina. Dugesia tigrina. Dugesia dorotocephala. Pllagocata vrmalis. Phagocata velata. Phagocata rnorgani. Procotyla fluviatilis. Jaclrson's Creclr, Gogebic County. Millilten Creek, Cheboygan County. Big Stoile Creelr, Ernmet County. East branch of Maple River, Eminct County. IV. Douglas Lzlcc, Cheboygan County. Eastern bank of Lancaster Lake, Cheboygan County. v. Roadside fo~~ntain,near Oden, Emmet County. VI. Temporary pond, about five and one-half miles soutlieast of Ann Arbor. Mill Creek, about four miles southeast of Mackinaw City, Cheboygan County. VII. Fish hatchery, west of Oden, Emmet County. Creek northwest of Harbor Springs, Emmet County. FIGURES IN THE TEXT FIGURE PAGE 1. Dtcgesia tigrina, pharynx extirpated ........ ............. 14 2. Phagocata vernalzs, part of a sagittal section 23 3. Phagocata vrmalis, diagrani of the copulatory organs 24 4. Phagocata velata, digestive system ...... ...... ... 29 5. Phagocata velata, dingrain of t11c copulatory organs 30 THE FRESH-WATER TRICLADS OF MICHIGAN INTRODUCTION THE triclad fauna of Michigan has so far received only scant attention. The earliest author to record a fresh-water triclad or planarian from Michigan was Ward (1894), who reported Planaria wzaculata (Dz~gesiatigrina) from J. E. Reighard's investigation of Lalie St. Clair. Woodworth (189671 and c), studying the Turbellaria collected by the Michigan Fish Commission dur- ing 1893 and 1894, identified Planaria nzacz~lata (Dugesia tigrina), Pro- cotyla flz~viatilis,and "Planaria simplex" from Michigan lakes. Pearl's (1903) well-known studies of the movements and reactions of planarians were on several species obtained in the vicinity of Ann Arbor. No further data are available in literature, except for short notes by Hyman (1925, 1931~)and Kenk (1941) concerning the occurrence of Planaria lata (Du- gesia tigrina) and Phagocata velata in Michigan. The entire group of fresh-water triclads has never been studied mono- graphically. Illformation on the American representatives of the group is scattered in numerous publications, many of which are available in only few libraries. Moreover, the taxoilomy of the planarians has recently under- gone considerable revision, as an attempt has beell made to base the classifi- cation on anatomical rather than external characteristics. This and a strict application of the International Rules of Zoological Komenclature have made it necessary to change the scientific names of many species. Great advances in the knowledge of the morphology and distribution of American planari- ans have been made in recent years by the studies of L. H. Hylnan (see Literature Cited). The present report is the result of a preliminary survey of tlze triclads of Michigan. Within the limited time at my disposal it was not possible to cover the entire territory of the state evenly. Field collectioiis were made mainly within a one-day radius of the Biological Station of the University of Michigan on Douglas Lake, near Cheboygaa, and in the vicinity of Ann Arbor. Considerable areas of the Lower Peninsula as well as most of the Upper Peninsula could not be included in the study. In view of the present state of the lrnovledge of the American triclads and the absence of a suitable monograph of the group, it appeared to be advisable to include herein the synonymy as well as the taxonomic charac- teristics of each of the species concerned. This involved, to some extent, a repetition of data already well-established in literature, but it is believed that it will render this report useful to a wider circle of workers. The investigations vere carried out at the Biological Station at Cheboy- gan, and in the Molluslr Division of the Museum of Zoology of the University 9 10 ROMAN KENR of Michigan. I wish to express my indebtedness to Mr. Calvin Goodrich aiid Professors George R. LaRue, Peter Olrkelberg, and Carl L. Hubbs, who lrindly placed at my disposal the facilities of their departments and labora- tories, and to all who assisted in procuring material for this study. FAMILY PLANARIIDAE The family Plaiiariidae comprises all the fresh-water triclads in which the inner m~isclezone of the pliarynx consists of two distillet layers, a loiigi- tudinal and a circular one. Curtisia forenzalzi. (Girard, 1852) Hyman, 1931~ Dugesia Pore?tzanii Girard, 1852. Planaria forcmanii Stringer, 1918. Planaria sinzplissima Curtis, 1900. Planaria si?nplicissima Stevens,